A STUDY ON MATERIAL HANDLING AND STORAGE

PACKAGING AT GOOD TRANS LOGISTICS

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree in

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

by

ANSELA A.
Register No.41410022

DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

SATHYABAMA
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)
Accredited with Grade “A” by NAAC I 12B Status by UGC I Approved by AICTE
JEPPIAAR NAGAR, RAJIV GANDHI SALAI, CHENNAI - 600 119

APRIL 2023
 SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this Project Report is the bonafide work of ANSELA A
41410022 who carried out the project entitled “A Study on material handling and
storage packaging at Good Trans Logistics” under my supervision from January
2023 to March 2023.

DR. R. BLESSIE PATHMU, B.com, MBA, Ph.D

Internal guide External Guide

Dr. BHUVANESWARI .G, MBA., Ph.D

Dean – School of Management Studies

05/05/2023
Submitted for Viva voce Examination held on

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 DECLARATION

I ANSELA A (41410022) hereby declare that the Project Report entitled “A study on
material handling and storage packaging at Good Trans Logistics” done by me
under the guidance of DR. R. BLESSIE PATHMU is submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of Master of BusinessAdministration degree.

DATE: 05/05/2023

PLACE: Chennai
ANSELA A
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am pleased to acknowledge my sincere thanks to Board of Management of

SATHYABAMA for their kind encouragement in doing this project and for completing
it successfully. I am grateful to them.

I convey my sincere thanks to Dr. G. Bhuvaneswari, MBA., Ph.D., Dean - School of

Management Studies and Dr. A. Palani, M.Com., M.B.A., Ph.D., Head - School of
Management Studies for providing me necessary support and details at the right time
during the progressive reviews.

I would like to express my sincere and deep sense of gratitude to my Project Guide
Dr. R. BLESSIE PATHMU for her valuable guidance, suggestions and constant
encouragement paved way for the successful completion of my project work.

I wish to express my thanks to all Teaching and Non-teaching staff members of the
School of Management Studies who were helpful in many ways for the completion
of the project.

ANSELA A
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER
TITLE PAGE NO.
NO.
ABSTRACT (i)
LIST OF TABLES (ii)
LIST OF CHARTS (iv)

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Industry Profile 21
1 1.3 Company Profile 23
1.2 Objectives of the Study 29
1.3 Need for the study 30
1.4 Scope & Significance of the study 30
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2
2.1 Review of Literature 31
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Methodology 42
3.2. Research Design 42
3.3. Research Technique 42
3 3.4. Sources of Data 42
3.5. Structure of Questionnaire 43
3.6. Sample Size 43
3.7. Period Of Study 43
3.8. Location & Targeted people of study 43
3.9. Tools for Analysis 43
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1. Percentage Analysis 44
4 4.2. Frequency Table 56
4.2. Correlation Analysis 64
4.3.Anova 65
 FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
5.1. Findings of the Study 66
5.2. Suggestions & Recommendations 67
5
5.3. Limitations of the study 68
5.4. Conclusion 68
REFERENCES 70
ANNEXURE I – QUESTIONNAIRE 74
ANNEXURE II – RESEARCH ARTICLE 77
 ABSTRACT

This project aims to investigate the material handling and storage packaging practices at
Good Trans Logistics. The primary objective is to gain insights into the current processes
and identify areas for improvement. Secondary objectives include understanding customer
preferences for packaging, discovering desirable qualities of Good Trans Logistics, and
exploring their use of technology. By examining these factors, the project aims to
recommend suitable measures to enhance material handling and storage packaging,
which will improve customer satisfaction. The findings of this study will benefit logistics
companies by providing valuable insights into best practices for material handling and
storage packaging, ultimately resulting in increased efficiency, reduced costs, and higher
customer satisfaction.

i
 LIST OF TABLES

PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

4.1. PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS

4.1.1 Gender of the respondence 44

4.1.2. Indicating the age of the respondence 45

Indicating the satisfactory level of the

4.1.3. 46
customer in material handling in GTL
Indicating the satisfactory level of the
4.1.4. 47
customer in packaging in GTL
Indicating the satisfactory level of the
4.1.5. 48
customer in the individual packaging of goods
Indicating the satisfactory level of the
4.1.6. 49
customer in the inner packaging of goods
Indicating the satisfactory level of the
4.1.7. 50
customer in the outer packaging of goods
Indication of customers having good
4.1.8. 51
experience in GTL
Indication of customers having strong
4.1.9. 52
customer service in GTL
Indication of customers who have been
4.1.10. 53
experiencing many services in GTL
Indication of customers who experienced
4.1.11. 54
proper timing in GTL
Indication of customer who uses tracking
4.1.12. 55
system
4.2. FREQUENCY TABLE

4.2.1. Automated storage 56

4.2.2. Automated guided vehicles 57

ii
4.2.3. Casters and wheels 58

4.2.4. Conveyors 59

4.2.5. Dock equipment 60

4.2.6. Automation 61

4.2.7. Right sizing of cartons 62

4.2.8. Proper packaging station 63

4.3. CORRELATION

4.3.1. Relationship between age and material 64

4.4. ANOVA

4.4.1. Relationship between gender and technology 65

iii
 LIST OF CHARTS

PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

4.1. PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS

4.1.1 Gender of the respondence 44

4.1.2. Indicating the age of the respondence 45

Indicating the satisfactory level of the

4.1.3. 46
customer in material handling in GTL
Indicating the satisfactory level of the
4.1.4. 47
customer in packaging in GTL
Indicating the satisfactory level of the
4.1.5. 48
customer in the individual packaging of goods
Indicating the satisfactory level of the
4.1.6. 49
customer in the inner packaging of goods
Indicating the satisfactory level of the
4.1.7. 50
customer in the outer packaging of goods
Indication of customers having good
4.1.8. 51
experience in GTL
Indication of customers having strong
4.1.9. 52
customer service in GTL
Indication of customers who have been
4.1.10. 53
experiencing many services in GTL
Indication of customers who experienced
4.1.11. 54
proper timing in GTL
4.1.12. Indication of customer who uses tracking system 55

iv
 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW

Logistics is a part of supply chain management that deals with the efficient forward
and reverse flow of goods, services, and related information from the point of
origin to the point of consumption according to the needs of customers. Logistics
management is a component that holds the supply chain together. The resources
managed in logistics may include tangible goods such as materials, equipment,
and supplies, as well as food and other consumable items.

Military logistics, it is concerned with maintaining army supply lines with food,
armaments, ammunition, and spare parts apart from the transportation of troops
themselves. Meanwhile, civil logistics deals with the acquisition, movement, and
storage of raw materials, semi-finished goods, and finished goods. For
organizations that provide services such as garbage collection, mail utilities, and
after-sales services, logistical problems also need to be addressed.

Logistics deals with the movement of materials or products from one facility to
another, it does not deal with the material flow within the production or assembly
plants. Logistics occupies a significant amount of the operational cost of an
organization or country.

The complexity of logistics can be modeled, analyzed, visualized, and optimized

by dedicated simulation software. The minimization of the use of resources is a
common motivation in all logistics fields. A professional working in the field of
logistics management is called a logistician.

1
TYPES OF LOGISTICS

There are several types of logistics, each with its focus and set of activities. Some
of the most common types of logistics include,

• INBOUND LOGISTICS: This type of logistics refers to the management of

the flow of goods and materials into a business or organization. This can
include activities such as sourcing raw materials, managing suppliers, and
transporting materials to the production facility.

• OUTBOUND LOGISTICS: This type of logistics involves managing the flow

of finished products from a business or organization to its customers.
Activities in outbound logistics can include order processing, packaging,
transportation, and delivery.

• REVERSE LOGISTICS: This type of logistics refers to the management of

the flow of goods and materials in the opposite direction to traditional
logistics. Reserve logistics can involve activities such as product returns,
recycling, and the disposal of waste materials.

• THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS: This type of logistics involves outsourcing

logistics activities to a third-party provider. They offer a range of logistics
services, including transportation, warehousing, and inventory
management.

• FOURTH-PARTY LOGISTICS: This type of logistics is like third-party

logistics, but it involves outsourcing the entire logistics process, including
the management of third-party logistics providers. Fourth-party logistics
providers act as a single point of contact and coordination for all logistics
activities.

• GLOBAL LOGISTICS: This type of logistics involves managing the

movement of goods across international borders. Global logistics can

2
 involve a range of activities, including customs clearance, compliance with
international regulations, and transportation across multiple modes.

• GREEN LOGISTICS: This type of logistics focuses on reducing the

environmental impact of logistics activities. Green logistics \can involve
activities such as optimizing transportation routes, reducing packaging
waste, and using renewable energy sources.

COMPONENTS OF LOGISTICS

Logistics involve several components, each of which plays a crucial role in

managing the movement and storage of goods. Some of the most important
components of logistics include:

• TRANSPORTATION: Transportation is a critical component of logistics, and

it involves selecting the most efficient mode of transportation for moving
goods from one place to another. This can include road, rail, sea, or air
transportation.

• WAREHOUSING: Warehousing involves the storage of goods before they

are distributed to their destination. This can include receiving and
inspecting goods, storing them in the correct conditions, and picking and
packing them for delivery.

• INVENTORY MANAGEMENT: Inventory management involves managing

the stock of goods to ensure that there is sufficient inventory to meet
customer demand without excess stock leading to overstocking. This can
include tracking the flow of goods, forecasting demand, and managing the
supply chain to ensure that inventory levels are optimized.

• MATERIAL HANDLING: Material handling involves the movement, storage,

and control of goods within a warehouse or distribution center. This can

3
 include activities such as loading and unloading, picking a packing, and
palletizing.

• INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: Information management involves

collecting, analyzing, and managing information related to the movement
and storage of goods. This can include order tracking, inventory levels,
transportation schedules, and other data that are critical to the efficient
functioning of the logistics system.

• PACKAGING AND LABELING: Packaging and labeling involve preparing

goods for shipment by packaging them in the appropriate materials and
labeling them with the necessary information, such as product codes and
shipping addresses.

• SECURITY AND RISK MANAGEMENT: Security and risk management

involve identifying potential risks and taking steps to mitigate them. This
can include implementing security measures to prevent theft or damage to
goods and ensuring compliance with safety regulations and industry
standards.

By effectively managing these components of logistics, businesses can improve

efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure customer satisfaction.

PRINCIPLES OF LOGISTICS

There are several principles of logistics that are important to understand to

effectively manage the movement and storage of goods. Some of the most
important principles of logistics include:

• CUSTOMER FOCUS: The goal of logistics is to meet the needs of

customers by delivering goods and services in a timely and efficient
manner. Customer focus involves understanding customer requirements
and tailoring logistics operations to meet their needs.
4
 • COST EFFICIENCY: Logistics can be a major cost center of businesses, so
it is important to find ways to optimize logistics operations to reduce costs.
This can involve selecting the most efficient transportation modes,
optimizing inventory levels, and reducing waste and inefficiencies.

• CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT: Logistics operations should be regularly

evaluated and improved to ensure that they are meeting the needs of the
business and its customers. Continuous improvement can involve
implementing new technologies, refining processes, and adapting to
changes in the business environment.

• INTEGRATION: Logistics operations should be integrated with other

functions of the business, such as sales, marketing, and production. This
can help ensure that logistics operations are aligned with overall business
goals and objectives.

• FLEXIBILITY: Logistics operations should be flexible and adaptable to

changes in customer demand, market conditions, and other factors. This
can involve having backup plans and contingency strategies in place to
respond to unexpected events.

• SUSTAINABILITY: Logistics operations should be designed with

sustainability in mind, considering environmental and social factors. This
can involve implementing green logistics practices, such as using
renewable energy sources and reducing packaging waste.

By following these principles of logistics, businesses can optimize their logistics

operations to meet the needs of their customers, reduce costs, and improve
overall performance.

5
MATERIAL HANDLING

Material handling is the movement, protection, storage, and control of materials

and products throughout manufacturing, warehousing, distribution, consumption,
and disposal. As a process, material handling incorporated a wide range of
manual, semi-automated, and automated equipment and systems that support
logistics and make the supply chain work. Their application helps with:

• Forecasting
• Resource allocation
• Production planning
• Flow and process management
• Customer delivery
• After-sales support and service

A company’s material handling system and process are put in place to improve
customer service, reduce inventory, shorten delivery time, and lower overall
handling costs in manufacturing, distribution, and transportation.

ROLE OF MATERIAL HANDLING

The role of material handling is to improve efficiency by making the logistics

system respond effectively and quickly as per the customer’s demand. It means
that it helps improve customer service by making products to be found, moved,
and delivered easily. Material handling is not only for the company but also for the
customer’s needs. It cuts costs by reducing the time and money and effort and
reduces the product damage while doing product transport. It is very important in
outbound logistics.

6
TYPES OF MATERIAL HANDLING

Material handling is a complex process that can involve both human and machine-
led processes.

• MANUAL HANDLING: Manual handling is driven by humans. It might

involve workers pushing, pulling, lifting, lowering, and carrying goods. They
may use tools, like dollies, hoppers, or bucket elevators, to help them.
Unfortunately, this creates the capacity for human error. People make
mistakes, for example, by dropping them. People can hurt themselves
through their errors. For instance, a person can injure their back by lifting a
heavy weight incorrectly.

• AUTOMATED HANDLING: Increasingly, material handling professionals

are prioritizing automated handling. Instead of relying on people,
automated handling uses machinery to maneuver goods. Types of material
handling equipment use technology like machine intelligence, motion
sensors, and robotics to automate tasks fully. For example, a robotic arm
can be used to move packages off a conveyor belt and onto a pallet truck,
or an automatic guided vehicle can replace a human-driven vehicle.
Automated equipment handling has the benefit of reducing the risk of
human errors. It can also be more cost-efficient, eliminating the need to
train workers.

OPTIMIZATION OF MATERIAL HANDLING

To optimize the material handling during the whole process, we can leverage the
following strategies to improve material handling.

• DEFINE THE CURRENT STATE OF THE PROCESS

First, we need to understand the relevant data concerning the company’s
operation. This includes information such as the number of processed orders, the
number of lines each operator has done, the number of working forklifts, the cost
7
of leasing and operating forklifts, utility costs for running the distribution center,
and the entire cost of running the distribution center per square foot.

Once we understood how the current material handling process works, we can
make the necessary adjustments and changes based on its weaknesses. For
example, if we discovered there’s a lot of downtime happening, we can make
plans to minimize these incidences.

We can achieve this by doing regular checkups and maintenance of all equipment
involved. Machines such as carousels, conveyors, palletizers, case erectors,
tapers, and stretch wrappers. Ensure that all the equipment is inspected,
maintenance logs are well-stored, and any problem is corrected immediately.

Plan regular maintenance of all equipment in the distribution centers, monitor the
motor temperature, and lubricate your equipment. Ensure that you have spare
parts such as belts, rollers, motors, and bearings. Such measures will always
keep your orders moving.

• USE THE RIGHT TOOLS

To have a productive and efficient material handling process, you need to use the
right tools for the job. Ensure that the diverse modules and components involved
in the material handling are homogenous and reorganized. Work with well-
established suppliers who can be distributing your products because the lack of
local support can affect the continuity of production and lower production level.
Using the right tools helps you level up efficiency, responsiveness, and accuracy.

• AUTOMATE THE PROCESS

It is said that automation is the future of warehousing. Automating material
handling is essential for the sole reason of optimizing responses and operations
for both internal and external clients. It helps reduce manual work and saves a lot
of time, which can be put to better use for other productive works. Automation
also allows you to develop consistency and be predictable so you may reduce
operational costs. You can automate the handling of materials concerning flow,
desired type, and process.
8
All the modern material handling types of machinery comes with a control panel
used for performing all the operations. This controls all the related types of
machinery that facilitate the smooth functioning of the entire process. As the
number of machinery increases, so does the size of the equipment and the cost.

• CONDUCT STORAGE AND FLOW ANALYSIS

Storage flow and analysis involve determining material flow from point A to point
B. This is critical in storage design because it helps reduce the travel time of the
materials throughout the business premises.

Storage and flow analysis also plays a vital role in determining the size of storage
facilities. In large organizations, storage and flow analysis may involve the use of
simulation models to determine optimum solutions to problems in storage, material
flow, and transport and inspection processes. It involves the modeling and
analyzing of the entire life cycle costing of any process and evaluating the impact
on the total cost of the process.

Good design ensures efficient storage and the flow of material toward production
is critical. The material in high use should be placed in areas that provide the
shortest distance to the point of use.

In essence, storage design and material flow work as a unit, so you can’t plan for
one in the exclusion of the other. To have the correct balance of quality, cost,
safety, and delivery without having to compromise on any of them, efficient tools
are needed for evaluating the space and offering data-driven solutions that work.

• IMPLEMENT INTELLIGENT STORAGE LAYOUT

We can work with expert facilities engineers to help you create an efficient and
intelligent storage layout for your materials. Facilities engineer helps design and
implement new processes or improvements in different operations in a facility.
They also analyze labor costs, procedures, and standards to ensure the continued
efficiency of the storage facility.

9
USAGE OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT

There is a variety of manual, semi-automated, and automated material handling

equipment, and technologies available to aid in the movement, protection, storage,
and control of materials and products throughout manufacturing, distribution,
consumption, and disposal. These include:

• Automated storage and retrieval system

• Automated guided vehicles
• Automated identification and data collection
• Casters and wheels
• Controls
• Conveyors
• Dock equipment
• Ergonomics
• Hoisting equipment
• Industrial robots
• Integrated material handling systems
• Item order fulfillment systems
• Lift trucks
• Overhead cranes
• Protective guarding
• Racks
• Software
• Sortation

INDUSTRIES WHERE MATERIAL HANDLING USED

• Aerospace
• Appliance
• Automotive
• Beverage

10
 • Chemical
• Construction
• Consumer goods
• E-Commerce
• Food
• Hardware
• Hospital
• Manufacturing
• Materials processing
• Pharmaceutical
• Plastic
• Retail
• Warehousing and distribution

PRICIPLES OF MATERIAL HANDLING

When designing a material handling system, it is important to refer to best

practices to ensure that all the equipment and processes including material, semi-
automated and automated in a facility work together as a unified system. By
analyzing the goals of the material handling process and aligning them to
guidelines, such as the 10 principles of material handling, a properly designed
system will improve customer service, reduce inventory, shorten delivery time, and
lower overall handling costs in manufacturing, distribution, and transportation.
These principles include:

• PLANNING: Define the needs, strategic performance objectives, and

functional specification of the proposed systems and supporting
technologies at the outset of the design. The plan should be developed in a
team approach, with input from consultants, suppliers, and end users, as
well as from management, engineering, information systems, finance, and
operations.

11
• STANDARDIZATION: All material handling methods, equipment, controls,
and software should be standardized and able to perform a range of tasks
in a variety of operating conditions.

• WORK: Material handling processes should be simplified by reducing,

combining, shortening, or eliminating unnecessary movement that will
impede productivity. Examples include using gravity to assist in material
movement and employing straight-line movement as much as possible.

• ERGONOMICS: Work and working conditions should be adapted to support

the abilities of a worker, reduce repetitive and strenuous manual labor, and
emphasize safety.

• UNIT LOAD: Because less effort and work is required to move several
individual items together as a single load, unit loads such as pallets,
containers, or totes of items should be used.

• SPACE UTILIZATION: To maximize efficient use of space within a facility, it

is important to keep work areas organized and free of clutter, maximize
density in storage areas, and to utilize overhead space.

• SYSTEM: Material movement and storage should be coordinated

throughout all processes, from receiving, inspection, storage, production,
assembly, packaging, unitizing, and order selection, to shipping,
transportation, and the handling of returns.

• ENVIRONMENT: Energy use and potential environmental impact should be

considered when designing the system, with reusability and recycling
processes implemented, when possible, as well as safe practices
established for handling hazardous materials.

• AUTOMATION: To improve operational; efficiency, responsiveness,

consistency, and predictability, automated material handling technologies
should be deployed when possible and where they make sense to do so.

12
 • LIFE CYCLE COST: For all equipment specified for the system, an analysis
of life cycle costs should be conducted. Areas of consideration should
include capital investment, installation, setup, programming, training,
system testing, operation, maintenance and repair, reuse value, and
ultimate disposal.

STORAGE PACKAGING

In logistics, storage packaging plays a crucial role in the proper handling and
transportation of goods. Storage packaging refers to the process of preparing
products for storage, shipment, and eventual delivery to the end customer. This
involves selecting the appropriate packaging materials and methods to ensure that
the goods are protected and secure during transit.

There are several types of packaging materials used in logistics, including

cardboard boxes, plastic containers, wooden crates, and metal containers. The
choice of packaging material depends on various factors such as the type and
nature of the product, the mode of transport, and the length of the journey. For
example, fragile or delicate items may require additional cushioning or protective
wrapping to prevent damage during transport.

The packaging process involves several steps, including selecting the appropriate
packaging material, preparing the item for packaging, and labeling the package
with relevant information such as the destination address, product details, and
handling instructions. In addition to this, the package must also be designed in a
way that makes it easy to handle and transport, ensuring that it can be loaded and
unloaded safely without causing damage to the goods.

Effective storage packaging in logistics can help to reduce the risk of product
damage or loss, lower transportation costs, and increase efficiency in the supply
chain. It also helps to ensure that products are delivered in good condition to the

13
end customer, enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Storage packaging is a critical component of logistics operations that involves

selecting the appropriate packaging materials and methods to protect and secure
goods during transport. Effective packaging can help to reduce the risk of damage
or loss, lower transportation costs, and enhance customer satisfaction.

ROLE OF STORAGE PACKAGING

The role of storage packaging in logistics is crucial for ensuring that products are
protected and transported efficiently. Here are some of the key roles that storage
packaging plays in logistics:

• PROTECTION: The primary role of storage packaging is to protect products

from damage during transport and storage. Packaging materials should be
selected based on the type of product being shipped and the mode of
transport used.

• EFFICIENT USE OF SPACE: Storage packaging can be used to optimize

the use of space during transport and storage. By using packaging
materials that are appropriately sized for the product, logistics companies
can maximize the use of space in transport vehicles and warehouses.

• STANDARDIZATION: Standardized packaging materials and methods can

help to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Using standardized packaging
materials can help to reduce the time and cost associated with packaging
and shipping products.

• IDENTIFICATION AND TRACKING: Storage packaging can be used to

identify and track products during transport and storage. Labels and other
identification methods can be used to ensure that the product is easily
identifiable and tracked throughout the supply chain.
14
 • COMPLIANCE: Storage packaging must comply with all relevant
regulations and standards. For example, dangerous goods should be
packaged in compliance with regulations governing the transport of
hazardous materials.

• SUSTAINABILITY: The principles of sustainability should be considered

when selecting packaging materials. The use of environmentally friendly
materials and designs that reduce waste can help to reduce the
environmental impact of logistics operations.

The role of storage packaging in logistics is to protect products during transport

and storage, optimize the use of space, identify and track products, ensure
compliance with regulations, and consider the principles of sustainability. By
selecting the right packaging materials and following best practices in packaging
and storage, logistics companies can ensure that products arrive at their
destination in good condition, reduce costs, and improve efficiency.

TYPES OF STORAGE PACKAGING

There are several types of packaging used in logistics, each with its unique
features and benefits. Here are some common types of packaging used in
logistics:

• INDIVIDUAL PACKAGING: Individual packaging is packaging for individual

products. For example, individual packaging is what is used to wrap each
piece of candy. The purpose is to protect the product from water, humidity,
light, and heat.

• INNER PACKAGING: Inner packaging is used to group individually

packaged products in a bag. This is the bag that is filled with individually
packaged candy. Inner packaging is the unit that is sold at retail stores,
and it is important to design an inner package that expresses the appeal of

15
 the product and stimulates the desire to purchase the product to promote
sales.

• OUTER PACKAGING: Outer packaging is the unit of the largest package,

such as a cardboard box or wooden crate. The main purpose is to protect
the product from dirt and breakage.

OPTIMIZATION OF MATERIAL HANDLING

Optimizing storage packaging in logistics can lead to several benefits, including

reduced costs, improved efficiency, and increased customer satisfaction. Here are
some ways to optimize storage packaging:

• RIGHT SIZING: Right-sizing refers to selecting packaging that is the right

size for the product being shipped. This can help to reduce excess material,
optimize space utilization, and reduce shipping costs.

• MATERIAL SELECTION: The choice of packaging material can affect the

weight, durability, and cost of the packaging. Selecting the right material
can help to reduce the overall weight of the package, increase durability,
and lower the cost of shipping.

• STANDARDIZATION: Standardizing packaging across products can help to

streamline logistics operations, reduce waste, and improve efficiency. This
can include standardizing sizes, shapes, and materials.

• AUTOMATION: Automating packaging processes can help to reduce labor

costs, increase efficiency, and improve accuracy. This can include using
automated packaging equipment, such as box-making machines and
palletizers.

• ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: Incorporating environmental

16
 sustainability into packaging can help to reduce waste, lower costs, and
improve customer satisfaction. This can include using eco-friendly
materials, reducing packaging size, and implementing recycling programs.

• PRODUCT PROTECTION: Optimizing storage packaging for product

protection can help to reduce damage, returns, and customer complaints.
This can include using cushioning materials, selecting appropriate
packaging materials, and incorporating tamper-evident features.

• CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE: Optimizing storage packaging can also

enhance the customer experience by providing easy-to-open, attractive,
and functional packaging. This can include using branded packaging,
incorporating easy-to-follow instructions, and providing packaging that is
convenient for customers.

Optimizing storage packaging in logistics can lead to several benefits, including

reduced costs, improved efficiency, and increased customer satisfaction. By
implementing strategies such as right-sizing, material selection, standardization,
automation, environmental sustainability, product protection, and customer
experience, logistics companies can optimize their storage packaging to achieve
these benefits.

USAGE OF STORAGE PACKAGING EQUIPMENT

Storage packaging equipment is used to package goods for storage and shipment
in a warehouse or distribution center. The usage of storage packaging equipment
can help to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and increase safety. Here are some
common types of storage packaging equipment and their uses:

• STRETCH WRAP MACHINES: Stretch wrap machines are used to wrap

pallets with stretch film to secure and protect the products during shipment.
They can be automated or semi-automated and can wrap pallets quickly
and efficiently.
17
 • STRAPPING MACHINES: Strapping machines are used to secure goods to
pallets or bundles using straps. They can be automated or semi-automated
and can be used to secure a variety of products for shipping.

• SHRINK WRAP MACHINES: Shrink wrap machines are used to wrap

goods with shrink film to protect them during shipping. They can be used to
wrap individual products or bundles and can be automated or semi-
automated.

• CARTON SEALERS: Carton sealers are used to seal cardboard boxes for
shipping. They can be semi-automated or automated and can seal a variety
of box sizes.

• LABEL PRINTERS: Label printers are used to print labels for shipping and
storage purposes. They can print a variety of label sizes and types and can
be integrated with other equipment to streamline the packaging process.

• BOX-MAKING MACHINES: Box-making machines are used to create

custom-sized cardboard boxes for shipping. They can be automated or
semi-automated and can be used to create a variety of box sizes.

• MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT: Material handling equipment, such

as conveyor systems and pallet jacks, can be used to move and transport
packaged goods within a warehouse or distribution center.

The usage of storage packaging equipment can help to improve the efficiency of
the packaging process by reducing manual labor, increasing accuracy, and
improving product protection. By using the right storage packaging equipment for
the specific needs of a warehouse, logistics companies can improve their
operations and achieve better results.

18
PRINCIPLES OF STORAGE PACKAGING

The principles of storage packaging in logistics are the basic guidelines that
logistics companies follow to ensure that products are packaged and stored
correctly. Here are some key principles of storage packaging in logistics:

• PROTECTION: The primary principle of storage packaging is to protect the

product from damage during storage and shipment. Packaging materials
should be strong enough to withstand the rigors of transport and provide
adequate protection for the product.

• COMPATIBILITY: The packaging materials used should be compatible with

the product being shipped. For example, food products should be packaged
in food-grade materials that do not contaminate the product.

• SUSTAINABILITY: The principles of sustainability should be considered

when selecting packaging materials. The use of environmentally friendly
materials and designs that reduce waste should be a priority.

• STANDARDIZATION: Standardization of packaging materials and methods

can help to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Using standardized
packaging materials can help to reduce the time and cost associated with
packaging and shipping products.

• VISIBILITY: The packaging should allow for easy identification and tracking
of the product during transport and storage. Labels and other identification
methods should be used to ensure that the product is easily identifiable.

• SPACE UTILIZATION: The packaging should be designed to maximize the

use of space during storage and transport. Packaging materials should be
sized to fit the product and to optimize the use of space in the warehouse or
transport vehicle.

19
 • REGULATORY COMPLIANCE: The packaging should comply with all
relevant regulations and standards. For example, dangerous goods should
be packaged in compliance with regulations governing the transport of
hazardous materials.

By following these principles, logistics companies can ensure that products are
packaged and stored correctly, which can help to reduce costs, improve efficiency,
and ensure that products arrive at their destination in good condition.

20
1.2. INDUSTRY PROFILE

The logistics industry is a vital sector of the global economy that plays a critical
role in the movement of goods and products from one location to another. It
encompasses a wide range of services, including transportation, warehousing,
inventory management, and freight forwarding.

One of the key functions of the logistics industry is transportation. Goods and
products need to be moved from factories, warehouses, or ports to their intended
destinations, which can be either domestic or international. Different modes of
transportation are used to move goods, including road, rail, sea, and air.

Warehousing is another important aspect of the logistics industry. Goods need to

be stored before they are shipped to their final destinations. Warehouses can be
used for storing goods temporarily, such as for consolidation, longer periods, such
as for inventory management.

Inventory management is crucial for ensuring that goods are available when they
are needed. This involves keeping track of inventory levels, forecasting demand,
and replenishing stock as needed. Advanced inventory management systems can
help automate these processes and improve efficiency.

Freight forwarding and customs brokerage are essential for facilitating

international trade. Freight forwarders help ensure that goods are transported from
one country to another safely and efficiently. Customs brokers help importers and
exporters navigate the complex regulations involved in cross-border trade, such as
customs duties and import/export documentation.

The logistics industry is highly competitive, with many companies operating in the
sector, ranging from small local firms to large multinational corporations. Many
logistics companies offer end-to-end supply chain solutions that integrate multiple
services to provide a seamless experience for their customers.

Advancements in technology are transforming the logistics industry. New

21
technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and
blockchain, are helping logistics companies improve efficiency, reduce costs, and
enhance the customer experience. For example, IoT sensors can be used to track
shipments in real-time, while AI can be used to optimize transportation routes and
improve warehouse operations.

Environmental sustainability is also becoming an increasingly important focus for

the logistics industry. Many companies are exploring ways to reduce their carbon
footprint and adopt more sustainable practices, such as using electric vehicles and
optimizing transportation routes to reduce emissions.

The logistics industry is a critical part of the global economy, facilitating trade and
commerce between businesses and consumers around the world. It encompasses
a wide range of services, including transportation, warehousing, inventory
management, and freight forwarding. With the increasing globalization of trade and
the rapid growth of e-commerce, the logistics industry is expected to continue to
grow in the years ahead.

22
1.3. COMPANY PROFILE

Good Trans Logistics is one of the fastest-logistics service providers, delivering

rock-solid reliability that results in peace of mind to the clients. They offer complete
and affordable shipping solutions, both in terms of facilities and manpower with the
utmost standards of professionalism. The strong worldwide network of strategic
associations and alliances ensures that no corner of the work is impossible for us
to reach.

STRENGTH: With personnel holding decades of experience in the industry, the

strength lies in providing personalized solutions and services that are tailor-made
to your timeline and budget, instead of simply offering readymade options.

COMMITMENT: The history reflects our sheer commitment to quality and

customer satisfaction, as no customer of ours has ever turned to someone else to
obtain services.

MISSION: To attain excellence by continual improvement in service, and strategic

adaptation to changes in market and customer needs, while always standing firm
in honesty and reliability.

ABOUT GTL

They have wise experience in this service industry, a good reputation, and long
relations with the staff and officials of the custom, warehouses, and excise
departments and various other government agencies which helps the clients to
expedite their work, avoid procedural delay disputes and litigation regarding
compliance of custom clearance and other legal requirements. Their hard work
and good nature have put the organization on a path of progress and prosperity.

They are ever ready to attend their clients and solve to their problems. These
qualities made them popular amongst the clients. Such satisfied clients bring
more and more business to the organizations. Apart from having three
strategically located offices and warehouses in Chennai, they also have branches

23
in and around.

They have grown in the esteem of many major liner companies, who have offered
a service cum rate contract to us, which having been accepted, they hold an edge
in the forwarding market as regards pricing and connectivity. They can offer very
good rates when compared to the rest of the market because of their contracts
and more importantly their human rapport with everyone they came across.

By integrating sea and airfreight forwarding, international road transport,

warehousing, and value-added activities in one company they can offer you a
complete logistics package.

The experienced team of professionals is trained to guide you through the

complexities of global shipping. They can offer a single-source solution to and
from any point worldwide keeping people informed of their shipment status at
every step. The Company consists of a well-experienced and trained staff,
supported by fully computerized documentation and interaction, and armed with
the latest communication equipment. They provide regular and reliable
information on the activities, structure, financial situation, and performance of all
our valuable clients. They are well versed in the procedures, rules, and
regulations and possess technical knowledge about clearing all types of cargo,
have good expertise & long-standing in this field.

Their personnel aim is to satisfy every customer’s expectation with professionalism

and to offer the best possible prices for high-quality services.

SERVICES

AIR FREIGHT

Shipping the freight by air with Good Trans Logistics will keep goods moving at
optimal speed and efficiency along the supply chain.

24
They have contracts with the world’s major international carriers that secure space
on thousands of flights each month and they offer chartered flights internationally,
as well for your larger consignments.

They provide real-time, global tracking as part of our standard capabilities. Their
global, door-to-door services include customs clearance and forwarding to interior
points, as well as coordinating with our ocean operations for forwarding cargo in
the most cost-efficient manner. Select GTL and you will get fast efficient
international airfreight delivery worldwide.
Service Include:

• Flexible international air options from standard to expedited service

• Door-to-door and Airport-to-airport
• Global customs clearance
• Consolidation
• Air and Sea combination
• Removal

SEA FREIGHT

Their Sea Freight Division is manned by personnel having a profound knowledge

of the intricacies of sea shipments coupled with an innate desire to merit your
satisfaction.

They are equipped with a computerized monitoring system, advanced

communications network, and state-of-the-art cargo handling technology as well
as updates on trade and port conditions. Good Trans Logistics is a single-source
vendor that can handle ocean shipments from any point on the globe to another.
They offer regular liner facilities and schedules, multi-modal shipping, global
tracking, and worldwide logistics capabilities, all at competitive rates. Their global,
door-to-door services include customs clearance and forwarding to interior points,
as well as coordinating with air freight operations for shipping cargo in the most
cost-efficient manner. Select Good Trans Logistics, and you will receive quality

25
service every time from experienced ocean professionals.
Service Include:

• LCL and FCL

• Project Cargo
• Door-to-door, Door-to-port, and Port-to-door
• Breakbulk and Consolidation
• Warehousing and Distribution
• Customs Clearance, if requested
• Owners protecting Agent
• Bunker supply
• Provision supply
• Crew change
• Cargo Claim
• Survey
• Ship Brokering

LANDSIDE SERVICES

The importance of smooth, effective, and timely landside activities is often

underestimated. Getting your goods to and from the port, and getting all the
paperwork done right, often involves multiple parties and processes with the
potential for costly delays and errors.

Good Trans Logistics offers a unique and seamlessly integrated solution that
enhances and simplifies landside activities in close coordination with your ocean
or air transport.

Our Landside services include:

• Inland haulage
• Cargo insurance
• Transit documents

26
 DANGEROUS GOODS

With the rapid changes in aspects of security worldwide, Dangerous Goods

consignments require a much more delicate approach.

HANDLING OF DANGEROUS GOODS

They have more than the required staff trained in Dangerous Goods Regulations
Courses as laid down by IATA. Besides, a constant check enables us to ensure
that such staff undergo Refresher courses, under IATA regulations.

FORWARDING OF EXHIBITION GOODS & PROJECT HANDLING

Their staff is well-equipped to handle almost all types of Exhibition Goods and
Project operations. Due emphasis is given to the special aspects related to such
consignments given the additional requirements, such as cargo warrants when
compared to routine, day-to-day handling of Export and Import cargo. This
specialized handling adds to their providing total service packages like shipping
bulk cargo, loose cargo, full container load, odd-size cargo, and break bulk as also
handling shipments at Inland Container Depots. They can also help in chartering
vessels, be it one-time charters or long-term contracts.

VALUE ADDED SERVICES

They pride themselves in providing comprehensive customs documentation to

satisfy their clientele.

COMPREHENSIVE CUSTOMS DOCUMENTATION

This involves the grounding of documents and electronic submissions, the
calculation on behalf of the client of taxes, duties, and excises, and facilitating
communication between the importer/exporter and governmental authorities.
Meticulous attention is paid to the correctness and completion of documents when
received from our clients. This ensures the prompt passing of documents through
customs channels and avoids last-minute delays when, at the passing stage,
some error is located or certain documents have not been made available by the
shippers/importers. Their qualified and dedicated customs staffs are alive to our

27
duty to monitor the minutest detail connected to Customs Documents and
Examination of the cargo both, at the Docks and in the Air Cargo Complex.

PACKING AND PALLETISATION

They use only the finest packing materials for example large and small plastic
bubble wrap, strong and durable Kraft cardboard boxes, high-quality tapes, etc.
They make sure that the cargo is properly packed and protected. They take the
time to arrange and rearrange the cargo to achieve the smallest possible
combination for customizing a crate with the sole purpose of reducing dead
spaces in the shipment. Wooden and custom crates are exclusively designed and
built for glass and other fragile items to protect them and to better utilize container
space.

WAREHOUSING, PICK UP, DELIVERY, AND INSURANCE

Safety and Security are the prime concerns in their warehousing operations.
Adequate insurance is also provided. There is sufficient space for proper stacking
of various forms of packing i.e., wooden cases, cartons, drums, bales, plastic
containers, crates etc. Space is also available for the maneuverability of heavy
cargo within the warehouses. Air cargo consignments, strictly adhere to accurate
weighment, correct volumetric dimensions, thorough attention to affixing airlines
labels and other handling labels required by the airline and minutely checking the
packing of consignments to ensure airworthiness. When the need arises, they also
undertake packaging to ensure that the cargo offered to the airline/shipping
companies can withstand the flight/voyage. They have pick-up crews that are
ready to pick up the order anywhere, even as soon as the day after the order is
placed with our office. They have different schemes of delivery. Their schemes are
always alluring. They always consider a system that is both safe as well as time
competent. They have is a well-renowned name for providing services like
overseas shipping, Container shipping, and different kind of Worldwide Shipping
services. They have efficient tie-ups with Insurance Companies which can assist in
our providing Insurance coverage. Insurance cover can also be arranged through
airlines that undertake the same.

28
TRANSPORTATION
They have our arrangements for the transportation of Export consignments from
the client’s location and from the warehouses, both to the Docks area and the
Airport. Good Trans Logistics has gained confidence over the years, to handle and
transport packages of all sizes and dimensions about Export and Import
consignments. Local and practical expertise are the elements that are foremost at
all stages of transportation, thereby eliminating risks, costly errors, and most
importantly, delays. Special equipment is also arranged by us for handling heavy
cargo, both for Exports and Imports by Sea and by Air.

CONSULTANCY CLAIMS RECOVERY / APPEALS

They have adequate experience in the correct methodology and documentation
required for lodging claims and have several instances as proof of our ability in this
regard. They have many satisfied clients and have also assisted to clarify doubts
of our customers for documentation and procedures when they wish to initiate
claims.

SHIPMENT ALERTS, CONFIRMATIONS & VENDOR COORDINATION

They provide you with regular updates on the shipment status/location, apart from
internet links where you can get them by yourselves. They interact and coordinate
with various vendors like transporters, insurance companies, etc. while acting as a
single point of contact for our clients, providing updated information at any given
point in time.

1.4. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES
• To study the material handling and storage packaging at Good Trans
Logistics.

29
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES
• To understand the most preferred packages by the customers.
• To discover the most desirable qualities of Good Trans Logistics.
• To understand the technologies of Good Trans Logistics.
• To provide suitable measure to improve the material handling and storage
packaging which satisfy the customer.

1.5. NEED FOR THE STUDY

• To keep away the unnecessary and deficient level of inventories in the

organization.
• To increase the service to the customer through short, convenient and
conveyance.
• To keep up an adequate material in the organization for the smooth
creation and self-operations.
• To maintain the business operations of the organization in smooth and
adequate way.

1.6. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

• To give the arrangement to the organizations like what to arrange, when to

arrange and the amount to be arranged.
• To find the most desirable qualities.
• To acknowledge the most preferred package.
• To give suitable measure for material handling and storage packaging.

30
 CHAPTER – 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION

Material handling and storage packaging are essential components of logistics

operations. Proper material handling and storage packaging can improve
efficiency, reduce costs, and minimize product damage during transportation and
storage. This review of literature aims to provide an overview of recent studies on
the topic of material handling and storage packaging in logistics, focusing on the
period between 2020 and 2023. The literature review covers various aspects of
material handling and storage packaging, including cost reduction, sustainability,
challenges and trends, innovation, and the impact of smart packaging technology
on supply chain management. By synthesizing and analyzing these studies, this
review provides insights into the current state of research on material handling and
storage packaging in logistics and highlights the potential for future research in this
field.

• Zhang Y., Liu j., & Li W. (2023) In this study, the authors propose a new
approach to optimize the material handling path in the warehouse using the
improved cuckoo search algorithm. The compare their approach with other
optimization algorithms and demonstrate its effectiveness in reducing the
total travel distance and time.

• Liu H., Wang J., & Yan Y. (2023) The authors proposed an improved bat
algorithm to optimize storage location allocation in the warehouse. They
compare their algorithm with other optimization algorithms and demonstrate
its effectiveness in minimizing the total cost of the warehouse storage
systems.

• Wang J., Yan Y., & Liu H. (2023) In this study, the authors propose a new
method for optimizing material handling in logistics using the improved
particle swarm optimization algorithm. They evaluate the effectiveness of
their method in minimizing the total cost of the material handling systems

31
 and compare it with other optimization methods.
• Li W., Chen Z., & Li Y. (2023) The author proposes an improved ant colony
algorithm to optimize the material handling path in the warehouse. They
demonstrate the effectiveness of their approach in reducing the total travel
distance and time of material handling in the warehouse.

• Zhang Y., Liu J., & Li W. (2023) In this study, the authors propose an
improved genetic algorithm to optimize the storage location allocation in the
warehouse. They demonstrate the effectiveness of their approach in
minimizing the total cost of the warehouse storage system and compare it
with other optimization algorithms.

• Liu Y., Liu H., & Chen Z. (2023) The authors propose a new approach to
optimize material handling in logistics using the improved particle swarm
optimization algorithm. They evaluate the effectiveness of their approach in
reducing the total cost of material handling in logistics and compare it with
other optimization methods.

• Chen Z., Li W., & Li Y. (2022) In this study, the authors propose an
improved ant colony algorithm to optimize the material handling path in the
warehouse. They evaluate the effectiveness of their approach in reducing
the total travel distance and time of material handling in the warehouse and
compare it with other optimization algorithms.

• Li J., Li W., & Li Y. (2022) This study proposes an improved bat algorithm
to optimize the material handling path in the warehouse. The authors
compare their approach with other optimization algorithms and demonstrate
its effectiveness in reducing the total travel distance and time of material
handling.

• Xu Z., Liu Y., & Huang Z. (2022) An improved artificial bee colony
algorithm for material handling path optimization in warehouse. This study
proposes an improved artificial bee colony algorithm to optimize the

32
 material handling path in the warehouse. The authors demonstrate the
effectiveness of their approach in reducing the total travel distance and time
of material handling.

• Kim J., & Choi H. (2022) A novel material handling system for efficient e-
commerce order fulfillment. The system uses a conveyor belt and a sorting
machine to reduce labor costs and improve order accuracy.

• Lin Y., & wang W. (2022) The design of a collaborative material handling
system for intelligent logistics in smart factories. The study proposes a
collaborative material handling system for intelligent logistics in smart
factories. The system uses Internet of things (IOT) technology and cloud
computing to optimize material handling processes and improve supply
chain management.

• Huang M., Li Y., & Wang X. (2022) A hybrid optimization algorithm for
storage location allocation in a cold chain logistics center. The study
proposes a hybrid optimization algorithm for storage location allocation in a
cold chain logistics center. The algorithm combines a genetic algorithm and
a tabu search algorithm to find the optimal solution.

• Xu & et al. (2022) The study demonstrated the effectiveness of the

approach in reducing the total travel distance and time of material handling.
The proposed algorithm considers factors such as the layout of the
warehouse and the size and weight of the materials being handled to
optimize the path for material handling equipment.

• Kim & Choi (2022) The system used a conveyor belt and s sorting machine
to re3duce labor costs and improve order accuracy. The authors also
proposed a dynamic scheduling algorithm that considers the order
processing time and the capacity of the material handling system to
optimize the order fulfillment process.

33
• Wang & et al (2022) The researcher evaluated the impact of packaging on
the sustainability of logistics operations in the food industry. The authors
conducted an LCA of different packaging materials and found that the use
of biodegradable and compostable materials can reduce the environmental
impact of logistics operations, while maintaining the product safety and
quality.

• Lin & Wang (2022) The proposed a collaborative material handling system
for intelligent logistics in smart factories. The system utilized Internet of
Things (IOT) technology and cloud computing to optimize material handling
processes and improve supply chain management. The proposed system,
uses sensors to monitor the movement of materials and optimize the route
of material handling equipment in real-time.

• Huang et al. (2022) The system uses a combination of autonomous mobile

robots and a centralized control system to improve order picking efficiency
and accuracy. The study also demonstrated the effectiveness of the
proposed system in reducing the workload of human workers and improving
warehouse performance.

• Cho & et al (2022) The study examined the impact of packaging material
selection on the sustainability of logistics operations. The authors
conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) of different packaging materials
and found that the use of recyclable and bio-based materials can reduce
the environmental impact of logistics operations.

• Zhao Y., Wu J., & Zhang X. (2021) An intelligent material handling system
for e-commerce order fulfillment. This study proposes an intelligent material
handling system that integrates warehouse management and order
fulfillment processes for e-commerce. They system uses RFID technology
and an optimization algorithm to improve order accuracy and efficiency.

• Kim D., Kim J., & Kim T. (2021) A study on the effect of material handling

34
 automation on logistics performance. This study investigated the effect of
material handling automation on logistics performance in different
industries. The authors use regression analysis to find that material
handling automation positively affects logistics performance.

• Li H., Li Q., & Li W. (2021) This study proposes an improved ant colony
algorithm to optimize the material handling system in the warehouse. The
authors compare their approach with other optimization algorithms and
demonstrate its effectiveness in reducing the total travel distance and time
of material handling.

• Gong X., Li Y., & Wang X., (2021) A multi-objective optimization model for
storage location allocation in a cross-docking center. This study proposes a
multi-objective optimization model for storage location allocation in a cross-
docking center. The model considers both cost and environmental factors
and uses a genetic algorithm to find the optimal solution.

• Liu Y., Liu H., & Chen Z. (2021) This study proposes an improved genetic
algorithm to optimize the material handling system in logistics. The authors
demonstrate the effectiveness of their approach in minimizing the total cost
of material handling in logistics and compare it with other optimization
methods.

• Shi Q., Zhang X., & Wu Y. (2021) An RFID-based intelligent container for
material handling in warehouse. This study proposes an RFID-based
intelligent container for material handling in the warehouse. The container
uses RFID technology to track the location of goods and optimize material
handling processes.

• Yang Y., Chen Y., & Xu B. (2021) This study proposes an improved ant
colony algorithm to optimize material storage and transportation in the
logistics park. The authors demonstrate the effectiveness of their approach
in reducing the total cost of material handling and transportation.

35
• Wang X., Li Y., & Gong X. (2021) A novel hybrid optimization algorithm for
storage location allocation in the cross-docking center. This study proposes
a novel hybrid optimization algorithm for storage location allocation in the
cross-docking center. The algorithm combines a genetic algorithm and a
simulated annealing algorithm to find the optimal solution.

• Li H., Liu Y., & Li Q. (2021) This study proposes a self-adaptive particle
swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the material handling path in the
warehouse. The author demonstrates the effectiveness of their approach in
reducing the total travel distance and time of material handling.

• Zhang Y., Guo X., & Liu Y. (2021) The multi-objective optimization of
material handling system in the warehouse based on an improved NSGA-II
algorithm. The algorithm considers multiple objectives and constrains and
demonstrate its effectiveness in improving warehouse efficiency and
reducing cost.

• Wu J., Zhao Y., & Zhang X. (2021) A deep learning-based framework for
material handling system optimization e-commerce warehouse. This study
proposes a deep learning-based framework to optimize the material
handling system in the e-commerce warehouse. The framework uses a
deep neural network to learn the complex relationships between input
parameters and output variables and demonstrates its effectiveness in
improving warehouse efficiency and reducing costs.

• Wu & et al. (2021) The system integrates machine learning and image
recognition technology to automated material handling processes and
optimize warehouse operations. The authors also proposed a scheduling
algorithm to allocate material handling tasks to different equipment based
on their capacity and availability.

• Li & et al. (2021) The proposed method uses a genetic algorithm and fuzzy

36
 logic system to optimize the route of material handling equipment and
minimizing the total travel distance. The study demonstrates the
effectiveness of the proposed method in reducing the total travel distance
and improving warehouse efficiency.

• Korkmaz & Others (2021) The author evaluated the impact of packaging
material selection on the product safety and environmental impact in
logistics operations. The authors conducted a case study of a Turkish e-
commerce company and found that proper material selection, including
consideration of the product type and transportation conditions, can ensure
the product safety and reduce the environmental impact of logistics
operations.

• He et al. (2021) The system utilizes a combination of RFID technology and

wireless sensor networks to automate material handling processes and
improve warehouse performance. The authors also proposed a dynamic
scheduling algorithm to optimize the allocation of material handling tasks to
different equipment based on their availability and workload.

• Zhang et al. (2021) The system combines the advantages of traditional

material handling equipment and autonomous mobile robots to improve
warehouse efficiency and reduce labor costs. The authors also proposed a
scheduling algorithm to allocate material handling tasks to different
equipment based on their capacity and availability.
• López-Lambas M. E., González-García V., & García-Sánchez A. (2021)
This study provides a review of the main challenges and trends in
packaging logistics. The authors discuss various challenges in packaging
logistics, such as transportation and storage, and highlight the trends in
packaging logistics, such as the use of smart packaging and sustainable
materials. The study is relevant to the topic of material handling and storage
packaging in logistics, as it provides insights into the challenges and trends
in packaging logistics that affect material handling and storage operations.

37
• Srinivasan S., Ravi S., & Balaji R. (2021) This study provides a review of
material handling systems in supply chain management, including the
importance of optimizing material handling systems for efficient supply
chain operations. The authors also discuss the role of emerging
technologies, such as blockchain and artificial intelligence, in improving
material handling systems in supply chain management. The study is
relevant to the topic of material handling and storage packaging in logistics,
as it highlights the importance of material handling systems in improving
supply chain efficiency.

• Koc & Bayhan (2021) The author studied the impact of packaging design
on the customer experience and perceived value in the e-commerce
industry. The authors conducted a survey of online shoppers and found that
the packaging design, including the color, texture, and shape, can affect the
perceived value of the products and enhance the overall customer
experience.

• Li & et al. (2021) The author proposed a new method for optimizing
material handling paths in warehouse management to minimize the total
travel distance and time of material handling equipment. The study
demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in reducing the
total travel distance and improving warehouse efficiency.

• Van der Valk L., Van der Meer R. B., & Post J. G. (2021) This study
provides an exploratory study of logistics packaging innovation. The authors
discuss the drivers of logistics packaging innovation, such as customer
demands and sustainability concerns, and highlight the challenges and
opportunities of logistics packaging innovation. The study is relevant to the
topic of material handling and storage packaging in logistics, as it
emphasizes the importance of logistics packaging innovation in improving
logistics operations.

• Du & Others (2021) The researcher investigated the impact of packaging

38
 on the customer experience in the online grocery industry. The authors
conducted a survey of online grocery shoppers and found that packaging
design and functionality can affect the perceived quality of the products and
the overall customer satisfaction.

• Chen & et al. (2021) The author proposed a new material handling system
for warehouse automation. The system uses a combination of AGVs and a
centralized control system to automate material handling processes and
improve warehouse efficiency. The author also proposed a scheduling
algorithm to optimize the allocation of material handling tasks to different
equipment based on their availability and workload.

• Jia and others (2021) This study focused on the optimization of packaging
size and weight to improve the logistics efficiency and sustainability. The
authors conducted a case study of a Chinese logistics company and found
that optimizing packaging size and weight can reduce the transportation
costs and environmental impact, while improving the delivery time and
customer satisfaction.

• Jung, H., & Kim, K. (2020) This study analyzes the effects of smart
packaging technology on supply chain management. The authors discuss
various types of smart packaging technology, such as RFID and QR codes,
and highlight the benefits of these technologies, such as improved supply
chain visibility and efficiency. The study is relevant to the topic of material
handling and storage packaging in logistics, as it provides insights into the
potential benefits of smart packaging technology in improving logistics
operations.

• Singh A., & Sharma S. (2020) This study provides a literature review of
material handling cost reduction in supply chain management. The authors
discuss various techniques for reducing material handling costs, such as
automation, lean manufacturing, and optimization algorithms. The study is
relevant to the topic of material handling and storage packaging in logistics,
as it highlights the importance of reducing material handling costs in
39
 logistics operations.

• Yang & Others (2020) The author focused on the impact of packaging
design and material selection on the customer experience and
environmental impact in the e-commerce industry. The authors conducted a
survey of online shoppers and found that the packaging design and material
selection can affect the customer experience and the environmental impact
of logistics operations, with sustainable packaging practices being preferred
by the customers.

• Pervan I., & Pavlic D. (2020) This study focuses on the role of smart
packaging in driving supply chain sustainability. The authors discuss
various types of smart packaging, such as active and intelligent packaging,
and highlight the potential benefits of these packaging technologies,
including reduced waste and improved supply chain visibility. The study is
relevant to the topic of material handling and storage packaging in logistics,
as it emphasizes the importance of sustainable packaging in improving
logistics operations.

• Ananda & Nagesh (2020) The study focused on the impact of packaging
design on logistics operations in the e-commerce industry. The authors
conducted a case study of an Indian e-commerce company and found that
a well-designed packaging system can improve the operational efficiency
and customer experience, while reducing the environmental impact.

• Chiu Y. T., Chen M. H., & Chen M. C. (2020) This study provides a review
of the influence of packaging design on logistics performance. The authors
discuss various factors that influence the design of packaging, such as
product protection, ease of handling, and sustainability. The study also
highlights the impact of packaging design on logistics performance,
including the reduction of transportation costs and the improvement of
inventory management. The study is relevant to the topic of material
handling and storage packaging in logistics, as it emphasizes the
importance of packaging design in improving logistics performance.
40
• Li & Others (2020) The researcher investigated the impact of packaging
design on the consumer behavior and purchase intention in the e-
commerce industry. The authors conducted a survey of online shoppers
and found that packaging design, including the aesthetics, functionality, and
branding, can affect the consumer behavior and increase the purchase
intention.

• Abdel-Malek L., & El-Amine M. (2020) This study provides a literature

review of the role of packaging in logistics sustainability. The authors
discuss the impact of packaging on various aspects of logistics
sustainability, such as environmental sustainability and social responsibility.
The study also highlights the importance of packaging design and materials
in achieving sustainable logistics operations. The study is relevant to the
topic of material handling and storage packaging in logistics, as it
emphasizes the role of packaging in achieving sustainable logistics
operations.

• Shen & Others (2020) The study focused on the optimization of packaging
design and material selection for the food industry. The authors conducted
a case study of a Chinese food company and found that optimizing
packaging design and material selection can improve the product safety
and quality, reduce the transportation costs, and enhance the brand image.

• Vazquez-Bustelo D., & Seseña-López J. M. (2020) This study provides a

review of recent advances in automated material handling systems. The
authors discuss various types of automated material handling systems,
such as automated storage and retrieval systems and autonomous mobile
robots, and highlight the benefits and challenges of these systems. The
study also discusses the potential impact of these systems on logistics
operations, including improved efficiency and reduced labor costs. The
study is relevant to the topic of material handling and storage packaging in
logistics, as it provides insights into the potential benefits of automated
material handling systems in logistics operations.
41
 CHAPTER 3 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

Research methodology is mainly needed to have the research process, the

designs, and the tools that are to be used for the purpose. Research methodology
helps to find measures to improve material handling and storage packaging. This
time research methodology is framed to find the suitable types of storage
packaging and the best services provided by GTL to the customers.

3.1. RESEARCH DESIGN

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH DESIGN

Correlational research design is a study that investigates the relationship between

two variables or more.

3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Convenience Sampling

Convenience sampling is a type of non-probability sampling method where the

sample is taken from a group of people easy to contact or to reach.

3.3. SOURCES OF DATA

Data collection is the term used to describe the process of preparing and collecting
data.

• Primary Data - Questionnaire

• Secondary Data – Research public articles, Journals, Books, Websites

3.4. STRUCTURE OF QUESTIONNAIRE

42
The questionnaire was divided into two parts. The first part was designed to know
the general information about GTL customers and the second part contains
respondents’ opinions about GTL.

• Demographic Questions
• Likert Scaling Questions

3.5. SAMPLE SIZE

The researcher circulated the questionnaire among 270 customers and got 130
responses.

3.6. PERIOD OF STUDY

The study conducted during the period of January - March 2023.

3.7. LOCATION AND TRAGETED PEOPLE OF STUDY

The study was done in Chennai district with the customers who prefer GTL as their
priority.

3.8. TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS

To analyze the problem researcher used correlation analysis, frequency table,

Anova and chi-square to find the measures to improve material handling and
storage packaging.

43
 CHAPTER 4 – DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS

4.1. PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS:

Table 4.1.1. Gender of the respondents

OPTIONS RESPODENTS PERCENTAGE

Male 88 67.7
Female 42 32.3

Chart 4.1.1. Gender of the respondents

INTERPRETATIONS:
From the above table, it is interpreted that the number of male respondents is
67.7%, and the number of female respondents is 32.3%.

44
Table 4.1.2. Indicating the age of the respondents

OPTIONS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

21-30 34 26.2
31-40 48 36.9
41-50 39 30
51-60 9 6.9

Chart 4.1.2. Indicating the age of the respondents

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table, it is interpreted that the number of respondents between the
age of 21-30 is 26.2%, the number of respondents between 31-40 is 36.9%, the
number of respondents between 41-50 is 30%, and the number of respondents
between 51-60 is 6.9%.

45
Table 4.1.3. Indicating the satisfactory level of the customer in material handling in
GTL

OPTIONS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly Disagree 0 0
Disagree 0 0
Neutral 3 2.3
Agree 68 52.3
Strongly Agree 59 45.4

Chart 4.1.3. Indicating the satisfactory level of the customer in material handling in
GTL

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table it is interpreted that the number of respondents who strongly
disagree (0%), the number of respondents who disagree with the statement is (0%),
the number of respondents who stays neutral about the statement is (2.3%), the
number of respondents who agree for the statement is (52.3%), and the number of
the respondents who strongly agree for the statement is (45.4%).

46
Table 4.1.4. Indicating the satisfactory level of the customer in the packaging in GTL

OPTIONS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly Disagree 0 0
Disagree 0 0
Neutral 4 3.1
Agree 58 44.6
Strongly Agree 68 52.3

Chart 4.1.4. Indicating the satisfactory level of the customer in the packaging in GTL

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table, it is interpreted that the number of respondents who stays
neutral for the statement is 3.1%, the number of respondents who agree for the
statement is 44.6%, and the number of respondents who strongly agree for the
statement is 52.3%.

47
Table 4.1.5. Indicating the satisfactory level of the customer in the individual
packaging of goods

OPTIONS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly Disagree 0 0
Disagree 0 0
Neutral 5 3.8
Agree 65 50
Strongly Agree 60 46.2

Chart 4.1.5. Indicating the satisfactory level of the customer in the individual
packaging of goods

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table, it is interpreted that the number of respondents who stays
neutral for the statement is (3.8%), the number of respondents who agree with the
statement is (50%), and the number of respondents who strongly agree with the
statement is (46.2%).

48
Table 4.1.6. Indicating the satisfactory level of the customer in the inner packaging of
goods

OPTIONS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly Disagree 0 0
Disagree 0 0
Neutral 8 6.2
Agree 59 45.4
Strongly Agree 63 48.5
Chart 4.1.6. Indicating the satisfactory level of the customer in the inner packaging of
goods

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table, it is interpreted that the number of respondents who stays
neutral for the statement is (6.2%), the number of respondents who agree with the
statement is (45.4%), and the number of respondents who strongly agree with the
statement is (48.5%).

49
Table: 4.1.7. Indicating the satisfactory level of the customer in the outer packaging of
goods

OPTIONS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly Disagree 0 0
Disagree 1 0.8
Neutral 6 4.6
Agree 70 53.8
Strongly Agree 53 40.8

Chart 4.1.7. Indicating the satisfactory level of the customer in the outer packaging of
goods

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table, it is interpreted that the number of respondents who disagree
with the statement is (0.8%), the number of respondents who stay neutral about the
statement is (4.6%), the number of respondents who agrees with the statement is
(53.8%), and the number of respondents who strongly agree with the statement is
(40.8%).

50
Table: 4.1.8. Indication of the customer having good experience in GTL

OPTION RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly Disagree 0 0
Disagree 0 0
Neutral 2 1.5
Agree 60 46.2
Strongly Agree 68 52.3

Chart 4.1.8. Indication of the customer having good experience in GT

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table, it is interpreted that the number of respondents who stay
neutral on the statement is (1.5%), the number of respondents who agree with the
statement is (46.2%), and the number of respondents who strongly agree with the
statement is (52.3%).

51
Table: 4.1.9. Indication of customers having strong customer service in GTL

OPTION RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly Disagree 0 0
Disagree 0 0
Neutral 2 1.5
Agree 55 42.3
Strongly Agree 73 56.2

Chart 4.1.9. Indication of customer having strong customer service in GTL

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table, the number of respondents who strongly disagree with the
statement is (0%), the number of respondents who disagree for the statement is (0%),
the number of respondents who stays neural with the statement is (1.5%), the number
of respondents who agree with the statement is (42.3%), and the number of
respondents who strongly agree with the statement is (56.2%).

52
Table: 4.1.10. Indication of customers who have been experiencing many
services in GTL

OPTIONS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly Disagree 0 0
Disagree 0 0
Neutral 8 6.2
Agree 59 45.4
Strongly Agree 63 48.5

Chart 4.1.10. Indication of customer who have been experiencing many services in
GTL

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table, it is interpreted that the number of respondents who strongly
disagree with the statement is (0%), the number of respondents who disagree with
the statement is (0%), the number of respondents who stay neutral with the statement
is (6.2%), the number of respondents who agree with the statement is (45.5%), and
the number of respondents who strongly agree for the statement is (48.5%).

53
Table: 4.1.11. Indication of customers who experienced proper timing in GTL

OPTIONS RESPODENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly Disagree 0 0
Disagree 0 0
Neutral 4 3.1
Agree 49 37.7
Strongly Agree 77 59.2

Chart 4.1.11. Indication of customers who experienced proper timing in GTL

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table, it is interpreted that the number of respondents who strongly
disagree with the statement is (0%), the number of respondents who disagree with
the statement is (0%), the number of respondents who stays neutral with the
statement is (3.1%), the number of respondents who agree with the statement is
(37.7%), and the number of respondents who strongly agree with the statement is
(59.2%).

54
Table: 4.1.12. Indication of customer who uses tracking system

OPTIONS RESPODENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly Disagree 0 0
Disagree 0 0
Neutral 2 1.5
Agree 51 39.2
Strongly Agree 77 59.2

Chart 4.1.12. Indication of customer who uses tracking system

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table, it is interpreted that the number of respondents who strongly
disagree with the statement is (0%), the number of respondents who disagree with
the statement is (0%), the number of respondents who stays neutral with the
statement is (1.5%), the number of respondents who agree with the statement is
(39.2%), and the number of respondents who strongly agree with the statement is
(59.2%).

55
4.2 FREQUENCY TABLE

TABLE: 4.2.1. AUTOMATED STORAGE

Measures to improve material handling [AutomatedStorage]

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 3 5 3.8 3.8 3.8
4 52 40.0 40.0 43.8
5 73 56.2 56.2 100.0
Total 130 100.0 100.0

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table, it is interpreted that the number of respondents who stays
neutral with the statement is (3.8%), the number of respondents who agrees with the
statement is (40%), the number of respondents who strongly agree with the statement
is (56.2%).

56
TABLE: 4.2.2. AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLES

Measures to improve material handling [Automated Guided

Vehicles]

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 3 7 5.4 5.4 5.4
4 74 56.9 56.9 62.3
5 49 37.7 37.7 100.0
Total 130 100.0 100.0

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table, it is interpreted that the number of respondents who stays
neutral with the statement is (5.4%), the number of respondents who agree with the
statement is (56.9), and the number of respondents who strongly agree with the
statement is (37.7%).

57
TABLE: 4.2.3. CASTERS AND WHEELS

Measures to improve material handling [Casters and Wheels]

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 3 10 7.7 7.7 7.7
4 69 53.1 53.1 60.8
5 51 39.2 39.2 100.0
Total 130 100.0 100.0

INTERPRETATIONS:

The number of respondents who stay neutral with the statement is (7.7%), the
number of respondents who agree with the statement is (53.1%), the number of
respondents who strongly agree with the statement is (39.2%).

58
TABLE: 4.2.4. CONVEYORS

Measures to improve material handling [Conveyors]

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 3 1 .8 .8 .8
4 64 49.2 49.2 50.0
5 65 50.0 50.0 100.0
Total 130 100.0 100.0

INTERPRETATIONS:

The number of respondents who stay neutral with the statement is (0.8%), the
number of respondents who agree with the statement is (49.2%), the number of
respondents who strongly agree with the statement is (50.0%).

59
TABLE: 4.2.5. DOCK EQUIPMENT

Measures to improve material handling [Dock Equipment]

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 3 1 .8 .8 .8
4 51 39.2 39.2 40.0
5 78 60.0 60.0 100.0
Total 130 100.0 100.0

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table, it is interpreted that the number of respondents who stays
neutral with the statement is (0.8%), the number of respondents who agree with the
statement is (39.2%), and the number of respondents who strongly agree with the
statement is (60%).

60
TABLE: 4.2.6. AUTOMATION

Measures to improve storage packaging [Automation]

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 3 5 3.8 3.8 3.8
4 52 40.0 40.0 43.8
5 73 56.2 56.2 100.0
Total 130 100.0 100.0

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table, the number of respondents who stay neutral with the statement
is (3.8%), the number of respondents who agree with the statement is (40.0%), and
the number of respondents who strongly agree with the statement is (56.2%).

61
TABLE: 4.2.7. RIGHT SIZING OF CARTONS

Measures to improve storage packaging [Right Sizing of Cartons]

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 3 7 5.4 5.4 5.4
4 57 43.8 43.8 49.2
5 66 50.8 50.8 100.0
Total 130 100.0 100.0

INTERPRETATIONS:

The number of respondents who stay neutral with the statement is (5.4%), the
number of respondents who agree with the statement is (43.8%), and the number of
respondents who strongly agree with the statement is (50.8%).

62
TABLE: 4.2.8. PROPER PACKAGING STATION

Measures to improve storage packaging [Proper Packaging

Station]

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 2 1 .8 .8 .8
3 4 3.1 3.1 3.8
4 62 47.7 47.7 51.5
5 63 48.5 48.5 100.0
Total 130 100.0 100.0

INTERPRETATIONS:

The number of respondents who disagree with the statement is (0.8%), the number of
respondents who stay neutral with the statement is (3.1%), the number of
respondents who agree with the statement is (47.7%), and the number of
respondents who strongly agree with the statement is (48.5%).

63
4.3. CORRELATION ANALYSIS

Correlation analysis in research is a statistical method used to measure the

strength of the linear relationship between two variables and compute their
association.

HYPOTHESIS

H0 (Null Hypothesis): There is no significant relationship between age and material

handling.
H1 (Alternative Hypothesis): There is a significant relationship between age and
material handling.

Material
handling in
GTL is
AGE satisfactory
AGE Pearson Correlation 1 .017
Sig. (2-tailed) .845
N 130 130
Material handling in GTL Pearson Correlation .017 1
is satisfactory
Sig. (2-tailed) .845
N 130 130

INTERPRETATIONS:

The p-vale (0.845) is greater than the alpha-vale (0.005). Hence null hypothesis is
accepted. Therefore, there is no relationship between age and material handling.

64
4.4. ANOVA

Anova is a statistical formula used to compare variances across the means of

different groups.

HYPOTHESIS

H0 (Null Hypothesis): There is no significant difference between gender and

technology.
H1 (Alternative Hypothesis): There is a significant difference between gender and
technology.

Tracking system is useful

Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups .175 1 .175 .630 .429
Within Groups 35.556 128 .278
Total 35.731 129

INTERPRETATIONS:

The p-value is (0.429) which is greater than the alpha value (0.005). Hence null
hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there is no significant difference between
gender and technology.

65
 CHAPTER 5 – FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUTIONS

5.1. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

• Most (67.7%) of the respondents are male.

• Mainstream (36.9%) of the respondents is between 31-40.
• Preponderance (52.3%) of the respondents agree with the statement
“Material handling in GTL is satisfactory.”
• Dominant (52.3%) of the respondents strongly agree with the statement
“Packaging in GTL is up to the standards.”
• Leading (50%) of the respondents agree with the statement “Individual
packaging is good.”
• Primary (48.5%) of the respondents strongly agree with the statement
“Inner packaging is good.”
• Prevailing (53.8%) of the respondents agree with the statement “Outer
packaging is decent".
• Greater part (52.3%) of the respondent strongly agrees with the
statement “GTL have a good experience.”
• Bulk (56.2%) of the respondents strongly agree with the statement “GTL
has strong customer service.”
• Mass (48.5%) of the respondents strongly agree for the statement “GTL
offers many services.”
• Plurality (59.2%) of the respondents strongly agree with the statement
“GTL is time-oriented”.
• Majority (59.2%) of the respondents strongly agree with the statement
“Tracking system is useful”.
• Largest share (56.2%) of the respondents strongly agree that automated
storage is a measure to improve material handling.
• Predominant (56.9%) of the respondents agree with that automated
guided vehicles as a measure to improve material handling.
• Core (53.1%) of the respondents agree with the casters and wheels as
the measure to improve material handling.
• Principal (50.0%) of the respondents strongly agree with conveyors as

66
 the measure to improve material handling.
• Majoritarian (60%) of the respondents strongly agree with dock
equipment as the measure to improve material handling.
• Common (56.2%) of the respondents strongly agree with automation as
the measure to improve packaging.
• Popular (50.8%) of the respondents strongly agree with the Rightsizing
cartoons as the measure to improve packaging.
• Standard (48.5%) of the respondents strongly agree with proper
packaging stations as the measure to improve packaging.
• As per correlation null hypothesis is accepted “There is no relationship
between age and material handling.”
• As per Anova null hypothesis is accepted “There is no relationship
between gender and technology.”

5.2. SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• The overall experience from the index to the study reveals that the
maximum customers enjoy the services provided by GTL.
• Many respondents strongly agree that the inner packaging is good, it is
worth exploring ways to improve it further. This can be achieved by
investing in better materials that offer more protection to the products during
transportation and storage.
• Respondents strongly agree that GTL is time-oriented, it may be worthwhile
to prioritize time efficiency in all aspects of the logistics process. This can
include investing in technologies that can speed up the handling and
packaging of goods, as well as optimizing transportation routes to reduce
delivery times.
• From the analysis the GTL company is likely to have a good reputation
among the customers.
• Respondents choose dock equipment as the best measure to improve
material handling, a suggestion for Good Trans Logistics would be to invest
in high-quality dock equipment. Some examples of dock equipment that

67
 can improve material handling include loading dock levelers, dock lifts, dock
seals and shelters, yard ramps, and dock bumpers.
• Overall, these suggestions can help improve the material handling and
storage packaging at GTL and satisfy customers.

5.3. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

• The study is confined to the Chennai district only

• The study is based on the customer perception of GTL.
• The analysis in spss is made fully with the primary data given by the
respondents.

5.4. CONCLUSION

The study on material handling and storage packaging in logistics has provided
valuable insights into the current practices and areas for improvement at Good
Trans Logistics. The study found that the company's material handling and storage
packaging practices are generally satisfactory, but there are some areas for
improvement to meet customer preferences and enhance overall efficiency. By
understanding the most preferred packages by customers, discovering the most
desirable qualities of Good Trans Logistics, and exploring the use of technology,
the project identified several recommendations to improve material handling and
storage packaging that will ultimately lead to higher customer satisfaction.

Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that Good Trans Logistics
has satisfactory material handling and storage packaging practices that are up to
customer standards. Many respondents agreed that the individual packaging,
inner packaging, and outer packaging provided by GTL are good and among
them, outer packaging has been rated high. Additionally, many respondents
strongly agreed that GTL has good experience, strong customer service, and is
time-oriented.

68
Regarding measures to improve material handling, the respondents strongly
agreed that automated storage, automated guided vehicles, conveyors, and dock
equipment are effective measures and among them dock equipment has been
rated high. In terms of packaging, the respondents strongly agreed that
automation, rightsizing cartons, and proper packaging stations are effective
measures to improve packaging and among them, proper packaging stations rated
high.

Furthermore, the study found that there is no significant relationship between age
and material handling, as well as between gender and technology.

Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the current practices and areas
for improvement in material handling and storage packaging at Good Trans
Logistics. The recommended measures identified in the study can help GTL
improve its efficiency, reduce costs, and ultimately increase customer satisfaction.
By continuously evaluating and improving their practices, logistics companies like
GTL can remain competitive in today's globalized world.

69
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Chain Sustainability
• Ananda & Nagesh (2020): Impact of Packaging Design on Logistics

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 Operations in E-commerce Industry
• Chiu Y. T., Chen M. H., & Chen M. C. (2020): Influence of Packaging
Design on Logistics Performance
• Li & Others (2020): Impact of Packaging Design on Consumer Behavior and
Purchase Intention in E-commerce
• Abdel-Malek L., & El-Amine M. (2020): Role of Packaging in Logistics
Sustainability
• Shen & Others (2020): Optimization of Packaging Design and Material
Selection for Food Industry
• Vazquez-Bustelo D., & Seseña-López J. M. (2020): Recent Advances in
Automated Material Handling Systems

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 ANNEXURE I – QUESTIONNAIRE

A STUDY ON MATERIAL HANDLING AND STORAGE PACKAGING AT GOOD

TRANS LOGISTICS

1. Name
2. Gender
• Male
• Female
3. Age
• 21-30
• 31-40
• 41-50
• 51-60
4. Material handling in GTL is satisfactory
• Strongly Disagree
• Disagree
• Neutral
• Agree
• Strongly Agree
5. Packaging in GTL is up to the standards
• Strongly Disagree
• Disagree
• Neutral
• Agree
• Strongly Agree
6. Individual packaging is good
• Strongly Disagree
• Disagree
• Neutral
• Agree
• Strongly Agree
7. Inner packaging is good

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 • Strongly Disagree
• Disagree
• Neutral
• Agree
• Strongly Agree
8. Outer packaging is decent
• Strongly Disagree
• Disagree
• Neutral
• Agree
• Strongly Agree
9. GTL have good experience
• Strongly Disagree
• Disagree
• Neutral
• Agree
• Strongly Agree
10. GTL have strong customer service
• Strongly Disagree
• Disagree
• Neutral
• Agree
• Strongly Agree
11. GTL offer many services
• Strongly Disagree
• Disagree
• Neutral
• Agree
• Strongly Agree
12. GTL is time oriented
• Strongly Disagree
• Disagree

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 • Neutral
• Agree
• Strongly Agree
13. Tracking system is useful
• Strongly Disagree
• Disagree
• Neutral
• Agree
• Strongly Agree
14. Measures to improve material handling
• Automated Storage
• Automated Guided Vehicles
• Casters and Wheels
• Conveyors
• Dock Equipment
15. Measures to improve storage packaging
• Proper Packaging Station
• Right Sizing of Cartons
• Automation

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 ANNEXTURE II – RESEARCH ARTICLE

A STUDY ON MATERIAL HANDLING AND STORAGE PACKAGING AT GOOD TRANS

LOGISTICS
1
A. Ansela, 2Dr. R. Blessie pathmu
1
MBA student, School of Management Studies, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai,
Tamilnadu, India
2
Assistant Professor, School of Management Studies, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology,
Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

ABSTRACT

The researcher investigates the material handling and storage packaging at Good Trans Logistics. The
primary objective is to know about the material handling and storage packaging process and to identify areas
of improvement. The secondary objective is to study the types of packaging, most desirable qualities, and
technologies and to find the best measure to improve these. By examining these factors, the study aims to
recommend a suitable measure for material handling and storage packaging that satisfies the customer. The
findings of the study will help the GTL to improve the practices of material handling and storage packaging.

Key Words: Material handling, storage packaging

INTRODUCTION

Material handling and storage packaging are very much important in logistics. Material handling involves
the movement, storage, and protection throughout the processing starting from the manufacturing,
warehousing, consumption, and distribution. Effective material handling will improve productivity, reduce
cost, minimize waste, maximize customer satisfaction, etc. Storage packaging refers to the type of packaging
we use to protect, organize, and store goods during transportation and warehousing. Proper packaging will
prevent the material from damage, spoilage, and contamination and helps in loading, unloading, and
inventory management. In conclusion, both material handling and storage packaging are the key elements of
logistics that help the company to grow more.

REVIEW OF LITERATIURE

Hans-Henrik Hvolby, Fabio Sgarbassa, and Jan ola Strandhagen (2023) The researcher uses multiple case
studies to map sterile instrument logistics and evaluate the transportation performance of material handling
systems in terms of flexibility, productivity, quality, and costs.

Brajesh Kumar Panda, Shubham Subrot Anigrahi, et al. (2023) This study focuses on the mechanism of end
effector robots in the food handling process. The food industry has been evolving continuously in
implementing robots due to the varied characteristic of different food materials. Efforts have been proposed
to design soft robots for flexible adaptation in material handling during various food processing operations.
These operations are carried out by the robot's end effectors.

Taniya Mukherjee, Isha Sangal, et al. (02 Dec 2022) This study aims to optimize the material handling cost
within a cross-dock when goods are unloaded and transferred from the dock area to the storage area. The
result explains that a variation in the number of inbound trucks, product quality, and pallet handling prices
influence the net material handling cost. It also verifies that applying direct transfer of product through
cross-docking is economical as fewer products in storage reduce the handling cost.

Li & et al. (2021) The author proposed a new method for optimizing material handling paths in warehouse
management to minimize the total travel distance and time of material handling equipment. The study
demonstrates the effectiveness of the method to reduce travel distance and improve warehouse efficiency.

Pervan I., & Pavlic D. (2020) The study focuses on the role of smart packaging in driving supply chain
sustainability. The author discusses various types of smart packaging, such as active and intelligent
packaging, including reduced waste and improved supply chain visibility.

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OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
Primary Objective

• To study the material handling and storage packaging at Good Trans Logistics.

Secondary Objective

• To understand the most preferred packages by the customers.

• To discover the most desirable qualities of GTL.

NEED OF THE STUDY

• To keep away the unnecessary and deficient level of inventories in the organization.
• To increase the service to the customer through short, convenient, and conveyance.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

• To give the arrangement to the organizations like what to arrange, when to arrange and the amount
to be arranged.
• To find the most desirable qualities.
• To acknowledge the most preferred packages.

DATA ANALYSIS

• PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS
Indicating the age of the respondents

OPTIONS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

21-30 34 26.2
31-40 48 36.9
41-50 39 30
51-60 9 6.9

INTERPRETATIONS:

From the above table, it is interpreted that the number of respondents between the age of 21-30 is 26.2%, the
number of respondents between 31-40 is 36.9%, the number of respondents between 41-50 is 30%, and
number of respondents between 51-60 is 6.9%.

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INFERENCE:

The majority (36.9%) of the respondents are between 31-40.

• CORRELATION ANALYSIS
Correlation analysis in research is a statistical method used to measure the strength of the linear relationship
between two variables and compute their association.

HYPOTHESIS

H0 (Null Hypothesis): There is no significant relationship between age and materialhandling.

H1 (Alternative Hypothesis): There is a significant relationship between age and material handling.

Material
handling
inGTL is
AGE satisfactory
AGE Pearson Correlation 1 .017
Sig. (2-tailed) .845
N 130 130
Material handling in GTL Pearson Correlation .017 1
is satisfactory Sig. (2-tailed) .845
N 130 130

INTERPRETATIONS:

The p-vale (0.845) is greater than the alpha vale (0.005). Hence null hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there
is no relationship between age and material handling.

INFERENCE:

There is no relationship between age and material handling.

• ANOVA
Anova is a statistical formula used to compare variances across the means of different groups.

HYPOTHESIS

H0 (Null Hypothesis): There is no significant difference between gender and technology.

H1 (Alternative Hypothesis): There is a significant difference between gender and technology.

The tracking system is useful

Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups .175 1 .175 .630 .429
Within Groups 35.556 128 .278
Total 35.731 129

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INTERPRETATIONS:

The p-value is (0.429) which is greater than the alpha value (0.005). Hence null hypothesis is accepted.
Therefore, there is no significant difference between gender and technology.

INFERENCE:

There is no significant difference between gender and technology.

SUGGESTIONS

The overall experience from the index to the study reveals that GTL has good experience and strong
customer service. According to the respondents, GTL can improve their company by focusing a little more
on packaging, features, technologies, etc. Dock equipment and automation are the best measures to improve
material handling and storage packaging.

CONCLUSION

The study found that the material handling and storage packaging which the company is following are
satisfactory, but there are some areas to be improved. By understanding the most preferred packages,
qualities, and technologies' the researcher identified many suggestions to improve material handling and
storage packaging that will lead to higher customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the researcher found that there
is no relationship between age and material handling and there is no relationship between gender and
technology. The suggested measure identified by the researcher in this study will help GTL to improve its
efficiency, reduce cost, and improve customer satisfaction.

REFERENCE

• Autonomous mobile robots in sterile instrument logistics: an evaluation of the material handling
system for a strategic fit.
• Robotics for general material handling machines in food plants.
• The effect of material handling automation on logistics performance.
• A multi-objective optimization model for storage location-allocation in a cross-docking center.
• Improved genetic algorithm for material handling system optimization in logistics.

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