1

CONTENTS

UNIT 1 – HI, I’M ALEXA!………………...…………………………..……........…3

UNIT 2 – I WORK PART-TIME AS A SERVER......……………………..…...…24

UNIT 3 – HOW MUCH IS IT?................……………………………………….…48

UNIT 4 – DO YOU PLAY THE PIANO?................………………..………….…70

UNIT 5 – WHAT A BEAUTIFUL FAMILY!................…………………….…..…90

UNIT 6 – HOW OFTEN DO YOU LIFT WEIGHTS?........………….………..…111

UNIT 7 – WHAT DID YOU DO LAST WEEKEND?....……………………....…130

UNIT 8 – HI, I’M YOUR NEW NEIGHBOR!................……...…………...…..…149

UNIT 9 – WHAT DOES HE LOOK LIKE?................……...……………………167

UNIT 10 – HAVE YOU EVER EATEN THAI FOOD?................…….......….…188

UNIT 11 – IT’S A REALLY NICE CITY................……...…..….....................…214

UNIT 12 – I HAVE A TERRIBLE COLD................…….........………......…..…231

UNIT 13 – I CAN EAT ANY KIND OF FOOD................…….........……………249

UNIT 14 – IT’S THE LARGEST COUNTRY!................…….......…………...…269

UNIT 15 – WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO?................……...…………....…290

UNIT 16 – HAVE YOU CHANGED YOUR HAIR?................……...………..…310

Games to practice
Scan on your phone or click on the link to start playing!

https://istudylc.glideapp.io/

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 UNIT 1 – HI, I’M ALEXA!
Learning objectives: You will use be and possessive adjectives to describe oneself
and others; ask and answer Wh-questions with be. You will also ask yes/no
questions and give short answers with be.

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UNIT 1 – VOCABULARY

4
Vocabulary Practice 1

Vocabulary Practice 2

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6
 ABC
A B C D E F G H I J K

L M N O P Q R S T U V

W X Y Z
Ph = /f/ Th = /Ɵ/ H = /j/ Y = /i/ J = /y/

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. What is your name? = What’s your name?
My name is _____________

2. Where are you from?

I am from _____________ = I’m from __________________

3. How old are you?

I am _______ years old.

4. What is your last name?

My last name is _________________ = It’s _____________________

5. Can you spell your name and last name?

Yes, ___________________________________

6. How are you? = How are you doing? = How have you been?
I’m _________ / I’m doing __________ / I’ve been ___________

7. What’s up? = What are you up to? / What’s new?

_____________ / ______________ / _____________

8. How is it going? It your life

________________

8. What is your e-mail?

My e-mail is _______________

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 SUBJECT PRONOUNS
"Use the pronoun instead of the name.
🔵

I
You We
He Singular (Sg.) You plural (Pl.)
She They

It

Example: Peter = He
Mary = She
Mia and Carl = They
Hannah and I = We
The house = It
The students = They
The boxes = They
The dogs = They
The dog = It
• Note:
Use “it” with animals and things in singular form.
Use “they” with people, animals and things in plural form.

Write the pronoun to each name.

1. Jackson = _____________
2. Luke and Jack = ______________
3. Sophia = __________________
4. Tom and I = _________________
5. Mr. Brown = ___________________
6. The car = ___________________
7. Emma and Emily = ________________
8. Lily, William and I = __________________
9. The cars = ___________________
10. Abigail and you = ________________

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 VERB
“TO BE”

am
is be
are

The verb “to be” has three forms in present tense am, is, are.

Example: I am a student.
He is in English class.
We are hungry.
They are late.

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Complete the following sentences. Use am, is, are.

1. I ___________ 14 years old.

To be or
2. She _________ at work. not to
be
3. He __________ a good teacher.

4. I ______ a student.

5. They _________ friends.

6. It ________ a pencil.

7. You _________ a great person.

8. The book _______ on the table.

9. English _________ easy.

10. I ________ hungry.

11. The books _______ on the table.

12. Christmas _______ on December 25th.

13. The dogs ________ brown.

14. Henry and Arianna _________ a couple.

15. Sebastian and I _________ friends.

16. Chloe and you ________ sisters.

17. Isaac _______ 20 years old.

18. The dog ______ black.

19. My sister ______ at home.

20. Kaylee _______ from Alabama.

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 Verb
“To Be”
Contractions
Contractions are commonly used in speaking. Use an apostrophe to write a
contraction (‘)
I am I’m
You are You’re
He is He’s
She is She’s
It is It’s
We are We’re
They are They’re.

*Use contractions with names of people or things only in SINGULAR.

Examples: Evelyn is married. Evelyn’s married. CORRECT ✅

Evelyn and Max are married. Evelyn and Max’re married. INCORRECT ❌
They’re married. CORRECT ✅

Complete the following sentences. Then change them using contractions.

1. I ________ cold today. 7. My cellphone ___________ new.

_____________________________ ______________________________

2. She __________ from Korea. 8. Eva and Vivian __________ best friends.
_____________________________ ____________________________________

3. They __________ engineers. 9. Cars __________ expensive.

_____________________________ _____________________________________

10. The girls __________ beautiful.

4. You ________ single.
_____________________________________
______________________________

5. He _________ my brother.
______________________________

6. Scarlett ________ American.

_____________________________

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 Verb “to be”
Negative Sentences

There are three ways to make negative sentences.

I am not I’m not X
You are not You’re not You aren’t
He is not He’s not He isn’t
She is not She’s not She isn’t
It is not It’s not It isn’t
We are not We’re not We aren’t
They are not They’re not They aren’t

PRACTICE
Change the following questions into negative form. Use contractions.
1. I am 14 years old. _____________________________________

2. She’s at work. _____________________________________

3. He is a good teacher. _____________________________________

4. I am a student. _____________________________________

5. They are friends. _____________________________________

6. It’s a pencil. _____________________________________

7. You’re a great person. _____________________________________

8. The book’s on the table. _____________________________________

9. English is easy. _____________________________________

10. I’m hungry. _____________________________________

11. The books are on the table. _____________________________________

12. Christmas is on December 25th. _____________________________________

13. The dogs are brown. ____________________________________

14. Henry and Arianna are a couple. _____________________________________

15. Sebastian and I are friends. _____________________________________

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 QUESTIONS
"To make questions. Place the verb to be at the beginning of the questions.
Examples: She is sick.
Is she sick? question

Adam and Kelly are boyfriends.

Are Adam and Kelly boyfriends? question

Short Answers

Is it your
Yes, it is
car?

No, it
isn’t

Is she
your Yes, she is
sister?

No, she
isn’t

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 Are they
Yes, they
your
are
friends?

No, they
aren’t

Are you
hungry? Yes, I am

No, I’m
not

Are you
single? Yes, I am

No, I’m
not

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Change the following sentences into questions. Use short answers.
1. She is at work.
Q: _______________________ A: _________________________________
2. I am 14 years old.
Q: _______________________ A: _________________________________
3. He’s a good teacher
Q: _______________________ A: _________________________________
4. They’re friends.
Q: _______________________ A: _________________________________
5. English is easy.
Q: _______________________ A: _________________________________
6. I’m hungry.
Q: _______________________ A: _________________________________
7. Christmas is on December 25th.
Q: _______________________ A: _________________________________
8. Chloe and you are sisters.
Q: _______________________ A: _________________________________
9. Kaylee ‘s from Alabama.
Q: _______________________ A: _________________________________

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 Possessive Adjectives
🔵 Possessive adjectives are used to show possession or ownership of something or
"
someone.
Pronoun Possessive Adjectives

I My
You Your
He His
She Her
It Its
We Our
They Their

Examples:

I am a student. My classroom is number 7.

You are a great person. Your family is great, too.
He is Carlos. His family is in Mexico City.
She is my friend. Her name is Rebecca.
We do our homework together.
They are in their classroom.

Exercise
Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. Hi. (Our / My / His) name is Beth.

2. Hello. (His / Our / Her) names are Rita and Luis.

3. (My / Their / Her) names are Jack and Tom.

4. My brother is here. (Their / Her / His) name is Frank.

5. That woman is Beth’s sister. (Her / His / Our) name is Anita.

6. I work for a great company. (His / Their / Its) name is SaveCorp.

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 VERB TO BE AND WH-QUESTION FORMS

Complete the following sentences using the verb to be. Then change them to
negative, question, and answers. Use Wh-Questions.

1. Bob ____________ at home.

Neg: ____________________________________________________
Q: ______________________________________________________
A: ______________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ________________________________________________________

2. The party _________ tonight.

Neg: ____________________________________________________
Q: ______________________________________________________
A: ______________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ________________________________________________________

3. They ___________ happy because they won the game.

Neg: ____________________________________________________
Q: ______________________________________________________
A: ______________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ________________________________________________________

4. You ____________ 12 years old.

Neg: ____________________________________________________
Q: ______________________________________________________
A: ______________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ________________________________________________________

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Complete the following conversation. Use contractions where possible.

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Time to Speak!

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 Reading Comprehension
Look at the email and do the exercise to practice.

Circle True or False for these sentences.

1. Susan wrote this email. True False
2. It was Tom's birthday. True False
3. Susan bought Tom a computer game. True False
4. Tom doesn't like the computer game. True False
5. Susan has exams soon. True False
6. Susan's email address is sjbogard@twindle.com. True False

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Unit 1 Self-Assessment

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 UNIT 2 – I WORK PART-TIME AS A SERVER
Learning Objectives: Students will discuss personal information. They will learn
how to introduce themselves using the verb be and possessive adjectives.

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UNIT 2 – VOCABULARY

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Vocabulary Practice 1

Vocabulary Practice 2

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 Vocabulary Practice 3

Match the words and phrases with the correct pictures.

an office assistant a caregiver a fitness instructor

a sales associate a tutor

1. John is _________________ 2. Kay is ____________________

3. Jake is _________________ 4. Jessie is __________________

5. Dan is __________________

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 Vocabulary Practice 4
Complete the sentences. Write the missing words. Use the words in the list.

cashier chef musician pilot receptionist

tour guide web designer flight attendant

1. A ___________________ gives information about places in cities and shows people around
different places.

2. A ___________________ cooks food in a restaurant.

3. A ___________________ is responsible for building web sites.

4. A ____________________ flies a plane.

5. A ___________________ helps passengers on a plane and serves them food.

6. A ___________________ plays an instrument, like a guitar or the drums.

7. A ____________________ answers the telephone in an office.

8. People pay a __________________________ when they buy things.

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29
 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
GRAMMAR RULES
Affirmative Sentences

1. Add “s” to the third person singular of most verb. (HE, SHE, IT)
Examples: He works. (work) 🧑💻
Pete works.

2. Add “es” to the verbs that end in s, sh, x, ch or z. (HE, SHE, IT)

Examples: Sophia teaches Spanish. (teach) 👩🏫

Victor fixes his car. (fix) 🔧
Lucy finishes her homework early every day. (finish) 📚

3. When the verb ends in a consonant + y, change the y to i an add -

es.

Examples: Kevin studies at night. (study) 📖

Time flies. (fly) ⏱
She cries every day. (cry) 😢

Note 1: When the verb ends in a vowel + y, DOESN’T change.

Examples: Dan plays tennis. (play) 🎾
He prays every night. (pray) 🙏

"Notice the forms of HAVE, DO, and, GO.

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 Simple Present
$Use the Simple Present to talk about things that happen again and again (habits,
regular occurrences, customs, and routines).
Examples:
I walk to school.
You ride your bike to school.
He works near here.
She takes the bus to work. Affirmative Sentences
It rains a lot in September.
We live with our parents.
They use public transportation.

Complete using the following words.

1. You / listen to / music / every day
__________________________________________________________________
2. I / work / from Monday to Friday
__________________________________________________________________
3. Danny / study / Business Management / on weekdays
__________________________________________________________________
4. The teacher / teach / English
__________________________________________________________________
5. The chef / cook / delicious
__________________________________________________________________
6. We / speak / English / in the class
__________________________________________________________________
7. An accountant / have / a lot of work
__________________________________________________________________
8. He / play / soccer / every Sunday
__________________________________________________________________

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 Simple Present
Negative Sentences
$Use do not with I, you, we, they in negative sentences and the base form of the
verb.
$Use does not with He, She, It in negative sentences and the base form of the
verb.
Contractions:
do not = don’t
does not = doesn’t

Examples:
I don’t live far from here. He doesn’t work downtown.
You don’t live near here. She doesn’t drive to work.
We don’t live alone. It doesn’t rain in August.
They don’t need a car.

Write sentences using the Simple Present in negative form.

1. You / listen to / music / every day
__________________________________________________________________
2. I / work / from Monday to Friday
__________________________________________________________________
3. Danny / study / Business Management / on weekdays
__________________________________________________________________
4. The teacher / teach / English
__________________________________________________________________
5. The chef / cook / delicious
__________________________________________________________________
6. We / speak / English / in the class
__________________________________________________________________
7. An accountant / have / a lot of work
__________________________________________________________________

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 Simple Present
Yes/No Questions
$Use Do at the beginning of the question and the base form of the verb with I, you,
we, and they.
$Use Does at the beginning of the question and the base form of the verb with he,
she and it.
Examples:
Do you work on Sundays? Does he eat lunch at noon?
Yes, I do Yes, he does.
No, I don’t. I work on weekdays. No, he doesn’t. He eats lunch at one o’clock.

Do we have exam today? Does she have brothers?

Yes, we do. Yes, she does.
No, we don’t. We have exam tomorrow. No, she doesn’t. She has two sisters.

Do they take the bus to work? Does it rain in August?

Yes, they do. Yes, it does.
No, they don’t. They take the subway. No, it doesn’t. It rains in September.

Practice
Use the words to make yes/no questions in Simple Present. Write short and long
answers.
1. Kristina / work / from Monday to Friday
Question: _________________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________________
2. Rebecca / drive / to work / every day
Q: _______________________________________________________________
A: _______________________________________________________________
3. Amy / buy / coffee / every morning
Q: _______________________________________________________________
A: _______________________________________________________________
4. My dad / work / every week
Q: _______________________________________________________________
A: _______________________________________________________________
5. Mexican people / get up / early / most of the time
Q: _______________________________________________________________
A: _______________________________________________________________
6. I / have / a lot of work / today
Q: _______________________________________________________________
A: _______________________________________________________________

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 Simple Present
Wh-Questions
" Use the following structure to make Wh-Questions:

Wh word do Subject verb complement ?

does 👩💼🙎 (base form)

Examples:
What do you do every day?
Where does she work?
When do they take the subway?
What do you want?
What time does she get up?

Write wh-question using the following words.

1. you / What / on weekends / do / do /
__________________________________________________________________
2. / work / he / Where / does /
__________________________________________________________________
3. does / Where / live / she
__________________________________________________________________
4. you / What time / go to bed / do
__________________________________________________________________
5. does / your mom / How / cook
__________________________________________________________________

6. Stephanie / do / What / does

__________________________________________________________________

7. Where / school / go / Katie / to / does

__________________________________________________________________

8. does / Drew / Where / work

__________________________________________________________________

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Complete the conversations with the correct questions. There is one extra question.

How does she like it?

What do you do?
What does Stephanie do?
Where does Drew work?
Where does Katie go to school?

1. A: _______________________________
B: She’s an accountant in an office.

2.A: ________________________________
B: He works at a restaurant.

3. A: ________________________________
B: She goes to the University of Michigan.

4. A: ___________________________________
B: I’m a full-time student.

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37
 Simple Present
Time to Speak 1

Ask a classmate the following questions. Then answer the questions according to you.

1.- What do you do?

2. What do you do after work?
3. What kind of music do you
like?
4. Where do you live?
5. When do you do exercise?
6. What kind of movies do you
like?
7. What time do you sleep on
weekends?
8. What do you play every
day?
9. When do you use
Facebook?
10. Where does your
brother/sister work?
11. What does your
brother/sister like?
12. What do you do in your
free time?
13. What does your best
friend like?
14. What videos do you watch
on YouTube?
15. Why do you study
English?

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 Writing Activity
Using the questions from the Speaking Activity and write a paragraph about your
classmate.
Example: My partner is an engineer. He works from 9am to 5pm in a big company near
our school…

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

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 Prepositions of Time
Practice

Complete. Use in, on, at.

1. _____ Tuesday 11. ______ September

2. ______ night 12. ______ September 16th, 1810
3. ______ the evening 13. ______ noon
4. ______ April 14. ______ Friday night
5. ______ June 5th 15. ______ the afternoon
6. ______ 2012 16. ______ spring
7. ______ Father’s Day 17. ______ midnight
8. ______ the morning 18. ______ December 25th
9. ______ fall 19. ______ December
10. ______ Labor Day 20. ______ January 9th, 2001

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 Practice
Complete the following sentences using a time expression and your own information.

1. My birthday is _____________________________________________
2. I was born ________________________________________________
3. Our class starts ____________________________________________
4. I get up __________________________________________________
5. Last night, I went to bed _____________________________________
6. I don’t work _______________________________________________
7. Christmas is ______________________________________________
8. I usually take a vacation _____________________________________
9. I study English _____________________________________________
10. I usually have breakfast _____________________________________
11. In Monterrey, it rains _______________________________________
12. Mother’s day is ____________________________________________
13. People landed on the moon __________________________________
14. I work ___________________________________________________
15. I usually have dinner _______________________________________

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42
Time to Speak 2

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 Extra Information
Do / Make
Do

$ Do is a general word for actions.

homework
(somebody) a favor
do an exercise
(your) best
housework
the laundry
the dishes

Examples:
I do my homework at night.
Can you do me a favor?
I have to do four exercises for homework.

Make

$ Make = produce / create

a mistake
an appointment
make a phone call
a list
a bed
(a) noise

Examples:
I need to make an appointment to see the doctor.
Excuse me, I have to make a phone call.
Sometimes I forget to make my bed in the morning.

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 Exercises
Complete the sentences using do / make.
1. Do you know how to ____________ a bread?
2. What do you ______________ ?
3. Why do you always ____________ the same mistake?
4. Can you ____________ me a favor, please?
5. Let’s ___________ a list of all the things we have to ___________ today.
6.I need to ___________ a choice.
7. I need to __________ an appointment with my dentist.
8. I really love to __________ new friends.
9. My mom ________ housework every day.
10. My brother doesn’t _____________ his bed every morning.

Complete the following phrases using do / make.

1. _______ a phone call. 6. _______ the dishes

2. ______ money. 7. _______ a deal
3. ______ a sandwich. 8. _______ the laundry
4. ______ a good job. 9. _______ exercise
5. ______ a cake 10. _______ a noise

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 Reading Comprehension
Good Jobs for Students
Many students work and go to school. Some have full-time jobs. Others work part-time.
Many students are servers in restaurants and cafés. This is a good job for students. Many
restaurants are open early in the morning and late at night. Students can work before or
after their classes.
A babysitter is another good job for students. They can work a few hours and still have
time for classes. Some students work as babysitters for friends or relatives, taking care
of their children.
Other students are caregivers. They work with elderly people or children. They work
around their class schedules.
Some students are tutors. They help other students. For example, a person in an
advanced English class may be a tutor for a student in a beginning class. Students can
make good tutors. They understand students’ problems.
Flexible work hours are usually important for students for any job.

Read the article. Complete each sentence with one word from the article. Write the
missing words.

1. Students have ________________________ or part-time jobs.

2. Some students need to work early in the morning or __________________ at night.

3. Some students are ___________________ and take care of children.

4. Students who are caregivers work with elderly people or _____________________.

5. A student who is a tutor can help another student in ____________________ class.

6. Flexible work hours are important for _________________________.

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Unit 2 Self-Assessment

47
 UNIT 3 – HOW MUCH IS THIS?
Learning Objectives: You will discuss money. You will learn about prices with
demonstrative pronouns and one/ones. You will also learn about preferences
using comparative adjectives.

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UNIT 3 – VOCABULARY

49
 Vocabulary Practice 1
Look at the picture. Complete the sentences. Write the missing words. Use the words in

the list.

gold rubber silver wool

cotton leather plastic silk

1. Alex wants the _____________ watch.

2. Lisa wants the _____________ hat.

3. Doug wants the ____________ boots.

4. Tina wants the _____________ earrings.

5. Yasmin wants the _____________ scarf.

6. Josh wants the ______________ belt.

7. Paula wants the ______________ bracelets.

8. George wants the _____________ T-shirt.

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Vocabulary Practice 2

Vocabulary Practice 3

51
Plurals Review

52
Demonstrative Pronoun

53
 Practice
Fill in the blanks. Use this, that, these or those.
near / far

54
 Pronouns
ONE – ONES
$ Use one to substitute singular nouns.

Examples: I want that car. She wants the yellow car.

I want that one. She wants the yellow one.

2) Use ones to substitute plural nouns.

Examples: I have two black shoes.

I have two black ones.

Note: Don’t use ones after these or those.

Examples: I need those books.

I need those ones.

MORE EXAMPLES:

Which shirt do you want?

Which one do you want?

Which jeans do you want?

Which ones do you want?

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 PRACTICE
Rewrite the following sentences substituting the nouns. Use one or ones where is
necessary.

1. Alex has three cars.

________________________________________________________

2. Amy wants that backpack.

_________________________________________________________

3. She needs those earrings.

______________________________________________________________

4. Which sweater do you want?

_______________________________________________________________

5. How much are these boots?

_______________________________________________________________

6. Which gloves do you prefer?

________________________________________________________________

7. I want that jacket.

_______________________________________________________________

8. She has five red dresses.

________________________________________________________________

9. He has two blue t-shirts.

________________________________________________________________

10. How much is that ring?

________________________________________________________________

11. Which tie do you like more?

________________________________________________________________

12. How much are those bracelets?

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 HOW MUCH?
1) Use How much is with singular questions.
2) Use How much are with plural questions.

Examples: How much is this smartphone? = How much is this one?

How much are those sunglasses? = How much are those?

Structure
How much verb “be” demonstratives color material object
How much is this blue silk tie?
How much are these white wool socks?
How much is that black leather jacket?
How much are those ------ silver earrings?

Practice
Look at the pictures and write questions. near far

1. _____________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________

4. _____________________________________________

5. _____________________________________________

6. _____________________________________________

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Look at the picture. Complete the conversation. Write the missing words. Use the words
in the list.

It’s one these they’re this

ones that they those

1. Heather: How much is ____________ gold watch?

Salesperson: Oh, ________ $95.
Heather: OK. And how much is the silver ____________?
Salesperson: $75.

2. Heather: How much are _______________ earrings? The ones right here.
Salesperson: Let’s see, ________ $40.
Heather: OK. Thank you.

3. Heather: Do you have any bracelets?

Salesperson: Yes, we do . . . over there.
Heather: Oh, I see. How much is _________________ pink bracelet?
Salesperson: Only $10.

4. Heather: I like _____________ bracelets over there.

Salesperson: Which ___________?
Heather: The gold and silver bracelets. How much are ___________?
Salesperson: They’re $20.

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60
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62
Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. That’s a (prettier / pretty) dress.

2. The blue sweater is (cheaper / cheap) than the red one.

3. These shoes are (stylish / more stylish) than those.

4. Mei likes the gray sweater (than / more).

5. I’ll take the light green (better / one).

6. My sunglasses are (big than / bigger than) yours.

7. This wool skirt is nicer (than / more) the cotton one.

8. This jacket isn’t very (more stylish / stylish).

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64
 Writing
Write about your favorite clothes and compare them to clothes you don’t like as much.
Example: My favorite clothes are cotton T-shirts and jeans. T-shirts are more comfortable than
shirts and ties…
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

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Time to Speak!

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67
 Reading Comprehension
Clothing You Need
Basic Black
All men and women need a pair of basic black pants. Get wool or cotton pants. Cotton
pants are good for warm weather. Wool pants are great for cooler weather. A plain black
dress is great for women. It’s a good idea to have a short black dress and a long one.
You’ll be ready for any event!

Belt it
Everyone needs a good belt. Buy one in brown and one in black. Get leather belts. They
are more expensive than other belts, but they last longer.

Don’t forget your eyes

Everyone needs a nice pair of sunglasses. They protect your eyes from the sun, and
they’re stylish. Plastic and metal sunglasses are good. Sometimes plastic ones are
cheaper than metal ones. Sunglasses come in many different colors.

Happy Feet
Everyone needs good shoes. Get nice leather shoes in black or brown. Get a pair of
sneakers for sports. Have a pair of rubber boots for rainy weather.

Exercise
Read the article. Then read the sentences. Are they True or False?

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Unit 3 Self-Assessment

69
 UNIT 4 – DO YOU PLAY THE PIANO?
Learning Objectives: You will discuss personal likes and dislikes. You will
review the Simple Present in Yes/No Questions and Wh-Questions. You will also
learn how to make invitations and excuses using would.

70
UNIT 4 – VOCABULARY

71
Vocabulary Practice 1

Vocabulary Practice 2

72
 Vocabulary Practice 3
Match the entertainment words with the correct pictures.

a science fiction movie a soap opera an action movie reggae music

a game show a musical a talk show electronic show

1. _____________________________ 2. ___________________________

3. ____________________________ 4. ___________________________

5. ______________________________ 6. __________________________

7. _______________________________ 8. _____________________________

73
 Vocabulary Practice 3
Complete the sentences with the correct words.

heavy metal horror salsa

reality science fiction talk

1. I don’t like ______________ music. The guitars are too loud, and I don’t understand
the words.

2. Rich loves _______________ movies, but his brother thinks they are too violent and
scary.

3. Manuel and Isabel like ________________ music. They go to a club to dance to it

every Friday.

4. Kelly is going to be on a _________________ show. She’ll live in a house with 10

other people.

5. Claire really likes _______________ books and movies. She likes to read about and
watch things that couldn’t really happen.

6. My mother is going to be on a _________________ show. Someone is going to

interview her on the show.

74
 Object Pronouns
Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns
I me
You you
He him
She her
It it
We us
They them
# Use the Subject Pronouns before the verb.
# Use the Object Pronouns after the verb.

Examples: Bob loves Ana.

He loves her.

75
More examples:
1. Jim likes pop music.
verb

He likes it.

2. George loves rock songs.

verb
He loves rock songs.
George loves them.

3. I love Harry Styles.

verb
I love him.

Rewrite the following sentences. Use only OBJECT PRONOUNS.

1. I love Bad Bunny.

_____________________________________

2. I don’t like Taylor Swift very much.

_____________________________________

3. Do you like movies?

_____________________________________

4. She hates classic music.

_____________________________________

5. I love that song.

_____________________________________

6. He loves video games.

_____________________________________

76
7. Does she like Selena Gomez?
_____________________________________

8. I don’t like electronic music.

______________________________________

9. Alex likes the Beatles.

______________________________________

10. My mom loves soap operas.

______________________________________

Simple Present
Yes/No Questions Review

Change the following sentences to questions. Write short answers.

1. Mary gets up at six o’clock.

Question: ____________________________________________________________?
Answer: Yes, ______________________.
Answer: No, _______________________.

2. It rains a lot in that country.

Question: ____________________________________________________________?
Answer: Yes, ______________________.
Answer: No, _______________________.

77
3 Sam and Kelly live in Australia.
Question: ____________________________________________________________?
Answer: Yes, ______________________.
Answer: No, _______________________.

Simple Present
Wh-Questions Review
" Remember! Use the following structure to make Wh-Questions:

Wh word do Subject verb complement ?

does 👩💼🙎 (base form)

Examples:
What does she play ?
Who do you like ?
What instrument do they play ?
What kind of music do you like ?
What kind of movies does she like ?

78
Complete the conversations. Write the missing words. Use the words in the list.

Does do does don’t it kind play

like them Do What doesn’t likes plays

1. Mateo: Hey, Angela. What ____________ of music do you like?

Angela: I love pop music. Do you like ________?
Mateo: No, I ___________. Do you ___________ hip-hop music?
Angela: Yes, I _________.
Mateo: Me, too.

2. Anne: Hi, Fei. There’s a hip-hop band playing on Friday ̶ The Movers. Do you want
to go see ___________?
Fei: Sure.
Anne: __________ your brother like hip-hop?
Fei: Yes, he _________.
Anne: Great. He can come, too.

3. Gabriel: Hey, Erica. Remember Sam from our class. He’s in a band.
Erica: Cool! What does he __________?
Gabriel: He ___________ the drums.
Erica: Does he play the guitar, too?
Gabriel: No, he ___________.

4. Meg: ___________ kind of music do you and your brother like?

Adel: I like gospel music, and my brother _____________ rock music.
Meg: __________ you like rock music, too?
Adel: No, I don’t.

79
 Simple Present
Complete the following sentences, then change them into negative, and
questions. Use short answers and wh-questions.

1. She ________________ pop music. (like)

Neg: _________________________________________________
Q: ___________________________________________________
A: ___________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ________________________________________________

2. He _______________ the guitar. (play)

Neg: _________________________________________________
Q: ___________________________________________________
A: ___________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ________________________________________________

3. They ____________ the Beatles. (like)

Neg: _________________________________________________
Q: ___________________________________________________
A: ___________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ________________________________________________

4. You _________________ rock music. (like)

Neg: _________________________________________________
Q: ___________________________________________________
A: ___________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ________________________________________________

5. She ______________ the piano. (play)

Neg: _________________________________________________
Q: ___________________________________________________
A: ___________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ________________________________________________

80
81
 Would like
want = would like

1) Use would like instead of want to speak more formally.

Examples: I want to go out tonight.

I would like to go out tonight.

She wants to visit her parents.

She would like to visit her parents.

2) In negative use wouldn’t like.

Examples: She doesn’t want to dance with me.

She wouldn’t like to dance with me.

I don’t want to go to that concert.

I wouldn’t like to go to that concert.

82
3) In questions use Would + subject + like…?

Examples: Do you want to dance?

Would you like to dance?

Does she want to go out with me?

Would she like to go out with me?

$REMEMBER!
#
"
VERB + TO + VERB

I want to visit my friends.

verb to verb

I have to work today.

verb to verb

She likes to play the piano.

verb to verb

Choose the correct words or phrases to complete the conversations.

1. A: There's a jazz concert at the Kennedy Center. (Do you like to go / Would you
like to go) to the jazz concert?
B: Yes, I'd love to. Thanks.

2. A: There's a baseball game on Friday. (You would like to go / Would you like to
go) to the game?
B: Yes, I'd love to. Thanks.

3. A: Would you like to go to a movie at 7:30?

B: Yes, (I do / I would).

4. A: There's a new play at the Grand Theater. Would you like to go?
B: Yes, (I’d like / I like) to.

83
Rewrite the following sentences using would like.

1. I want to watch the movie “Fast and Furious”

________________________________________________

2. He doesn’t want to sing in front of all the people.

________________________________________________

3. Do you want to dance with me?

________________________________________________

4. I want to travel around the world.

________________________________________________

5. Do you want to go out with me?

________________________________________________

6. Do you want to go to a concert?

____________________________________________________

7. We want to have breakfast at Tim Hortons.

____________________________________________________

8. Do you want to come over for dinner?

____________________________________________________

*Come over: to visit someone's home

84
 Responses
Accepting Rejecting
Sure. I’d like to + verb I’d like to (+ verb), but I need to + verb
Yes, I’d love to + verb I really love to (+ verb), but I have to + verb
Sure. I really like to + verb

I’d = I would
Examples:
Would you like to go out on Friday?
Sure. I’d love to. Thanks / Sure. I’d love to go out with you.

Do you want to have dinner with me tonight?

I really love to have dinner with you, but I need to study tonight.
I’d like to, but I have to take care of my little brother.

Pair work

1) Write your plans next to each time expression.

tomorrow night
tonight
on Saturday
after school
this weekend
On Sunday afternoon

2) Go around the class and make invitations using your own information.
Example: Would you like to go to the movies tomorrow night?

85
86
Time to Speak!

87
 Reading Comprehension
Read the review from the movie Harry Potter. Then answer the activity.
Film review: the Harry Potter film series
The Harry Potter film series is famous all over the world and is loved by children, teenagers and adults. It's
based on the books by JK Rowling. The first film, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, was released
in 2001. The whole series consists of eight fantasy films. In each film the main character, Harry, is played
by Daniel Radcliffe.
The plot
The story begins when 11-year-old orphan Harry discovers that his parents were wizards and he starts his
education in magic at Hogwart's School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. There he makes two close friends,
Ron and Hermione, who share his adventures. Each film ends dramatically, often with a battle between
Harry and his worst enemy, the evil wizard Lord Voldemort.
The characters
As well as Harry, Ron and Hermione, there's a huge variety of characters, including students, professors,
dark wizards, ghosts and fantasy creatures. Non-magic people are called Muggles. The cast is excellent.
The acting's outstanding, and even the strangest of characters are totally believable.

The setting
The films are mainly set in Hogwart's School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, which is in an ancient castle.
There are moving staircases, portraits which can talk and move, and a dark forest where strange and
dangerous creatures live.
The special effects
The special effects are amazing and make magic seem completely possible! The wizards' favourite sport,
Quidditch, is played on broomsticks. Different techniques were used to create the effects that make the
actors look as if they're flying.
Critic's opinion
The films are imaginative, funny, frightening and, of course, magical! What makes them so successful is
that they combine action, fantasy and friendship.
If you like adventure and magic, you'll love the Harry Potter films!

1. The Harry Potter films are famous all over the world. True / False
2. There are six films in the series. True / False
3. Harry discovers that his parents were wizards when he’s 11. True / False
4. Harry’s best friend is Lord Voldemort. True / False
5. People who aren’t magic are called Muggles. True / False
6. The wizards’ favorite board game is called Quidditch. True / False
7. Hogwart’s School is in a castle. True / False

88
Unit 4 Self-Assessment

89
 UNIT 5 – WHAT A BEAUTIFUL FAMILY!
Learning Objectives: You will discuss about families. You will learn the Present
Continuous. You will also learn how to use quantifiers.

90
UNIT 5 – VOCABULARY

91
92
93
Vocabulary Practice 1

94
Vocabulary Practice 2

95
96
 Grammar Rules
Verbs -ing
1.- Add -ing to most of the verbs.
Examples:

do – doing
read – reading
drink – drinking

2. When the verb ends in -e, drop it and add -ing.

Examples:

dance – dancing
make – making

3. When de verb has only one syllable and ends with Consonant – Vowel –
Consonant (CVC), double the las consonant and add -ing.
Examples:

Note: Do not double the last consonant when it ends with w, x, y

sit – sitting
cut – cutting or z.
run – running

Write the following verb with -ing.

1. get ______________ 11. fly ______________

2. enjoy _______________ 12. go ______________
3. grow ______________ 13. eat ______________
4. move _______________ 14. ride _____________
5. spend ________________ 15. sleep ____________
6. stand _________________ 16. take ____________
7. tell _________________ 17. write ____________
8. travel ______________ 18. buy ____________
9. wait _______________ 19. bring _____________
10. hear ______________ 20. put ___________

97
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS
#Use the Present Continuous when you talk about actions that you are doing
in this moment or these days.

Subject 👩💼🙎 Verb BE Verb -ing complement

I am working now.
She is taking a shower right now.
You are eating my cookies.
They are living in Texas these days.

Remember!
You can also use contractions with the verb BE.

I am doing my homework. = I’m doing my homework.

We are winning in this moment = We’re winning in this moment.
You are singing a beautiful song. = You’re singing a beautiful song.
He is selling his car these days. = He’s selling his car these days.

Exercise 1
Complete the following sentences using the verb in parentheses. Use the verbs in parentheses.

1. I ____________________ to Cancun right now. (travel)

2. It _____________________! (rain)

3. Stephanie ________________ at the club. (dance)

4. We __________________ English classes these days. (take)

5. You ________________ very fast! (drive)

6. Miley _______________ married right now. (get)

7. He ________________ at Starbucks. (work)

8. Superman _______________ all over the world. (fly)

9. Isaac _______________ a cake. (make)

10. My mom _________________ right now. (sleep)

98
 Negative Sentences
#Use NOT after the verb BE for negative sentences.

Subject 👩💼🙎 Verb BE + not Verb -ing complement

I am not working now.
She is not taking a shower right now.
You are not eating my cookies.
They are not living in Texas these days.

Remember!
You can also use contractions with the verb BE in negative.

I’m not doing my homework.

We’re not winning in this moment. = We aren’t winning in this moment.
You’re not singing a beautiful song. = You aren’t singing a beautiful song.
He’s not selling his car these days = He isn’t selling his car these
days.

Practice

In your notebook, change the affirmative sentences to negative form.

Questions
#Use the verb BE at the beginning of the sentence to ask questions.

Verb BE subject 👩💼🙎 verb -ing complement

Are you working now?
Is she taking a shower right now?
Are you eating my cookies?
Are they living in Texas these days?

Remember!
If you are asked with the verb BE. The answer must be the verb BE.

Are you doing your homework? Yes, I am / No, I’m not

Are we winning in this moment? Yes, we are / No, we aren’t
Are you singing a beautiful song? Yes, I am / No, I’m not
Is he selling his car these days? Yes, he is / No, he isn’t

Practice
In your notebook, change the affirmative sentences to question form. Use short answers.

99
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Complete the following sentences, then change them into negative, and
questions. Use short answers and wh-questions.

1. Rebecca __________________________ to music right now. (listen)

Neg: _________________________________________________
Q: ___________________________________________________
A: ___________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ________________________________________________

2. My parents _____________________________ now. (work)

Neg: _________________________________________________
Q: ___________________________________________________
A: ___________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ________________________________________________

3. It __________________________ now. (rain)

Neg: _________________________________________________
Q: ___________________________________________________
A: ___________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ________________________________________________

4. You _________________ exercise these days. (do)

Neg: _________________________________________________
Q: ___________________________________________________
A: ___________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ________________________________________________

5. My cousin ______________________ with Amanda these days. (go out)

Neg: _________________________________________________
Q: ___________________________________________________
A: ___________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ________________________________________________

100
Put the words in the correct order to make questions and statements.

1. My / to / moving / are / new home / cousins / a

_____________________________________________

2. brother / taking / your / Is / English classes / ?

______________________________________________

3. days / an / in / I’m / working / office / these

______________________________________________

4. working / a / Are / Sara / for / and Jessica / bank / ?

______________________________________________

5. and uncle / traveling / are / abroad / My / aunt

______________________________________________

6. your / now / working / mother / Where / is / ?

_______________________________________________

7. Japanese / studying / is / John

_______________________________________________

8. doing / What / are / now / you / ?

_______________________________________________

101
Complete the conversations. Write the subject pronouns and the correct form of be.

1. A: Is your sister working in a restaurant this week?

B: No, ______________ .

2. A: Are Ian and Jill studying Japanese?

B: No, _______________.

3. A: What is your brother doing?

B: ______________ traveling abroad.

4. A: Where are you going?

B: ______________ going to the
supermarket.

5. A: What are your cousins doing these days?

B: ______________ studying at a university.

6. A: Are you taking classes now?

B: No, ____________.

102
103
 Writing
Choose a family member and write about him or her using the simple present and
present continuous.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

104
105
 Quantifiers
" Use quantifiers when you don’t know the exact percentage of something.

100% All
Nearly all families have only one child.
Most

Many
A lot of families are smaller these days.
Some

Not many
Few couples have more than one child.

0% No one gets married before the age of 18.

Read the sentences. Which word or phrase describes the number of people?

106
107
Time to Speak!

108
 Reading Comprehension
Joint Families

A joint family is when people other than parents and children live together in one house.
A joint family can include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. In some places, like
India, it is common for a married son and his wife and children to live with his parents.
Although joint families are not that common in the United States, they are common in
many other countries. For example, joint families are common in Italy, Greece, Mexico,
China, and Japan.

There are many advantages to joint families. People can save money when they live in a
house together. In a joint family, there are usually several adults making money. They all
help pay for the house, food, and other expenses. They also share responsibilities. For
example, each person might cook one night a week. More people can also take care of
children in the family, too.

Of course, this lifestyle it isn’t always easy. It is sometimes challenging to live with so
many people.

Read the sentences. Are they True or False?

109
Unit 5 Self-Assessment

110
 UNIT 6 – HOW OFTEN DO YOU LIFT WEIGHTS?
Learning Objectives: You will discuss about sports. You will learn the Adverbs
of Frequency. You will also learn how to use questions with how.

111
UNIT 6 – VOCABULARY

112
Vocabulary Practice 1

113
 Go / Play / Do
$ Notice the differences.
go + activities ending in -ing, except weight training.
play + games, such as sports played with a ball.
do + fitness activities and individual exercises.

Examples:
Go Do
I go dancing every month. I do aerobics every day.
Salma goes swimming every week. Tim does karate every two days.
They go bowling twice a month. We do yoga every morning.

Play
I play soccer every Sunday morning.
Amy plays tennis every Friday.
You play basketball every Saturday.

114
Vocabulary Practice 2

115
 Go to / Go on / Go for / Go + -ing

$Use go to + places:

Examples:
What time do you go to work?
I’m going to China next week.
Tom doesn’t want to go to the concert.
I go to the movies every two weeks.

%Note: Use go home (without to)

$
Let’s go home. (Not: Let’s go to home)

Go on

a trip Children often go on school trips.

a tour
I want to go on vacation next summer.
go on an excursion
a cruise My family want to go on a cruise.
vacation
strike

Go for

a walk I usually go for a walk in the morning.

go (somewhere) for a run
Do you usually go for a run?
a swim
lunch, dinner, etc. I want to go out for dinner.

Go + ing

$ We use go + ing for sports or activities, and also for shopping.

shopping Let’s go shopping!
I go swimming
I love to go fishing.
fishing
running Let’s go swimming (or Let’s go for a swim)

116
 Vocabulary Practice 3
Write to / on / for where necessary.

1. My friend and I go _____ the movies every week.

2. Richard often goes ______ jogging.
3. I usually go _____ Mexico City.
4. We go ______ a walk every Sunday.
5. It’s late. I have to go ______ home now.
6. They want to go ______ a tour this afternoon.
7. I need to go ______ the mall tonight.
8. My parents want to go _____ a vacation _____ Cancun.
9. Do you want to go out _____ lunch today?
10. Let’s go ____ shopping!

117
 Adverbs of Frequency
100% always
90% almost always
75% usually
60% often
50% sometimes
25% hardly ever
10% almost never
0% never
#Use the adverbs of frequency to express how often you do an activity.
#Use the adverbs of frequency before the verbs.

Examples:

I always do exercise.
verb

She usually eats in a restaurant.

verb

Do you always work out?

verb
118
(Usually and Sometimes can begin a sentence.
'
&
Examples:

Sometimes, I play soccer with my friends.

Usually, she practices volleyball.

DO YOU EVER…?
#Use Do you ever + a verb… to ask about the frequency of the activities.
#Notice the answers:

Examples:

Do you ever watch sports game? Yes, I often watch sports.

verb

Do you ever play golf? No, I never play golf.

Verb

Answer the following questions according to you. Use adverbs of frequency.

1. Do you ever play baseball?

_________________________________________________

2. Do you ever lift weights?

_________________________________________________

3. Do you ever do yoga?

__________________________________________________

4. Do you ever watch sports on TV?

___________________________________________________

5. Do you ever go bowling?

___________________________________________________

(You can also use these adverbs of time, but they are always at
'
&
the end of the sentence.

every day
one time a week = once a week
two times a month = twice a month
three times a year

119
 HOW OFTEN
#Use How often do you + verb to ask about the frequency of the activities.

Examples:

How often do you go to the gym? I go to the gym every day.

verb I always go to the gym.

How often do you dance? I dance twice a month.

verb I sometimes dance.

Answer the following questions according to you. Use adverbs of

frequency or adverbs of time.

1. How often do you go to the movies?

________________________________________________

2. Do you ever do aerobics?

________________________________________________

3. How often do you use Facebook?

_________________________________________________

4. Do you ever sing at the parties?

_________________________________________________

5. How often do you spend time with your friends?

_________________________________________________

6. Do you ever play soccer?

_________________________________________________

7. How often do you go to parties?

_________________________________________________

8. Do you ever sleep late?

_________________________________________________

9. How often do you go to church?

_________________________________________________

10. What do you usually do on weekends?

_________________________________________________

120
121
 Writing

Write about your fitness habits using the information in the chart.

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

122
 Questions with HOW
$Use How often when you ask about frequency.

Examples: How often do you work out?

Every day.
Twice a week.
Not very often.

$Use How long when you ask about how much time you do an activity.

Examples: How long do you spend at the gym?

Thirty minutes a day.
Two hours a week.
About an hour on weekends.

$Don’t confuse good and well. Use the adjective good with be and the adverb well
with other verbs.

(be) (verbs)
Examples: How good are you at sports? How well do you play tennis?
Pretty good. Pretty well.
Ok. About average.
Not so good. Not very well.

Put the words in the correct order.

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________
123
_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

124
Complete the conversations with the correct answers.

125
Choose the correct responses.

126
127
 Reading Comprehension
Midtown’s Best Athlete
Angela Ramirez is a star athlete at Midtown High. She is on the volleyball team, the ice
hockey team, and the basketball team. She also plays tennis with her brother for fun.
Angela works hard to be good at sports. She does yoga three times a week, runs on the
treadmill every day, and does weight training at the gym on the weekends. Angela does
well in school, too. She hopes to play basketball in college.

Angela comes from a family that loves sports. Her father plays basketball on the
weekends, and her mother plays golf on a team at her office. Her brother plays baseball
for a university. Angela’s brother inspires her to do well. They work out together every
weekend, and he is her biggest fan. Her family goes to all of her games to support her.

Angela is playing volleyball right now. The team's next game is on Friday. If they win, they
will be in the championship tournament next month.

Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. Angela is on (three / four / five) teams at Midtown High.

2. Angela (does yoga / plays baseball / plays tennis) with her brother.

3. She wants to play (basketball / ice hockey / volleyball) in college.

4. Angela’s mother plays (baseball / golf / basketball).

5. Her (mother / father / brother) is her biggest fan.

6. Angela has a (volleyball / basketball / golf) game on Friday.

© Cambridge University Press and UCLES 2020

128
Unit 6 Self-Assessment

129
 UNIT 7 – WHAT DID YOU DO LAST WEEKEND?
Learning Objectives: You will discuss about daily, leisure, and vacation activities. You
will learn the Simple Past with both regular and irregular verbs. You will also learn how
to use the past of be.

130
UNIT 7 – VOCABULARY

131
 Vocabulary Practice 1

Look at the pictures and write the activities in past tense.

go dancing go to the gym read watch TV use the computer

go to the movies play sports spend time with my family

1. ___________________ 2. __________________ 3. __________________

4. ____________________ 5. __________________ 6.____________________

7. ______________________ 8. ____________________
132
Vocabulary Practice 2

Vocabulary Practice 3

133
 Pronunciation of Regular Past Tense

1. The –ed of the regular past tense is pronounced as /d/ after voiced sounds. The
voiced sounds are sounds that are produced by vibration of the vocal cords. The voiced
sounds in English are:
a) All vowels (a, e, i, o, u)
b) /b/, /g/, /j/ (as in judge), /l/, /m/, /n/, /r/, ng (as in bang), zh sound (as in azure), z
sound (as in buzz.)
Examples: robbed
played
hanged
called
learned
received
buzzed

2. The –ed of the regular past tense is pronounced as /t/ after a voiceless sound. The
voiceless sounds are sounds that are produced with no vibration of the vocal cords. The
voiceless sounds in English are:

a) /f/, /k/, /p/, /s/, ch sound (as in watch), sh sound (as in wash.)

Examples: laughed
talked
stopped
kissed
watched
washed

3. When a word ends in /d/ or /t/, the –ed is pronounced as a separate syllable: /Id/.
Therefore, if a regular verb ends in either of these sounds the past tense will have one
more syllable than the simple form.

Examples: add (one syllable) added (two syllables)

recommend (three syllable) recommended (four syllables)
start (one syllable) started (two syllables)

134
 Regular Verbs
Practice
Present Past /d/ /t/ /id/
1. arrive arrived
2. call called
3. cook cooked
4. dance danced
5. happen happened
6. invite invited
7. listen listened
8. play played
9. rain rained
10. stay stayed
11. stopped stopped
12. study studied
13. talk talked
14. use used
15. visit visited
16. walk walked
17. want wanted
18. watch watched
19. work worked
20. worry worried

135
 Irregular Verbs
Complete the following chart.
Base form Past Base form Past
1. be 16. fall
2. go 17. meet
3. do 18. think
4. see 19. win
5. buy 20. send
6. find 21. have
7. come 22. hear
8. put 23. make
9. take 24. ride
10. speak 25. sing
11. write 26. lose
12. drink 27. get
13. sleep 28. cut
14. break 29. run
15. read 30. leave

136
 Simple Past
Affirmative Sentences

$ Notice the difference in Simple Present and Simple Past.

Simple Present: He works every day. Regular verbs

Simple Past: He worked yesterday.

Simple Present: I go dancing every month.

Irregular verbs
Simple Past: I went dancing last night.

Time Markers in Past Tense

yesterday two days ago
last night a month ago
last week three months ago
last month four years ago

Complete the following sentences in the past tense. Use the verbs in parentheses.

1. They ___________ (buy) a new plasma T.V. yesterday.

2. I ___________ (forget) to bring the homework last class.
3. We _________ (see) you at the movies yesterday night.
4. The baseball player ____________(catch) all the balls in the game in the last season.
5. Lady Gaga ___________ (grow) up in New York.
6. Richard ___________ (bring) his friend to the English class.
7. Sam ____________ (go) to Paris two years ago.
8. I know what you _____________ (do) last summer.
9. The children ___________ (cut) out magazines last class.
10. Elvis Presley _____________ (become) the best rock and roll singer in the 50s.

137
 Simple Past
Negative Sentences

"For negative statements in the past, use did not + the base form of the verb.

" For informal speaking you can use the contraction didn’t. :

I
You
He
She didn't work yesterday.
It
We
You
They

Change the following sentences into negative form.

1. I had breakfast this morning.

______________________________________________
2. We finished the project yesterday.
______________________________________________
3. You did homework yesterday night.
______________________________________________
4. They went shopping last week.
______________________________________________
5. My brother played videogames all night.
______________________________________________
6. I took a vacation last month.
______________________________________________
7. My sister bought a new dress last Saturday.
______________________________________________
8. I went to a party last night.
______________________________________________
9. I studied a lot for this exam.
______________________________________________

138
 Simple Past
Yes/No Questions and Short Answers

$ Use Did at the beginning of the questions and the verb in the base form.

Practice 2
Change the following sentences into question form.

1. You had breakfast this morning.

______________________________________________
2. We finished the project yesterday.
______________________________________________
3. You did homework yesterday night.
______________________________________________
4. They went shopping last week.
______________________________________________
5. My brother played videogames all night.
______________________________________________
6. You took a vacation last month.
______________________________________________
7. My sister bought a new dress last Saturday.
______________________________________________
8. You went to a party last night.
______________________________________________
9. You studied a lot for this exam.
______________________________________________

139
 Simple Past
Complete the following sentences using the verb in parentheses in past. Then change
them to negative, question, and answers. Use Wh-Questions.

1. I ________________ to the movies last Saturday night. (go)

Neg: ____________________________________________________
Q: ______________________________________________________
A: ______________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ___________________________________________________

2. Justin ________________ in Monterrey last February. (sing)

Neg: ____________________________________________________
Q: ______________________________________________________
A: ______________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ___________________________________________________

3. Megan _______________ extra hours last weekend. (work)

Neg: ____________________________________________________
Q: ______________________________________________________
A: ______________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ___________________________________________________

4. Danna ____________ at a photo clip last week. (have)

Neg: ____________________________________________________
Q: ______________________________________________________
A: ______________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ___________________________________________________

5. You _____________ a vacation last week. (take)

Neg: ____________________________________________________
Q: ______________________________________________________
A: ______________________________________________________
Wh-Q: ___________________________________________________

140
141
 PAST OF BE
Affirmative
I was sick.
He was sick.
She was sick.
It was sick.
We were sick.
You were sick.
They were sick.

Examples Present: I am busy today.

Past: I was busy yesterday.

Present: You are in my class this semester.

Past: You were in my class last semester.

PART A.- Complete the following sentences using was or were.

1. I _______________ born in the U.K.
2. She _____________ in elementary school with me.
3. You ____________ born in Cuba.
4. He _____________ tired yesterday.
5. The movie ___________ funny.

142
6. My family and I ___________ on vacation last week.
7. Melissa and Luis ____________ boyfriends last month.
8. The party ______________ boring.
9. Alondra ____________ absent yesterday.
10. They __________ born in USA.

PAST OF BE
Negative form
Contractions
I was not sick.
He was not sick.
She was not sick.
It was not sick.
We were not sick.
You were not sick.
They were not sick.

In your notebook, change the sentences from Part A to negative form.

PAST OF BE
Question form
Was I sick? Yes, you were / No, you weren’t
Was he sick? Yes, he was / No, he wasn’t
Was she sick? Yes, she was / No, she wasn’t
Was it sick? Yes, it was / No, it wasn’t
Were you sick? Yes, I was / No, I wasn’t
Were we sick? Yes, we were / No, we weren’t
Were they sick? Yes, they were / No, they weren’t

In your notebook, change the sentences from Part A to question form

143
144
145
Time to Speak!
Play the board game. Follow the instructions.
1. Write your initials on small pieces of paper. These are your game pieces.
2. Take turns by tossing a coin: If the coin lands face up, move two spaces. If the coin lands face down,
move one space.
3. When you land on a space, answer the question. Answer any follow-up questions.
4. If you land on “Free question”, another player asks you any questions.

146
 Reading Comprehension
Frida Kahlo Biography
Early life
Frida Kahlo was a Mexican artist. Her full name was Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y
Calderón. She was born in Coyoacán, near Mexico City, in 1907. Frida grew up in a bright
blue house called La Casa Azul with her parents and sisters. When she was six years old
she became ill with polio and her leg was permanently damaged.
Starting to paint
Frida spent a lot of her life in and out of hospitals. She had many health problems and
she suffered a lot of pain. When she was eighteen, she was in a bus accident. She broke
lots of bones and she spent many months recovering. It was at this time that Frida started
to paint. Many of her paintings from this time are self-portraits that show her pain and
suffering.
Married life and career
In 1929 Frida married Diego Rivera, a Mexican artist who was famous for painting huge
murals on walls. Both artists continued their work and became successful at home and
abroad. After they got married, Frida started to wear traditional Mexican clothes and
became interested in Mexican folk art. This influenced her paintings, which are very bright
and colourful, with an original style that is very personal to Frida. However, they continued
to show the pain and sadness which she experienced during her life.
Death and legacy
Frida Kahlo died on 13 July 1954, after suffering more and more health problems. Her
husband died three years later. Today Frida and Diego’s home, La Casa Azul, is a very
popular museum, dedicated to Frida’s life and work. It displays paintings by Frida and
Diego, as well as many objects from their life, to help tell the story of one of the most
important artists in the twentieth century.

Put the sentences in the correct order.

_____ Frida started painting self-portraits.
_____ Frida became interested in folk art.
_____ Frida grew up in a blue house.
_____ Frida died of an illness.
_____ Frida had an accident on a bus.
_____ Frida’s husband Diego died.
_____ Frida got married to Diego Rivera.
_____ Frida became ill with polio.

147
Unit 7 Self-Assessment

148
 UNIT 8 – HI, I’M YOUR NEW NEIGHBOR!
Learning Objectives: You will discuss about neighborhoods. You will learn how to use
There is/are and Prepositions of Place. You will also learn the countable and
uncountable nouns with how many and how much.

149
UNIT 8 – VOCABULARY

150
Vocabulary Practice 1

Vocabulary Practice 2

151
Vocabulary Practice

152
153
 Some / Any
QUANTIFIERS
a / an Singular - Affirmative, Negative and Questions
some Plural – Affirmative Sentences
any Plural – Questions and Negative Sentences

Examples:

There is a barbershop on Juarez Street. Affirmative / Singular

There are some dance clubs next to the restaurant. Affirmative / Plural

There aren’t any bookstores on Aldama Street. Negative / Plural

Are there any malls around here? Question / Plural

Exercise
Complete the following sentences. Use a, some or any.

1. There are ____________ theaters on Washington Street.

2. There is __________ bookstore on the corner.
3. Are there ___________ hotels on this avenue?
4. Is there ___________ airport around here?
5. There isn’t ___________ park on Main Street.
6. There aren’t _____________ aquariums in Monterrey.

Complete the following sentences using there is, there isn’t, there are,
there aren’t, Is there, Are there.

1. ___________ a laundromat across from the park.

2. ___________ some travel agencies next to the mall.
3. ___________ any electronic stores far on River Street.
4. ___________ any stationary stores on Constitution Avenue?
5. ___________ a bank around here?
6. ___________ some markets in my neighborhood.
7. ___________ any zoos on St. Patrick Street.
8. ___________ any zoos on St. Patrick Street?
154
155
Look at these street maps of Springfield and Riverside. There are 10 differences
between them. Find the other eight.

156
157
158
159
 Exercise

________________________ ________________________

________________________ ________________________

160
________________________ ________________________

161
162
 Writing
In your notebook, write a paragraph about your neighborhood. Describe what
type of neighborhood it is and what place are or aren’t in your area.
Example: I live in a very nice neighborhood near my school, so I walk or ride my bike to school every
morning. It’s a very green area with many trees and a small but beautiful park. it’s also very convenient.
There is a shopping mall in front of my neighborhood. In the mall, there are restaurants, a bank and a
grocery store…

163
Time to Speak!

164
 Reading Comprehension
Read the article. Then read the sentences. Are they True or False?

New York City

Many people like to visit New York City, but it’s also a nice place to live. You don’t need
a car in New York City. Most neighborhoods have many different kinds of stores on the
same street. New York City can be noisy, but there are quiet places in the city, too.
Kate Munger lives in Inwood, a neighborhood in New York City. There are two big grocery
stores close to her apartment and many drugstores. She goes to a gym that is only a few
blocks away. There is a post office and a library she can walk to. There are many hair
salons and laundromats in the area. She can also walk to two large parks. There are
many good restaurants and cafés in her neighborhood. She can buy food, wash her
clothes, get a haircut, borrow books, and do many other things by walking to places near
her apartment. If she wants to go to a movie theater, she has to take a subway to another
neighborhood.

1. You have to have a car in New York City. (True / False)

2. There is a lot of noise in New York City. (True / False)

3. Kate Munger doesn’t live in New York City. (True / False)

4. Inwood is in New York City. (True / False)

5. There are many stores in Kate’s neighborhood. (True / False)

6. Kate doesn’t walk to many places. (True / False)

165
Unit 8 Self-Assessment

166
 UNIT 9 – WHAT DOES HE LOOK LIKE?
Learning Objectives: You will discuss about people’s appearance. You will learn how
to use modifiers with participles and prepositions to describe what they are wearing
or doing.

167
UNIT 9 – VOCABULARY

168
Vocabulary Practice 1

169
Vocabulary Practice 2

170
 Vocabulary Practice 3
Pair work! Choose at least four expressions to describe yourself and your
partner. Then compare. Do you agree?
Me Partner

Vocabulary Practice 4

171
 GENERAL APPEARANCE
$To ask for GENERAL APPEARANCE you can use Yes/No Questions and Wh-
Questions in Simple Present.
Examples:
' What does she look like?
&
She’s __________________

Wh-
Questions

' What does he look like?

&
He’s __________________

' Does he wear glasses?

&
Yes, _________________

Yes/No ' Does he have a beard?

&
Questions Yes, _________________

' Does he wear cargo pants?

&
_____________________

172
 AGE
$To ask for AGE use “How old”.
Examples:
' How old is she?
&
She’s ________ years old.

She was born in 1986.

' How old is he?

&
He’s ________ years old.

He was born in 1968.

+Note: When you don’t know the exact age, you can use the word “about”.
*
)
📌
Examples:
' How old is she?
&
She’s about ________ years old.

' How old is he?

&
He’s about ________ years old.
?

173
 HEIGHT
$ To ask for HEIGHT use “How tall”.
Examples:
' How tall is he?
&
He’s _______________

1.96m

' How tall is she?

&
She’s _______________
1.64m

HAIR
$ To ask for the length of the HAIR use “How long”.
Examples:
' How long is her hair?
&
It’s __________________

' How long is her hair?

&
It’s __________________

174
 ' How long is her hair?
&
It’s __________________

$ To ask for the color of the HAIR use “What color”.

Examples:
' What color is his hair?
&
It’s __________________

175
176
177
Complete the questions with Does, How, or What. Complete the answers with the
words in the list. Write the missing words.

178
179
 Modifiers with Participles and Prepositions

Look at the picture.

In order to give more information about a person you can use a participle (verb + ing)
or a preposition (with, next to, in, etc.)

Who is Scarlett Johansson?

She is the short woman. She is wearing a red dress.
She is the short woman wearing a red dress.
participle

Who is Chris Evans?

He is the tall man. He is the man with a beard.
He is the tall man with a beard.
Preposition

Who is Robert Downey Jr.?

He is the good-looking guy. He is the man wearing sunglasses and a black suit.
He is the good-looking guy wearing sunglasses and a black suit.
participle

180
____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

181
182
 Writing
Describe yourself. How old are you? What do you look like? What are you
wearing today?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

183
Time to Speak!

184
185
 Reading Comprehension
Read the article. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

Women’s Hairstyles Over the Years

Different hairstyles have been popular at different times. Here are a few examples.
1950s
Women’s hair was usually pretty short and neat. It was often curly, too. Lucille Ball, a
TV star, made very short curly hair popular. Long hair was popular, too. Women put
their long hair up, high on top of their heads.
1960s
Long and short hair were popular. For both styles, hair was big on top. Most of the hair
was straight, but it flipped up in big curls on the bottom.
1970s
Straight long hair was very popular. The singer Cher was one person with this hairstyle.
Long hair with big soft curls was also popular.
1980s
Big hair was popular in the 1980s. Long hair was very popular. Even men had long hair!
Many people colored their hair. Young people used crazy colors, like pink, blue, and
purple.

1. Lucille Ball made short (straight / curly / big) hair popular.

2. Putting long hair on top of the head was popular in the (1980s / 1950s / 1960s).

3. Straight hair with big curls at the bottom was popular in the (1960s / 1970s / 1980s).

4. Cher had straight (colored / short / long) hair.

5. Men had long hair in the (1980s / 1950s / 1960s).

6. (Elderly / Middle-aged / Young) people often put colors in their hair in the 1980s.

186
Unit 9 Self-Assessment

187
UNIT 10 – HAVE YOU EVER EATEN THAI FOOD?
Learning Objectives: You will discuss about past experiences. You will learn how to
use Present Perfect with already, yet, since and for.

188
UNIT 10 – VOCABULARY

189
 Verbs
Write the past and past participle of the verbs without looking at your list of verbs.

Base form Past Past Participle

1. be
2. go
3. do
4. see
5. buy
6. find
7. come
8. put
9. take
10. speak
11. write
12. drink
13. sleep
14. break
15. read
16. fall
17. meet
18. think
19. win
20. send
21. have
22. hear
23. make
24. ride
25. sing
26. lose
27. get
28. cut
29. run
30.leave

190
191
 Present Perfect
$Use the Present Perfect to describe an action which happened at an indefinite time
in the past, the sentence does not usually mention the exact time of the action.

Past tense: He went to Houston yesterday.

Present Perfect: He has gone to Houston several times.

Past Tense: I was here last night.

Present Perfect: I have been here before.

Past Tense: I visited that museum when I was a child.

Present Perfect: I have visited that museum.

Structure in Affirmative Form

Subject have past

👩💼🙎 has participle

Complete the following using affirmative sentences and the verb in parentheses.
1. She _________________ three times at Las Alitas this month. (eat)
2. I ____________________ that movie like four times! (see)
3. Isaac ___________________ two cellphones this year. (have)
4. You ____________________ a great job these days. (do)
5. We __________________ to the beach three times. (go)
6. I ___________________ a horse only one time in my life. (ride)
7. Taylor ___________________ in five different companies the last 5 years. (work)
8. My wife ________________________ the house. (clean)
9. Sergio ___________________ video games many times. (play)
10. I ___________________ in USA two times. (be)

CONTRACTIONS
I have = I’ve She has = She’s
You have = You’ve He has = He’s
We have = We’ve It has = It’s
They have = They’ve
192
 Present Perfect
Adverbs of Time in Affirmative
many times once
several times twice
already a couple of times
since for

Write 5 sentences about what you have done. Use adverbs of time. Discuss with your
partners.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Write sentences using the Present Perfect Tense.

1. I / do / exercise
______________________________________
2. He / work / a lot
_______________________________________
3. I / send / you / e-mail
_______________________________________
4. There / be / an accident
_______________________________________
5. Danny / break / leg
_______________________________________
6. The exam / finish
________________________________________
7. He / see / that movie / before
________________________________________

193
 Present Perfect
Negative Sentences

Subject have not past

👩💼🙎
has not participle

CONTRACTIONS
I have not = I’ve not = I haven’t
You have not = You’ve not = You haven’t
We have not = We’ve not = We haven’t
They have not = They’ve not = They haven’t
She has not = She’s not = She hasn’t
He has not = He’s not = He hasn’t
It has not = It’s not = It hasn’t

Examples
Affirmative: I have been to Europe before.
Negative: I haven’t been to Europe before.

Affirmative: He has gone to USA.

Negative: He hasn’t gone to USA.

Exercise
Change the following sentences from affirmative to negative.

1. I have spoken to her.

Negative: __________________________________

2. He has visited us.

Negative: __________________________________

3. She has returned my book.

Neg: _______________________________________

4. They have gone there before.

Neg: _______________________________________

5. We have seen that show before.

Neg: _______________________________________
194
 Present Perfect
Interrogative Sentences

Have subject past

Has 👩💼🙎 participle

Examples: Have you gone to Canada?

Has she read that book?
Have they been to Europe?
Have you eaten yet?

Short Answers
Yes, I have / No, I haven’t
Yes, you have / No, you haven’t
Yes, we have / No, we haven’t
Yes, they have / No, they haven’t
Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t
Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t
Yes, it has / No, it hasn’t

Exercise
Change the following sentences from affirmative to interrogative form. Use short answers.

1. I have spoken to her.

Question: __________________________________ Answer:____________________

2. He has visited us.

Q: __________________________________ A: ________________________

3. She has returned my book.

Q: __________________________________ A: ________________________

4. They have gone there before.

Q: __________________________________ A: ________________________

5. We have seen that show before.

Q: __________________________________ A: ________________________
195
 Present Perfect
Already / Yet
1. Use the present perfect with already in affirmative statements to talk about
something that has happened before now.

Examples: I’ve already mailed the invitations.

Jenna has already met Carlos.

.Be careful! We do not usually use past time expressions with the present
-
perfect and already.

Example: Jenna has already met Carlos last month.

2. Already usually goes between have and the past participle, but you can also use it at
the end of the sentence.

Example: I’ve already eaten. or I’ve eaten already.

3. Use the present perfect with yet in negative statements to talk about something that
has not happened before now.

Example: I haven’t cleaned yet.

/It is possible that we expected something to have happened earlier, and it is still
0
possible that it will happened in the future.

Example: A: Jenna hasn’t called yet.

B: Oh, I’m sure we’ll hear from her later.

4. Yet usually goes at the end of the sentence.

Example: They haven’t arrived yet.

5. Use yet in questions to ask if something has happened before now.

Examples: Have you bought the soda yet?
1 Usage note: We sometimes use already in questions to express surprise that
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
something happened sooner than expected.
Example: Has Carlos arrived already? The party doesn’t start until 8:00!

196
6. For negative answers to yes/no questions, you can use haven’t or not yet.

Example: A: Has the party started yet?

B: No, it hasn’t. / No, not yet. / Not yet.

Read the first sentence. Then decide if the second sentence is True (T) or False
(F).

1. I’ve already given many parties.

_____ This will be my first party.

2. I haven’t baked the cake yet.

_____ I plan to bake a cake.

3. Have the guests arrived yet?

_____ I’m surprise that the guests are here.

4. Have you had a cup of tea yet?

_____ I don’t know if you had a cup of tea.

5. Carlos has already met my sister.

_____ I need to introduce Carlos to my sister.

Complete these conversations. Use the present perfect of the verbs in parentheses with
already or yet and short answers. Use contractions when possible.

1. A: This is a great party. _____________ you _____________ the cake __________?

(try)
B: _________, I ______________. But I’m going to have a piece now.

2. A: Jenna, I’d like you to meet my friend Carlos.

B: No, thanks. I ____________ ____________ ___________ him. Martha
introduced us.
(meet)

3. A: Would you like another cup of coffee?

B: No, thanks. I ___________ ___________ __________ three cups!
(have)

197
 Exercise 3

Read Rick’s party-planning checklist. Write statements about the things that he
has already done and the things that he hasn’t done yet. Use contractions when
possible.

1. _____________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________

4. _____________________________________________________________

5. _____________________________________________________________

6. _____________________________________________________________

7. _____________________________________________________________

8. _____________________________________________________________

9. _____________________________________________________________

10. _____________________________________________________________

198
Complete the questions in the conversation using the verbs in the chart.
make ride do eat go have be hear see try

199
200
Write sentences about each activity from Part A. Use already and yet
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________
6. ________________________________________________________________

201
 HAVE YOU EVER…?
$Use Have you ever + past participle verb to ask for something that once in your
life you did.

Examples: Have you ever ridden an elephant?

past participle

Have you ever sung in public?

past participle

Short Answers
Yes, I have / No, I haven’t or No, never.
Yes, you have / No, you haven’t or No, never.
Yes, we have / No, we haven’t or No, never.
Yes, they have / No, they haven’t or No, never.
Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t or No, never.
Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t or No, never.
Yes, it has / No, it hasn’t or No, never.

Exercise
Complete the following questions using the verb in parentheses. Use short answers
according to you.

1. Have you ever ___________ (eat) grasshoppers?

A: _______________________________________
2. Have you ever ___________ (see) a ghost?
A: _______________________________________
3. Have you ever ___________ (lose) something valuable?
A: _______________________________________
4. Have you ever ___________ (be) in the hospital?
A: _______________________________________
5. Have you ever ___________ (break) a bone?
A: _______________________________________

202
 Present Perfect vs. Simple Past
$Use the present perfect to talk about things that happened at an indefinite time in
the past.

Example:
They have seen that movie before.
(We don’t know exactly when they
saw the movie, and it’s not important.)

$ Use the simple past to talk about things that happened at a specific time in the
past. The exact time is known and sometimes stated.

Example:
They ate at Tim Hortons yesterday.
(We know exactly when they ate at
Tim Hortons.)

.Be careful! Do not use the

-
present perfect with specific point in time.
Examples: I ate at Tim Hortons yesterday. :
I’ve eaten at Tim Hortons yesterday. ;

+IMPORTANT NOTE: If you answer positively to a question with HAVE YOU

*
)
EVER…?
You must answer Yes, I have + simple past.

Examples: Have you ever eaten sushi?

Yes, I have. I ate sushi last month.
simple past

Have you ever gotten a traffic ticket?

Yes, I have. I got a traffic ticket last Saturday night.
simple past

Have you ever been to Canada?

Yes, I have. I went to Canada last winter.
simple past

203
204
Now, write your own answers to the questions from the activity above. Use
expressions like the ones from the following list.
Yes, I have. I _____ yesterday. No, I haven’t. I’ve never ____
I _____ on Monday. I _____ yet.
1. __________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________________
7. __________________________________________________________

205
 Conversation Practice
Ask the following questions to a classmate. Use the correct form. Add 3 more questions.

Have you ever… Classmate’s answers

…be on TV?
…forget your mother’s birthday?
…cheat on an exam?
…eat brains?
…go to a concert?
…meet a celebrity?
…travel alone?
…make a cake?
…ride a horse?
…lose money?

206
 Since & For
1. Use the present perfect with since and for to talk about something that began in the
past and continuous into the present (and may continue into the future).

Examples: Bob has been a skater since 2012.

(Bob became a skater in 2012, and he’s
still a skater.)

He has been a skater for many years.

(He became a skater many years ago, and he
is still a skater.)

2. Use since + point in time (since yesterday, since 5:00, since Monday, since 2007) to
show when something started.

Examples: He has won many contests since 2007.

I’ve lived here since last year.

9Note: Since can also introduce a time clause.

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Examples: He has loved sports since he was a child.

3. Use for + length of time (for 10 minutes, for two weeks, for years, for a long time) to show
how long something has lasted.

Example: I’ve lived here for six months.

(I still live here.)

I lived here for six months.

(I lived here, but I don’t live here
anymore.)

207
Complete the following sentences using since or for.
1. She has lived in New York _________ six years.
2. They have worked _______ 2005.
3. The weather has been awful _________ the beginning of the year.
4. We haven’t had a holiday ________ Easter.
5. They have been boyfriends _________ they were at high school.
6. I haven’t eaten ________ the morning.
7. I haven’t eaten ________ 10 hours.
8. You haven’t gone to the doctor for a check-up ________ the last year.
9. I have had my cellphone _________ two years.
10 We’ve been married _________ 2010.

Answer the following questions about yourself. Use for or since in your answers.

1. How long have you studied English? (for)

___________________________________________

2. How long have you known your best friend? (since)

___________________________________________

3. How long have you lived in your house or apartment? (for)

___________________________________________

4. How long have you had your cellphone? (since)

___________________________________________

5. How long have you lived in this town or city? (for)

___________________________________________

6. How long have you known your classmates? (since)

___________________________________________

208
209
 Writing
Write an email to someone you haven’t seen for a long time. Include three things
you’ve done since you last saw the person. Use at least. 80 words.

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

210
Time to Speak!

211
 Reading Comprehension

Read the article. Choose the words to complete the sentences. There are three extra
words.

RIVERBOAT TOURS
Have you ever gone on a riverboat tour? Here are some exciting tours.
The Amazon
Tour the Amazon jungle in a riverboat. You will see amazing plants and animals. The
Manatee Amazon Explorer is one boat you can take. It goes on the Napo River in
Ecuador.
Paris
Paris is a beautiful city, and it’s great to see it from the Seine River. You will learn about
the history of Paris. On some boats, you can eat lunch or dinner. Bateaux Mouches is a
boat company that has given tours for over 60 years.
Egypt
From a boat on the Nile River, you can see pyramids and the desert. Sonesta is a boat
company, and it has nine different boats that go on the Nile River. It’s a great way to
see Egypt.

Egypt Paris buildings cities desert

history octopus plants the Amazon

1. The Manatee Explorer goes to ______________________

2. You will see ___________________ on the Amazon boat tour.

3. Bateaux Mouches is a boat company in __________________________.

4. You will learn about ______________________ on the Paris boat tour.

5. Sonesta is a boat company in __________________________.

6. You will see the ________________ and the pyramids on the Nile boat tour.

© Cambridge University Press and UCLES 2018

212
Unit 10 Self-Assessment

213
 UNIT 11 – IT’S A REALLY NICE CITY.
Learning Objectives: You will discuss about hometowns, cities and countries. You will
learn how to use adverbs, adjectives and conjunctions. You will also learn how to
use can and should to discuss popular vacations places.

214
UNIT 11 – IT’S A REALLY NICE CITY.

215
Vocabulary Practice 1

ugly

Vocabulary Practice 2

216
CONVERSATION It’s so relaxing!

ADVERBS BEFORE ADJECTIVES

Intensifiers
$An adverb (very, really, extremely, etc) is used to modify an adjective. These words
are also called intensifiers. The intensifiers mentioned above are presented in order of
their strength, from strongest to weakest.

Adverbs Examples:
extremely Mexico City is an extremely large and crowded place.
very / really New York is a very expensive city.
pretty The weather in Mexico City is really nice.
fairly / somewhat San Antonio is a pretty big city.
My hometown is somewhat dangerous.

" Too means “more than you want/need”, so we can usually use it with negative adjectives.
Examples: Alaska is too cold in the winter.
Your hometown is too dangerous at night.
Singapore is too expensive to live.

217
Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.

1. My sister likes this painting, but I think it’s (really / somewhat) ugly. I hate it!

2. There isn’t any room to walk here. It’s (extremely / somewhat) crowded.

3. Matt likes this restaurant, but it’s (too / fairly) noisy for me.

4. The car doesn’t cost too much, but it’s still (very / pretty) expensive.

5. I can’t drink my coffee because it’s (fairly / too) hot.

6. The soup was tasty, but (extremely / somewhat) salty.

7. I love going to Cancun, I think its beaches are (too / very) beautiful.

218
 CONJUNCTIONS
and, but, though & however
$Use and to connect two positive or negative ideas.
Examples:
Monterrey is a big city and its food is delicious.
Toronto is an exciting city and the weather is great.
That city is ugly and the weather is terrible.

$Use but, though and however to connect a positive and negative idea.
Examples:
It’s very safe during the day, but it’s pretty dangerous at night.
The summers are hot. The evenings are fairly cold, though.
It is a fairly large city. It’s not too interesting, however.

+Note: though and however are placed at the end of the sentence.
*
)
More examples:

The house isn’t very big. I like the garden, though. (but I like the garden)
I see him every day. I’ve never spoken to him, though. (but I’ve never spoken to him)

Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.

1. Tokyo is a big city (and / though) it’s very clean.

2. Moscow is a cold city, (and / but) it’s not too cold for me.

3. I live in a safe city. I’m careful at night, (however / but).

4. It rains a lot in Seattle. Some days it’s sunny, (and / though).

5. Monterrey is a beautiful city. The weather is terrible, (but / though).

6. New York is an amazing city, (and / but) it’s really expensive.

7. Paris is a lovely city (but / and) its food is tasty.

219
Choose the correct conjunctions and rewrite the sentences.

220
221
 WRITING
Write about interesting places for tourists to visit in your hometown. Use at least
80 words.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

222
223
 Modal Verbs
Can / Should

$Use Can and Should with the base form of the verbs.
$Use Can and Should to ask for and give advice or suggestions.

Wh-Questions Structure
Wh-Questions modal subject verb (base form) (complement)?
What can I do in Monterrey?
What can tourists do?

Sentence Structure
Subject modal (not) verb (base form) complement
You can go to Fundidora Park.
Tourists can't miss La Cola de Caballo.

Wh-Questions Structure
Wh-Questions modal subject verb (base form) (complement)?
What should I visit in Mexico City?
What should we do first?

Sentence Structure
Subject modal (not) verb (base form) complement
You should visit the historic center.
We shouldn't miss Chapultepec Castle.

Complete the following conversations using can, can’t, should or shouldn’t.

1. A: We are planning to go to Cancun, but we __________ decide which tours we
_________ take.
B: You ______________ go to Xcaret Park. It’s a huge archeological site.

2. A: What ______________ I visit in Monterrey?

B: You _____________ visit the viewpoint “El Obispado”.

3. A: ___________ I walk around Monterrey downtown.

B: Yes, but you _____________ be alone late at night, it’s quite dangerous.

224
225
226
227
Time to Speak!

228
 Reading Comprehension

Read the article. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

The Ugly Club

Piobbico is a very small town in Italy. It only has a population of 2,000 people. It has one
big event, though. It’s called the Festival of the Ugly. The festival is in September every
year, and it’s for the World Association of Ugly People. That’s when the club picks a
president. The president was Telesforo Iacobelli for many years. When he died in 2007,
his daughter became the president of the club.

People say the club started in 1879. They aren’t sure when it ended, but it started again
about 40 years ago. The club has a funny name, but it does important things. Members
of the club work hard so that people are not given jobs based on appearance. They want
people to know that being beautiful isn’t just about the way you look. They say, “A person
is what he is and not what he looks like.”

Although Piobbico is a small town, the club is fairly large. There are now 20,000 members
around the world. This happened because of the Internet and social networking sites.

1. (Piobbico / Iacobbeli) is a town in Italy.

2. The Festival of the Ugly is in (September / October).

3. The club is called the (Festival / World) Association of Ugly People.

4. Members of the club don’t think people should get jobs based on their (appearance /
work).

5. The club is pretty (large / small).

229
Unit 11 Self-Assessment

230
 UNIT 12 – I HAVE A TERRIBLE COLD.
Learning Objectives: You will discuss about health. You will learn how to use an
adjective + infinitive and noun + infinitive. You will also learn how to use can, could
and may to give suggestions about health.

231
UNIT 12 – VOCABULARY

232
Vocabulary Practice 1

233
Vocabulary Practice 2

234
Vocabulary Practice 3

235
 Adjective + infinitive / Noun + infinitive
Suggestions
. Remember that we use SHOULD + base form of the verb for giving suggestions.
-
(Unit 11)

Examples: A: What should I do for a cold?

B: You should get a lot of rest.
B: You should eat garlic soup.
B: You should take some vitamin C.

$We can also give suggestions using an adjective + infinitive or a noun + infinitive.
Adjective Infinitive Complement
It’s useful to get a lot of rest.
It’s helpful to eat garlic soup.
It’s good to take some vitamin C.

Noun Infinitive Complement

It’s important to drink lots of liquids.
It’s a good idea to put some ointment on it.
It’s essential to use eyedrops.

More examples:

It’s important to It’s helpful to

What should I do
take an aspirin. drink herbal tea.
for a headache?

It’s a good idea

to get rest.

236
.Important Note
-

Examples:

For a stomachache, it’s important not to eat spicy food.

For an insomnia, it’s useful not to drink coffee.

237
238
What should these people buy? Give advice. Use containers and medicine.

239
240
 Modals
Can / Could / May
$Use the base form of the verbs with modals.
$Use Can or May as an offer of help.
Example:
May / Can
I help you?

%Note: May is more

$
formal than Can.

" Use can, could and may to make a request, but may is the most formal.
%Request: an act of asking politely
$
or formally for something.
Structure
Modal Subject Verb (base form) Complement?
Can I have a box of cough drops?
Could I have something for a cough?
May I have a bottle of aspirin?

$ Use should, could and why don’t you…? + base form of the verb to give
suggestions.
Examples: You could try this lotion.
You should get some skin cream.
Why don’t you try this new ointment?

241
Choose the correct words to complete the conversations.

Pharmacist: Hello. (Should / Can) I help you?

Chloe: Yes, you can. (Could / Should) I have something for my skin?

Pharmacist: What’s wrong with your skin?

Chloe: I got too much sun. What do you (suggest / try) for a burn?

Pharmacist: You (should / may) get this ointment.

Chloe: OK. Can I use it every day?

Pharmacist: Yes. You (should / may) put it on in the morning and at night.

Chloe: Thanks. And what do you (try / have) for a cold? I think I'm getting sick. I have a

sore throat.

Pharmacist: (Suggest / Try) these cough drops. They're really good. And you (should

/ can) get a lot of rest.

Chloe: Great. (Should / Could) I have two boxes of those cough drops?

Pharmacist: Sure, no problem!

242
Check the correct sentences to make conversations.

243
Prepositions Review

244
 Writing
Write about a sickness. Describe it. What are the symptoms? What are the
remedies? What do people should do? Use at least 80 words.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

245
Time to Speak!

246
 Reading Comprehension

Read the article. Underline the word or phrase that does NOT belong.

The Power of Herbal Tea

Herbal tea has been used as a remedy for thousands of years. Herbal tea is good for
aches and pains. Some herbal teas are good for stomachaches. Herbal tea can make
you feel better if you’ve eaten too much. Peppermint tea is excellent for stomachaches.
It doesn’t replace toothpaste, but it also makes your mouth fresh! Herbal tea can also help
with headaches. Herbal tea with ginger works well for headaches.
Herbal tea won’t cure health problems, but it can make you feel better. Put honey in herbal
tea to make a sore throat feel better. Some teas help lower your body heat when you
have a fever.
Herbal tea can also help you relax if you are stressed. Chamomile tea is very calming.
Herbal tea even helps insomnia. Drink it at night to help you sleep.
Herbal teas can help many minor problems. However, you should see a doctor for serious
problems.

1. Herbal tea is good for _______________.

• stomachaches
• headaches
• toothaches

2. Herbal tea can make you feel better when you have __________________.
• a sunburn
• a fever
• a sore throat

3. Herbal tea can help you _____.

• relax
• wake up
• sleep

4. Use herbal tea for _____.

• minor problems
• serious problems
• aches and pains

247
Unit 12 Self-Assessment

248
 UNIT 13 – I CAN EAT ANY KIND OF FOOD
Learning Objectives: You will discuss about food. You will learn how to use so, too,
neither and either to agree or disagree. You will also learn how to use would, and will
to order food.

249
UNIT 13 – VOCABULARY

250
Vocabulary Practice 1

Vocabulary Practice 2

251
 Vocabulary Practice 3
Complete the sentences. Write the missing words. Use the words in the list.

252
Vocabulary Practice 4

253
So, Too, Either & Neither
Affirmative Sentences

254
 AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES

Write responses for the following sentences according to you.

1. I love plum. _______________________
2. I like fish. _________________________
3. I like coffee. _______________________
4. I enjoy corn. _______________________
5. I hate onions. ______________________
6. I am thirsty. ________________________
7. I am tired of bananas. ____________________
8. I’m crazy about chocolate. ___________________
9. I am in the mood of sushi in this moment. _____________________
10. I can eat any kind of food. ______________________
11. I can drink tequila. ________________________
12. I can eat 8 tacos. _______________________

255
So, Too, Either & Neither
Negative Sentences

256
 NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Write responses for the following sentences according to you.
1. I don’t like onion rings. ______________________
2. I don’t like milk. ________________________
3. I don’t like beef. _______________________
4. I don’t like seafood. _______________________
5. I can’t stand spicy food. ______________________
6. I am not in the mood of tacos.
________________________
7. I don’t like tomatoes. _____________________
8. I can’t stand greasy food. _______________________
9. I am not in the mood of eggs. ____________________________
10. I don’t like coffee. _____________________

Write responses for the following affirmative and negative sentences according to you.
1. I don’t like peas. ________________________
2. I love pineapples. _____________________
3. I enjoy cherries. _______________________
4. I enjoy avocado. ________________________
5. I don’t like pomegranates. _______________________
6. I’m not hungry. ____________________________
7. I am tired of tacos. ________________________
8. I’m not in the mood of spaghetti. ______________________
9. I am crazy about chicken.___________________________
10. I can eat 5 slices of pizza. _______________________
11. I can eat 5 hot dogs. ______________________
12. I can eat all day long. ________________________
13. I can’t eat very late. _____________________
14. I can’t stand broccoli. _______________________
15. I don’t like seafood. ________________________

257
258
259
260
261
262
Choose the correct words to complete the conversations.

1. A: What (would / do) you like?

B: I’ll have the octopus.

2. A: What would you (have / like) to drink?

B: I’d like a coffee with milk, please.

3. A: (Do / Would) you like anything else?

B: No, thank you.

4. A: What would you like?

B: (I’d / I’ll) have the chicken.

5. A: What would you like to order?

B: (I’d / I’ll) like a small pizza, please.

6. A: Would you like anything else?

B: No, thank you. (It’ll / That’ll) be all.

263
264
 Writing
Write a review about a restaurant, café or food truck where you have eaten recently. Answer at least
five questions from the list and add ideas of your own. Use at least 80 words.
What’s the name of the place? What did you have to drink?
When did you go there? Did you order dessert?
What time did you go? What did you like about the place?
Who did you go with? What didn’t you like about the place?
What did you have to eat? Would you recommend it? Why or Why not?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

265
Time to Speak!

266
 Reading Comprehension
Read the menu. Then read the sentences. Are they True or False?

Sam’s Spot
Starters
Sam’s Salad: Lettuce with strawberries and blue cheese dressing
Seafood Salad: Large shrimp and grilled octopus over lettuce with a lemon vinaigrette
Soup of the Day: Today’s soups are pea soup and corn chowder.

Main Dishes
All main dishes come with white or wheat bread.
Lovely Lamb: Lamb with a spicy sauce served with rice and peas
Chicken Delight: Chicken with a mango sauce served with mashed potatoes and corn
Fish of the Day: Today’s fish is salmon served with rice and beans.

1. Sam’s salad has mangoes on it. (True / False)

2. Pea soup is one of the soups of the day. (True / False)

3. The lamb isn’t spicy. (True / False)

4. The chicken comes with mango juice. (True / False)

5. The lamb and the chicken come with a vegetable. (True / False)

6. The desserts come with chocolate or apple ice cream. (True / False)

7. You can have apple or mango juice at the restaurant. (True / False)

267
Unit 13 Self-Assessment

268
 UNIT 14 – IT’S THE LARGEST COUNTRY!
Learning Objectives: You will discuss about world geography. You will learn how to
use comparative and superlative forms of adjectives You will also discuss about
distances, measurements, and places using questions with how.

269
UNIT 14 – VOCABULARY

270
Vocabulary Practice 1

271
Vocabulary Practice 2

272
 Vocabulary Practice 3

Fill in the blanks with the words in the box.

Ocean volcanoes Mountains beaches

forest islands waterfalls

There are many things to do in nature in Ecuador. You can hike in the high Andes
__________. You can hike some __________, too, because they won’t erupt, but others
are dangerous, and you can’t go on them. You can also see beautiful old trees and
interesting wildlife as you walk through the ___________ near towns like Mindo. You can
visit _________ surrounded by the water of the Pacific _____________. You can sit in
the sun on beautiful sandy ____________ and listen to the waves. In towns like Otavalo,
there are beautiful ____________ that go into long rivers.

273
Comparatives

274
 Practice 1
Fill in the blanks. Use the adjective in parentheses in the comparative form.

Practice 2
Complete the sentences using a comparative.
1. Helen’s car isn’t very big. She wants a bigger one.
2. My job isn’t very interesting. I want to do something ______________.
3. You’re not very tall. Your brother is__________________.
4. David doesn’t work very hard. I work _______________.
5. My chair isn’t very comfortable. Yours is _____________.
6. Your idea isn’t very good. My idea is ________________.
7. These flowers aren’t very nice. The blue ones are _____________.
8. My bag isn’t very heavy. Your bag is __________________.
9. I’m not very interested in art. I’m __________________ in history.
10. It isn’t very warm today. It was ____________ yesterday.

275
 SUPERLATIVES

$ You can use superlative + I’ve ever…/ you´ve ever… etc.:

<The film was very bad. I think it’s the worst film I’ve ever seen.
< What is the most unusual thing you’ve ever done?

276
 Practice 1
Fill in the blanks. Use the adjective in parentheses in the comparative form.

Practice 2
Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (the oldest etc.)
1.The building is very old. It’s the oldest building in the town.
2. It was a very happy day. It was ____________________________of my life.
3. It´s a very good film. It’s __________________I’ve ever seen.
4. She´s a very popular singer. She´s _____________in the country.
5. It was a very bad mistake. It was _________________I’ve ever made.
6. It´s a pretty village. It’s ______________I’ve ever seen.
7. It was a very cold day. It was ______________________of the year.
8. He´s a very boring person. He’s ________________I’ve ever met.

277
Complete the following chart using comparative form of adjectives.
Adjective Comparative form Superlative form
1. dry
2. happy
3. cold
4. beautiful
5. awesome
6. hot
7. deep
8. clean
9. crowded
10.far
11. high
12. good
13. big
14. busy
15. cheap
16. expensive
17. pretty
18. dangerous
19. bad
20. famous
21. cool
22. dirty
23. wet
24. exciting
25. tall

278
Complete the conversations. Write the comparative or superlative of the correct
adjective in the list. Remember to use the or than when necessary.

crowded dry expensive high long

1. A: Which river is _________________, the Nile or the Amazon?

B: The Nile is _________________ the Amazon.

2. A: Which mountain is ______________________, K2 or Everest?

B: Everest is _____________________ K2.

3. A: What’s the _____________________ desert in the world?

B: The Atacama Desert is ________________ desert in the world.

4. A: What’s ________________ trip you’ve taken?

B: _______________ trip I took was going to Australia.

5. A: Which city is __________________, Shanghai or Llasa?

B: Shanghai is ___________________ Llasa. Actually, Llasa is a pretty relaxing city.

279
Complete using comparative and superlative adjectives.

280
281
 Questions with How

$Use How far to ask about distance.

Example: How far is Houston from Monterrey?
It’s about 750 kilometers. (466 miles)

$Use How big to ask about territory size.

Example: How big is Texas?
It’s 696,200 square kilometers. (268,820 square miles)

$Use How high to ask about mountains and waterfalls.

Example: How high is Mount Everest?
It’s 8,848 meters high. (29,029 feet)

$Use How tall ask about buildings.

Example: How tall is the Empire State building?
It’s 381 meters tall. (1,250 feet)

$Use How deep to ask about depth.

Example: How deep is the Grand Canyon?
It’s about 1,900 meters deep. (6,250 feet)

$Use How long to ask about length.

Example: How long is the Amazon River?
It’s about 6.992 kilometers long. (4,345
miles)

$Use How hot / cold to ask about temperature.

Examples: How hot Monterrey in the summer?
It gets up to about 40◦ Celsius. (104◦ Fahrenheit)

How cold is it in the winter?

It goes down to about 5◦ Celsius. (41◦ Fahrenheit)

282
Complete the conversations. Choose the correct questions. There are four extra
questions.

How big is Easter Island? How cold is Anchorage in the winter?

How deep is the Atlantic Ocean? How deep is Lake Titicaca?
How high is Mount Everest? How far is New York from Los Angeles?
How hot is Cyprus in the summer? How long is the Amazon River?

1. Diana: See if you know the answers to this quiz.

Blanca: OK.

Diana: ______________________________________________________

Blanca: It’s about 8,850 meters high.

Diana: Right. Next . . . _________________________________________

Blanca: It’s about 163 square kilometers.

Diana: Right again!

2. Diana: OK, let’s keep going. _______________________________________________

Blanca: Let’s see . . . It’s about 500 meters deep.

Diana: Yes! Last question . . . _________________________________________________

Blanca: That’s easy! It goes down to about -10º C.

Diana: Incredible! How do you know all of these answers?

Blanca: I’m looking them up on my phone!

© Cambridge University Press and UCLES 2020

283
284
285
 Writing
Write an article about a place in your country or in another country that you think
tourists would like to visit. Describe a place from the list. Use at least 80 words.
a) a beach e) a mountain
b) a desert f) a river
c) an island g) a volcano
d) a lake h) a waterfall

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

286
Time to Speak!

287
 Reading Comprehension

Read the email. Then choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

Hello Tuyen,
I’m having a great time in Croatia. I’m visiting Šibenik, the city where my grandmother
used to live. The streets are amazing. They are made of rock, and they’re the oldest
streets I’ve ever seen! They aren’t straight at all! They have a lot of turns and curves in
them.
Yesterday we were in Dubrovnik. It’s on the coast, but there aren’t any beaches. The
buildings are on hills right next to the water. There are rocks by the sea, but there aren’t
any sandy beaches.
We started the trip in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia. It was more crowded than Šibenik,
but Dubrovnik was the most crowded city we visited. Zagreb is very interesting. We went
to parks, a museum, and a lot of outdoor restaurants. We couldn’t drive because we didn’t
have a car. We walked and took the streetcars to get around.
The weather has been really nice here. It’s been hot during the day and warm at night. It
gets up to about 25º C during the day, and it only goes down to about 20º C at night.
Croatia is very close to Italy, so we might take a boat to Pescara tomorrow. I’ll try to speak
Italian there!
Your friend,
Ian

1. The first place Ian went in Croatia was (Šibenik / Zagreb / Dubrovnik).

2. Ian’s (mother / grandfather / grandmother) lived in Šibenik.

3. (Šibenik / Zagreb / Dubrovnik) is the capital of Croatia.

4. Dubrovnik was the most (crowded / amazing / interesting) city in Croatia.

5. The weather gets up to (20◦C / 23◦C / 25◦C).

6. The weather goes down to (20◦C / 23◦C / 25◦C) at night.

7. Ian might take a (streetcar / boat / car) to Italy.

© Cambridge University Press and UCLES 2022

288
Unit 14 Self-Assessment

289
 UNIT 15 – WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO?
Learning Objectives: You will discuss about activities and plans. You will learn how to
use present continuous, be going to, and time expressions You will also learn how
to leave messages using tell and ask.

290
UNIT 15 – VOCABULARY

291
Vocabulary Practice 1

Vocabulary Practice 2

292
 Vocabulary Practice 3
Write each excuse with the correct picture.

I can’t find a babysitter. I have to stay home with my new puppy.

I have to work then. I have a class that night.
My favorite show is on that night. My parents are visiting from out of town.
I have to get up early the next morning. I’m not feeling well.

293
294
 FUTURE
Be Going To
&Notice the structure for “be going to” in affirmative form.
Subject be going to verb complement
I am going to work tomorrow.
She is going to do exercise next Friday.
We are going to watch a movie tonight.

Time expressions "Note: In spoken English people

#
tonight usually pronounce “gonna” instead
tomorrow of “going to”.
on Friday
next Saturday
this weekend

Complete the following sentences using “be going to” and the verb in parentheses.
1. Karen _________________________ (take) an exam tomorrow.
2. Amy and her boyfriend __________________ (have) dinner at a Chinese restaurant.
3. They ________________________ (graduate) in one month.
4. Lucia and her roommate ______________________ (move) next week.
5. Max and Debbie __________________________ (get married) on April 3rd.
6. I ___________________ (hang out) with my friends tomorrow night.

&Notice the structure for “be going to” in negative form.

Subject 👩💼🙎 be going to verb complement
I am not going to work tomorrow.
She isn’t going to do exercise next Friday.
We aren't going to watch a movie tonight.

Change the sentences from Exercise 1 to negative form.

1. _________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________

295
 FUTURE
Be Going To
$Notice the structure for “be going to” in question form.
Be subject 👩💼🙎 going to verb complement
Are you going to work tomorrow?
Is she going to do exercise next Friday?
Are we going to watch a movie tonight?

Short Answers
Yes, I am / No, I’m not
Yes, he is / No, he isn’t
Yes, she is / No, she isn’t
Yes, we are / No, we aren’t
Yes, they are / No, they aren’t

Change the sentences from Exercise 1 to question form. Use short answers.
1. _________________________________________ A: _______________________
2. _________________________________________ A: _______________________
3. _________________________________________ A: _______________________
4. _________________________________________ A: _______________________
5. _________________________________________ A: _______________________
6. _________________________________________ A: _______________________

Answer the following questions according to you. Compare them with your classmates.

1. Are you going to eat out tonight? _______________________

2. Are you going to go to the movies this week? _______________________
3. Are you going to have an exam soon? _______________________
4. Are you going to go to a party this weekend? _______________________
5. Are you going to wake up early tomorrow? _______________________
6. Are you going to hang out with your friends tomorrow? _______________________
7. Are you going to have a get-together with your family this weekend?______________
8. Are you going to sleep early tonight? _______________________
9. Are you going to have a haircut soon? _______________________
10. Are you going to travel soon? _______________________

296
 FUTURE
Be Going To
$Notice the structure for “be going to” in wh-question form.
Wh Be subject going to verb complement
👩💼🙎
What are you going to do tomorrow?
Where is she going to do exercise next Friday?
When are we going to watch a movie?

Write wh-questions using “be going to”.

1. What / he / make
__What is he going to make?____________

2. Why / you / cook / so much food

___________________________________

3. What / you / do / tomorrow

___________________________________

4. What movie / they / watch

___________________________________

5. When / you / finish school

___________________________________

Speaking
Ask the following questions to a classmate. Try to keep up the conversation.
1. What are you going to do tonight?
2. What are you going to do next weekend?
3. What are you going to have for dinner?
4. What are going to do next Friday night?
5. What are you going to do on your next birthday?
6. What time are you going to get up tomorrow?

297
Read Joe’s calendar and write about his plans each day. Use “be going to”.

298
 Future
Present Continuous
$Use the present continuous to talk about something that is happening now. (Unit 5)
Example: A: What are you doing?
B: I’m studying right now.

$You can also use the present continuous to talk about future.
Example: A: What are you doing tomorrow?
%Note: It’s important to use time
$
B: I’m working tomorrow.
expressions in the future with
present continuous.

Write P if the sentence is in present continuous. Write F if the sentence is in

future.

1. Where is he going next week? _________

2. Where is he going? _________

3. I’m doing my homework. _________

4. We’re not having a meeting on Monday. _________

5. They’re moving in three weeks. _________

6. Are you having dinner? _________

7. Are you leaving soon? _________

8. The children are not sleeping. _________

9. Where are you going on the weekend? _________

10. Why is he coming? _________

299
Choose the correct words to complete the conversations.

1. A: What is Janice doing tonight?

B: She (are going / ‘s going / ‘m going) bowling.

2. A: What are Su Ho and Mark doing tomorrow?

B: They (‘re staying / ‘s staying / stay) home.

3. A: Are you doing anything tomorrow?

B: No, (I am / I’m not / I’m staying)

4. A: Is Carlos working this weekend?

B: Yes, he (aren’t / is / isn’t)

5. A: What is Jing going to do next week?

B: She’s (going to working / go to work / going
to work)

6. A: (Is / Are / Do) your cousin going to the concert tomorrow?

B: No, he isn’t.

7. A: What are Juan and Maria (doing / do / to do) on Saturday?

B: They’re visiting their parents.

8. A: What is Lucinda going (to do / do / doing) tonight?

B: She’s going to watch her favorite show.

300
301
302
 Messages with tell and ask
$ Messages with a statement
A Message: The meeting is on Friday.
@
?
>
=
Tell person (that) the statement (message)
Please tell her that the meeting is on Friday.
Could you tell her that the meeting is on Friday?
Would you tell her that the meeting is on Friday?

$ Messages with a request

A Message: Call me this afternoon.
@
?
>
=
Ask person to the request (message)
Please ask him to call me this afternoon.
Could you ask him to call me this afternoon?
Would you ask him to call me this afternoon?

Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. Could you please (ask / asking / to ask) Greg (to call / call / calls) me?

2. Would you (asking / to ask / ask) your brother (to bring / brings / bring) some
extra money?

3. Could you (tell / telling / to tell) Jeff that the volleyball game (start / starts / to
start) at 7:00?

4. Please (telling / tell / to tell) your brother that the ticket to the rock concert (cost /
costs / to cost) $45.

5. Please ( to ask / ask / asking) Janet (buys / buy / to buy) some milk at the store.

6. Please (asking / ask / to ask) Jim (be / to be / is) at the restaurant at 6:00.

7. Please (to tell / tell / telling) Ingrid that my birthday party (is / be / to be) on
Saturday.

303
304
305
 Writing
Write about your plans for today, tomorrow, next week or vacations. Use at least
80 words.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

306
Time to Speak!

307
 Reading Comprehension
Read the messages. Then read the sentences. Are they True or False?

Drew’s Messages

10:00 A.M.
Mr. Anderson called. He said the meeting at 3:00 was cancelled. The meeting is on
Monday at 2:00 now.

11:30 A.M.
Your sister called. She isn’t going to go to the concert tonight. Please ask your friend
Joe if he wants her ticket.

12:10 P.M.
Ms. Becker called. She wants your report on Tuesday morning. Please remember to
type it.

1:15 P.M.
Martin called. Please meet him at Sam’s Spot at 6:00 P.M. After dinner, he is going to
drive to the concert. You can leave your car at the restaurant until the concert is over.

1:30 P.M.
Ming Xu called. He wants to come at fix your computer at 4:00 today. He’ll call you
again at 2:00.

1. The 3:00 meeting is not happening today. (True / False)

2. Drew’s sister wants to give her ticket to Drew. (True / False)

3. Drew needs to type his report. (True / False)

4. Drew is driving to the concert. (True / False)

5. Ming can fix Drew’s computer at 2:00. (True / False)

© Cambridge University Press and UCLES 2020

308
Unit 15 Self-Assessment

309
 UNIT 16 – HAVE YOU CHANGED YOUR HAIR?
Learning Objectives: You will discuss about changes in person’s life. You will review
comparative, the present, the past and the present perfect. You will talk about plans
for the future using verb + infinitive.

310
UNIT 16 – VOCABULARY

311
Vocabulary Practice 1

Vocabulary Practice 2

312
 Vocabulary Practice 3

Complete the sentences. Write the missing words. Use the words in the box.

changed fell got graduated

had moved traveled turned

1. Ignacio _________________________ from school last week.

2. Alison ___________________________ a part-time job at the supermarket.

3. I __________________________ schools last year.

4. Fei and Yuan _______________________ overseas last winter.

5. Joanna and Drew ________________________ in love in 2004.

6. Mehmet ________________________ to Chicago in June.

7. Kevin and Katie ______________________ their children in the 1980s.

8. Camila _______________________________ 18 in February.

313
314
 TENSES REVIEW
Complete the following sentences using the correct tenses.

VERB “BE”
1. You ___________ hungry. (be)
Neg: ___________________________________________
Q: _____________________________________________
A: _____________________________________________
Wh-Q: _________________________________________

SIMPLE PRESENT
2. Rocio _____________ at the airport every day. (work)
Neg: ___________________________________________
Q: _____________________________________________
A: _____________________________________________
Wh-Q: _________________________________________

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
3. They ____________________ exercise right now. (do)
Neg: ___________________________________________
Q: _____________________________________________
A: _____________________________________________
Wh-Q: _________________________________________

SIMPLE PAST
4. She ______________ to the movies yesterday. (go)
Neg: ___________________________________________
Q: _____________________________________________
A: _____________________________________________
Wh-Q: _________________________________________

PRESENT PERFECT
5. I ________________ to the beach three times. (go)
Neg: ___________________________________________
Q: _____________________________________________ have Past
A: _____________________________________________ has Participle
Wh-Q: __________________________________________

FUTURE “BE GOING TO”

5. You ____________________ a meeting tomorrow. (have)
Neg: ___________________________________________
Q: _____________________________________________
A: _____________________________________________
Wh-Q: __________________________________________
315
Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. (I changed / I’ve changed) my hair three times this year!

2. (I’m / I’m not) in school anymore.

3. (I’ve gotten / I got) married in October.

4. My hair (is longer / is longest) now.

5. (I’ve fallen / I fall) in love with my best friend’s sister.

6. My house (is closer / was closer) to my parent’s house now.

7. (I move / I moved) to Miami last month.

8. (I wear / I’ve worn) suits to work now.

316
317
318
319
320
321
 Writing
How have you changed? Write about yourself from five years in the past to now,
and your plans for the future. Use simple past, simple present, present perfect
and future. Use at least 80 words.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

322
Time to Speak!

323
 Reading Comprehension

Read the article. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

Big Changes

When students get jobs after college, they often make big changes. They often change
the way they dress. At school, many students wear jeans and T-shirts. At work, they have
to wear pants, skirts, and suits with a sweater or button-down shirt. Instead of sneakers,
they may wear dress shoes to work. Dan Meyers said, “I’ve worn casual clothing for
several years. Next month, I’ll start my job as a teacher at a high school. I need to buy a
lot of new clothes to wear to work.”

They also may change their appearance. Their hair is often neater at work than it was in
school. Ian Parks grew a long beard in college. He plans to work in a hospital. He said, “I
know I can’t have a long beard when I get a job as a nurse.”

Many people often change their lifestyles when they get a job after college. They have
more money than they did before. They usually buy cars and get new apartments. Andrea
Garcia said, “I just started a job in an office. I plan to move to a new apartment with my
friend. I hope to get a car in about a month.”

Students often change after they finish school. Most of them think the changes are for the
better.

1. After students graduate from college, they often get a (home / family / job).

2. Dan Meyers will be a (teacher / student / nurse) in a month.

3. Dan needs to buy (casual clothes / new clothes / new T-shirts) for his job.

4. People often have (neat / short / modern) hairstyles for work.

5. Ian Parks grew a (long / neat / new) beard in college.

6. Ian got a job as a (office work / nurse / teacher).

7. Andrea Garcia works in (a school / an office / a hospital).

8. Andrea plans to move to a new (city / apartment / school).

324
Unit 16 Self-Assessment

325
GRAMMAR REFERENCES

IRREGULAR VERBS

326
327
PLURAL NOUNS

IRREGULAR PLURAL NOUNS

328
PARTS OF SPEECH

PRESENT TENSES

329
PAST TENSES
Verb “be” Other verbs
I was worked
You were worked
He
She was worked
It
You were worked
We were worked
They were worked

FUTURE TENSES
BE GOING TO WILL
I am going to work will work
You are going to work will work
He
She is going to work will work
It
You are going to work will work
We are going to work will work
They are going to work will work

MODAL VERBS

330
FORMING NEGATIVES

331
COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES

SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES

332
PREPOSITIONS

333
PUNCTUATION

334
 IDIOMS AND SAYINGS
IDIOMS MEANING EXAMPLE
1. A fuddy-duddy Someone who is unwilling to Norah is such a fuddy-
try new things. duddy. She never wants to
come out with us on
Saturday night.
2. A blessing in disguise Something that seems bad, Losing my office job was a
but is actually good. blessing in disguise. My new
job is much more
interesting.
3. A night owl Someone who likes to stay Lech is a night owl. He
up late at night. never goes to bed before
midnight.
4. A pain in the neck Very annoying or Doing the dishes after a
problematic. dinner party is a pain in the
neck.
5. A chitchat A chat or a gossip I always enjoy a chitchat
with my sister over coffee.
6. A fat cat An overpaid and lazy person My boss is a fat cat. He
earns lots of money, but
doesn´t work very hard.
7. A problem shared is a If you tell someone about a I´m so glad I told Amira I
problem halved problem, you´ll feel better. was stressed at work. A
problem shared is a problem
halved.
8. A couch potato A lazy person who watches Jennifer is such a couch
too much television potato. She never goes out
and watches TV all
weekend instead.
9. Break a leg Good luck (said before I hope the performance
performing on a stage) goes well, Adam. Break a
leg!
10. Better safe than sorry Be careful so that you avoid I always wear goggles when
problems later. l do an experiment. Better
safe than sorry.
11. Break the news Revealed important (and The tour rep broke the news
usually bad) news. to us that our flight had been
canceled.
12. Chicken out of Is too scared too I chickened out of diving off
the top board in the pool. It
was too high!

13. Cry over spilled milk Getting upset about Don´t get so upset about
something that has already burning the cookies. It´s not
happened. use crying over spilled milk.

335
14. Call in sick Call my employer to say I I´m not well enough to go to
am too sick to work work today, so I´m going to
call in sick.

15. Drive my nuts Annoying me This terrible weather is

driving me nuts.

16. Don´t count your Don´t assume that Don´t count your chickens
chickens before they hatch something will happen before they hatch, Kim! The
before the outcome is game isn´t over yet.
certain.
17. Eat like a bird Eat in a very small amount Wayne eats like a bird. He
only ever orders a small
salad for lunch.

18. Easy peasy Easy Finding Angela´s house was

easy peasy. I have a GPS.
19. Feel blue Feeling sad Liz was feeling blue when
her best friend left the
country.

20. Get cold feet Become too nervous to do Scarlett got cold feet about
something going on the rollercoaster.
.
21.. Get my goat Irritates me It really gets my goat when
someone eats smelly food
on the train.
22. Get on my nerves Annoying me I wish Nathan would turn his
music down. It´s getting on
my nerves.
23. Go bananas Is out of control with The children all went
excitement bananas when I took them
to the playground.
24. Her bark is worse than Someone´s not as scary as Don´t be afraid of Linda. Her
her bite she/he seems. bark is worse than her bite.
25. Hang up my boots Retire After working at the bank for
30 years, it was time for me
to hang up my boots.
26. Hit the road Begin a trip or a drive After squeezing our luggage
into the car, we were ready
to hit the road
27. Keep in touch with Continue to be in contact I´ve kept in touch with Lin
with since we left college 25
years ago.
28. Keep in mind Remember something You should keep in mind
important that might be that it gets cold in the winter
useful later. and pack some warm
clothes.

336
29. Kick off Began The New Year´s
celebrations kicked off with
a band playing rock music.
30. Keep an eye on Take care of something, or I asked my brother to keep
watch something carefully. an eye on the dinner while I
was talking on the phone.
31. Like two peas in a pod Extremely similar to each Mateo and his brother Lucas
other are like two peas in a pod. I
can´t tell them apart.

32. I´m all ears I´m eager to hear about it Jenny, please tell me how
the interview went. I´m all
ears.
33. In a nutshell In a few words Our snack bars are
delicious, healthy and
affordable. In a nutshell,
your customers will love
them.
34. My lips are sealed I will keep it a secret I promise I won´t tell Lizzie
you´re going to propose to
her. My lips are sealed.
35. Make my mouth water Made me hungry, or want to The sight of the cake in the
eat something. café window made my
mouth water.
36. Newbie Someone starting an activity The pottery course was far
or a job for the first time. too difficult for a newbie like
me.
37. None of your business Private information I´m not going to tell you how
much my house cost. It´s
none of your business.
38. Nail it Is successful, popular, or Jane really nailed it with her
accurate jokes. The audience loved
her.
39. Over the moon Delighted, extremely happy I was over the moon when I
won the best actor award.
40. On the tip of my tongue Almost but not quite The answer to the teacher´s
remembered question was on the tip of
my tongue.
41. Once in a blue moon Very rarely Huan only cooks at home
once in a blue moon.
42. Practice makes perfect Practicing something will I´ve been playing the
make you very good at it. trumpet every day and I´m
really improving. Practice
makes perfect.
43. Rain cats and dogs Raining heavily It´s raining cats and dogs. I
wish I hadn´t forgotten my
umbrella.

337
44. Rip-off Far more expensive than it The popcorn in this movie
should be theater is a rip-off! I prefer to
bring my own snacks.
45. Send shivers down my Made my feel very That horror movie sent
spine. frightened shivers down my spine. It
was so scary!
46. Slip my mind Forget I´m sorry I didn´t get you a
present. It slipped my mind
that it was your birthday.
47. The apple of my eye A person I am very fond or My granddaughter is the
proud of apple of my eye. I´m so
proud of her.
48. Under the weather Not well, slightly sick or ill Ayano was feeling under the
weather, so she left work
early.
49. When pigs fly Never; it is very unlikely Kerry will only clean up her
room when pigs fly!
50. Young at heart Youthful, despite being old Angela might be 84, but she
is young at heart.

338