University of
unilorin
Faculty of communication and information sciences
Department of information technology
Operating systems (ics 205 practical)
A laboratory report on storage
allocation and defragmentation
Lecturer in charge : Miss Bisola
Date submitted: 26th January 2025
Name: AbdulRosheed raji Damilare
Matric number :22/52HL148
AIM
Identifying the step by step allocation and
Defragmentation process on windows 10
Objectives
1. Storage allocation
Procedures or storage allocation on windows 10
Pictorial illustration of the above procedures (screenshots)
2. Defragmentation
Definition and procedures for defragmentation on windows 10 (screenshots)
Pictorial illustration of the defragmentation process
Report title
A complete step by step storage and
defragmentation processes
STORAGE ALLOCATION:
This refers to the process of allocating storage space for data and programs on a
computer system. This includes allocating space for files, databases, and program
code. The operating system is responsible for managing storage allocation. There
are basically two main types of storage allocation Static - In static, the amount of
storage space allocated to a program or data is fixed at the time of allocation.
This means that once the space is allocated, it cannot be changed without
recompiling the program or modifying the data • Dynamic - In Dynamic, the
amount of storage space allocated to a program or data can be changed at run
time. This allows programs to allocate and deallocate memory dynamically as
needed
Storage allocation is a crucial process in computer systems, involving the
assignment of storage space for various data and programs. This allocation
encompasses files, databases, and program code, all of which require specific
amounts of space to function effectively. The responsibility of managing storage
allocation falls on the operating system, which ensures that resources are
distributed efficiently.
There are two primary types of storage allocation: Static and Dynamic. In Static
allocation, the storage space assigned to a program or data is fixed at the time of
allocation. This means that once the space is allocated, it remains constant unless
the program is recompiled or the data is modified. For example, when a program
is compiled, a specific amount of memory is allocated for variables, functions, and
other components.
On the other hand, Dynamic allocation allows for the adjustment of storage space
during runtime. This flexibility enables programs to allocate and deallocate
memory as needed, depending on the requirements of the system. For instance,
in a dynamic memory allocation scenario, a program can request additional
memory when processing large datasets and release it once the task is
completed.
Overall, understanding the differences between Static and Dynamic storage
allocation is essential for efficient resource management in computer systems. By
grasping these concepts, developers and system administrators can optimize
memory usage and enhance the performance of software applications.
PROCEDUES FOR STORAGE ALLOCATION ON WINDOWS 10
In order for a storage allocation to be allocated, it has to follow these following
steps:
STEP 1: Opening your file explore, on the left Nav-bar you see an Icon named
THIS PC, Right Click on it, bringing out several options select the option that
has MANAGE (Fig.1)
STEP 2: Redirecting you to the computer management after execution, in which
includes your • System Tools • Storage • Services and Applications
Click on the STORAGE button (Fig. 2)
STEP 3: select the disk management after execution of the storage(fig 3)
STEP 4: taking you to your disk management, right click on the
windows(c:) and select shrink volume as seen in (FIG 3)
Step 5: wait for the querying shrink space to finish executing
Step 6: after execution assign the amount of space you want to execute e.g 100
mb then shrink.
STEP 7: After execution, the space has been giving but not yet allocated, Right-
click on the Unallocated space, bringing the pop up of a New Simple Volume
Wizard, then click on next
STEP 8: Keep on Selecting the next option until the Format Partition, Click the
Volume Label input and Rename (Fig.5)
Deleting the allocated space
Step 10: click on the delete volme (fig.6)
Step 11: Right click on the new allocated space
Step 12: once executed it wil go back to unallocated block tap
RESTORING SHRINKED VOLUME
STEP 13: right click on the windows c as seen in fig 3
Step 14: click on extend volume then click on next until you see
finish. Your volume has been restored
DEFRAGMENTATON
This process involves optimizing the data storage on a hard drive or any other
storage medium. When files are saved to the hard drive, the data is often
fragmented and scattered across various locations on the disk. This fragmentation
can result in slower read and write speeds as the hard drive must search for and
retrieve all the file fragments when accessed.
Defragmentation entails scanning the hard drive to identify fragmented files and
then reorganizing the fragments to store them in contiguous blocks. This can be
automated by the operating system or done manually using a defragmentation
tool. Apart from enhancing computer performance, defragmentation can also
extend the lifespan of the hard drive by reducing wear and tear on the disk. This
is because the hard drive operates more efficiently when accessing data stored in
contiguous blocks.
PROCEDURES FOR DEFRAGMENTATION PROCESSEES ON WINDOWS
10
STEP 1: On your PC just as in Fig. 1, Right click on your Local Disk (C:), and select
the options with Windows Properties (Fig. 1)
STEP 2: This takes you to your local disk properties which includes General,
Tools, Hardware, Sharing and also a Disk Cleanup Option (Fig.2)
STEP 3: Select the Disk Cleanup Option (Fig. 2)
STEP 4: After Execution this redirects you to the Disk Cleanup
where you can select the items you want to defragment. (Fig,3)
Step 5: select and click on the ok button to execute
Step 6: After execution, defragmentation has occurred
