Face Prof.

Omnia Sameer

The Face
Extent: the face has the following extent.

• Superiorly: eyebrows.
• Inferiorly: chin.
• On both sides: ears.

Muscles of the Face (Muscles of facial expression)

Characteristics of facial muscles:

• All are inserted into the skin.

• They are supplied by the facial nerve.

1- Buccinator Muscle
Origin: 1. Upper fibers: from maxilla opposite 3
molar teeth.
2. Lower fibers: from the mandible opposite
3 molar teeth.
3. Middle fibers: from pterygomandibular
ligament.
Insertion: 1. Upper fibers: pass to upper lip.
2. Lower fibers: pass to lower lip.
3. Middle fibers: decussate; so that upper
fibers pass to lower lip and lower fibers to
upper lip.
Nerve buccal branch of facial nerve
supply:
Action: compresses the cheek against the teeth to
prevent accumulation of food in the vestibule
of the mouth.
2- Orbicularis Oris Muscle
Origin: • Intrinsic fibers: maxilla & mandible in the midline.
• Extrinsic fibers: from the surrounding muscles
Insertion To skin & mucus membrane of lips
Nerve facial nerve.
supply:
Action: 1-close the lip 2- whistling

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 Face Prof. Omnia Sameer

3-Orbicularis Oculi Muscle: formed of 3 parts.

Orbital part: lies around the

circumference of the orbit
Action: firm closure of the eyelids
(protection of the eye).

Palpebral part: lies in both eyelids

Action: gentle closure of the eyelids (as
in sleep).

Lacrimal part: covers the lacrimal sac

Action: drainage of tears.

Nerve supply: the whole muscle is supplied

by facial nerve.

Sensory Nerve Supply of the Face

Nerve origin Area supplied

great auricular nerve Cervical over the angle of the mandible
plexsus
Supratrochlear Ophthalmic Forehead & upper eye lid.

supraorbital
lacrimal lateral part upper eye lid.
Infratrochlear Upper part of the nose.

External nasal the tip and ala of the nose (lower part of
the nose).
Zygomaticofacial Maxillary the skin over the prominence of cheek.
Zygomaticotemporal the anterior ½ of the temple
Infraorbital nerve: 1. Palpebral branch: supplies the lower
comes out through the eyelid.
infraorbital foramen and 2. Nasal branch: supplies the side of the
nose.
divides into 3 branches.
3. Labial branch: supplies the upper lip.
Auriculotemporal Mandibular • posterior ½ of the temple
• outer surface of the auricle
Buccal skin and the mucous membrane of cheek.
Mental skin of the lower lip & chin.

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Face Prof. Omnia Sameer

All the face is supplied by branches from the 3 divisions of trigeminal nerve
EXCEPT small area over the angle of the mandible which is supplied by the
great auricular nerve.

Motor Innervation of the Face

Muscles of the face are supplied by the facial nerve.

It enters the parotid gland then divides into 5 terminal branches:

1. Temporal
2. Zygomatic
3. Buccal
4. mandibular
5. cervical.

Arterial Supply of the Face

1. Facial artery:

Origin: branch of the external carotid.

Course:

• It enters the face at the lower border of the

mandible.

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Face Prof. Omnia Sameer

• Passes upwards and forwards, taking a tortuous course, lateral to the angle of
the mouth.
• Ascends vertically by the side of the nose.

Termination: at the medial angle of the eye as angular artery

Branches:

1. Inferior labial artery: to the lower lip.

2. Superior labial artery: to the upper lip.
3. Lateral nasal: to the side of the nose.

2. Transverse facial artery:

Origin: arise from the superficial temporal inside the parotid gland.

Course:

• Emerges at the anterior border of the

parotid gland.
• Runs forwards to supply the lateral
part of the face.

3. Superficial temporal artery:

Origin: it is one of the two terminal

branches of the external carotid artery. It
arises within the substance of the parotid
gland.

Course: it leaves the gland at its upper border to supply the scalp.

4. Arteries accompanying the cutaneous branches of trigeminal nerve.

Venous Drainage of the Face

Vein Formation Termination

Anterior facial at the medial angle of the join the anterior division of
vein eye by union of retromandibular vein to form the
supratrochear & common facial vein.
supraorbital veins.
Retromandibular formed inside the parotid divides into anterior and posterior
(posterior facial) gland by union of divisions.
vein

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Face Prof. Omnia Sameer

superficial temporal & • anterior division: unite with the

maxillary veins. anterior facial vein to form
common facial vein.
• posterior division: unite with
the posterior auricular vein to
form external jugular vein
common facial Union of the anterior internal jugular vein
division of
retromandibular vein with
anterior facial vein
external jugular Union of the posterior subclavian vein
vein division of
retromandibular vein with
posterior auricular vein

NB: Dangerous area of the face

• is a triangular area formed by the

nose and upper lip.
• It is drained by the anterior
facial vein.
• facial vein communicates with
the cavernous sinus via deep
facial vein, pterygoid venous
plexus, and ophthalmic veins.
• Skin infections of this area can spread to the cranial cavity and cause
cavernous sinus thrombosis.

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Face Prof. Omnia Sameer

Lymphatic Drainage of the Face

1. Upper part:

Includes lateral part of the forehead, lateral halves of eyelids, cheek and parotid
region.

Drains into the pre-auricular (parotid) nodes.

2. Lower part:

Includes the central part of the lower lip and chin.

Drains into the submental nodes.

3. Middle part:

Includes the rest of the face.

Drains into the submandibular lymph node.