Task no.

1-Describe the function of the conventional ignition system

and its main components, their function, and their working
principle?
a) The function of the conventional ignition system.
The SI internal combustion engines are required four major factors to start
and continuo to run.
1- Minimum starting speed abut (100 RPM).
2- Combustible mixture (air-fuel).
3- Compression stroke.
4- Form of ignition, and this is the function of the ignition system.
The ignition system converting the low voltage of the battery into high
voltage at specific time and transfer it to each spark plugs to make spark
that required to ignite the mixture into each combustion chamber.
b) The main components, their function, and their working principle.
components Function Operation
Battery Provides electrical energy to the Supplies a low-voltage (usually 12
ignition system. volts)
This low-voltage current is
transformed into high-voltage
power for the spark plugs.

Ignition switch Allows the driver to control the When the ignition switch is turned
ignition system by turning it on on, it allows current to flow from
or off. the battery to the ignition coil and
other parts of the ignition system.
Ignition coil Transforms the low-voltage The ignition coil is primary and
current from the battery to a secondary windings. When the
high-voltage current, typically primary winding’s magnetic field
between 15,000 to 30,000 volts. collapses, it induces a high voltage
in the secondary winding, which
then sends the high-voltage
current to the distributor.

Distributor Directs the high-voltage current The distributor rotor. The rotor
to the correct spark plug in the spins and distributes the high-
proper sequence and at the right voltage current from the coil to
time each spark plug in turn via contact
points.

Contact breaker Interrupts the flow of current in When the distributor cam opens
the ignition coil to generate the contact breaker points, it stops
high-voltage current. the current flow in the primary
coil winding, causing the magnetic
field to collapse. This induces a
high-voltage pulse in the
secondary winding.

Capacitor Prevents arcing at the contact The capacitor absorbs when the
breaker points and enhances breaker points open, helping the
spark generation. magnetic field to collapse rapidly
and generating a stronger spark. It
also reduces wear on the contact
points.

Spark plugs Ignite the air-fuel mixture in the The high-voltage current from the
combustion chamber by creating distributor reaches the spark plug,
a spark. where it jumps across the gap
generating a spark. This ignites the
air-fuel mixture.
 3- In the workshop, Utilize the appropriate tools to measure the
conventional ignition system components in the old car?
a) First before inspect or measure the conventional ignition system
components you should do some factor include:
We should wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes various
types of gear and clothing designed to protect individuals from hazards in
the workplace.
b) The appropriate tools to measure the conventional ignition system
components in the old car include this table:
Components Tools Measuring process
Battery: We will use: Procedure:
(DigitalMultimeter) Set the multimeter to
measure DC voltage and
check the battery voltage
across the terminals. The
reading should be around
12.6 volts for a fully
.charged battery

Ignition coil: Tool: :Procedure

(Digital Multimeter) Primary Winding:
Set the multimeter to
measure resistance (ohms)
and connect it across the
positive and negative
terminals of the coil. The
resistance should typically
be between (0.3 to 1.0)
Secondary Winding:
Measure the R between
the coil’s output terminal
(high-voltage terminal)
and either of the primary
terminals. It should be
between 6,000 to 10,000
Distributer: Tool: Procedure:
Visual Inspection Visually inspect the
distributor cap for any
cracks, carbon tracking, or
wear on the contacts, as
these can lead to misfires.
And also inspect the
distribute cam for any
wear.

Contact breaker: Tool: Procedure:

Feeler Gauge. Use a feeler gauge to
measure the gap between
the contact points when
they are fully open. The
gap should typically be
between (0.014 to 0.018
inches)
(check vehicle
specifications).
Capacitance: Tool: Procedure:
Multimeter with Capacitance Disconnect the condenser
Testing. from the circuit and use
the ohmmeter to check for
continuity. There should
be no continuity
(indicating it holds a
charge).
Alternatively, use a
multimeter with a
capacitance function to
test the actual capacitance
value, which should match
the vehicle’s
specifications.
Spark plugs: Tool: Procedure:
Spark Plug Gap Tool (filer Gap Tool: Use a spark
gage) plug gap tool to check the
electrode gap, which
should match the
manufacturer’s
specifications (usually
between 0.028 and 0.060
inches).

4) In the workshop. Convince the supervisor to replace the old

system by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the
conventional ignition system?
Advantages of the Conventional Ignition System:
1.Simple and Ease of Repair:
•Conventional ignition systems have fewer electronic components and are
relatively simple. This makes them easy to understand and repair, even for
technicians with basic knowledge.
2.Low Initial Cost:
These systems are used parts are often affordable and easy to find.
3.Compatibility:
The conventional system is compatible with many older engines, meaning
replacement parts and maintenance tools are readily available for older vehicles.
Disadvantages of the Conventional Ignition System:
1.Frequent Maintenance:
Conventional systems require regular maintenance, such as adjusting the
breaker points, cleaning or replacing the distributor cap, and checking the spark
plugs. This increases maintenance time and costs over the long term.
5.Limited Performance at Higher Speeds:
At higher engine speeds, the conventional ignition system struggles to maintain
optimal timing and spark quality, which can lead to misfires and reduced
performance.
4.Wear and Tear of Components:
Mechanical components like the contact breaker points wear out with use,
requiring frequent replacement. The distributor is also prone to wear and can be
affected by vibration and dirt.

Advantages of Replacing with a Modern Ignition System (Electronic

Ignition System):
1.Improved Efficiency and Performance:
Electronic ignition systems provide a more precise spark timing and stronger
spark, which leads to better combustion efficiency, improved fuel economy, and
increased power output.
2.Reduced Maintenance:
Electronic systems eliminate many of the wear-prone mechanical components
like contact breaker points, reducing the frequency and cost of maintenance.
3.Better Reliability:
Modern systems are more reliable and consistent, particularly at high speeds,
due to the absence of moving parts that can wear out.
4.Enhanced Emissions Control:
Because of the improved spark accuracy and combustion efficiency, modern
ignition systems produce fewer emissions, helping meet stricter environmental
regulations.
5.asier Starting and Improved Cold-Weather Performance:
Electronic ignition systems provide more consistent spark delivery, leading to
easier starts and better performance in cold weather.

5-In the workshop, make a Troubleshooting criteria to identify

the faults in this conventional ignition system?
In a conventional ignition system, specific symptoms can indicate
underlying issues with various components.
Here are the main symptoms and what they often mean:
-Hard Starting or No Start:
Possible Causes: Weak or dead battery, faulty ignition coil, worn-out contact
points, or faulty ignition switch.
Explanation: If the ignition coil isn’t generating sufficient voltage, or if the
battery or points are weak, there may not be enough energy to create a spark
strong enough to ignite the fuel mixture, making the engine difficult to start or
preventing it from starting altogether.
-Rough Idling:
Possible Causes: Worn distributor cap or rotor, incorrect point gap, faulty
condenser, or spark plug worn
Explanation: Rough idling can happen when the ignition timing or spark
distribution is inconsistent, often due to worn components in the distributor or
fouled spark plugs. This causes the engine to run erratically when idle.
-Loss of Power or Poor Acceleration:
Possible Causes: Weak ignition coil, incorrect ignition timing, faulty spark
plug wires, or worn spark plugs.
Explanation: Inconsistent or weak sparks mean that the fuel is not burning
efficiently, leading to reduced power and poor acceleration.
-Increased Fuel Consumption
Possible Causes: Incorrect timing, weak spark, or worn spark plugs.
Explanation: When the ignition system fails to ignite the fuel properly,
incomplete combustion can occur. This leads to higher fuel consumption as the
engine compensates for the reduced efficiency.
-Backfiring
Possible Causes: Incorrect ignition timing, worn contact points, or faulty
condenser.
Explanation: Backfiring occurs when fuel ignites outside the combustion
chamber. This allowing unburned fuel to reach the exhaust system and ignite.
- Weak or No Spark:
Possible Causes: Faulty ignition coil, worn contact points, faulty
condenser, or weak battery.
Explanation: A weak spark may not ignite the fuel mixture
effectively, leading to poor engine performance or a no-start
condition. If no spark is present, it often points to a failure in the coil
or points.
-Excessive Engine Vibration or Shaking
Possible Causes: Misfiring, incorrect timing, or worn distributor
components.
Explanation: When the ignition system doesn’t fire in the correct
order or at the right intervals, it causes the engine to run unevenly,
leading to noticeable vibrations or shaking.
NOT: Using this tables troubleshooting criterion will help in identifying
and resolving faults in a conventional ignition system efficiently.
Components Check/action Expected values
Battery Measure voltage ~12V(off) .>9.6V(cranking)
Ignition coil Measure resistance Pri:(0.3-1) Sec(6-10k) ohm
Distributor cap. Visual inspection Cap clean, ensure rotor
rotor Clean dust Undamaged
Contact breaker Measure gap Gap (0.014-0.0018)in
Condenser Test continuity No -con (correct capacitance)
Spark wires Inspect and measure Reading(5k-10k) ohm
resistance
Spark plugs Inspect measure gap Correct gap and clean

5-In the workshop, some symptoms of ignition misfiring appeared

describe them and explain how to fix?
Explanation: Misfiring occurs when the spark is inconsistent or too weak to
ignite the fuel-air mixture properly. It can cause the engine to run unevenly and
reduce power output.
Symptoms of Ignition Misfiring
1.Rough Idling: The engine runs unevenly and feels shaky or unstable when
idle.
2.Poor Acceleration: The engine lacks power or hesitates when accelerating.
3.Engine Vibrations: Misfiring can cause noticeable vibrations, especially at
low RPMs.
4.Loss of Power: Reduced engine performance and power output, especially
during acceleration.
5.Backfiring: A loud popping noise can come from the exhaust as unburned
fuel ignites outside the combustion chamber.
6.Excessive Exhaust Smoke: Black smoke from the exhaust may indicate
unburned fuel due to incomplete combustion.
The summary of causes and fix:
Causes Symptom Fix
Faulty Spark Plugs Rough idling, power Clean or replace plugs;
loss check and set correct
gap
Worn Ignition Wires Poor acceleration, rough Replace damaged wires
idling
Faulty Distributor Cap Engine vibrations, poor Replace damaged cap
and Rotor spark and rotor
Incorrect Contact Rough running, misfires Adjust or replace points;
Breaker Points set correct gap
Faulty Ignition Coil Weak spark, poor Test and replace coil if
performance resistance is incorrect
Defective Condenser weak spark Test and replace
condenser if faulty
Incorrect Ignition Backfiring, power loss Adjust timing using
Timing timing light

Task.no.2
1-To take the replacement decision, discuss the advantages of
replacing the conventional system with the transistorized ignition
system?
the advantages of replacing the conventional system with the transistorized
ignition system.
1.Increased Efficiency and Fuel Economy:
Transistorized ignition systems provide a stronger and more consistent spark
during different engine operation conditions, which helps to improve the
combustion process. This results in better fuel efficiency, as the fuel-air mixture
burns more completely.
2.Improved Spark Timing and Stability:
In conventional systems, mechanical components (like contact breakers) are
prone to wear, leading to timing inaccuracies over time. Transistorized systems,
which are electronic, provide more stable and precise spark timing, improving
engine performance.
3.Reduced Maintenance Requirements:
Conventional ignition systems require regular maintenance, such as replacing or
adjusting contact breaker points. In contrast, transistorized systems have fewer
mechanical parts, which reduces the need for frequent maintenance.
4.Enhanced Engine Performance and Power:
The consistent and powerful spark provided by a transistorized ignition system
leads to smoother engine operation and can potentially improve power output.
This is especially beneficial at higher RPMs, where conventional systems often
struggle.
5.Longer Component Lifespan:
With fewer moving parts and less mechanical wear, transistorized ignition
systems tend to last longer and are more durable than conventional systems.
6.Better Cold Starting: Transistorized systems generate a strong spark even in
cold conditions, improving the vehicle’s ability to start in lower temperatures,
which can be challenging for conventional systems.
2- If the old system will be modified, identify the main
components that should be replaced?
The main components that should be replaced in old system include:
1.Contact Breaker Points: In a conventional system, the contact points are
responsible for interrupting the current and generating the spark.
 These points are replaced: with an electronic module in a transistorized
system Called (TI-B and TI-H) systems to do the same function generating the
spark.
NOT: in the (TI-B) system we still used contact breaker with transistor.
2.Ignition Control Module (Transistorized Ignition Module):
This module replaces the function of the contact points and controls the timing
and duration of the spark electronically by replaced it with transistor.
3.Distributor:
While the distributor housing may be reused, its internal components will likely
be modified. The mechanical parts, such as the cam and contact points, are
replaced by a magnetic pickup, or optical sensor, which provides an electronic
signal for the ignition module.
4.Capacitor/Condenser:
The condenser, which suppresses electrical noise in conventional systems,
becomes obsolete in a transistorized ignition system, as the electronics manage
spark timing without relying on this component.
Components The old system Transistorize system
-Contact breaker
–cam condenser
replaced.

With transistor
unit system.

3- Explain with a schematic diagram the operation of the

transistorized ignition systems?
The basic operation of the breaker-triggered transistorized ignition system.
Current Flow in the Primary Circuit:
When the ignition switch is turned on, 12V power from the battery flows to the
primary winding of the ignition coil. However, the current does not directly pass
through the breaker points
Transistor Switching:
When the breaker points close, they complete a low-current circuit that triggers
the transistor to turn on. The transistor, in turn, allows current to flow through
the primary winding of the ignition coil.
Primary Circuit Interruption:
When the breaker points open, the circuit to the transistor base is broken,
causing the transistor to switch off. This stops the current flow through the
primary winding of the ignition coil.
High Voltage Generation:
The sudden interruption of current in the primary winding creates a high-
voltage pulse in the secondary winding of the ignition coil.
Spark Generation:
The high-voltage pulse is sent to the spark plug through the rotor inside the
distributer and high voltage weirs creating a spark that ignites the air-fuel
mixture in the combustion chamber that based on the ignition timing.

4-Discuss the different methods of generating the ignition pulses?

-the different methods of generating the ignition pulses including three
systems (TI-P TI-H TI-I).
1.In a breaker-triggered transistorized ignition system (TI-B):
ignition pulses are generated using a combination of mechanical breaker points
and a transistor. Here’s explanation of how the ignition pulses are generated in
this system.
How Generation of the Ignition Pulse works:
As the cam rotates further, it causes the breaker points to open. When the points
open, the circuit to the transistor’s base is interrupted, cutting off the transistor’s
current.
This causes the transistor to switch off, interrupting the current in the primary
coil. The sudden stop in current flow collapses the magnetic field around the
primary winding.
According to Faraday’s Law of Induction, the collapsing magnetic field induces
a high-voltage pulse in the secondary winding of the ignition coil, creating an
ignition pulse.
.

2. TI-H (Hall Effect Transistorized Ignition).

How it Works:
The TI-H system uses a Hall Effect sensor to detect changes in a magnetic field
created by a rotating interrupter or vane. As the interrupter rotates, it changes
the magnetic field detected by the Hall sensor, producing a voltage pulse each
time the field is interrupted.
Operation: When the interrupter rotates, it periodically blocks and unblocks the
magnetic field. Each interruption creates a pulse in the Hall Effect sensor,
triggering the transistor to open or close the ignition coil circuit. This switching
action induces a high-voltage pulse in the ignition coil’s secondary winding,
sending a spark to the plug.

3. TI-I (Inductive Transistorized Ignition):

How it Works:
TI-I systems use a magnetic pickup and (a toothed metal wheel) to generate
pulses. As the teeth pass by the magnetic pickup coil, they alter the magnetic
field, inducing voltage pulses in the coil
Operation:
As the engine rotates, each tooth on the teeth passes by the magnetic pickup
coil. This movement creates a series of voltage pulses as each tooth
momentarily changes the magnetic field. These pulses are then used to trigger
the transistor, switching the primary circuit in the ignition coil on and off. When
the primary circuit is interrupted, a high voltage is induced in the coil’s
secondary winding, creating the spark.