HEALTH 7
First Aid Concepts, Objectives,
and Principles
First Aid for Common Conditions
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners must be
able to:
1. Identify the meaning and importance,
objective, and principles of First Aid
2. Demonstrate various ways to apply First Aid
in Different Common Conditions
First Aid Concepts,
Objectives, and
Principles
What is first aid?
how can it save lives and
assist those in need
before professional help
arrives?
first aid
The immediate and temporary care
given to an individual suffering
from an injury or illness until
professional medical help can be
provided.
first aid
Preserve life, prevent the condition
from worsening, and promote
recovery providing immediate care
first aid
Can be performed with limited
equipment and is based on the
principles of assessing the
situation, providing care to
stabilize the patient, and seeking
further medical assistance when
necessary
aims of first aid
preserve life
The foremost aim of first aid, which
includes performing life-saving
techniques such as CPR
(cardiopulmonary resuscitation) when
necessary
Prevent further injury
Helps in stabilizing the condition of
the victim to prevent any
additional harm
Promote recovery
Includes applying cold compresses
to reduce swelling, cleaning and
dressing wounds, or simply
comforting and reassuring the
victim
first aid for
common conditions
insect and animal bites
wounds
insect and animal bites; wounds
Clean the wound/bite with water
For wounds: Apply an antibiotic
ointment
Cover with a sterile bandage
Seek medical attention if there is a
risk of rabies or if an allergic
reaction occurs
insect and animal bites; wounds
Clean the wound/bite with water
For bites: Apply a cold pack to
reduce swelling
Seek medical attention if there is a
risk of rabies or if an allergic
reaction occurs
burns
burns
Cool the burn under running water
for several minutes
Apply antibiotic ointment directly
Cover with a sterile, non-adhesive
bandage
Avoid applying ice directly to the
burn (around the burn)
bleeding
bleeding
Clean the wound under running
water
Apply direct pressure with a clean
cloth, bandage, or gauze
If possible, elevate the injured area
above the heart level to reduce
bleeding
fainting
fainting
Lay the person down, loosen their
tight clothing, and elevate their
legs.
Ensure they have plenty of fresh air.
Check their pulse
poisoning
food and other forms of poisoning
If the person is conscious and not having
seizures, try to identify the poison and its
quantity ingested.
Remove anything remaining in the
person's mouth.
Do not induce vomiting unless advised by a
poison control center or a medical
professional.
food and other forms of poisoning
Keep the person calm and still to slow the
spread of the poison.
Call emergency services or a poison
control center immediately, providing
them with all the available information
about the poison.
hyperventilation
hyperventilation
Calming techniques:
Encourage the person to inhale
and then, hold their breath for a
few seconds and breathe out
slowly through pursed lips, or
breathe slowly into a paper bag.
heat-related
conditions
heat-related conditions
Heat exhaustion:
Move the person to a cooler place,
encourage them to drink water,
and cool their body by applying
wet cloths.
heat-related conditions
Heatstroke:
This is a medical emergency. Call for
emergency medical help, move the
person to a cool area, and attempt to
lower their body temperature with
cool clothes or a cool bath
heat stroke and heat exhaustion
Rapid cooling:
For heat stroke, rapid cooling is crucial.
Move the person to a shaded or air-
conditioned area, remove excess
clothing, and apply cool water or wet
cloth to the skin.
Fan the person to promote sweating and
evaporation, and if conscious, give them
sips of water.
psychological
first aid
psychological first aid
Active listening
Reassurance
Information
How can the principles of
first aid guide your actions in
an emergency?
why is it important to
practice first aid skills
regularly?
First Aid for
Musculoskeletal
Issues/Injuries
true or false
true or false
You should always try to move a
person to a comfortable position if
you suspect they have a fracture.
true or false
Applying ice to a sprained ankle
can help reduce swelling.
true or false
It is safe to apply heat immediately
to a new injury to soothe pain.
true or false
For a dislocated joint, you should
try to pop it back into place before
seeking medical help.
true or false
Elevating an injured limb can help
reduce swelling.
First Aid for
Musculoskeletal
Issues/Injuries
First Aid for Musculoskeletal
Issues/Injuries
these injuries can range from minor
discomforts that require minimal
treatment to severe injuries
necessitating medical intervention
Muscle Cramps
muscle cramps
Are sudden, involuntary contractions of
one or more muscles
Can cause intense pain and temporary
disability
Often caused by muscle fatigue,
dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, or
cold temperatures
muscle cramps - first aid
Stretch and Massage
Stretch the cramped muscle and
gently rub it.
For a calf cramp, keep the leg straight
while pulling the top of your foot on the
side that's cramped toward your face.
muscle cramps - first aid
Apply Heat
Use a heating pad on tense or tight
muscles.
Taking a warm bath or directing the
stream of a hot shower onto the
cramped muscle also can help.
Apply Cold
Rubbing the sore muscle with ice also
might relieve pain.
sprains and
strains
sprain
Injuries to ligaments, the tough bands
connecting bones in a joint
Occur when a joint is forced beyond
its normal range of motion, such as
twisting an ankle
strains - first aid
Are injuries to muscle fibers or
tendons, which attach muscles to
bones.
Result from overstretching or
overusing a muscle.
rice method
Rest, ice, compression, and elevation are
key steps in managing sprains and strains.
Use a cold pack on the injured area for 20
minutes at a time, apply a compression
bandage, and keep the injured area
elevated.
dislocations
dislocations
Occur when the ends of bones are
forced from their normal positions in a
joint
Often involves surrounding ligaments,
nerves, and blood vessels
dislocations - first aid
Don't put off medical care. Get medical
help as soon as possible.
Don't move the joint. Until you get help,
use a splint to keep the affected joint
from moving. Don't try to move a
dislocated joint or force it back into place.
dislocations - first aid
Don't move the joint. This can damage the
joint and the muscles, ligaments, nerves or
blood vessels around it.
Put ice on the injured joint. This can help
reduce swelling. Ice can control bleeding
inside the body and keep fluids from
building up in and around the injured joint.
fractures
fractures
Are breaks in bones and can range
from simple cracks to complete
breaks
Can be caused by direct blows,
twisting injuries, or falls
fractures - first aid
To avoid making the injury worse, don't
move the person unless you must. Take
these actions right away while waiting
for medical help:
Stop any bleeding. Apply pressure to
the wound with a sterile bandage
fractures
Keep the injured area from moving.
Don't try to realign the bone or push
a bone that's sticking out back in.
Apply a splint to the area above and
below the fracture sites.
fractures
Apply ice packs to limit swelling and
help relieve pain. Don't apply ice
directly to the skin. Wrap the ice in a
towel, a piece of cloth or some other
material.
fractures
Treat for shock. If the person feels
faint or is breathing in short, rapid
breaths, lay the person down with
the head slightly lower than the
trunk. If you can, raise the legs.
