4º CAFD CARLOS GONZÁLEZ CUÑAT

TEMA 5 – COORDINATIVE STRUCTURE OF SOCCER

Technique and tactic needs to roll at the same time.

- Technique: Know how / Tactic: Know when to do

Individual tactics

Intelligent use of the individual’s own resources (physical, coordinative, psychological, emotional...) to
achieve the greatest efficiency in the solution of each motor problem (1 x 1).

Influenced by: Own capabilities, teammates, opponents and environment.

Characteristics of tactics:

- Highly conditioned by the opponent’s action.

- Highly conditioned by the emotional state.
- Involves adaptation to unpredictable situations.
- Requires faster execution (when the level increases, there are more time-space pressure).
- It is favored by fainting and surprise.

MAIN INDIVIDUAL TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS.

Offensive tactical principles.

- Mobility to offer passing options / Creating-occupation of free space.

- Supporting run, penetrative run, 2nd line runes (desmarque apoyo, ruptura y de 2ª línea).
- Commit
- Faints
- Offensive Split (dividir)

Defensive tactical principles.

- Anticipation and occupation of defensive spaces.

- Close passing options / Defensive Split
- Defensive pressure to the ball possessor
- Defensive challenge (duels) / Cutting off the attacker’s run
- Defensive coverage (cobertura) and Defensive rotation (permuta)
- Man Marking / Vigilance or Preventive marking (vigilancia)

Individual goalkeeper tactical principles.

- Providing passing options.

- Anticipation / Space blocking / Surveillance
- Positioning (ending situation and crosses)

Definition of some individual offensive-defensive tactical concepts.

Faints: Tactical action of a player with or without the ball by which the ball, body and/or gaze are used
to deceive the opponent and gain advantage (own or for the teammate).

Temporization: Tactical action consisting of adjusting the speed-momentum of execution of a physical-

technical-tactical action in order to allow time for other players to participate.

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Vigilance: Tactical action by which the players of a team take into consideration the position of the
opposing players, who apparently do not intervene in the game immediately. Types:

- Of space / of opponents.
- Defensive / Offensive.

Anticipation: Tactical action by which a player of one team changes his position with respect to another
player of the opposing team, interposing himself between the ball and the possible receiver, hindering
the possibility of receiving a possible pass (does not involve contact with the ball).

Switches: Tactical action performed by a player who occupies the position on the field of play of a
teammate who has come to collaborate in a function of the former or another teammate.

Challenge/Duel: Tactical action by means of which a player pushes and exchanges weight on the
opponent with the objective of protecting the ball (when in possession) or recovering it (when not in
possession). (It implies the absence of a hitting phase, violence-support on the ground).

Definition of some individual offensive tactical concepts.

Dribble: Technical-tactical action by which the ball possessor overcomes/overruns his defender while
maintaining possession of the ball.

Commit/ fix: Tactical action by means of which an attacker attracts a defender for the benefit of a
teammate or the team as a whole, since it makes it possible to generate free spaces for the rest of the
players. Types: Man or Interval / Driving or with the location

Dismarks: Tactical action by which a player of the team possessing the ball changes his position on the
field of play in order to free himself from the marking or proximity of an opponent and gain an advantage
in offensive play (throwing, passing or receiving). Types: Support run or penetrative run

Objectives of Dismarks:

- Search for passing lines that facilitate pass-reception.

- Distraction of the defender.
- Creation of free spaces to receive or take advantage of teammates.
- Rational occupation (width and depth)
- “Pass and Go” as a basic tactical concept

Creation/occupation/use of free spaces: Tactical action consisting in the generation of spaces on the
field in which there are no players of any team, to be subsequently occupied and, if necessary, exploited
in attack by a teammate of the team.

- Creation: Tactical action based on the movement of players with or without possession of the
ball and that provoke the movement of the defending players to create free spaces (based on
movements of unmarking, splitting, cutting, blocking...)
- Occupation: Tactical action by which a player reaches the free space previously created.
- Use: Tactical action that makes it possible for the ball to reach the free space previously created
and occupied.

Overlap: Tactical action performed by an attacker without possession of the ball when, by means of his
movement, he overtakes the teammate with the ball, starting from a delayed position with respect to
the first one, making a clearance, generating free spaces or doubts in the defending team.

Pass and go: Tactical action in which a player with the ball makes a pass and moves immediately with the
objective of creating free spaces, facilitating a new clearance or hesitation in the defending team.

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Definition of some individual defensive tactical concepts.

Tackle: It is the physical-tactical action aimed at meeting the opposing player who is in possession of the
ball, in order to intercept it and prevent it from progressing on the field (action on the ball).

Defensive coverage: Tactical action positioning consisting of a player going to or occupying a defensive
position that favors the assistance of a teammate who may be overrun by the opponent.

Defensive switches: A defensive tactical action performed by a player who occupies the position on the
field of play of a teammate who has come to collaborate in a function of the former or another teammate

Marking: Defensive tactical action consisting of reducing distances in front of the opposing player or team
with the objective of making the opponent's offensive play (passing, receiving or finishing) more difficult.

Types:

- Man marking: Each defender marks a predetermined opponent.

- Zonal marking: The defender marks the opponent who enters his work zone but does not leave
it, even if the attacker leaves even on the move.
- Mixed marking: Each player, starting from his position on the field, is paired with the opponent
who enters his zone and marks him until the end of the play or until the end of the dangerous
action that player can perform.

TRAINING INDIVIDUAL TACTICS

Common errors in initiation.

Defensives: Disorganization due to ball attraction:

- A lot of player chasing the ball possessor, without attending players without the ball, defending
goals or their location.
- Position on the field of play only in function of the ball.
- Uncontrolled tackles

Offensives: Individualistic unorganized play:

- Possessor: Does not advance, just tires to keep possession in any direction, does not look for
support of passes and does a lot of driving, dribbling…
- Non-possessor: Only looks at the ball and doesn’t offer supports, offers the same support as
other teammates and asks for the ball without paying attention to the context.

Phases of tactical learning.

Tactics can only be developed by tasks where decisions hace to be made.

Phases: Acquisition of basic technical-tactical fundamentals of the sports.

1. Development of the perception capacity (increase quantity and quality of information).

2. Development of the game intelligence (connection between coordination skills and game
situations).

Progression: Without opponent – Passive opponent – Active opponent – Facilitated situations

(superiority, spaces) – Competitive situations

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PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING INDIVIDUAL TACTICS

- INDIVIDUALITY: Physical characteristics, personality and intelligence determine the demarcation

- PLAYFUL COMPONENT: Fun and stimulating (especially in initiation)
- ACCESSIBILITY-PROGRESSION: Simple to complex. Combine the structural elements.
- TECHNICAL-TACTICAL INTEGRATION
- TRANSFER: The contents to the match.
- SPECIFICITY: Reproduce the tactical demands of the competition.
- DECEPTION-FAINT-SURPRISE: KEY in tactical learning.
- CREATIVITY: Propose open and variable experiences.

SUMMARY

Technical mastery is not enough to solve real game situations (ball contact + DECISION MAKING).

Tactical work must be adapted to the possibilities of action of the stage (intervention space>close>far).

Encourage the development of exploratory and creative behaviors (implies sufficient space).

Tactical intelligence must be stimulated on the basis of playful situations that are related to the internal
logic of the game.