1

The Use of Am, Is and Are

Basic Sentence Structures based on Am, Is and Are
1. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Adjective geyksx dSls xjhc gSa \
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

1.
……….. (Affirmative Sentence )
How are we poor?
1- geyksx /uh gSaA We are rich. 2. og D;ksa nq[kh gS\
2. vki cqf¼eku gSaA You are wise. Why is he sad?
Note:-

2. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Noun Question words = Who/Whom/Which/

………..(Affirmative Sentence ) What/Where/When/Whose/Why/How

1. ge yksx fo+|kFkhZ gSaA We are students. Who – dkSu@fdlus

2. vki yksx fdlku gSaA You are farmers. Whom – fdldks@fdls
Which – dkSu@dSu lk@fdlus
3. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Not/ isn’t/ What – D;k
aren’t/ + Noun /Adjective……. (Negative Where – dgk¡
Sentence)
When – dc
1. rqe pkykd ugha gksA You are not clever. Whose – fdldk@fdldh
2. geyksx Øwj ugha gSaA We are not cruel. Why – D;ksa
How – dSls
4. Is/am/are + Noun/Pronoun + Noun/
Adjective……….. (Interrogative Sentence)
1. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Adjective
1. D;k vki HkkX;'kkyh gSaA \ Are you lucky? ….....................................……..
2. D;k rqe Mjiksd gks \ Are you timid? vc bu okD;ksa dks è;ku ls ns[ksa&Am/ is/ are ds
ckn adjective dk iz;ksx
5. (a) is/am/are + Noun/Pronoun + Not / + 1. ge yksx /kuh gSaA We are rich.
Noun /Adjective…(Interrogative 2. vki cqf)eku gSaA You are wise.
Negative Sentence)
3. vki yksx LoLFk gSaA You are healthy.
(b) isn’t/ aren’t + Noun/Pronoun + Noun /
Adjective………(Interrogative 4. rqe@rqeyksx ohj gksA You are brave.
Negative Sentence) 5. og ¼ia-½ bZekunkj gSA He is honest.
1. D;k eSa va/k ugha gw¡ \ 6. og ¼L=h½ lqanj gSA She is tall.
Am I not blind?/ Aren’t I blind? 7. og ¼L=h½ lqqanj gSA She is beautiful.
2. D;k og eksVh ugha gS \ 8. dke nso nqcyk gSA Ram is thin.
Is she not fat? Isn’t she fat? 9. os yksx esgurh gSaA They are laborious.
6. (a) Question words+is/am/are +Noun/ 10. yM+ds uV[kV gSaA The boys are naughty.
Pronoun + Not / + Noun / 11. esjk nksLr mnkl gSA My friend is sad.
Adjective………..
12. rqe vkSj eSa izlUu gw¡A You and I are happy.
(b) Question words+ isn’t/ aren’t + Noun/
Pronoun + Noun /Adjective……….. 13. jktw vkSj dktw vPNs gSAa
(c) Question words + Is/am/are +Noun/ Raju and kaju are good.
Pronoun + Noun/Adjective……….. 14. xhrk detksj gSA Geeta is weak.
 2

15. rqe cgknqj gSaA You are brave. Øw j & cruel, Mjiks d & timid, vPNk& good,
16. vki lgh gSaA You are right. izlUu&happy.
17. rqe xyr gksA You are wrong.
18. eSa lgh gw¡A I am right. 2. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Noun ………..
19. eSa xjhc gw¡A I am poor. vc bu okD;ksa dks è;ku ls ns[ksa&am/ is/ are
ds ckn noun ds iz;ksx gksrk gSA
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

20. eSa pkykd gw¡A I am clever.

EXERCISE 1. eSa ,d fo|kFkhZ gw¡A I am a student.
Translate into English- 2. rqe ,d xk;d gksA You are a singer.
jke vehj gSA rqe xjhc gksA lhrk cqf¼eku gSA ge 3. vki ,d MkWDVj gSaA You are a doctor.
yksx LoLFk gSaA jko.k vPNk gSA rqe uV[kV gksA
4. og ,d vfHk;ark gSA He is an engineer.
liuk mnkl gSA lwth 'kehZyh gSA lqtk ikxy gSA rqe
5. og ,d xkf;dk gSA She is singer.
ohj gksA rqe lgh gksA vki xyr gSAa jk[kh pykd gSAa
jk[kh pykd gSA 'osrk cqf¼eku gSAa jke rst gSAa y{e.k 6. lhrk ,d ulZ gSA Sita is a nurse.

cqn~/w gSA eSa [kq'k gw¡A eS aLoLFk gw¡A eSa pkykd gw¡A rqe 7. ge yksx fo|kFkhZ gSaA We are students.
cqf)
+ eku gksA vkiyksx esgurh gSAa rqe yksx bZekunkj 8. vki yksx fdlku gSaA You are farmers.
gksA vki cgknqj gSAa geyksx vehj gSAa geyksx n;kyq 9. jke vkSj ';ke MkWDVj gSAa
gSaA jke rst gSA ';ke mnkl gSA og eksVk gSA og Ram and Shyam are doctors.
nqcyk gSA og eksVh gSA og nqcyh gSA yyu etcwr 10. os yksx f'k{kd gSaA You are teachers.
gSA og ¼futhZo½ dM+k gSA jke vkSj ';ke vehj gSaA
Exercise
cPps mnkl gSaA os yksx LoLF; gSaA os yksx Hkw[ks gSaA
Translate into English-
rqe ikxy gksA og ikxy gSA lhrk lqanj gSA jke
eSa usrk gwaA eSa ,d f'k{kd gwaA rqe ,d fo|kFkhZ gksA
n;kyq gSA yM+ds vPNs gSaA eksgu Mj iksd gSA esjk
yrk ,d xkf;dk gSA lwth ,d ulZ gSA lqtk ,d
HkkbZ pkykd gSA lhrk detksj gSA og nq"V gSA os Øwj
Mk¡DVj gSA os yksx fdlku gSaA vki ,d vfHk;ark
gSaA rqe vkSj lhrk vehj gksA os yksx etcwr vkSj
gSaA vklkjke ,d izseh gSA jghe ,d xq: gSA
esgurh gSaA jke vkSj enu cgknqj vkSj rst gSaA
jkeiky ,d lar gSA eSa ,d fdlku gw¡A eSa ,d
rqEgkjs firkth detksj gSaA jke jghe izl= gSA
fo|kFkhZ gw¡A vki ,d dfo gSaA vki ,d f'k{kd gSaA
vklkjke mnkl gSA jkeiky detksj gSA js[kk Mjiksd
rqe ,d ukSdj gksA rqe ,d Nk= gksA og ,d ulZ
gSA rqe [kq'k gksA lhrk LoLFk gSA og yksx pkykd gSAa
gSA og ,d dykdkj gSA og ,d xkf;dk gSA og
ge yksx cqf¼eku gSaA rqe yksx esgurh gksA jktw rst
,d vfHk;ark gSA os ,d f'k{kd gSaA jke ,d usrk
vkSj cgknqj gSA rqe yksx etcwr vkSj esgurh gksA rqe
gSA ';ke ,d Mkfd;k gSA lhrk ,d MkWDVj gSA
vkSj ySyk vehj gksA iwtk n;kyq gSA eksfguh Mjiksd gSA
geyksx f'k{kd gSAa rqeyksx Nk= gksA vkiyksx MkWDVj
vkids cPps mnkl gSaA os yksx Hkw[ks gSaA lwth eksVh gSA
gSaA os yksx fdlku gSaA jke vkSj xksih ukSdj gSaA rqe
lqtk nqcyk gSaA ge yksx lqanj gSaA rqe lqanjh gksA vki
,d fdlku gksA rqe yksx fdlku gksA vki ,d
ikxy gSaA os yksx xq: gSA rsjk HkkbZ nq"V gSA esjk HkkbZ
vQlj gSaA vkiyksx vQlj gSaA ,d ,d ys[kd
etcwr gSA eSa I;klk gwaA rwe Hkw[kh gksA rqe lq[kh gksA rqe
gSA jke vkSj ';ke ys[kd gSaA eSa dfo gw¡A geyksx
lqanj gksA eSa bZekunkj gwaA
dfo gSaA og urZdh gSA os urZfd;k¡ gSaA esjs firk
Vocabulary: [kq ' k& happy, LoLF;&healthy, usrk gSaA esjs nksLr yksx usrk gSaA rqe ,d fdlku
pkykd& clever, cq f )eku& wise, es g urh& gksA eSa ,d Vhpj gwaA eSa ,d dfo gwa A eSa ,d
laborious, bZ e kunkj&honest, cgknq j &brave,
fo|kFkhZ gwaA jke ,d ukSdj gw¡A ';ke ,d Mk¡DVj
vehj& rich, n;kyq & kind, rs t & intelligent, gSA rqe yksx Nk+= gksA ge yksx f'k{kd gSaA rqe dfo
mnkl&sad, eksVk&fat,nqcyk&thin, etcwr&strong, gksA esjk HkkbZ ,d usrk gSA fnYyh ,d jkt/kkuh gSaA
dM+ k & hard, Hkw [ kk& hungry, ikxy& mad, bafM;k ,d ns'k gSA liuk ,d urZdh gSA luh ,d
lqanj&beautiful, detksj&weak, nq"V&wicked, dykdkj gSA xksik ,d ukSdj gSA
 3

Vocabulary:fdlku&farmer, fo|kFkhZ&student, fdlku /kuh ugha gSaA enu vkSj x.ks'k QqrhZyk ysu
dfo& poet, f'k{kd&teacher, ukS d j&servant, ugha gSaA og ¼L=h½ izlUu ugha gSA eSa ukSdj ugha gw¡A
ulZ&nurse, dykdkj&artist, xkf;dk&singer, ge yksx usrk ugha gSaA rqe fdlku ugha gksA vki
vfHk;ark&engineer, usrk&leader, Mkfd;k&post- pksj ugha gSaA vkiyksx f'k{kd ugha gSaA og ulZ ugha
man, MkWDVj& doctor, vQlj& officer, gSA og Nk= ugha gSA yrk MkWDVj ugha gSA os yksx
ys[kd&writer, urZdh&dancer. vfHk;ark ugha gSA fot; vkSj eksgu xk;d ugha gSA
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

esjs firkth MkWDVj ugha gaSA esjs f'k{kd x.k usrk

3. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Not/ isn’t/
aren’t/ + Noun /Adjective………. ...... ugha gSaA ge yksx Hkw[ksa ugha gSaA rqe cgjh ugha gksA
vc bu okD;ksa dks /;ku ls ns[ksa&is/am/are fnYyh ds yksx /kuh ugha gSA eSa QqrhZyk ugha gw¡A
+ Not/ isn’t/ aren’t rqEgkjh nhnh [kq'k ugha gaSA rqe ukSdj ugha gksA vki
yksx usrk ugha gSaA eSa fdlku ugha gw¡A eSa pksj ugha
1. eSa cqjk ugha gw¡A I am not bad.
gw¡A eSa f'k{kd ugha gw¡A og Mk¡DVj ugha gSAa eSa Nk=
2. rqe pkykd ugha gksA You are not clever.
ugha gw¡A yrk xkf;dk ugha gSA eSa vfHk;ark ugha gw¡A
3. ge yksx Øwj ugha gSA We are not cruel.
vkids firkth Mk¡DVj ugha gSA ge yksx pksj ugha gSAa
4. jke /kuh ugha gSA Ram is not rich.
Vocabulary: nq[kh& sad, Mjiks d & timid,
5. os yksx bZekunkj ugha gSAa They are not honest. Hkw[kk&hungry, rS;kj&ready, voLF;&unhealthy,
6. jke vkSj jfo rS;kj ugha gSAa unwell, eks V k& fat, es g urh& laborious,
Ram and Ravi are not ready. ikxy&mad, vklyh&idle, lazy, dq:& ugly,
7. yM+ds detksj ugha gSaA vf'kf{kr& uneducated, cPps & children,
The boys are not weak. cgjk& deaf, Hkkjrh;& Indian, /kuh& rich,
8. og pksj ugha gSA He is not a thief. Qq r hZ y k& active, iz l Uu& happy, pks j & thief,
9. rqe Nk= ugha gksA You are not a student. usrk&leader, vfHk;ark&engineer, xk;d&singer.
10. ge yksx usrk ugha gSaA We are not leaders. Interrogative Sentence iz'uokpd okD;
11. vkiyksx ea=h ugha gSaA You are not ministers. dqN iz'u okpd okD; ^D;k* ls 'kq: gksrs gSAa tSl&
s D;k
12. os yksx f'k{kd ugha gSaA They are not teachers. rqe pkykd gS\ D;k vki MkWDVj gSa \
Exercise ,sls okD; tks ^D;k* ls 'kq: gksa] mudk vuqokn
Translate into English- Subject ds vuqlkj Am/ Is/ Are ls 'kq: djsaA
rqe cqjs ugha gksA uhyw vPNs ugha gSaA ge yksx nq"V tSl&s
ugha gSA ge yksx nq"V ugha gSA vklkjke lar ugha 4. Is/am/are + Noun/Pronoun + Noun/
gSaA jke jghe xq: ugha gSA geyksx bZekunkj ugha Adjective………..
gSaA gekjk ns'k detksj ugha gSA rqe pksj ugha gksA
8. D;k vkiyksx fdlku gS\a Are you farmers?
rqe f'k{kd ugha gksA eSa usrk ugha gw¡A rqe ea=h ugha
gksA eSa nq[kh ugha gw¡A rqe Mjiksd ugha gksA os yksx 9. D;k vki HkkX;'kkyh gS\a Are you lucky?
Hkw[ks ugha gSaA vkiyksx rS;kj ugha gSaA eSa vQlj ugha 10. D;k rqe Mj iksd gks\ Are you timid?
gw¡A eSa eksVk ugha gw¡A ge yksx esgurh ugha gSaA rqe 11. D;k og eksVh gS\ Is she fat?
ikxy ugha gksA lhrk eksVh ugha gSA vki vkylh 12. D;k og pksj gS\ Is he a thief?
ugha gksA djhuk dq:Ik ugha gSA os yksx /kUkoku ugha 13. D;k os yksx usrk gS\ Are they leaders?
gSAa eSa nq[kh ugha gw¡A eSa Mjiksd ugha gw¡A geyksx Hkw[ks 14. D;k vkids pkpk MkWDVj gSa\
ugha gSaA geyksx rS;kj ugha gSaA rqe vLoLF; ugha Is your uncle a doctor?
gksA vki eksVs ugha gSaA vkiyksx esgurh ugha gSaA og Exercise
ikxy ugha gSA og eksVh ughaA jke vkylh ugha gSaA Translate into English-
xhrk dq:i ugha gSaA os yksx vf'kf{kr ugha gSaA cPps D; rqe pkykd gksA D;k vki HkkX;'kkyh gksA D;k
Hkw[ks ugha gSaA esjk HkkbZ cgjk ugha gSA Hkkjrh; rqe f'k{kd gksA D;k vkids firkth MkWDVj gSaA D;k
 4

rqe va/kh gksA D;k esjk ns'k egku gSA D;k rqe esjh 1. Hkkjrh; fdlku csbZeku D;ksa ugha gksrs gSa\
iRuh gksA D;k vki ,d urZdh gSA D;k rqEgkjk fe=
Why are Indian farmers not dishonest?
xk;d gSA D;k rqe ukSdj gksA D;k vkidk HkkbZ rst
2. ek¡ D;ksa Ñikyq gksrh gS\
gSa\ D;k eSa HkkX;'kkyh gw¡\ D;k eSa ukSdj gw¡\ D;k eSa
Why is a mother kind?
Nk= gw¡\ D;k geyksx f'k{kd gSa\ D;k vkiyksx
MkWDVj gSa\ D;k og xkf;dk gS\ D;k og urZdh gS\ 3. phuh D;ksa lQsn yxrh gS\
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

D;k os yksx pksj gSa\ D;k os yksx Mkdw gSa\ D;k eSa Why is sugar white?
ikxy gw¡\ D;k eSa va/kk gw¡\ D;k rqe rS;kj gks\ D;k 4. nw/k dSls ykHknk;d gksrk gS\
geyksx xyr gSa\ D;k og fouez gS\ D;k os yksx How is milk useful?
Fkds gS\ D;k lhrk funksZ"k gS\ D;k rqe rst gks\ D;k Exercise
ge yksx yxr gSa\ D;k ge yksx fouez gSa\ D;k rqe Translate into English-
uV[kV gks\ D;k oks I;klh gS\ D;k vki yksx Hkw[ks dkj D;ksa egaxh gksrh gS\ firk dSls n;kyq gksrs gSa\
gks\ D;k ge yksx rS;kj gSa\ D;k vki vklkjke gSa\
vkneh D;ksa ej.k”khy gksrk gS\ phuh D;ksa ehBk gksrk
D;k rqe guhizhr gks\
gS\ firk D;ksa n;kyq gksrs gSa\ cukoVh Qwy dSls
Vocabulary: rst&intelligent, ukSdj&servant, lqanj ughaa gksrs gSa\ cPps D;ksa uV[kV gksrs gSa\ lk¡i
ikxy& mad, va / kk& blind, rS;kj& ready, D;ksa Mjkouk gksrk gSa \ vke D;ksa ykHknk;d gksrk
xyr& wrong, fouez & hunble, Fkdk& tired, gS\ nw/k D;ksa ehBh yxrh gS\ fgju dSls Mjkouk
funks"Z k&innocent,nq"V&wicked, HkkX;'kkyh&lucky, gksrk gS\ ck?k D;ksa etcwr gksrk gS\ Hkkjrh; Nk+=
dSls esgurh ugha gksrs gSa\ xk;sa D;ksa lk/kh gksrh gSa\
cs b Zeku& dishonest, uV[kV& naughty,
“kgn dSls ykHknk;d gksrk gSa\ ngh D;kas [kV~Vk
'kehZ y k& shy, egku& great, Øw j & cruel,
gksrk gS\
ukSdj& servant, Mkfd;k& postman, Vocabulary: l¡ki& snake, oiQknkj& faithful,
fdjkuh&clerk, xkf;dk&singer, urZdh&danger, cs b Z e ku& dishonest, vej.k'khy& immortal,
pksj&thief, Mkdw&robber. ykHknk;d& useful, ej.k'khy& mortal, Mjkouk&
5. Interrogative Sentence fearful, cukoVh iQwy& artificial flower, lh/h&
gentle.
(a)Question words + is/am/are + noun/
Pronoun + Not / + Noun /
Adjective……….. ADJECTIVE + DECISION
(b)Question words+ isn’t/ aren’t + Noun/
Pronoun + Noun /Adjective………..
(c) Question words + is/am/are +Noun/
Pronoun + Noun/Adjective………..
 1

The Use of Am, Is and Are

Basic Sentence Structures based on Am, Is and Are
1. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Adjective geyksx dSls xjhc gSa \
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

1.
……….. (Affirmative Sentence )
How are we poor?
1- geyksx /uh gSaA We are rich. 2. og D;ksa nq[kh gS\
2. vki cqf¼eku gSaA You are wise. Why is he sad?
Note:-

2. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Noun Question words = Who/Whom/Which/

………..(Affirmative Sentence ) What/Where/When/Whose/Why/How

1. ge yksx fo+|kFkhZ gSaA We are students. Who – dkSu@fdlus

2. vki yksx fdlku gSaA You are farmers. Whom – fdldks@fdls
Which – dkSu@dSu lk@fdlus
3. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Not/ isn’t/ What – D;k
aren’t/ + Noun /Adjective……. (Negative Where – dgk¡
Sentence)
When – dc
1. rqe pkykd ugha gksA You are not clever. Whose – fdldk@fdldh
2. geyksx Øwj ugha gSaA We are not cruel. Why – D;ksa
How – dSls
4. Is/am/are + Noun/Pronoun + Noun/
Adjective……….. (Interrogative Sentence)
1. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Adjective
1. D;k vki HkkX;'kkyh gSaA \ Are you lucky? ….....................................……..
2. D;k rqe Mjiksd gks \ Are you timid? vc bu okD;ksa dks è;ku ls ns[ksa&Am/ is/ are ds
ckn adjective dk iz;ksx
5. (a) is/am/are + Noun/Pronoun + Not / + 1. ge yksx /kuh gSaA We are rich.
Noun /Adjective…(Interrogative 2. vki cqf)eku gSaA You are wise.
Negative Sentence)
3. vki yksx LoLFk gSaA You are healthy.
(b) isn’t/ aren’t + Noun/Pronoun + Noun /
Adjective………(Interrogative 4. rqe@rqeyksx ohj gksA You are brave.
Negative Sentence) 5. og ¼ia-½ bZekunkj gSA He is honest.
1. D;k eSa va/k ugha gw¡ \ 6. og ¼L=h½ lqanj gSA She is tall.
Am I not blind?/ Aren’t I blind? 7. og ¼L=h½ lqqanj gSA She is beautiful.
2. D;k og eksVh ugha gS \ 8. dke nso nqcyk gSA Ram is thin.
Is she not fat? Isn’t she fat? 9. os yksx esgurh gSaA They are laborious.
6. (a) Question words+is/am/are +Noun/ 10. yM+ds uV[kV gSaA The boys are naughty.
Pronoun + Not / + Noun / 11. esjk nksLr mnkl gSA My friend is sad.
Adjective………..
12. rqe vkSj eSa izlUu gw¡A You and I are happy.
(b) Question words+ isn’t/ aren’t + Noun/
Pronoun + Noun /Adjective……….. 13. jktw vkSj dktw vPNs gSAa
(c) Question words + Is/am/are +Noun/ Raju and kaju are good.
Pronoun + Noun/Adjective……….. 14. xhrk detksj gSA Geeta is weak.
 2

15. rqe cgknqj gSaA You are brave. Øw j & cruel, Mjiks d & timid, vPNk& good,
16. vki lgh gSaA You are right. izlUu&happy.
17. rqe xyr gksA You are wrong.
18. eSa lgh gw¡A I am right. 2. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Noun ………..
19. eSa xjhc gw¡A I am poor. vc bu okD;ksa dks è;ku ls ns[ksa&am/ is/ are
ds ckn noun ds iz;ksx gksrk gSA
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

20. eSa pkykd gw¡A I am clever.

EXERCISE 1. eSa ,d fo|kFkhZ gw¡A I am a student.
Translate into English- 2. rqe ,d xk;d gksA You are a singer.
jke vehj gSA rqe xjhc gksA lhrk cqf¼eku gSA ge 3. vki ,d MkWDVj gSaA You are a doctor.
yksx LoLFk gSaA jko.k vPNk gSA rqe uV[kV gksA
4. og ,d vfHk;ark gSA He is an engineer.
liuk mnkl gSA lwth 'kehZyh gSA lqtk ikxy gSA rqe
5. og ,d xkf;dk gSA She is singer.
ohj gksA rqe lgh gksA vki xyr gSAa jk[kh pykd gSAa
jk[kh pykd gSA 'osrk cqf¼eku gSAa jke rst gSAa y{e.k 6. lhrk ,d ulZ gSA Sita is a nurse.

cqn~/w gSA eSa [kq'k gw¡A eS aLoLFk gw¡A eSa pkykd gw¡A rqe 7. ge yksx fo|kFkhZ gSaA We are students.
cqf)
+ eku gksA vkiyksx esgurh gSAa rqe yksx bZekunkj 8. vki yksx fdlku gSaA You are farmers.
gksA vki cgknqj gSAa geyksx vehj gSAa geyksx n;kyq 9. jke vkSj ';ke MkWDVj gSAa
gSaA jke rst gSA ';ke mnkl gSA og eksVk gSA og Ram and Shyam are doctors.
nqcyk gSA og eksVh gSA og nqcyh gSA yyu etcwr 10. os yksx f'k{kd gSaA You are teachers.
gSA og ¼futhZo½ dM+k gSA jke vkSj ';ke vehj gSaA
Exercise
cPps mnkl gSaA os yksx LoLF; gSaA os yksx Hkw[ks gSaA
Translate into English-
rqe ikxy gksA og ikxy gSA lhrk lqanj gSA jke
eSa usrk gwaA eSa ,d f'k{kd gwaA rqe ,d fo|kFkhZ gksA
n;kyq gSA yM+ds vPNs gSaA eksgu Mj iksd gSA esjk
yrk ,d xkf;dk gSA lwth ,d ulZ gSA lqtk ,d
HkkbZ pkykd gSA lhrk detksj gSA og nq"V gSA os Øwj
Mk¡DVj gSA os yksx fdlku gSaA vki ,d vfHk;ark
gSaA rqe vkSj lhrk vehj gksA os yksx etcwr vkSj
gSaA vklkjke ,d izseh gSA jghe ,d xq: gSA
esgurh gSaA jke vkSj enu cgknqj vkSj rst gSaA
jkeiky ,d lar gSA eSa ,d fdlku gw¡A eSa ,d
rqEgkjs firkth detksj gSaA jke jghe izl= gSA
fo|kFkhZ gw¡A vki ,d dfo gSaA vki ,d f'k{kd gSaA
vklkjke mnkl gSA jkeiky detksj gSA js[kk Mjiksd
rqe ,d ukSdj gksA rqe ,d Nk= gksA og ,d ulZ
gSA rqe [kq'k gksA lhrk LoLFk gSA og yksx pkykd gSAa
gSA og ,d dykdkj gSA og ,d xkf;dk gSA og
ge yksx cqf¼eku gSaA rqe yksx esgurh gksA jktw rst
,d vfHk;ark gSA os ,d f'k{kd gSaA jke ,d usrk
vkSj cgknqj gSA rqe yksx etcwr vkSj esgurh gksA rqe
gSA ';ke ,d Mkfd;k gSA lhrk ,d MkWDVj gSA
vkSj ySyk vehj gksA iwtk n;kyq gSA eksfguh Mjiksd gSA
geyksx f'k{kd gSAa rqeyksx Nk= gksA vkiyksx MkWDVj
vkids cPps mnkl gSaA os yksx Hkw[ks gSaA lwth eksVh gSA
gSaA os yksx fdlku gSaA jke vkSj xksih ukSdj gSaA rqe
lqtk nqcyk gSaA ge yksx lqanj gSaA rqe lqanjh gksA vki
,d fdlku gksA rqe yksx fdlku gksA vki ,d
ikxy gSaA os yksx xq: gSA rsjk HkkbZ nq"V gSA esjk HkkbZ
vQlj gSaA vkiyksx vQlj gSaA ,d ,d ys[kd
etcwr gSA eSa I;klk gwaA rwe Hkw[kh gksA rqe lq[kh gksA rqe
gSA jke vkSj ';ke ys[kd gSaA eSa dfo gw¡A geyksx
lqanj gksA eSa bZekunkj gwaA
dfo gSaA og urZdh gSA os urZfd;k¡ gSaA esjs firk
Vocabulary: [kq ' k& happy, LoLF;&healthy, usrk gSaA esjs nksLr yksx usrk gSaA rqe ,d fdlku
pkykd& clever, cq f )eku& wise, es g urh& gksA eSa ,d Vhpj gwaA eSa ,d dfo gwa A eSa ,d
laborious, bZ e kunkj&honest, cgknq j &brave,
fo|kFkhZ gwaA jke ,d ukSdj gw¡A ';ke ,d Mk¡DVj
vehj& rich, n;kyq & kind, rs t & intelligent, gSA rqe yksx Nk+= gksA ge yksx f'k{kd gSaA rqe dfo
mnkl&sad, eksVk&fat,nqcyk&thin, etcwr&strong, gksA esjk HkkbZ ,d usrk gSA fnYyh ,d jkt/kkuh gSaA
dM+ k & hard, Hkw [ kk& hungry, ikxy& mad, bafM;k ,d ns'k gSA liuk ,d urZdh gSA luh ,d
lqanj&beautiful, detksj&weak, nq"V&wicked, dykdkj gSA xksik ,d ukSdj gSA
 3

Vocabulary:fdlku&farmer, fo|kFkhZ&student, fdlku /kuh ugha gSaA enu vkSj x.ks'k QqrhZyk ysu
dfo& poet, f'k{kd&teacher, ukS d j&servant, ugha gSaA og ¼L=h½ izlUu ugha gSA eSa ukSdj ugha gw¡A
ulZ&nurse, dykdkj&artist, xkf;dk&singer, ge yksx usrk ugha gSaA rqe fdlku ugha gksA vki
vfHk;ark&engineer, usrk&leader, Mkfd;k&post- pksj ugha gSaA vkiyksx f'k{kd ugha gSaA og ulZ ugha
man, MkWDVj& doctor, vQlj& officer, gSA og Nk= ugha gSA yrk MkWDVj ugha gSA os yksx
ys[kd&writer, urZdh&dancer. vfHk;ark ugha gSA fot; vkSj eksgu xk;d ugha gSA
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

esjs firkth MkWDVj ugha gaSA esjs f'k{kd x.k usrk

3. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Not/ isn’t/
aren’t/ + Noun /Adjective………. ...... ugha gSaA ge yksx Hkw[ksa ugha gSaA rqe cgjh ugha gksA
vc bu okD;ksa dks /;ku ls ns[ksa&is/am/are fnYyh ds yksx /kuh ugha gSA eSa QqrhZyk ugha gw¡A
+ Not/ isn’t/ aren’t rqEgkjh nhnh [kq'k ugha gaSA rqe ukSdj ugha gksA vki
yksx usrk ugha gSaA eSa fdlku ugha gw¡A eSa pksj ugha
1. eSa cqjk ugha gw¡A I am not bad.
gw¡A eSa f'k{kd ugha gw¡A og Mk¡DVj ugha gSAa eSa Nk=
2. rqe pkykd ugha gksA You are not clever.
ugha gw¡A yrk xkf;dk ugha gSA eSa vfHk;ark ugha gw¡A
3. ge yksx Øwj ugha gSA We are not cruel.
vkids firkth Mk¡DVj ugha gSA ge yksx pksj ugha gSAa
4. jke /kuh ugha gSA Ram is not rich.
Vocabulary: nq[kh& sad, Mjiks d & timid,
5. os yksx bZekunkj ugha gSAa They are not honest. Hkw[kk&hungry, rS;kj&ready, voLF;&unhealthy,
6. jke vkSj jfo rS;kj ugha gSAa unwell, eks V k& fat, es g urh& laborious,
Ram and Ravi are not ready. ikxy&mad, vklyh&idle, lazy, dq:& ugly,
7. yM+ds detksj ugha gSaA vf'kf{kr& uneducated, cPps & children,
The boys are not weak. cgjk& deaf, Hkkjrh;& Indian, /kuh& rich,
8. og pksj ugha gSA He is not a thief. Qq r hZ y k& active, iz l Uu& happy, pks j & thief,
9. rqe Nk= ugha gksA You are not a student. usrk&leader, vfHk;ark&engineer, xk;d&singer.
10. ge yksx usrk ugha gSaA We are not leaders. Interrogative Sentence iz'uokpd okD;
11. vkiyksx ea=h ugha gSaA You are not ministers. dqN iz'u okpd okD; ^D;k* ls 'kq: gksrs gSAa tSl&
s D;k
12. os yksx f'k{kd ugha gSaA They are not teachers. rqe pkykd gS\ D;k vki MkWDVj gSa \
Exercise ,sls okD; tks ^D;k* ls 'kq: gksa] mudk vuqokn
Translate into English- Subject ds vuqlkj Am/ Is/ Are ls 'kq: djsaA
rqe cqjs ugha gksA uhyw vPNs ugha gSaA ge yksx nq"V tSl&s
ugha gSA ge yksx nq"V ugha gSA vklkjke lar ugha 4. Is/am/are + Noun/Pronoun + Noun/
gSaA jke jghe xq: ugha gSA geyksx bZekunkj ugha Adjective………..
gSaA gekjk ns'k detksj ugha gSA rqe pksj ugha gksA
8. D;k vkiyksx fdlku gS\a Are you farmers?
rqe f'k{kd ugha gksA eSa usrk ugha gw¡A rqe ea=h ugha
gksA eSa nq[kh ugha gw¡A rqe Mjiksd ugha gksA os yksx 9. D;k vki HkkX;'kkyh gS\a Are you lucky?
Hkw[ks ugha gSaA vkiyksx rS;kj ugha gSaA eSa vQlj ugha 10. D;k rqe Mj iksd gks\ Are you timid?
gw¡A eSa eksVk ugha gw¡A ge yksx esgurh ugha gSaA rqe 11. D;k og eksVh gS\ Is she fat?
ikxy ugha gksA lhrk eksVh ugha gSA vki vkylh 12. D;k og pksj gS\ Is he a thief?
ugha gksA djhuk dq:Ik ugha gSA os yksx /kUkoku ugha 13. D;k os yksx usrk gS\ Are they leaders?
gSAa eSa nq[kh ugha gw¡A eSa Mjiksd ugha gw¡A geyksx Hkw[ks 14. D;k vkids pkpk MkWDVj gSa\
ugha gSaA geyksx rS;kj ugha gSaA rqe vLoLF; ugha Is your uncle a doctor?
gksA vki eksVs ugha gSaA vkiyksx esgurh ugha gSaA og Exercise
ikxy ugha gSA og eksVh ughaA jke vkylh ugha gSaA Translate into English-
xhrk dq:i ugha gSaA os yksx vf'kf{kr ugha gSaA cPps D; rqe pkykd gksA D;k vki HkkX;'kkyh gksA D;k
Hkw[ks ugha gSaA esjk HkkbZ cgjk ugha gSA Hkkjrh; rqe f'k{kd gksA D;k vkids firkth MkWDVj gSaA D;k
 4

rqe va/kh gksA D;k esjk ns'k egku gSA D;k rqe esjh 1. Hkkjrh; fdlku csbZeku D;ksa ugha gksrs gSa\
iRuh gksA D;k vki ,d urZdh gSA D;k rqEgkjk fe=
Why are Indian farmers not dishonest?
xk;d gSA D;k rqe ukSdj gksA D;k vkidk HkkbZ rst
2. ek¡ D;ksa Ñikyq gksrh gS\
gSa\ D;k eSa HkkX;'kkyh gw¡\ D;k eSa ukSdj gw¡\ D;k eSa
Why is a mother kind?
Nk= gw¡\ D;k geyksx f'k{kd gSa\ D;k vkiyksx
MkWDVj gSa\ D;k og xkf;dk gS\ D;k og urZdh gS\ 3. phuh D;ksa lQsn yxrh gS\
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

D;k os yksx pksj gSa\ D;k os yksx Mkdw gSa\ D;k eSa Why is sugar white?
ikxy gw¡\ D;k eSa va/kk gw¡\ D;k rqe rS;kj gks\ D;k 4. nw/k dSls ykHknk;d gksrk gS\
geyksx xyr gSa\ D;k og fouez gS\ D;k os yksx How is milk useful?
Fkds gS\ D;k lhrk funksZ"k gS\ D;k rqe rst gks\ D;k Exercise
ge yksx yxr gSa\ D;k ge yksx fouez gSa\ D;k rqe Translate into English-
uV[kV gks\ D;k oks I;klh gS\ D;k vki yksx Hkw[ks dkj D;ksa egaxh gksrh gS\ firk dSls n;kyq gksrs gSa\
gks\ D;k ge yksx rS;kj gSa\ D;k vki vklkjke gSa\
vkneh D;ksa ej.k”khy gksrk gS\ phuh D;ksa ehBk gksrk
D;k rqe guhizhr gks\
gS\ firk D;ksa n;kyq gksrs gSa\ cukoVh Qwy dSls
Vocabulary: rst&intelligent, ukSdj&servant, lqanj ughaa gksrs gSa\ cPps D;ksa uV[kV gksrs gSa\ lk¡i
ikxy& mad, va / kk& blind, rS;kj& ready, D;ksa Mjkouk gksrk gSa \ vke D;ksa ykHknk;d gksrk
xyr& wrong, fouez & hunble, Fkdk& tired, gS\ nw/k D;ksa ehBh yxrh gS\ fgju dSls Mjkouk
funks"Z k&innocent,nq"V&wicked, HkkX;'kkyh&lucky, gksrk gS\ ck?k D;ksa etcwr gksrk gS\ Hkkjrh; Nk+=
dSls esgurh ugha gksrs gSa\ xk;sa D;ksa lk/kh gksrh gSa\
cs b Zeku& dishonest, uV[kV& naughty,
“kgn dSls ykHknk;d gksrk gSa\ ngh D;kas [kV~Vk
'kehZ y k& shy, egku& great, Øw j & cruel,
gksrk gS\
ukSdj& servant, Mkfd;k& postman, Vocabulary: l¡ki& snake, oiQknkj& faithful,
fdjkuh&clerk, xkf;dk&singer, urZdh&danger, cs b Z e ku& dishonest, vej.k'khy& immortal,
pksj&thief, Mkdw&robber. ykHknk;d& useful, ej.k'khy& mortal, Mjkouk&
5. Interrogative Sentence fearful, cukoVh iQwy& artificial flower, lh/h&
gentle.
(a)Question words + is/am/are + noun/
Pronoun + Not / + Noun /
Adjective……….. ADJECTIVE + DECISION
(b)Question words+ isn’t/ aren’t + Noun/
Pronoun + Noun /Adjective………..
(c) Question words + is/am/are +Noun/
Pronoun + Noun/Adjective………..
 1

The Use of Am, Is and Are

Basic Sentence Structures based on Am, Is and Are
1. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Pronoun . (Affirmative Sentence )
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

This – ;g@bl@bls Mine - esjk Hers – mldk@budk@mudk

That – og@ml@mls Yours - rqEgkjk Theirs - mu yksxksa dk
These – ;s@bu Ours - gekjk
Those – os@mu His – mldk@budk@mudk
1.1 Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Pronoun .(Affirmative Sentence )
(a) ;g esjk gSA This is mine.
(b) rqe esjs gksA You are mine.
(c) ;g ?kj vkidk gSA This house is yours.
(d) ;g iqLrd rqEgkjh gSA This book is yours.
(e) ;g ns'k gekjk gSA This country is ours.
1.2 Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Pronoun .(Affirmative Sentence )
(a) ;s cPps gekjs gSaA These children are ours.
(b) ;g ?kM+h mldh gSA This watch is his.
(c) ;g lkM+h mldh gSA This sari is hers.
(d) ;g dkj mu yksxksa dk gSA This car is theirs.
(e) ;s iqLrdsa mu yksxksa dh gSaA These books are theirs.
2.1 Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + not+ Pronoun. (Negative Sentence)
Or
Noun/Pronoun + isn’t/amn’t/aren’t +Pronoun. (Negative Sentence)
(a) ;g esjk ugha gSA This is not mine./ This isn’t mine.
(b) og rqEgkjk ugha gSA That is not yours./ That isn’t yours.
(c) ;g ?kj gekjk ugha gSA This house is not ours./ This house isn’t ours.
(d) os dkj muyksxksa ds ugha gSA Those cars are not theirs./ Those cars aren’t theirs.
2.2 Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + not+ Pronoun. (Negative Sentence)
Or
Noun/Pronoun + isn’t/amn’t/aren’t +Pronoun. (Negative Sentence)
(a) ;g ?kM+h mldk ugha gSA This watch is not his./ This watch isn’t his.
(b) og ckbd mldk ugha gSA That bike is not hers./ That bike isn’t hers.
(c) ;g cUnqd gekjk ugha gSA This gun is not ours./ This gun isn’t ours.
(d) os deht rqEgkjs ugha gSaA These shirts are not yours./ These shirts aren’t yours.
3. Is/Am/Are + Noun/Pronoun + Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
(a) D;k ;g rqEgkjk gS\ Is this yours?
(b) D;k og iQksu mldk gSA Is that phone hers?
(c) D;k ;s iqLrdsa gekjh gSa\ Are these books ours?
(d) D;k os f[kykSus esjs gSa\ Are those toys mine?
 2
4. Is/Am/Are + Noun/Pronoun + not + Pronoun?
Or
Isn’t/Aren’t + Noun/Pronoun + Pronoun? ( Negative Interrogative Sentence)
(a) D;k ;g vkidk ugha gS\ Is this not yours? / Isn’t this yours?
(b) D;k og iQksu mldk ugha gS\ Is that phone not hers? / Isn’t that phone hers?
(c) D;k ;s iqLrdsa gekjh ugha gSa\ Are these books not ours? / Aren’t these books ours?
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

(d) D;k os f[kykSus esjs ugha gSa\ Are those toys not mine? / Aren’t those toys mine?
5. QW – Who/What/How/Where/Whose
QW + is/am/are + Noun? (Interrogative Sentence)
(a) ;g yM+dh dkSu gS\ Who is this girl?
(b) jkuw dgk¡ gS\ Where is Ranu?
(c) og cw<+k vkneh dkSu gS\ Who is that old man?
(d) vkids firk th dSls gSa\ How is your father?
(e) vkids firk D;k gS\ What is your father?
(f) ;g ?kj fdldk gS\ Whose is this house?
(g) mldk HkkbZ D;k gS\ What is her bother?
(h) ;s fopkj fduds gSa\ Whose are the ideas?
6.1 QW – Who/What/How/Where/Whose
QW + is/am/are + Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
(a) Who is it? (dkSu gS\) (a) Who are you? (vki dkSu gSa\)
(b) Who is that? (og dkSu gS\) (b) Who am I? (eSa dkSu gw¡\)
(c) What is this?(;g D;k gS\) (c) Who is he? (og dkSu gS\)
(d) What is that? (og D;k gS\) (d) Who are they? (os yksx dkSu gSa\)
6.2 QW – Who/What/How/Where/Whose
QW + is/am/are + Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
(a) ;g fdldk gS\) Whose is this?
(b) og fdldk gS\ Whose is that?
(c) ;g ?kj fdldk gS\ Whose is this house?
(d) ;s iqLrdsa fdudh@fdldh gSa\ Whose are these books?
(e) os dkj fdudh@fdldh gSa\ Whose are those cars?
6.3 QW – Who/What/How/Where/Whose
QW + is/am/are + Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
(a) How are you? (vki dSls gSa\) (b) How is she? (og dSlh gSa\)
(c) How are they? (os yksx dSls gSa\) (d) How is he? (og dSlk gS\)
6.4 QW – Who/What/How/Where/Whose
QW + is/am/are + Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
(a) rqe@vki dgk¡ gks\ Where are you?
(b) og dgk¡ gS\ Where is she?
(c) os yksx dgk¡ gSa\ Where are they?
(d) og dgk¡ gS\ Where is he?
(e) eSa dgk¡ gw¡\ Where am I?
 3
7.1 QW – Who/What/How/Why/When/Where/Whose
QW + is/am/are + Noun/Pronoun + Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
(a) ;g dSls vkidk gS\ How is this yours?
(b) eSa dSls vkidk gw¡\ How am I yours?
(c) og dSls vkidh gSa\ How is she yours?
(d) ;s dSls esjs gSa\ How are these mine?
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

(e) og dSls mldk gSa\ How is he hers?

7.2 QW – Who/What/How/Why/When/Where/Whose
QW + is/am/are + Noun/Pronoun + Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
(a) ;g ?kj dSls vkidk gS\ How is this house yours?
(b) og dkj dSls mldk gS\ How is that car hers?
(c) ;g leL;k dSls esjk gS\ How is this problem mine?
(d) ;g izLrko D;ksa vkidk gSa\ Why is this proposal yours?
(e) ;g D;ksa vkidk gS\ Why is this yours?
(e) ;s leL;k,¡ D;ksa esjh gSa\ Why are these problems mine?
7.3 QW – Who/What/How/Why/When/Where/Whose
QW + is/am/are + Noun/Pronoun + Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
(a) ;g gekjk dc gS@gksrk gS\ When is this ours?
(b) ;s lhV~l rqEgkjs dc gSa@gksrs gSa\ When are the seats yours?
(c) ;g dgk¡ esjk gS@gksrk gS\ Where is this mine?
(d) dgk¡ lc oqQN rqEgkjk gS@gksrk gS\ Where is everything yours?

Practice: Speak With Me

1. Are you honest? ~ Yes. I am.
(D;k vki bekunkj gSa\) (gk¡] eSa gw¡A)
2. Is he a doctor? ~ No. He isn’t.
(D;k og MkWDVj gS\) (ugha] og MkWDVj ugha gSA)
3. Are you confused? ~ No. Not at all.
(D;k vki vleatl esa gSa \) (ugha] fcYoqQy ughaA)
4. Is the luggage your? ~ Yes. It is.
(D;k ;g lkeku rqEgkjk gS\) (gk¡] esjk gSA)
5. Are these cars yours. ~ No. They aren’t.
(D;k ;s dkj rqEgkjs gSa\) (ugha] esjs ugha gSaA)
6. Are you married? ~ No. I am not.
(D;k rqe fookfgr gks\) (ugha] eSa ugha gw¡A)
7. Is she your friend? ~ Yes. She is.
(D;k og rqEgkjh nksLr gS\) (gk¡] og esjh nksLr gSA)
8. Hope everything is fine. ~ Yes. Of course.
(mEehn gS lc oqQN vPNk gksxk) (th gk¡] fcYoqQy@ cs'kd)
9. This is mine. ~ No. Mine.
(;g esjk gSA) (ugha] esjk gSA)
10.Everybody is home. ~ Yes. Except Papa.
(lHkh ?kj igq¡p pqds gSaA) (gk¡] ikik dks NksM+ djA)
 1

Sentences for Oral Practice

Practice Set - 01 D;k ;g ge yksxksa dk ugha gS\ Practice Set - 02

;g rqEgkjk gSA Is this not ours? dqN Hkh esjk ugha gSA
This is yours. D;k ;g cxhpk vkidk ugha gS\ Nothing is mine.
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

;g dSls rqEgkjk gS\ This orchard not yours? lHkh gekjs gSaA
How is this yours? D;k og iQuhZpj mudk ugha gS\ All are ours.
D;k ;g esjs gSa\ Is that furniture not his? dqN mlds gSaA
Are these mine? D;k ;g /jrh gekjh ugha gS\ Some are his.
;s vkids D;ksa ugha gS\ Is this earth not ours? dqN Hkh mldk ugha gSA
Why are these not yours? ;g pk; esjh ugha gSA Nothing is his.
;s cPps gekjs ugha gSaA This tea is not mine. dksbZ ,d mldk gSA
The children are not ours. og deht rqEgkjh ugha gSA Any one is his.
;g ?kj mldk ugha gSA That shirt is not yours. gj pht gekjh ugha gSA
This house is not his. Everything is not ours.
;g dye mldk ugha gSA
;s loky muds gSaA This pen is not his. izR;sd loky esjs ugha gSaA
These questions are his/ Every question is not mine.
;g leL;k esjh ugha gSA
hers/theirs.
This problem is not mine. dqN dfork,a esjh ugha gSA
;g ns'k gekjk gSA
;g rjhdk esjk ugha gSA Is this story yours?
This country is ours.
This way/ method is not lHkh iqLrdsa rqEgkjh gSaA
;g daI;wVj mldk gSA
mine. All the books are yours.
This computer is his.
D;k ;g canwd mldk ugha gS\ D;k ;g dgkuh vkidh gS\
;g ySiVkWi esjk gSA
Is this gun not his? Some poems are not mine.
This laptop is mine.
D;k ;s cPps muds ugha gSa\ D;k ;g xhr mldk gS\
;g ?kM+h mudk gSA
Are the children not his? Is this song his?
This watch is his.
D;k og xk; rqEgkjh ugha gS\ D;k og eafnj gekjk gS\
D;k ;s iSls vkids gSa\
Is that cow not yours? Is that temple ours?
Is this money yours?
D;k os isM+ gekjs ugha gSa\ D;k og dqvka mu yksxksa dk gS\
;k fopkj rqEgkjk gS\
Are those trees not ours? Is that well theirs?
This idea is yours.
D;k os yksx muds ugha gSa\ dkSu gS\
;g ?kj mldk ugha gSA
Are those people not his? Who is it?
This house is not his.
D;k ;g bjknk vkidk ugha gS\ rqEgkjk HkkbZ dgka gS\
D;k ;g ?kj rqEgkjk gS\
Is this intention not yours? Where is your brother?
Is this house yours?
lc dqN rqEgkjk gSA mldh eka dgka gS\
og Vsyhfotu mldk gSA
Everything is yours. Where is his mother?
That television is his.
 2

og yM+dk dkSu gS\ fte dgka gS\ VSDlh LVSaM dgka gS\
Who is that boy? Where is the gym? Where is the taxi stand?

;s yksx dkSu gSa\ ppZ dgka gS\ jsyos LVs'ku dgka gS\
Who are these people? Where is the church Where is the railway station?

os yksx dkSu gSa\ jsLV :e dgka gS\ esjk czsdiQkLV dgka gS\
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

Who are those people? Where is the restroom? Where is my breakfast?

og cw<+h vkSjr dkSu gS\ esjk cFkZ dgka gS\ rqEgkjk yap dgka gS\
Who is that old woman? Where is my berth? Where is your lunch?
og eksVh vkSjr dkSu gS\ rqEgkjk cFkZ dgka gS\ ge yksxksa dk fMuj dgka gS\
Who is that fat women? Where is your berth? Where is our dinner?
og yack yM+dk dkSu gS\ rqEgkjh dkj dgka gS\ ;g D;k gS\
Who is that tall boy? Where is your car? What is this?
lHkh yksx dgka gSa\ rqEgkjs nksLr dgka gSa\ og D;k gS\
Where are all the people? Where are your friends? What is that?
esjk iQksu dgka gS\ vkids cPps dgka gSa\ ;s D;k gSa\
Where is my phone? Where are your children? What are these?
rqEgkjh ?kM+h dgka gS\ ikik dgka gSa\ os D;k gSa\
Where is your watch? Where is papa? What are those?
mlds diM+s dgka gSa\ eEek dgka gS\ rqe D;k gks\
Where are his clothes? Where is mamma? What are you?
Luku d{k dgka gS\ esjk ;kj dgka gS\ rqEgkjs pkpk D;k gSa\
Where is the bathroom? Where is my friend? What is your uncle?
VkW;ysV dgka gS\ rqEgkjk I;kj dgka gS\ mldk HkkbZ D;k gS\
Where is the toilet? Where is my love?
What is his brother?
fjlsI'ku dgka gS\ rqEgkjh nqfu;k dgka gS\
Practice Set - 04
Where is the reception? Where is your world?
rqEgkjk nksLr D;k gS\
dS'k dkmaVj dgka gS\ mldk vkWfiQl dgka gS\
What is your friend?
Where is the cash counter? Where is his office?
;g fdldh dkj gS\
mu yksxksa dk ?kj dgka gS\
MLVfcu dgka gS\
Whose car is this?
Where is their house?
Where is the dustbin?
iksLV vkWfiQl dgka gS\ ;g fdldk Xykl gS\
Practice Set - 03
Where is the post office? Whose glass is this?
jsLVksjsaV dgka gS\
iqfyl Fkkuk dgka gS\ og fdldk ?kj gS\
Where is the restaurant?
Where is the police station? Whose house is that?
dSiQs dgka gS\
cl LVSaM dgka gS\ og fdldh iRuh gS\
Where is the cafe?
Where is the bus stand? Whose wife is that?
 3

;s fduds cPps gSa\ rqEgkjh leL;k,a dSlh gSa\ ;g ?kj D;ksa vkidk ugha gS\
Whose children are these? How are your problems? Why is this house not

os fdlds nksLr gSa\ yours?

;g dSls vki yksxksa dk gS\
Whose friends are those?
;g dkj D;ksa mldk ugha gS\
How is this yours?
Why is this car not his?
;g leL;k fdldh gS\ eSa dSls mldk gwa\
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

;g fu.kZ; D;ksa rqEgkjk ugha gS\

Whose problem is this? How am i his?
Why is this decision not
;g lksp fdldk gS\ rqe dSls mldh gks\
yours?
Whose thinking is this? How are you hers?
;g leL;k D;ksa mldk ugha gS\
;s loky fduds gSa\ ;g ?kj dSls gekjk gS\ Why is this problem not
Whose questions are these? How is this house ours? his?
os cPps fduds gSa\ ;g iQksu dSls vkidk gS\ os lkeku D;ksa mu yksxksa ds ugha gSa\
Whose children are these?
How is this phone yours? Why are those things not
os lkeku fduds gSa\ theirs?/ why is that luggage
;g ?kksM+k dSls mldk gS\
Who is luggage is that? not theirs?
How is this horse his?
og lCth fdldk gS\ ;g ns'k D;ksa rqEgkjk ugha gS\
;g ryokj dSls rqEgkjh gS\
Whose vegetables are Why is this country not
How is this sword yours?
those? yours?
og lkbfdy fdldk gS\ ;g lksuk dSls mldk ugha gS\ ;g rjhdk D;ksa gekjk ugha gS\
Whose bicycle is that? How is this gold not his?
Why is this method not ours?
vki dSls gSa\ ;g dkj dSls mldk ugha gS\ rqe gekjs dc gksrs gks\
How are you? How is this car not his? When are you ours?
vkids ekrk&firk dSls gSa\ og ?kj dSls mldk ugha gS\ ;g ftEesnkjh rqEgkjh dc gksrh gS\
How are your parents? How isn’t this house his? When is this responsibility
mlds cPps dSls gSa\ Practice Set - 05 yours?
How are his children? ;g loky dSls rqEgkjk ugha gS\ ;g dgka ge yksxksa dk gksrk gS\
mldh cgu dSlh gS\ How isn’t this question Where is this ours?
How is his sister? yours? og dgka rqEgkjk gksrk gS\
mu yksxksa ds nksLr dSls gSa\ og dSls rqEgkjh iRuh ugha gS\ Where is that yours?
How are their friends? How is that not your wife? ;g ftEesnkjh dgka rqEgkjh gksrh gS\
mldk ifr dSlk gS\ ;g vkSjr dSls mldh eka ugha gS\ Where is this responsibility
How is her husband? How is this woman not his yours?
mldk ?kj dSlk gS\ mother? ;g dc gekjk ugha gS\
How is his house? ;s xyfr;ka dSls rqEgkjh ugha gS\ When is this not ours?
rqEgkjk ns'k dSlk gS\ How are these these rqEgkjk ugha ;g dgka rqEgkjk ugha gS\
How is your country? mistakes not yours? Where isn’t this yours?
 1

The Use of Am, Is and Are

Basic Sentence Structures based on Am, Is and Are
1. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Preposition + Noun/Pronoun. (Affirmative Sentence)
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

Prepositions:
In - esa From - ls Over - ds mij
On - ij@ ds mij With - ds lkFk For - ds fy,
At - esa ij Before - lkeus Against - ds fo:¼@ ds lgkjs
Under - ds uhps Behind - ihNs Near - ikl
1. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Preposition + Noun/Pronoun. (Affirmative Sentence)
(a) eSa ?kj ij gw¡A I am at home.

(b)ek¡ jlksbZ esa gSA Mother is in the kitchen.

(c) ckFk:e esa dksbZ gSA Somebody is in the bathroom.

(d)fdrkc Vscy ij gSA The book is on the table.

(e) iQksu rfd;k ds uhps gSA The phone is under the pillow.

(f) og eqEcbZ ls gSA She is from Mumbai.

1.1. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Preposition + Noun/Pronoun. (Affirmative Sentence)
(a) ;g vkids fy, gSA This is for you.

(b) os yksx ljdkj ds f[kykiQ gSaA They are against the Government.

(c) esjk ?kj eafnj ds ihNs gSA My house is behind the temple.

(d) esjs lj ds mij ,d ia[kk gSA A fan is over my head.

(e) ge yksx lM+d ij gSaA We are on the road.

2. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + not + Preposition +Noun/Pronoun.
Or
Noun/Pronoun + isn’t/amn’t/aren’t + Preposition+Noun/Pronoun. (Negative Sentence)
(a) ikik ?kj ij ugha gSaA Papa is not at home./ Papa isn’t at home.

(b) gj dksbZ @ izR;sd O;fDr lM+d ij ugha gSA Everybody is not on the road./ Everybody isn’t on the road.
(c) fdrkc rk[kk ij ugha gSA The book is not on the shelf. / The book isn’t on the shelf.

(d) og Ldwy esa ugha gSA She is not at school. / She isn’t at school.

(e) 'kks 9 cts ugha gSA The show is not at 9 pm./ The show isn’t at 9 pm.
2.1 Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + not + Preposition+Noun/Pronoun.
Or
Noun/Pronoun + isn’t/amn’t/aren’t + Preposition+Noun/Pronoun. (Negative Sentence)
(a) og esjs lkFk ugha gSA She is not with me./ She isn’t with me.

(b) ;g rqEgkjs fy, ugha gSA This is not for you. / This isn’t for you.

(c) og nhokj ds ihNs ugha gSA He is not behind the wall. / He isn’t behind the wall.
 2

(d) cDlk Vscy ds uhps ugha gSA The boxes are not under the table. / The boxes aren’t under the table.

(e) vki essjs f[kykiQ ugha gSaA You are not against me. / You aren’t against me.

(f) ge yksx muesa ls ugha gSaA We are not among them. / We aren’t among them.
3. Is/Am/Are + Noun/Pronoun + Preposition + Noun/Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
(a) D;k og ?kj ij gS\ Is he at home?
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

(b) D;k vki esjs lkFk gks \ Are you with me?

(c) D;k vkids firk th vkWfiQl esa gSa\ Is your father in the office?

(d) D;k yM+fd;k¡ vki ds f[kykiQ gSa\ Are the girls against you?

(e) D;k ;g esjs fy, gS\ Is this for me?

(f) D;k iQksu Vscy ij gS\ Is the phone on the table?

3.1 Is/Am/Are + Noun/Pronoun + Preposition + Noun/Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
(a) D;k dksbZ rqEgkjs ihNs gS\ Is anybody behind you?

(b) D;k ia[kk vkids lj ds mij gS\ Is the fan over your head?

(c) D;k yM+ds eafnj ds ikl gSa\ Are the boys near the temple?

(d) D;k os yksx eqEcbZ ls gSa\ Are they from Mumbai?

(e) D;k vki ijs'kkuh esa gSa\ Are you in trouble?

(f) D;k og Nr ij gS\ Is she on the roof?

4. Who/ What + is/are + Preposition + Noun/Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)

(a) dkSu vkids lkFk gS\ Who is with you?

(b) dkSu esjs f[kykiQ gS\ Who is against me?

(c) dkSu inkZ ds ihNs gS Who is behind the curtain?

(d) dkSu eap ij gS\ Who is on the stage?

(e) dkSu&dkSu bl ukSdjh dke ds fy, gSA Who are for this job?
(f) dkSu&dkSu tt ds lkeus gSa\ Who are before the judge?
4.1 Who/ What + is/are + Preposition + Noun/Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)

(a) vkids fnekx esa D;k gS\ What is in your mind?

(b) cDlk ds mij D;k gS\ What is on the box?

(c) rfd;k ds uhps D;k gS\ What is under the pillow?

(d) vkids vk¡[kksa ds lkeus D;k&D;k gSa\ What are before your eyes?
(e) nhokj ds lgkjs D;k&D;k gSa\ What are against the wall?

(f) Úht ds ihNs D;k&D;k gSa\ What are behind the fridge?
Practice: Speak With Me
1. Are you a doctor? ~ Yes. I am.

D;k vki MkWDVj gSa\ gk¡] eSa gw¡A

2. Is it yours? ~ Yes. It is.
D;k ;g vkidk gS\ gk¡] ;g esjk gSA
 3

3. Is she not confident? ~ No. She isn’t.

D;k og fo'okl ls Hkjh gbZ gS\ ugha] og fo'okl ls Hkjh ugha gSA
4. Are these ours? ~ No. They aren’t.
D;k ;s gekjs gSa\ ugha] gekjs ugha gSaA
5. Is this hers? ~ Yes. It is.
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

D;k ;g mldk gS\ gk¡] ;g mldk gSA

6. Is that man helpful? ~ Yes. He is.
D;k og vkneh ennxkj gS\ gk¡] ennxkj gSA
7. Are those expensive? ~ No. They aren’t.
D;k os eg¡xs gS\ ugha] eg¡xs ugha gSaA
8. Is she cruel? ~ No. She isn’t.
D;k og funZ;h gS\ ugha] funZ;h ugha gSaA
9. Is your father strict? ~ Yes. Much too.
D;k vkids firk dM+s gS\ gk¡] cgqr T;knk
10.Is the tea hot? ~ Yes. Much too
D;k pk; xeZ gS\ gk¡] cgqr T;knk A
 1

Vocabulary for Spoken English-1

Get Set and Go
1. What’s this? It’s ten minutes to five.
This is an oxy-metre. 6. What’s the menu for dinner today?
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

2. What’s this for? Rice ‘n’ egg-curry.

To measure oxygen level. 7. What shall we have for dinner?
3. What’re these? Plenty of delicious things….
These are flowers. 8. What’s the matter?
4. What’re these for? Nothing so serious.
To decorate the house. 9. What’s the problem?
5. What’s the time?/What’s the time by your I need some money urgently.
watch? Have to entertain lots of guests tonight.
It’s nine past five. 10. What’s going on?/What’re you doing?
It’s nine to five. Nothing. Just sitting idle.
It’s five./ It’s 5 o’clock.
Vocabulary for Everyday Speech
Basic Words 16. Accept
1. About 17. Acceptable
2. Ability 18. Access
3. Above 19. Accident
4. Able 20. Accidental
5. Abandon 21. Accidentally
6. Abandoned 22. Accommodation
7. Abroad 23. Accompany
8. Absence 24. According to
9. Absent 25. Account
10. Absolute 26. Accurate
11. Absolutely 27. Accurately
12. Absorb 28. Accuse
13. Abuse 29. Achieve
14. Academic 30. Achievement
15. Accent

Phrases & Collocations Related to Family and Friends

1. A lifelong friend – A friend that you have had for most of your life
2. A relationship of trust – A connection with another in which you have faith and confidence
3. Arrange a dinner date – Plan to share an evening meal
4. A shoulder to cry on – Someone to sympathize with you.
5. Close knit family – A close family with common interests
6. Dear to my heart – Someone that I care about
7. Distant cousins – People who share a common ancestor but are not closely related
8. Extend the hand of friendship – Reach out to someone in a friendly manner
9. Extended family – Uncles, aunts and cousins form part of the extended family
10. Face to face – In person
 1

Spoken Class – 08
Get Set and Go 7. Who’re you ‘n’ what’re you here for?

1. Who’s at the door? vki dkSu gSa vkSj ;gka fdl dke ls vk, gSa\
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

njoktk ij dkSu gS\ I’m Sangeeta. Is this Mr Gaurav’s house?

A woman in white? eSa laxhrk gwaA D;k ;g xkSjo dk ?kj gS ?

Yes, it is.
liQsn diM+s esa dksbZ vkSjr gSA
gka thA
2. Who’s is this woman?
Actually I have an appointment with him.
;g vkSjr dkSu gS\
njvly] esjk muds lkFk vikWbaVesaV gSA
I don’t know.
Ok…come on in.
eq>s ugha irkA
Bhd gS vanj vk tk,A
3. What’s in her hand?
Thank you. By the way may I know who
mlds gkFk esa D;k gS\ you are.

Some documents. /U;okn! oSls eSa tku ldrk gwa vki dkSu gSa\
dqN dkxtkr gSaA Gaurav’s wife.

4. Is she young? eSa xkSjo dh iRuh gwa A

Hi! Nice to meet you.
D;k og toku gS\
gk;! feydj vPNk yxkA
No. She is middle-aged.
Hi! Nice to meet you too.
ugha] og chp ds mez@ v/sM+ mez dh gS\
gk;! eq>s Hkh feydj vPNk yxkA
It means she’s your age.
8. Please have a seat here.
bldk eryc og rqEgkjs mez dh gSA
d`i;k ;gka cSfB,A
5. What do you mean?
Ok…thank you.
rqEgkjk eryc D;k gS\ /U;okn!
Come on…I’m still young… 30 isn’t 9. Would you like to have something?
middle-age.
D;k vki dqN ysuk pkgsaxs\
eSa rks vHkh Hkh toku gwa--- 30 lky dksbZ v/sM+ mez Yes. Of course…Gaurav…
ugha gksrh gSA th gka cs'kd------ xkSjo dks----
6. Just kidding. Well get her in, my beautiful 10. What????
young lady. D;k\\\
eSa rks etkd dj jgk FkkA ek; C;wVhiQqy ;ax ysMh] Ha..ha..haaa..Relax, dear…..just kidding,
mls vanj cqyk yksA I’m one of his school mates.

Ok. My handsome young gentleman. vjs ?kcjkvks er eSa rks etkd dj jgk gwaA eSa mlds

Bhd gS] ek; gSaMle ;ax tsaVyeSuA Ldwy ds fe=kksa esa ls ,d gwaA
 1

Spoken Class - 09
Get Set and Go 9. Ok. I’m leaving for the office.
1. Mohan, where are you?
Bhd gS rks eSa vkWfiQl ds fy, fudy jgk gwaA
eksgu] dgka gks\ Ok…Bye! Bye!…..Take care.
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

In the garden. Just coming.

ck; ck;---- viuk è;ku j[kukA
xkMZu esa---- cl vk jgk gwaA 10. Bye…You too. And listen…how about
2. Come fast. I’m getting late. dinning out tonight?

rsth ls vkvks@ tYn vk tkvks----- eq>s nsj gks jgh gSA ck; ck;---- rqe Hkh viuk è;ku j[kukA gka lquks----- rks
Yes, Sir. vkt jkr [kkuk [kkus ckgj pysa\
gka th ljA O…so sweet of you. I’ll be in your favourite
pink.
3. Where is my wallet?
rqe fdrus vPNs gks---- eSa rqEgkjk iQsojsV fiad iguwaxhA
esjk okWysV dgka gS\
Useful Colloquial Expressions for Everyday Use
Wallet…… Sir…only Ma’am can tell you.
1. okg] okg !
okWysV------ lj----- ;g rks fliQZ eSe gh crk ldrh gSaA
Marvellous !
4. Where’s she? Go n ask her.
2. 'kkck'k !
og dgka gSa\ tkvks vkSj muls iwNksA Well done !
Yes, sir. But she’s has gone to the parlor.
3. vfr lqUnj !
gka th lj---- ysfdu og rks ikyZj xbZ gSaA Beautiful !/Very beautiful !
5. Ok…get back to your work. I call her. 4. vjs !
Bhd gS---- tkvks viuk dke djksA eSa dkWy dj ysrkA Hey !
Yes, Sir. 5. okg!
gsyks Wow !
6. Hello. 6. cs'kd !
gsyks Of course !

Hello. 7. bZ'oj dks /U;okn !

gsyks Thank God !

7. Misti….Where is my wallet? 8. bZ'oj dh d`ik ls !

By God's grace !
feLVh --- esjk okWysV dgka gS\
In the bed room…..under the pillow….I 9. vkidks Hkh !
think Same to you !

csM:e esa----- eq>s yx jgk gS rfd;k ds uhpsA 10. cgqr cf<+;k !

8. Okayyyy…. Are you done or will take time Excellent !

? 11. cM+s nq%[k dh ckr gS !

Bhd gS---- rqEgkjk gks x;k ;k fiQj vHkh le; yxsxk\ How sad !

Almost….will be back in half an hour. 12. cM+h [kq'kh dk lekpkj !

yxHkx----- vk/s ?kaVs esa vk tkmQaxhA That's a good piece of news !
 2

13. fdruh cM+h fot;! Many many happy returns of the day!

What a great victory ! 25. c/kbZ!

14. izHkq esjs! @gs Hkxoku ! Congratulations !/Congrats!

Good heavens ! 26. fdruh csnwnxh !

15. D;k [kwc ! What nonsense !
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

How sweet !/Excellent! 27. fdruh 'keZ dh ckr gS !

16. fdruk lqUnj ! What a shame !

How lovely !/How beautiful ! 28. fdruk lq[kn vk'p;Z!

17. ,slk dgus dh rqEgkjh fgEer dSlk gqbZ ! What a pleasant surprise !

How dare you say that ? 29. fN% fN%!

18. tYnh djks ! How disgusting !/ Fie ! Fie !

Hurry up ! /Make haste ! 30 fdrus nq%[k dh ckr gS!

19. pqi jfg, ! What a pity!

Quiet, please ! /Please keep quiet ! 31. fdruh cf<+;k lw> gS !

20. gk¡] ,slk gh ! What an idea !

Yes it is !/Yes, that's it ! 30. vki dk Lokxr gS !

21. lpeqp ! Welcome, sir !

Really ! 31. D;k eqlhcr gS !

22. vkidk èkU;okn! What a bother !

Thank you ! 32. lko/kuh ls@laHky dj!

23. Hkxoku dk yk[k&yk[k 'kqØ gS! Watch out !/Careful !

Thank God!/ Many many thanks to God! 33. dgha utj u yxs !
24. ;g fnu ckj&ckj vk, ! Touch wood !

Many happy returns of the day !

 1

Sentences Based on Was & Were for Oral Practice

Noun/Pronoun + was/were + Adjective.
vkb;s bl structure ij vk/kfjr dqN okD;ksa cq¼w FkkA eSa [kq'k FkkA eS LoLFk FkkA eSa pkykd FkkA rqe
dks mnkgj.kksa esa le>sa%& cqf¼eku FksA vkiyksx esgurh FksA rqe yksx bZekunkj
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

1. ge yksx /uh FksA We were rich. FksA vki cgknqj FksA geyksx vehj FksA geyksx
2. vki cqf¼eku FksA You were wise. n;kyq FksA jke rst FkkA ';ke mnkl FkkA og eksVk
3. vki yksx LoLFk FksA You were healthy.
FkkA og nqcyk FkkA og eksVh FkhA og nqcyh FkhA
yyu etcwr FkkA og (futhZo) dM+k FkkA jke vkSj
4. rqe@rqeyksx ohj FksA You were brave.
';ke vehj FksA cPps mnkl FksA os yksx LoLF; FksA
5. og (iaq-) bZekunkj FkkAHe was honest.
os yksx Hkw[ks FksA rqe ikxy FkssA og ikxy FkkA lhrk
6. og (iaq-) lqanj FkkA He was handsome.
lqanj FkhA jke n;kyq FkkA yM+ds vPNs FksA eksgu Mj
7. og (L=kh) lqqanj FkhA She was beautiful. iksd FkkA esjk HkkbZ pkykd FkkA lhrk detksj FkhA
8. dke nso nqcyk FkkA Kam Dev was thin. og nq"V FkkA os Øwj FksA rqe vkSj lhrk vehj FksA os
9. os yksx esgurh FksA They were laborious. yksx etcwr vkSj esgurh FksA jke vkSj enu cgknqj
10. yM+ds uV[kV FksA The boys were vkSj rst FksA rqEgkjs firkth detksj FksA jke jghe
naughty. izlUu FkkA vklkjke mnkl FkkA jkeiky detksj FkkA
11. esjk nksLr mnkl FkkA My friend was sad. js[kk Mjiksd FkhA rqe [kq'k FkssA lhrk LoLFk FkhA os
12. rqe vkSj eSa izlUu FksA You and I were yksx pkykd FksA ge yksx cqf¼eku FksA rqe yksx
happy. esgurh FksA jktw rst vkSj cgknqj FkkA rqe yksx
13. jktw vkSj dktw vPNs FksA Raju and Kaju were etcwr vkSj esgurh FksA rqe vkSj ySyk vehj FksA
good. iwtk n;kyq FkhA eksfguh Mjiksd FkhA vkids cPps
14. xhrk detksj FkhA Geeta was weak. mnkl FksA os yksx Hkw[ks FksA lwth eksVh FkhA lqtk
15. rqe cgknqj FksA You were brave. nqcyk FkkA ge yksx lqanj FksA rqe lqUnj FksA vki
16. vki lgh FksA You were right.
ikxy FksA os yksx Øwj FksA rsjk HkkbZ nq"V FkkA esjk
HkkbZ etcwr FkkA eSa I;klk FkkA rwe Hkw[kh FkhA rqe
17. rqe xyr FksA You were wrong.
lq[kh FkhA rqe lqanj FksA eSa bZekunkj FkkA
18. eSa lgh FkkA I was right.
Vocabulary: [kq'k&happy, LoLF;&healthy,
19. eSa xjhc FkkA I was poor.
pkykd& clever, cq f ¼eku& wise, es g urh&
20. eSa pkykd FkkA I was clever.
laborious, bZekunkj&honest, cgknqj&brave,
EXERCISE
vehj&rich, n;kyq&kind, rst&intelligent,
Translate into English by speaking –
mnkl& sad, eksVk& fat, nqcyk& thin,
jke vehj FkkA rqe xjhc FksA lhrk cqf¼eku FkhA ge
etcwr&strong, dM+k&hard, Hkw[kk&hungry,
yksx LoLFk FksA jko.k vPNk FkkA rqe uV[kV FksA
ikxy&mad, lqanj&beautiful, detksj&weak,
liuk mnkl FkhA lwth 'kehZyh FkhA lqtk ikxy FkkA
nq " V& wicked, Øw j & cruel, Mjiks d & timid,
rqe ohj FksA rqe lgh FksA vki xyr FkhA jk[kh
vPNk&good, izlUu&happy.
pykd FkhA 'osrk cqf¼eku FkhA jke rst FkkA y{e.k
 2

Sentences Based on Was & Were for Oral Practice

Noun/Pronoun + was/were + Noun.
vkb;s bl structure ij vk/kfjr dqN okD;ksa Nk= FksA og ,d ulZ FkhA og ,d dykdkj FkkA
dks mnkgj.kksa esa le>sa%& og ,d xkf;dk FkhA og ,d vfHk;ark FkkA os ,d
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

1. eSa ,d fo|kFkhZ FkkA I was a student. f'k{kd FksA jke ,d usrk FkkA ';ke ,d Mkfd;k

2. rqe ,d xk;d FksA You were a singer. FkkA lhrk ,d MkWDVj FkhA geyksx f'k{kd FksA

3. vki ,d MkWDVj FksA You were a doctor. rqeyksx Nk= FksA vkiyksx MkWDVj FksA os yksx
fdlku FksA jke vkSj xksih ukSdj FksA rqe ,d
4. og ,d vfHk;ark FkkA He was an engineer.
fdlku FksA rqeyksx fdlku FksA vki ,d vQlj
5. og ,d xkf;dk FkhA She was a singer.
FksA vkiyksx vQlj FksA ;g ,d ys[kd FksA jke
6. lhrk ,d ulZ FkhA Sita was a nurse.
vkSj ';ke ys[kd FksA eSa dfo FkkA geyksx dfo
7. geyksx fo|kFkhZ FksA We were students.
FksA og urZdh FkhA os urZfd;k¡ FkhA esjs firk usrk
8. vkiyksx fdlku FksA You were farmers.
FksA esjs nksLr yksx usrk FksA rqe ,d fdlku FksA
9. jke vkSj ';ke MkWDVj FksA
eSa ,d Vhpj FkkA eSa ,d dfo FkkA eSa ,d fo|kFkhZ
Ram and Shyam FkkA jke ,d ukSdj FkkA ';ke ,d MkWDVj FkkA
were doctors.
rqe yksx Nk= FksA ge yksx f'k{kd FksA rqe dfo
10. os yksx f'k{kd FksA You were teachers. FksA ge yksx f'k{kd FksA rqe dfo FksA esjk HkkbZ
EXERCISE - 2 ,d usrk Fkk fnYyh ,d jkt/kkuh FkhA bafM;k ,d
Translate into English- ns'k FkkA liuk ,d urZdh FkhA luh ,d dykdkj
eSa I;kj FkkA eSa ,d f'k{kd FkkA rqe ,d fo+|kFkhZ FkkA xksik ,d ukSdj FkkA
FksA yrk ,d xkf;dk FkhA lwth ,d ulZ FkhA Vocabulary: fdlku&farmer, fo|kFkhZ&student,
lqtk ,d MkWDVj FkkA os yksx fdlku FksA vki dfo&poet, f'k{kd&teacher, ukSdj&servant,
,d vfHk;ark FksA vklkjke ,d izes h FkkA jke ulZ & nurse, dykdkj& artist, xkf;dk&
jghe ,d xq: FkkA jkeiky ,d lar FkkA eSa ,d singer, vfHk;ark&engineer, usrk&leader,
fdlku FkkA eSa ,d fo|kFkhZ FkkA vki ,d dfo FksA Mkfd;k&post-man, MkWDVj&doctor, vQlj &
vki ,d f'k{kd FksA rqe ,d ukSdj FksA rqe ,d officer, ys[kd&writer, urZdh&dancer.
 3

Sentences Based on Was & Were for Oral Practice

Noun/Pronoun + was/were + Not + Noun /Adjective.
Noun/Pronoun + wasn’t/ weren’t + Noun /Adjective.

vkb;s bl structure ij vk/kfjr dqN okD;ksa ugha FksA vki yksx rS;kj ugha FksA eSa eksVk FkkA ge
yksx esgurh ugha FksA rqe ikxy ugha FksA lhrk
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

dks mnkgj.kksa esa le>sa%&

1. eSa cqjk ugha FkkA I was not bad. eksVh ugha FkhA vki vkylh ugha FksA djhuk dq:i
2. rqe pkykd ugha FksA You were not clever.
ugha FkhA eSa nq[kh ugha FkkA eSa Mjiksd ugha FkkA
geyksx Hkw[ks ugha FksA geyksx rS;kj ugha FksA rqe
3. geyksx Øwj ugha FksA We were not cruel.
vLoLF; ugha FksA vki eksVs ugha FksA vkiyksx
4. jke /kuh ugha FkkA Ram was not rich.
esgurh ugha FksA og ikxy ugha FkhA og eksVh ugha
5. os yksx bZekunkj ugha FksA FkhA jke vkylh ugha FkkA xhrk dq:i ugha FkhA
They were not os yksx vf'kf{kr ugha FksA cPps Hkw[ks ugha FksA esjk
honest. HkkbZ cgjk ugha FkkA Hkkjrh; fdlku /kuh ugha FksA
6. jke vkSj jfo rS;kj ugha FksA enu vkSj x.ks'k QqrhZys FksA og ¼L=h½ izlUu ugha
Ram and Ravi FkhA eSa ukSdj ugha FkhA geyksx usrk ugha FksA rqe
were not ready. fdlku ugha FksA vki pksj ugha FksA vkiyksx
7. yM+ds detksj ugha FksA f'k{kd ugha FksA og ulZ ugha FkhA og Nk= ugha
The boys were not FkhA yrk MkWDVj ugha FkhA os yksx vfHk;ark ugha
weak. FksA fot; vkSj eksgu xk;d ugha FksA esjs firkth
8. og pksj ugha FkkA He was not a thief. MkWDVj ugha FksA esjs f'k{kdx.k usrk ugha FksA ge
yksx Hkw[ks ugha FksA rqe cgjh ugha FkhA fnYyh ds
9. rqe Nk= ugha FksAs You were not a
student.
yksx /kuh ugha FksA eSa QqrhZyk ugha FkkA rqEgkjh
nhnh [kq'k ugha FkhA rqe ukSdj ugha FksA vki yksx
10. geyksx usrk ugha FksA We we r e n o t
leaders.
usrk ugha FksA eSa fdlku ugha FkkA eSa f'k{kd ugha
FkkA og MkWDVj ugha FkkA eSa Nk= ugha FkhA yrk
11. vkiyksx ea=h ugha FksA Yo u w e r e n o t
xkf;dk ugha FkhA eSa vfHk;ark ugha FkhA vkids
ministers.
firkth MkWDVj ugha FksA ge yksx pksj ugha FksA
12. os yksx f'k{kd ugha FksA They w e re not
teachers. Vocabulary: : nq[kh&sad, Mjiksd&timid,

EXERCISE - 3 Hkw [ kk& hungry, rS ; kj& ready, voLF;&

Translate into English- unhealthy, unwell, eks V k& fat, es g urh&

Rkqe cqjs ugha FksA uhyw vPNs ugha FkhA ge yksx nq"V laborious, ikxy&mad, vkylh&idle, lazy,
ugha FksA vklkjke lar ugha FkkA jke jghe xq: dq : i& ugly, vf'kf{kr& uneducated,
ugha FkkA ge yksx bZekunkj ugha FksA gekjk ns'k cPps&children, cgjk&deaf, Hkkjrh;&Indian,
detksj ugha FkkA rqe pksj ugha FksA rqe f'k{kd /kuh&rich, QqrhZyk&active, izlUu&happy,
ugha FksA eSa usrk ugha FkkA rqe ea=h ugha FksA eSa pksj&thief, usrk&leader, vfHk;ark&engineer,
nq[kh ugha FkkA rqe Mjiksd ugha FksA os yksx Hkw[ks xk;d&singer.
 4

Sentences Based on Was & Were for Oral Practice

Was/Were + Noun/Pronoun + Noun/Adjective?
vkb;s bl structure ij vk/kfjr dqN okD;ksa D;k og rqEgkjk fe= Fkk\ D;k rqe ukSdj Fks\
dks mnkgj.kksa esa le>sa%&
D;k vkidk HkkbZ rst Fkk\ D;k eSa HkkX;'kkyh Fkk\
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

1. D;k vkiyksx fdlku Fks\

Were you farmers? D;k eSa ukSdj Fkk\ D;k esa Nk= Fkk\ D;k geyksx
f'k{kd Fks\ D;k vkiyksx MkWDVj Fks\ D;k og
2. D;k vki HkkX;'kkyh Fks\
xkf;dk Fkh\ D;k og urZdh Fkh\ D;k os yksx
Were you lucky?
pksj Fks\ D;k os yksx Mkdw Fks\ D;k eSa ikxy Fkk\
3. D;k rqe Mjiksd Fks\
D;k eSa va/kk Fkk\ D;k rqe rS;kj Fks\ D;k geyksx
Were you timid?
xyr Fks\ D;k og fouez Fkk\ D;k os yksx Fkds
4. D;k og eksVh Fkh\ Fks\ D;k lhrk funksZ"k Fkh\ D;k rqe rst Fks\ D;k

Was she fat? ge yksx xyr Fks\ D;k ge yksx fouez Fks\ D;k
rqe uV[kV Fks\ D;k oks I;klh Fkh\ D;k vki
5. D;k og pksj Fkk\
yksx Hkw[ks Fks\ D;k ge yksx rS;kj Fks\ D;k og
Was he a thief?
vklkjke Fkk\ D;k og guhizhr Fkh\
6. D;k os yksx usrk Fks\
Vocabulary: rst&intelligent, ukSdj& servant,
Were they leaders?
ikxy& mad, va / kk& blind, rS ; kj& ready,
7. D;k vkids pkpk MkWDVj Fks\
xyr&wrong, fouez&hunble, Fkdk&tired,
Was your uncle a doctor? funksZ"k&innocent, nq"V&wicked, HkkX;'kkyh&
EXERCISE - 4 lucky, csbe
Z ku&dishonest, uV[kV&naughty,

Translate into English- iRuh&wife, 'kehZyk&shy, gekjs ns'k ds usrk&

the leader of our country, egku&great,
D;k rqe pkykd Fks\ D;k vki HkkX;'kkyh Fks\
D;k rqe f'k{kd Fks\ D;k vkids firkth MkWDVj Øwj&cruel, ukSdj&servant, Mkfd;k& postman,

Fks\ D;k rqe va/kh Fkh\ D;k esjk ns'k egku Fkk\ fdjkuh& clerk, xkf;dk& singer, urZ d h&
danger, pksj&thief, Mkdw&robber.
D;k rqe esjs irh Fks\ D;k vki ,d urZdh Fkh\
 5

Sentences Based on Was & Were for Oral Practice

Was/Were + Noun/Pronoun + not / + Noun /Adjective?
Wasn’t/ Weren’t + Noun/Pronoun + Noun /Adjective?
vkb;s bl structure ij vk/kfjr dqN okD;ksa ugha Fks\ D;k rqe xansa ckt ugha Fks\ D;k vki yksx
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

dks mnkgj.kksa esa le>sa%&

c<+bZ ugha Fks\ D;k rqe ys[kd ugha Fks\ D;k og
1. D;k eSa va/kk ugha Fkk\ Was I not blind?/
yksx fdjkuh ugha Fks\ D;k rqe foØsrk ugha Fks\
Wasn’t I blind?
D;k vki laiknd ugha Fks\ D;k jke nq"V ugha Fkk\
2. D;k vki cgjs ugha Fks\Were you not deaf?/
D;k eSa HkkX;'kkyh ugha Fkk \ D;k rqe csbZeku ugha
Weren’t you deaf?
Fks\ D;k cPps uV[kV ugha Fks\ D;k vkidh iRuh
3. D;k og eksVh ugha Fkh\ Was she not fat?/
'kehZyh ugha Fkh\ D;k rqe csbZeku ugha Fks\ D;k
Wasn’t she fat?
gekjs ns'k ds usrk egku ugha Fks\ D;k geyksx Øwj
4. D;k rqe xjhc ugha Fks\ Were you not poor?/
ugha Fks\ D;k esa Nk= ugha Fkk\ D;k vkiyksx
Weren’t you poor?
f'k{kd ugha Fks\ D;k og urZdh ugha Fkh\ D;k os
5. D;k cPps Hkw[ks ugha Fks\ Were the children
yksx Mkdw ugha Fks\ D;k jke nq"V ugha Fkk\ D;k
not hungry?/
Weren’t the
rqe csbZeku ugha Fks\ D;k cPps uV[kV ugha Fks\
children hungry? D;k vkidh iRuh 'kehZyh ugha Fkh\ D;k rqe

6. D;k og ukfod ugha Fkk\ Was he not a csbZeku ugha Fks\ D;k rqe oQknkj ugha Fks\ D;k
sailor?/ Wasn’t he og O;ogkfjd ugha Fkk\ D;k rqe toku ugha Fks\
a sailor? D;k eSa foosd'khy ugha Fkk\ D;k rqEgkjs irh
7. D;k rqe Nk= ugha Fks\ Were you not a Hkjksles na ugha Fks\ D;k eSa feyulkj ugha Fkk\ D;k
student? / rqe uV[kV ugha Fks\ D;k vki yksx xyr ugha Fks\
Weren’t you a D;k vkidh csVh vkKkdkjh ugha Fkh\
student?
Vocabulary: nq " V& wicked, HkkX;'kkyh&
EXERCISE - 5
lucky, csbe
Z ku&dishonest, uV[kV& naughty,
Translate into English-
iRuh&wife, 'kehZyk&shy, gekjs ns'k ds usrk&the
D;k ge yksx mnkj ugha Fks\ D;k og diVh Fkk\ leader of our country, egku& great,
D;k eSa chekj Fkk\ D;k rqe tks'khys FksA D;k Øw j & cruel, ukS d j& servant, Mkfd;k&
vkids firkth cq<s+ Fks\ D;k vkidk HkkbZ lTtu postman, fdjkuh& clerk, xkf;dk& singer,
ugha Fkk\ D;k rqe ea=h Fks\ D;k vki igyoku urZdh& dancer, Mkdw& robber.
 6

Sentences Based on Was & Were for Oral Practice

(a) Question Word + was/were + Noun/Pronoun + not +
Noun / Adjective?
(b) Question Word + wasn’t/ weren’t + Noun/Pronoun +
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

Noun / Adjective?
(c) Question Word + was/were +Noun/Pronoun + Noun/
Adjective?
1. geyksx dSls xjhc Fks ? How were we poor?
2. og D;ksa nq[kh Fkk ? Why was he sad?
Note:-
Question Words – Who/Whom/
Which/What/ Where/When/
Whose/Why/How
Who – dkSu@fdlus Where – dgk¡
Whom – fdldks@fdls When – dc
Which – dkSu@dkSu lk@fdlus@ Whose – fdldk@fdldh
fdls Why – D;ksa
What – D;k
How – dSls

Solved Example: 6. os yksx D;ksa mifLFkr ugha Fks\

1. eSa dSls nks"kh Fkk\ Why were they not present?

How was I guilty? 7. vki dSls csbZeku ugha Fks\

2. geyksx dSls xjhc Fks\ How were they not dishonest?

How were we poor? 8. eSa dSls ,d pksj Fkk\

How was I a thief?
3. os yksx dSls cqjs Fks\
9. geyksx dSls usrk ugha Fks\
How were they bad?
How were we not leaders?
4. og D;ksa nq[kh Fkk\
10. vkids firkth dSls ,d dfo ugha Fks\
Why was he sad?
How was your father not a poet?
5. rqe D;ksa rS;kj ugha Fks\
11. rqe ,d MkWDVj D;ksa ugha Fks\
Why were you not ready? Why were you not a doctor?
 7

EXERCISE - 5 csbZeku ugha Fks\ og dSls /kuh ugha Fkk\ eSa dSls
Translate into English- ,d vPNk vkneh ugha Fkk\ og dSls ,d pksj Fkk\
rqe D;kas Hkw[ks Fks\ os yksx dSls /kuh Fks\ rqe D;ksa vki ,d usrk D;ksa ugha Fks\ vkiyksx D;ksa MkWDVj
detksj Fks\ vki dSls Mjiksd Fks\ eSa dSls xyr ugha Fks\ geyksx D;ksa pksj Fks\ og D;ksa ,d ulZ
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

Fkk\ rqe D;ksa ?keaMh Fks\ rqe D;ksa Li"Voknh ugha Fkh\ og dSlh ukSdjkuh Fkh\ rqe D;ksa pksj Fks\ eSa
Fks\ ge yksx D;ksa esgurh ugha Fks\ os lc dSls dSlk Bsdns kj Fkk\ lc ds lc D;ksa vkyksp
s d Fks\
cgknqj Fks\ rqe lkglh D;ksa ugha Fks\ os yksx dSls rqe dSls tklwl Fks\ eSa dSls ,d jktusrk ugha FkkA
ew[kZ Fks\ eSa dSls csbZeku Fkk\ og D;ksa rS;kj Fks\ ge yksx D;ksa ukbZ Fks\
lhrk D;ksa vuqifLFkr Fkh\ vki dSls funks"k Fks\ os Vocabulary: csbe
Z ku& dishonest, vuqifLFkr &
yksx D;ksa xjhc Fks\ rqe D;ksa ijs'kku Fks\ yM+ds absent, funks Z " k& innocent, ja t & angry,
D;ksa Hkw[ks Fks\ ejht D;ksa nq[kh Fkk\ geyksx dSls annoyed, xjhc&poor, ijs'kku&troubled,
Øwj Fks\ og dSls dq:i Fkk\ og D;ksa chekj Fkk\ disturbed, anxious, Hkw [ kk& hungry,
vki D;ksa xjhc Fks\ og D;ksa mifLFkr ugha Fkk\ ejht& patient, nq [ kh& sad, Øw j & cruel,
lhrk dSls lqna j ugha Fkh\ os yksx D;ksa larq"V ugha dq:i& ugly, chekj&ill, mifLFkr&present,
Fks\ eSa dSls n;kyq ugha Fkk\ fo|kFkhZx.k dSls usd
a lq a n j& beautiful, la r q " V& satisfied,
vkSj fouez ugha Fks\ rqe D;ksa izlUu ugha Fks\ vki n;kyq & kind us d & gentle, fouez & good
D;ksa fu;fer ugha Fks\ eSa dSls fu;fer ugha Fkk\ eSa man, pksj&thief, usrk&leader, ulZ& nurse.
dSls ,d vPNk vkneh ugha Fkk\ vkiyksx dSls
 1

Spoken Class - 11
Get Set and Go Almost a week.
1. How often do you read books? yxHkx 1 lIrkgA ]
vki fdrkcsa fdruh ckj i<+rs gks\ 6. Don’t you think it’s boring and tiring for
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

some people?
I read books almost every night before I go
to bed. vkidks ugha yxrk fd ;g dqN yksxksa ds fy, mckmQ
yxHkx gj jkr lksus tkus ls igys eSa fdrkcsa i<+rk gwaA vkSj FkdkmQ gS\
May be. But as for me, it’s not so at all. In
2. What’s your favorite type of book?
fact, it’s a kind of diversion that takes you
vkidh ilanhnk fdrkc fdl izdkj dh gS\ away from the drab, monotonous life for a
I love reading novels. while.
eq>s ukscsy i<+uk ilan gSA gks ldrk gSA ijarq tgka rd esjh ckr gS] ,slk fcYdqy
3. What kind of novel do read? ugha gSA okLro esa ;g ,d ,slk euksjatu gS tks vkidks
vki fdl izdkj dk ukscsy i<+rs gSa\ uhjl vkSj ,dkadh thou ls dqN iy ds fy, nwj
Fiction…with suspense, drama and
ysdj pyk tkrk gSA
romance . 7. That’s great. Very true. But I have no
reading habit.
dkYifud dFkkvksa ij vk/kfjr----- ftlesa lLisal gks]
cgqr vPNk--- fcYdqy lghA ysfdu eq>s i<+us dh
Mªkek gks] jksekal gksA
vknr ugha gSA
4. Do you think reading a novel is useful any
Okay…but habit is something you can
way?
develop. So have it and go through it. It’s a
D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd ukscsy i<+uk fdlh Hkh :i thriller….you will enjoy it.
esa iQk;nsean gS\ vPNk----- ysfdu vknr rks ,d ,slh pht gS ftls
Of course. It’s a great source of pleasure vki fodflr dj ldrs gSaA bls yks vkSj i<+ks---- ;g
and entertainment. ,d fFkzyj gS--- vkidks etk vk,xkA
cs'kd iQk;nsean gSA ;g vkuan vkSj euksjatu dk cgqr 8. Really!!!! Then I must read it….
cM+k lzksr gSA okLro esa!!! rc rks eq>s t:j i<+uk pkfg,A
5. How long do you take to finish a novel? Sure…and do let me know your experience.
,d ukscsy dks i<+us esa vkidks fdruk oDr yx tkrk fcYdqy----- vkSj eq>s t:j crkuk fd i<+dj dSlk
gS\ yxkA

The Use of Was and Were

Basic Sentence Structures based on Was and Were

1. Noun/Pronoun + was/were + Noun. 4. You were a snake-charmer.

(Affirmative Sentence) vki laisjk FksA
1. We were students. 5. He was a singer.
ge yksx fo|kFkhZ FksA og xk;d FkkA
2. You were farmers. 6. She was a dancer.

vki yksx fdlku FksA og urZdh FkhA

3. I was a thief. 7. They were volunteers.

eSa pksj FkkA os yksx dk;ZdrkZ FksA

 2
1.1 Noun/Pronoun + was/were + Noun. 2. We weren’t thieves.
(Affirmative Sentence)
ge yksx pksj ugha FksA
1. This man was a beggar.
3. Radhika was not my friend.
;g O;fDr ,d fHk[kkjh FkkA
jkf/dk esjh nksLr ugha FkhA
2. That was a business woman.
4. They weren’t happy.
og vkSjr ,d O;kikjh FkhA
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

os yksx [kq'k ugha FksA

3. These girls were my students.
5. He was not honest.
;s yM+fd;ka esjs fo|kFkhZ FksA
og bZekunkj ugha FkkA
4. Those children were my offspring.
6. My sister wasn’t a cheat/betrayer.
os cPps esjs larku FksA
esjh cgu /ks[ksckt ugha FkhA
5. My uncle was a doctor.
7. That man wasn’t a mason.
esjs pkpk MkWDVj Fks A
og O;fDr jktfeL=kh ugha FkkA
6. My father was an engineer.
8. These girls weren’t nurses.
firkth vfHk;ark Fks A
;s yM+fd;ka ulZ ugha FkhA
7. Mother was a housewife.
4. Was/Were + Noun/Pronoun + Noun/
eka x`fg.kh FkhA Adjective? (Question)
8. The boys were my helpers. 1. Was your brother handsome?
yM+ds esjs lgk;d FksA
D;k rqEgkjk HkkbZ [kwclwjr Fkk\
2. Noun/Pronoun + was/were + Adjective.
(Affirmative Sentence) 2. Was Amit talented?

1. I was confused. D;k vfer izfrHkkoku Fkk\

eSa daÝ;wt FkkA 4. Were they selfish?
2. He was afraid. D;k os yksx LokFkhZ Fks\
og Mjk gqvk FkkA 5. Were you absent?
3. We were worried/concerned. D;k rqe vuqifLFkr Fks\
ge yksx fpafrr FksA 6. Was his sister shy?
4. You were troubled/perplexed. D;k mldh cgu 'kehZyh Fkh\
rqe ijs'kku FksA 7. Was the judge unbiased/impartial?
5. They were happy. D;k tt fu"i{k Fkk\
os yksx [kqq'k FksA 8. Was the decision appreciable?
6. All were disappointed.
D;k fu.kZ; iz'kaluh; Fkk\
lHkh fujk'k FksA 9. Were they reliable?
7. She was fair-complexioned. D;k os yksx Hkjkslsean Fks\
og xksjh FkhA 5. Wasn’t/Weren’t + Noun/Pronoun + Noun/
8. He was dark-complexioned. Adjective? (Question)
og dkyk FkkA Was/Were + Noun/Pronoun + not + Noun/
3. Noun/Pronoun + was/were + not + Noun/ Adjective?
Adjective. (Negative) 1. Wasn’t the gold spurious?
Noun/Pronoun + wasn’t/weren’t + Noun/
D;k lksuk udyh ugha Fkk\
Adjective.
2. Was the meal not tasty?
1. I wasn’t perplexed.
D;k [kkuk csLokn ugha Fkk\
eSa ijs'kku ugha FkkA
 3

3. Weren’t they tired? 2. Who was hers ?

D;k os yksx Fkds gq, ugha Fks\ dkSu mldk Fkk\
4. Wasn’t the way/method clumsy? 3. What was that ?
D;k rjhdk cs<axk ugha Fkk\ og D;k Fkk\
5. Weren’t the volunteers helpless? 4. What were they ?
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

D;k dk;ZdrkZ ykpkj ugha Fks\ os yksx D;k Fks\

6. Was your brother not nervous? 5. Which was mine ?

D;k rqEgkjk HkkbZ ?kcjk;k gqvk ugha Fkk\ esjk dkSu lk Fkk\
7. Were you not jealous? 6. Which were theirs ?

D;k rqe yksx bZ";kZyq ugha Fks\ mu yksxksa dk dkSu&dkSu lk Fkk\

8. Was the servant not faithful/loyal? 7. Which was his ?

D;k ukSdj oiQknkj ugha Fkk\ mldk dkSu lk Fkk\

6. Who/What/Which/Whose + was/were + 7. Whose was that ?
Noun/Adjective? (Question) og fdldk Fkk\
1. Who was that woman? 8. Whose were these?
og vkSjr dkSu Fkh\ ;s fduds Fks\
2. Who was responsible? 8. When/Where/How/Why + was/were +
dkSu ftEesnkj Fkk\ Noun? (Question)
3. What was your father? 1. When was the meeting?

vkids firkth D;k Fks\ lHkk dc Fkh\

4. What were the demands? 2. When was the inauguration?

ekaxs D;k D;k Fkh \ mn~?kkVu dc Fkk\

5. Which was expensive? 3. When were the temples here?
dkSu lk egaxk Fkk\ ;gka eafnj dc Fks\
6. Which were interesting? 4. When were such people?
dkSu&dkSu lk jkspd Fkk\ ,sls yksx dc Fks\
8. Which was your son? 5. Where was the wallet?

dkSu lk vkidk csVk Fkk\ okWysV dgka Fkk\

6. Where was the phone?
9. Whose was that mobile?
og eksckby fdldk Fkk\ iQksu dgka Fkk\
10.Whose was the proposal? 7. Where was the party?

izLrko fdldk Fkk\ ikVhZ dgka Fkh\

7. Who/What/Which/Whose + was/were + 8. Where was the wedding?
Pronoun ? (Question) 'kknh dgka Fkh\
1. Who was it ? 9. Where were the guests?
dkSu Fkk\ vfrfFk xu dgka Fks\
 1

Spoken Class - 12
Get Set and Go 6. Help me, please…I’m not a robber or
1. Is anybody in? criminal at large.
Then who’re you?
Who’s it?
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

7. Actually I’m from the nearby village. I’m no

2. Please open the door. Need help.
suspect.
But who’re you?
But you’re bleeding……How ‘n’ why?
Get Set and Go 8. Please don’t get into such questions…m
3. I’m Shankar….but you don’t know me. about to faint.Actually I’ve met with an
Sorry…I can’t open the door for a accident and need immediate care.
stranger. O my God….must have said it at first.
4. Please…or I’ll die…Actually I’m bleeding. Okay…okay…here open the door.

O my God. I call the police… 9. Thank you…water ….water please.

Sure…get some water.
5. No…please don’t do that for God’s sake.
10. God bless you….Please call my family at
But I don’t know you and how can I land
8722388245.
my family and me in trouble at this hour
Don’t worry…. First hurry to hospital
of the night?
nearby….. They’ll be with you shortly.

The Use of Was and Were

Basic Sentence Structures based on Was and Were

8.1. When/Where/How/Why + was/were + 9. When/Where/How/Why + was/were +

Noun? (Question) Pronoun? (Question)
1. How was the day? 1. How was she ?
fnu dSlk jgk\ og dSlh Fkh\
2. How was his health? 2. How was it ?
mldk LokLF; dSlk Fkk\ ;g dSlk Fkk\
3. How were your friends? 3. How were they ?
rqEgkjs nksLr dSls Fks\ os yksx dSls Fks\
4. How were the problems? 4. How were you ?
leL;k,a dSlh Fkh\ rqe yksx dSls Fks\
5. Why was the confusion? 5. Why was he there ?
dUÝ;wtu D;ksa Fkk\ og ogka D;ksa Fkk\
6. Why was the strike? 6. Why was she here?
gM+rky D;ksa Fkk\ og ;gka D;ksa Fkh\
7. Why was the fever? 7. Where was she?
cq[kkj D;ksa Fkk\ og dgka Fkh\
8. Why were those doubts? 8. Where were they?
os 'kd D;ksa Fks\ os yksx dgka Fks\
9. Why were the demands? 9. When were they here?
ekaxs D;ksa Fkh\ os yksx ;gka dc Fks\
 2
10. When/Where/How/Why + was/were + 5. Why was she confused ?
Noun/Pronoun + Noun/Pronoun/Adjective
og dUÝ;wTM D;ksa Fkh \
? (Question)
1. When was he happy ? 6. Why were the guests sad ?

og dc [kqq'k Fkk\ vfrfFk nq[kh D;ksa Fks\

2. When was it yours ? 7. Where was she afraid ?
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

;g dc vkidk Fkk\ og dgka Mjh gqbZ Fkh\

8. Where were those people captive ?
3. How were they confident ?
os yksx dgka canh Fks \
os yksx dSls fo'okl ls Hkjs gq, Fks\
9. How was the car yours?
4. How was the ring hers ?
dkj vkidh dSls Fkh\
vaxwBh dSls mldh Fkh\
 1

Spoken Class - 13
Get Set and Go 4. What language do you use while traveling?
1. How many places have you travelled to? ;k=kk ds nkSjku vki fdl Hkk"kk dk bLrseky djrs gSa\
fdrus txgksa ij tk pqds gks\ Of course…English, but sometimes I have
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

I’ve been to several places such as to use my body language since not all
Kashmir, Benglore, Goa, Puri and a few people are good at English. And so was the
more. case in Tokyo as I don’t know Japanese.

eSa dbZ txgksa ij tk pqdk gwa tSls d'ehj] csaxyq#] cs'kd--- bafXy'k] ijarq dHkh&dHkh eq>s b'kkjksa esa ckr
xksok] iwjh vkSj ,sls gh dqN vkSj txgksa ijA djuk iM+rk gS D;ksafd lcks dh bafXy'k vPNh ugha
gksrhA vkSj ,slk gh VksD;ks esa gqvk Fkk D;ksafd eq>s
2. Who do you usually go with?
tSiuht ugha vkrh gSA
vki izk;% fdlds lkFk tkrs gks\ 5. What do you usually do during your trip?
I often go with my family, sometimes with
fVªi ds nkSjku vki lkekU;r% D;k djrs gks\
my best friends.
If it’s not a business trip, I often go
eSa vDlj vius ifjokj ds lkFk tkrk gwa--- dHkh&dHkh
sightseeing, take pictures, mingle with the
eSa vius lcls vPNs nksLrksa ds lkFk Hkh tkrk gwaA local people and relish the local cuisines.
3. What’s your dream destination?
;fn gS fctusl fVªi uk gks rks eSa n'kZuh; LFky dh
vkids liuksa dk LFkku@ eafty dkSu lk gS\ LFkyksa dh lSj djrk gwa] rLohjsa ysrk gwa] LFkkuh; yksxksa
That would be Venice city in Italy. I love
ds lkFk feyrk&tqyrk gwa vkSj LFkkuh; Hkkstu dk
riding the gondola along the canals while
watching Italian people live their daily vkuan ysrk gwaA
lives. 8. Wow! That’s Great. When are you planning
;g bVyh dk osful 'kgj gksxkA bVyh ds yksxksa dks your next trip?

viuh jkstkuk ftanxh thrs nsrs gq, ugj ls gksdj okg ;g rks cgqr vPNh ckr gSA vki fiQj ?kweus dc
xksaMksyk ij lokj gksdj ;k=kk djuk eq>s vPNk yxrk tk jgs gSa\
gSA May be around the new year.
3. That’s really a very romantic place. Have gks ldrk gS u, lky ds vkliklA
you ever been abroad? 10. O…really. If you wish, I would love to
;g okLro esa cgqr gh jksekafVd txg gSA D;k vki accompany you.
dHkh fons'k x, gSa\ okLro esa !!! ;fn vki pkgks rks eSa Hkh vkids lkFk
Yes, I have. But only once….and it was a tkuk pkgwaxkA
business trip to Tokyo. Sure…In fact, you are my best friend.
gka] eSa x;k gwa---- ysfdu ek=k ,d ckj----- oSls og fcYdqy--- oSls Hkh vki esjs lcls vPNs nksLr gksA
VksD;ks ds fy, ,d fctusl fVªi FkkA

The Use of Was and Were

Basic Sentence Structures based on Was and Were

1. Noun/Pronoun + was/were + Preposition At – esa@ ij

+ Noun/Pronoun. (Affirmative Sentence
Before – ds igys / ds lkeus
Prepositions:
Against – ds fo:¼@ ds lgkjs
In – esa / ds vanj From – ls
Under – ds uhps
Over – ds mQij On – ij@ ds mQij
Behind – ds ihNs
With – ls@ ds lkFk For – ds fy,
Near – ikl
 2
1. Noun/Pronoun + was/were + Preposition We were not among the scoundrels. / We
+ Noun/Pronoun. (Affirmative Sentence) weren’t among the scoundrels.
I am was at home. 3. Was/Were + Noun/Pronoun + Preposition
Papa was in the office. + Noun/Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
Somebody was behind the wall. Was he at home?
The gun was on the table. Were they with you?
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

The phone was under the pillow. Was your father in the office?
Mrs Gupta was from Goa. Were the witnesses against you?
1.1. Noun/Pronoun + was/were + Preposition + Was that for me?
Noun/Pronoun. (Affirmative Sentence) Was the letter on the table?
That was for you. 3.1 Was/Were + Noun/Pronoun + Preposition
They were against us. + Noun/Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
My house was under the hill. Was anybody behind you?
A blackbee was over my head. Was the fan over your head?
We were on the stage. Were the beggars near the temple?
2. Noun/Pronoun + was/were + not + Were they from UP?
Preposition +Noun/Pronoun. Were you in trouble?
Or Was she on the wall?
Noun/Pronoun + wasn’t/weren’t + 4. Who/ What + was/were + Preposition +
Preposition+ Noun/Pronoun. (Negative Noun/Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
Sentence) Brother was not at school./ Papa
Who was with you?
wasn’t at school.
Who was against me?
The boys were not on the roof./ The boys
Who was behind the curtain?
weren’t on the roof.
Who was at the door?
The watch was not on the shelf. / The watch
Who were present for the interview?
wasn’t on the shelf.
Who were before the judge?
She was not from Sikkim. / She wasn’t
from Sikkim. 4.1 Who/ What + was/were + Preposition +
Noun/Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
The first show was not at 7 pm./ The first
show wasn’t at 7 pm. What was in your mind?

2.1 Noun/Pronoun + was/were + not + What was on the box?

Preposition+Noun/Pronoun. What was under the pillow?
Or What were before your eyes?
Noun/Pronoun + wasn’t/weren’t + What were against the wall?
Preposition+Noun/Pronoun. (Negative What were behind the almirah?
Sentence) 5. When/Where/How/Why + was/were +
She was not with me./ She wasn’t with me. Noun/Pronoun + Preposition + Noun/
This was not for you. / This wasn’t for you. Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
He was not behind the wall. / He wasn’t When was he at home?
behind the wall. How was your wife in London?
The files were not under the table. / The Where was the man in the evening?
files weren’t under the table. Why were you before my eyes?
You were not against me. / You weren’t Why were your friends against me?
against me.
How were the customers in trouble?
 1

Spoken Class - 14
Get Set and Go gka] ijarq mruk ughaA vki rks tkurs gSa fd dke dh O;Lrrk ds
chp ls iQqlZr dk iy fudkyuk cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
1. Excuse me, may I ask you something?
5. Yes…you’re right. In fact, I’m new to this
ekiQ dhft,xk] D;k eSa vkils dqN iwN ldrk gwa\
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

city.
Yes. What?
th gka] lgh dg jgs gSa A oSls eSa Hkh bl 'kgj ds fy, u;k gwaA
th gka- D;k \ Okay…How long have you been here?
2. Where are you from? vPNk----- vki dc ls ;gka gSa\
vki dgka ls gSa\ 6. I have been here for a month or so?
I’m from Lucknow. But why did you ask yxHkx 1 eghus ls eSa ;gka gwa\
me? Where are you putting up?
eSa y[kumQ ls gwaA ysfdu vkius ;g D;ksa iwNk\ vki dgka jg jgs gSa\
4. Actually I thought you are from this city 7. I’m putting up with a friend of mine and ‘m’
only. looking for some good accommodation.
njvly eq>s yxk fd vki blh 'kgj ls gSaA That’s why I’m talking to you.
Okay….I’m basically from there but have eSa vius nksLr ds lkFk jg jgk gwa vkSj jgus [kkus dk dksbZ vPNk
been living here for the last six O;oLFkk <wa< jgk gwaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd eSa vkils ckr dj jgk
years. gwaA
vPNk------ oSls eSa rks ewyr% ogha ls gwa] ijarq fiNys 6 lky ls Okay…no problem….I’ll help you find a
eSa ;gka jg jgk gwaA room or flat on rent for you.
4. Okay…it means you know a lot about this Bhd gS-- dksbZ ckr ugha---- HkkM+s ij dejk ;k ÝySV ikus esa eSa
city and the people here. vkidh enn d:axkA
vPNk----- bldk eryc ;g gS fd vki bl 'kgj vkSj ;gka ds 8. It would be really very nice of you. I do need
yksxksa ds ckjs esa cgqr dqN tkurs gSaA your help.

Yes, but not that much. You know it’s very vki cgqr vPNs gSaA eq>s okLro esa vkidh t:jr gSA
difficult to get any free time out of the Can you come to mine this Sunday?
busy schedule. D;k vki esjs ;gka bl jfookj dks vk ldrs gSa\
Basic Sentence Structures based on Was and Were

1. Noun/Pronoun + was/were + Preposition 1. Noun/Pronoun + was/were + Preposition +

+ Noun/Pronoun. (Affirmative Sentence Noun/Pronoun. (Affirmative Sentence)

I am was at home.
Prepositions:
Papa was in the office.
In – esa@ ds vanj From – ls
Somebody was behind the wall.
Over – ds mQij On – ij@ds mQij
The gun was on the table.
With – ls@ ds lkFk For – ds fy,
The phone was under the pillow.
At – esa@ ij Mrs Gupta was from Goa.
Before – ds igys /ds lkeus 1.1. Noun/Pronoun + was/were + Preposition +
Noun/Pronoun. (Affirmative Sentence)
Against – ds fo¼/ /ds lgkjs
That was for you.
Under – ds uhps Behind – ds ihNs
They were against us.
Near – ikl
My house was under the hill.
 2

A blackbee was over my head. Was your father in the office?

We were on the stage. Were the witnesses against you?
2. Noun/Pronoun + was/were + not + Was that for me?
Preposition +Noun/Pronoun. Was the letter on the table?
Or 3.1 Was/Were + Noun/Pronoun + Preposition
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

Noun/Pronoun + wasn’t/weren’t + + Noun/Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)

Preposition + Noun/Pronoun. (Negative Was anybody behind you?
Sentence) Was the fan over your head?
Brother was not at school. Were the beggars near the temple?
Papa wasn’t at school. Were they from UP?
The boys were not on the roof./ The boys Were you in trouble?
weren’t on the roof. Was she on the wall?
The watch was not on the shelf. / The watch 4. Who/ What + was/were + Preposition +
wasn’t on the shelf. Noun/Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
She was not from Sikkim. / She wasn’t from Who was with you?
Sikkim. Who was against me?
The first show was not at 7 pm./ The first Who was behind the curtain?
show wasn’t at 7 pm.
Who was at the door?
2.1 Noun/Pronoun + was/were + not +
Who were present for the interview?
Preposition+Noun/Pronoun.
Who were before the judge?
Or
4.1 Who/ What + was/were + Preposition +
Noun/Pronoun + wasn’t/weren’t + Noun/Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
Preposition +Noun/Pronoun.(Negative
What was in your mind?
Sentence)
What was on the box?
She was not with me./ She wasn’t with me.
What was under the pillow?
This was not for you. / This wasn’t for you.
What were before your eyes?
He was not behind the wall. / He wasn’t
What were against the wall?
behind the wall.
What were behind the almirah?
The files were not under the table. / The files
5. When/Where/How/Why + was/were +
weren’t under the table.
Noun/Pronoun + Preposition + Noun/
You were not against me. / You weren’t
Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence)
against me.
When was he at home?
We were not among the scoundrels. / We
How was your wife in London?
weren’t among the scoundrels.
Where was the man in the evening?
3. Was/Were + Noun/Pronoun + Preposition
+ Noun/Pronoun? (Interrogative Sentence) Why were you before my eyes?

Was he at home? Why were your friends against me?

Were they with you? How were the customers in trouble?

 1

Spoken Class - 15
Get Set and Go de vkWu lqfer--- eq>s rM+ikuk can djks vkSj crkvks
1. Hello…. Radhika. D;k gS\
8. My marriage!!!
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

gsyks ----jkf/dk
Hi…. Sumit? esjh 'kknh!!!
gk;---- lqfer What!!! You are getting married? Are you

2. What’s up? (Sumit asking) serious, Sumit?

D;k gks jgk gS\@ D;k py jgk gS\ D;k!!! rqe 'kknh dj jgs gks\ lqfer--- rqe lhfj;l gks
uk \ (etkd rks ugha dj jgs gks\)
Nothing much. Just thinking of leaving for
9. Yes…very much. But why have you reacted
home. Anyway… what’s up with you?
so?
T;knk dqN ughaA cl ?kj ds fy, ds fy, fudyus gka] fcYdqyA ysfdu rqe bl rjg D;ksa iwN jgh gks\
dk lksp jgh gwaA oSls rqEgkjk D;k py jgk gS\ Sorry…Sumit. But it’s you who had told me
3. O….yeah! Something new. once… Marriage…bullshit ….no way. On
gka--- dqN u;k gSA the top, you even made me count the

Wow! New….that’s very interesting. Well, problems and challenges of married life.

tell me what’s that? ekiQ djuk lqfer] ;g rqe gh gks ftlus eq>ls ,d ckj
okg----- u;k ! fiQj rks cgqr etsnkj ckr gSA rks crkvks dgk Fkk---- 'kknh---- cqyf'kV---- fdlh Hkh lwjr esa ugha
u;k D;k gS\
dj ldrkA vkSj rks vkSj rqeus eq>s 'kknh'kqnk ftanxh dh
4. First tell me… Where are you on 26th this
leL;kvksa vkSj pqukSfr;ksa dks Hkh fxu ok;k FkkA
month?
igys rqe ;g crkvks----- bl eghus dh 26 rkjh[k dks rqe 10. Yes, you’re right, but you know what you
dgka gks\ think today may even change in future. And

On 26th……here only….as no plan yet. now I have realized the importance of

better-half in life.
dks---- ;gh jgwaxh----- fiQygky rks ,slk dqN ugha gSA
gka] rqe lgh dg jgh gksA ysfdu rqe tkurh gks dh rqe
5. That’s good.
vPNh ckr gSA vkt tks lksp jgh gks dy cny Hkh ldrh gSA vkSj

Well….tell me….Anything special on this vc eSa bl ckr dks le> pqdk gwa fd thou esa v/
date? kZafxuh dk D;k egRo gSA

vPNk crkuk--- bl rkjh[k dks dqN fo'ks"k gS D;k\ Wow! Who showered this precious
knowledge upon you?
6. Yes. But you guess….
Had it happened then, we would have been
gka--- ysfdu rqe crkvks D;k gks ldrk gS\
together. I mean this better-half would be
Your birthday?
me.
rqEgkjk tUefnu\
okg--- bl vueksy Kku dh ckfj'k rqe ij fdlus dh\
7. No…any other guesses?
ugha--- dqN vkSj\ ;fn ,slk rc gqvk gksrk] rks vkt ge lkFk gksrsA esjs
Come on, Sumit…. Stop tantalizing me dgus dk eryc gS ;g v/kZafxuh dksbZ vkSj ugha gksrh
‘n’ tell me. eSa gksrk gSA
 2

Use of Is/Am/Are/Was/Were with ‘There’

1. There + is/are + Noun/Pronoun. Examples:
There + is/are + Noun/Pronoun + There is no problem. / There isn’t any
Preposition + Noun/Pronoun. problem.
[there is = there’s] There is not much for you.
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

There is a boy. There are not many students in the hall.

There’s something fishy. There isn’t anybody here.
There is a monkey on the roof. There aren’t ten members in the
There is a piece of important news for you. committee.
There are some issues. There is no money on me. / There isn’t any
There are eleven players in a cricket team. money on me.

There are some good programmes on There is no question unanswered. / There

television tonight. isn’t a question unanswered.

2. There + was/were + Noun/Pronoun. 4. There + was/were + not + Noun/Pronoun.

There + was/were + Noun/Pronoun + Or,

Preposition + Noun/Pronoun. There + wasn’t/weren’t + Noun/Pronoun.

There was a king. There + was/were + not + Noun/Pronoun

There was something important. + Preposition +Noun/Pronoun.

There was a letter in the drawer. Or,

There were some questions. There + wasn’t/weren’t + Noun/Pronoun

+ Preposition + Noun/Pronoun.
There were trees in the garden.
There + was/were + no + Noun/Pronoun.
There were several issues to discuss.
There + was/were + no + Noun/Pronoun +
3. There + is/are + not + Noun/Pronoun.
Preposition + Noun/Pronoun.
Or,
[there was not = there wasn’t
There + isn’t/aren’t + Noun/Pronoun.
there were not = there weren’t]
There + is/are + not + Noun/Pronoun +
Examples:
Preposition + Noun/Pronoun.
There was no confusion. / There wasn’t any
Or,
confusion.
There + isn’t/aren’t + Noun/Pronoun +
There was not much for us.
Preposition + Noun/Pronoun.
There were not many customers in the
There + is/are + no + Noun/Pronoun.
shop.
There + is/are + no + Noun/Pronoun +
There wasn’t any pen here.
Preposition + Noun/Pronoun.
There weren’t six persons there.
[there is not = there isn’t] [there are not =
There was no time for jokes. / There wasn’t
there aren’t]
any time for jokes.
 1

Spoken Class - 16
Get Set and Go Hey….come on. Then why don’t you marry
1. Syra, Look…..Who’s there? that handsome bearded hunk?

tks Hkh gks--- og T;knk [kwclwjr fn[k jgk gSA

by SANTOSH CHANDRA

lk;jk---- ns[kks ogka dkSu gS\

Where? 7. Syra….Seriously speaking, he still loves
you a lot. You must forget everything , go
dgka\
ahead and patch up with him.
2. There near the blue car….
gs de vkWu--- ,slk gS rks rqe ml [kwclwjr nk<+h okys
ogka uhys jax dh dkj ds iklA
gV~Vk dV~Vk balku 'kknh D;ksa ugha dj ysrhA
Blue car? But I can’t see any such car
around here.
lk;jk---- eSa etkd ugha dj jgh gwa eSa og vHkh Hkh

uhys jax dk dkj\ ysfdu eq>s ,slh dksbZ dkj vklikl rqels cgqr I;kj djrk gSA rqEgsa lc dqN Hkqyk dj fiQj
fn[kkbZ ugha ns jgh gSA ls mlds lkFk gks tkuk pkfg,A
3. Oh….come on, Syra! There at the far Helli….please, don’t talk about all this
end. rubbish. What’s done is done and I don’t
want to get into it again.
vksg--- de vkWu---- lk;jk! ns[kks---- ogka ij nwj ;gka lsA
Oh….yeahhh….That blue car….looks gsyh--- Iyht--- ;g lc iQkyrw ckrsa eq>ls er djksA tks
like a Bentley. I wish I had one. gks x;k lks gks x;k vc eSa nksckjk bu phtksa esa ugha
vjs gka---- og okyk uhys jax dh dkj----- og rks iQluk pkgrh gwaA
csaVys yx jgk gS A dk'k! esjs ikl Hkh ,d gksrkA 8. Okay…But, can you assure me…such a
thing will never happen in your life again?
4. Syra, are you serious? Come on…
After all he loves you so much…and you
lk;jk---- rqe lhfj;l rks gks\ de vkWu-----
know nobody is perfect on earth.
Ok…ok ... You mean… the man in black.
Bhd gS--- ysfdu D;k rqe eq>s bl ckr dk Hkjkslk ns
Bhd gS--- Bhd gS---- rqEgkjk eryc gS---- og
ldrh gks fd nksckjk ,slk dqN rqEgkjs thou esa ugha
vkneh tks dkys jax ds diM+s esa gSA
gksxk\ tks Hkh gks og rqels bruk I;kj djrk gS---- vkSj
4. Yes. Isn’t it Rohan you have broken up
with? rqEgsa irk gS dksbZ Hkh balku /jrh ij ijiQsDV ugha gksrkA
gka] ;g jksgu rks ugha ftlls rqEgkjk czsdvi gqvk gS\ So what? Should I go there and touch his
feet, saying forgive me, Dear….it was a
Rohan !!! May be….but the beard…he
used to have clean shave. mistake on my part….Rohan, I love you…I
can’t live without you? Never ever will I do
jksgu!!! gks ldrk gS--- ysfdu ;g nk<+h---- og rks
so.
nk<+h ugha j[krk FkkA
rks D;k\ eSa ogka tkmQa vkSj mlds iSj Nw ywa vkSj dgwa
6. Hey…you know… What the hell is the
pang of separation? W h a t e v e r fiz; eq>s ekiQ dj nks---- ;g esjh xyrh Fkh---- jksgu] eSa
be….he looks more handsome now.
rqels I;kj djrh gwa vkSj rqEgkjs fcuk ugha jg ldrh\ eSa
vjs--- rqEgsa rks irk gS--- vyx gksus dk nnZ D;k
gksrk gS\ dHkh Hkh ,slk ugha d:axhAse
 2

Use of Is/Am/Are/Was/Were with ‘There’

1. There + is/are + Noun/Pronoun. Examples:
There + is/are + Noun/Pronoun +
There is no problem. / There isn’t any
Preposition + Noun/Pronoun.
problem.
[there is = there’s]
There is not much for you.
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

There is a boy.
There are not many students in the hall.
There’s something fishy.
There isn’t anybody here.
There is a monkey on the roof.
There aren’t ten members in the
There is a piece of important news for you. committee.
There are some issues. There is no money on me. / There isn’t any
There are eleven players in a cricket team. money on me.
There are some good programmes on There is no question unanswered. / There
television tonight. isn’t a question unanswered.
2. There + was/were + Noun/Pronoun. 4. There + was/were + not + Noun/Pronoun.
There + was/were + Noun/Pronoun + Or,
Preposition + Noun/Pronoun. There + wasn’t/weren’t + Noun/Pronoun.
There was a king. There + was/were + not + Noun/Pronoun
There was something important. + Preposition +Noun/Pronoun.
There was a letter in the drawer. Or,
There were some questions. There + wasn’t/weren’t + Noun/Pronoun
There were trees in the garden. + Preposition + Noun/Pronoun.

There were several issues to discuss. There + was/were + no + Noun/Pronoun.

3. There + is/are + not + Noun/Pronoun. There + was/were + no + Noun/Pronoun +

Or, Preposition + Noun/Pronoun.

There + isn’t/aren’t + Noun/Pronoun. [there was not = there wasn’t there were

There + is/are + not + Noun/Pronoun + not = there weren’t]

Preposition + Noun/Pronoun. Examples:

Or, There was no confusion. / There wasn’t any

There + isn’t/aren’t + Noun/Pronoun + confusion.

Preposition + Noun/Pronoun. There was not much for us.

There + is/are + no + Noun/Pronoun. There were not many customers in the

There + is/are + no + Noun/Pronoun + shop.

Preposition + Noun/Pronoun. There wasn’t any pen here.

[there is not = there isn’t] [there are not = There weren’t six persons there.

there aren’t] There was no time for jokes. / There wasn’t

any time for jokes.
 1

Spoken Class - 17
Get Set and Go 7. Did you report the issue to the police?
1. Have you ever been in any traffic D;k vkius bl nq?kZVuk dh tkudkjh iqfyl dks nh\
accident?
No, we didn’t want to get the police
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

D;k vki dHkh VªSfiQd nq?kZVuk dk f'kdkj gq, gSa\ involved. We resolved it amicably. In fact,
Yes, three years ago. the car driver realized his mistake and
gka] 3 lky igysA apologized for it.
2. What happened? ugha] ge yksx bl esa iqfyl dks 'kkfey djuk ugha pkg
D;k gqvk Fkk\ jgs FksA ge yksxksa us vkil esa feytqy dj blls fuiVk
I was hit by a car while crossing the fy;k- oSls Hkh dkj pkyd dks viuh xyrh dk
road. ,glkl gks x;k Fkk vkSj mlus blds fy, {kek Hkh ekax
jksM ikj djus ds oDr ,d dkj us VDdj ekj fy;k FkkA
fn;k FkkA 8. Were you sent to the hospital after the
3. How did you feel then? accident?
rc vkidks dSlk eglwl gks jgk Fkk\ D;k nq?kZVuk ds ckn vkidks gkWfLiVy Hkstk x;k Fkk\
I felt really terrible because of my
No, the injury wasn’t really serious.
injuries.
ugha] pksV bruk xaHkhj ugha FkkA
esjh pksV dh otg ls okLro esa eSa cgqr rdyhiQ
9. Do you have a driving license?
esa FkkA
3. Who was involved in the accident? D;k vkids ikl Mªkbfoax ykblsal gS\
bl nq?kZVuk esa dkSu dkSu 'kkfey Fks\ Yes, I do. I always keep it in my purse.

The car driver, his family (inside the gka] gSA eSa bls ges'kk vius ilZ esa j[krk gwaA
car), and me. 10. That’s why people must obey the traffic
dkj pkyd] mldk ifjokj vkSj eSaA rules, mustn’t they?
5. Did the insurance company pay for the ;gh dkj.k gS u ftldh otg ls yksxksa dks VSªfiQd ds
repair service?
fu;eksa dk ikyu vo'; djuk pkfg, \
D;k ba';ksjsal daiuh us xkM+h dh ejEer ds fy,
Yes, of course. To protect themselves and
Hkqxrku fd;k Fkk\ others. The best ways are to wear a helmet,
I was walking so I did not require any wait for traffic lights if riding a bike and if
car repair services. driving or sitting in a car wear the seat-belt.
eSa rks pydj tk jgk Fkk blfy, eq>s fdlh xkM+h The latest example is the accident of Cyrus
dh ejEer dh t:jr ugha FkhA Mistry which claimed two lives on the
6. Did you need a lawyer? spot.

D;k vkidks fdlh odhy dh t:jr iM+h Fkh\ gka] cs'kdA [kqn dh lqj{kk ds fy, vkSj nwljksa ds fy,A
I hurt only my lower back just a little ;fn vki ckbd pyk jgs gSa rks lcls vPNk rjhdk ;g
and it not a serious kind of injury. gS fd gsyesV igus vkSj VªSfiQd ykbV dk bartkj djsa
So, I didn’t call a lawyer.
vkSj ;fn dkj pyk jgs gSa ;k dkj esa cSBs gq, gks rks
eq>s fliQZ ihB ds fupys fgLls esa FkksM+k lk pksV
lhV csYV cka/ ysA lkjl feL=kh dh nq?kZVuk ftlesa 2
vk;k Fkk vkSj ;g dksbZ xaHkhj fdLe dk pksV ugha
yksxksa dh tku ?kVukLFky ij gh pyh xbZ ;g lcls
Fkk] blfy, eq>s fdlh odhy dh t:jr ugha
gky dk mnkgj.k gSA
iM+hA
 2

Use of Is/Am/Are/Was/Were with ‘There’

1. There + is/are + Noun/Pronoun. [there is not = there isn’t] [there are not =

There + is/are + Noun/Pronoun + there aren’t]

Preposition + Noun/Pronoun. Examples:

[there is = there’s] (a)There is no problem. / There isn’t any

by SANTOSH CHANDRA

(a)There is a boy. problem.

(b)There is not much for you.
(b)There’s something fishy.
(c) There are not many students in the hall.
(c) There is a monkey on the roof.
(d)There isn’t anybody here.
(d)There is a piece of important news for
(e)There aren’t ten members in the
you.
committee.
(e) There are some issues.
(f) There is no money on me. / There isn’t
(f) There are eleven players in a cricket any money on me.
team. (g)There is no question unanswered. /
(g) There are some good programmes on There isn’t a question unanswered.
television tonight. 4. There + was/were + not + Noun/Pronoun.
2. There + was/were + Noun/Pronoun. Or,

There + was/were + Noun/Pronoun + There + wasn’t/weren’t + Noun/Pronoun.

Preposition + Noun/Pronoun. There + was/were + not + Noun/Pronoun

(c) There was a king. + Preposition +Noun/Pronoun.

Or,
(b) There was something important.
There + wasn’t/weren’t + Noun/Pronoun
(c) There was a letter in the drawer.
+ Preposition + Noun/Pronoun.
(d) There were some questions.
There + was/were + no + Noun/Pronoun.
(e) There were trees in the garden.
There + was/were + no + Noun/Pronoun +
(f) There were several issues to discuss. Preposition + Noun/Pronoun.
3. There + is/are + not + Noun/Pronoun. [there was not = there wasn’t
or, there were not = there weren’t]

There + isn’t/aren’t + Noun/Pronoun. Examples:

(a) There was no confusion. / There wasn’t
There + is/are + not + Noun/Pronoun +
any confusion.
Preposition + Noun/Pronoun.
(b) There was not much for us.
Or,
(c) There were not many customers in the
There + isn’t/aren’t + Noun/Pronoun +
shop.
Preposition + Noun/Pronoun.
(d) There wasn’t any pen here.
There + is/are + no + Noun/Pronoun.
(e) There weren’t six persons there.
There + is/are + no + Noun/Pronoun + (f) There was no time for jokes. / There
Preposition + Noun/Pronoun. wasn’t any time for jokes.
 1

The Use of Am, Is and Are

Basic Sentence Structures based on Am, Is and Are
1. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Adjective geyksx dSls xjhc gSa \
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

1.
……….. (Affirmative Sentence )
How are we poor?
1- geyksx /uh gSaA We are rich. 2. og D;ksa nq[kh gS\
2. vki cqf¼eku gSaA You are wise. Why is he sad?
Note:-

2. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Noun Question words = Who/Whom/Which/

………..(Affirmative Sentence ) What/Where/When/Whose/Why/How

1. ge yksx fo+|kFkhZ gSaA We are students. Who – dkSu@fdlus

2. vki yksx fdlku gSaA You are farmers. Whom – fdldks@fdls
Which – dkSu@dSu lk@fdlus
3. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Not/ isn’t/ What – D;k
aren’t/ + Noun /Adjective……. (Negative Where – dgk¡
Sentence)
When – dc
1. rqe pkykd ugha gksA You are not clever. Whose – fdldk@fdldh
2. geyksx Øwj ugha gSaA We are not cruel. Why – D;ksa
How – dSls
4. Is/am/are + Noun/Pronoun + Noun/
Adjective……….. (Interrogative Sentence)
1. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Adjective
1. D;k vki HkkX;'kkyh gSaA \ Are you lucky? ….....................................……..
2. D;k rqe Mjiksd gks \ Are you timid? vc bu okD;ksa dks è;ku ls ns[ksa&Am/ is/ are ds
ckn adjective dk iz;ksx
5. (a) is/am/are + Noun/Pronoun + Not / + 1. ge yksx /kuh gSaA We are rich.
Noun /Adjective…(Interrogative 2. vki cqf)eku gSaA You are wise.
Negative Sentence)
3. vki yksx LoLFk gSaA You are healthy.
(b) isn’t/ aren’t + Noun/Pronoun + Noun /
Adjective………(Interrogative 4. rqe@rqeyksx ohj gksA You are brave.
Negative Sentence) 5. og ¼ia-½ bZekunkj gSA He is honest.
1. D;k eSa va/k ugha gw¡ \ 6. og ¼L=h½ lqanj gSA She is tall.
Am I not blind?/ Aren’t I blind? 7. og ¼L=h½ lqqanj gSA She is beautiful.
2. D;k og eksVh ugha gS \ 8. dke nso nqcyk gSA Ram is thin.
Is she not fat? Isn’t she fat? 9. os yksx esgurh gSaA They are laborious.
6. (a) Question words+is/am/are +Noun/ 10. yM+ds uV[kV gSaA The boys are naughty.
Pronoun + Not / + Noun / 11. esjk nksLr mnkl gSA My friend is sad.
Adjective………..
12. rqe vkSj eSa izlUu gw¡A You and I are happy.
(b) Question words+ isn’t/ aren’t + Noun/
Pronoun + Noun /Adjective……….. 13. jktw vkSj dktw vPNs gSAa
(c) Question words + Is/am/are +Noun/ Raju and kaju are good.
Pronoun + Noun/Adjective……….. 14. xhrk detksj gSA Geeta is weak.
 2

15. rqe cgknqj gSaA You are brave. Øw j & cruel, Mjiks d & timid, vPNk& good,
16. vki lgh gSaA You are right. izlUu&happy.
17. rqe xyr gksA You are wrong.
18. eSa lgh gw¡A I am right. 2. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Noun ………..
19. eSa xjhc gw¡A I am poor. vc bu okD;ksa dks è;ku ls ns[ksa&am/ is/ are
ds ckn noun ds iz;ksx gksrk gSA
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

20. eSa pkykd gw¡A I am clever.

EXERCISE 1. eSa ,d fo|kFkhZ gw¡A I am a student.
Translate into English- 2. rqe ,d xk;d gksA You are a singer.
jke vehj gSA rqe xjhc gksA lhrk cqf¼eku gSA ge 3. vki ,d MkWDVj gSaA You are a doctor.
yksx LoLFk gSaA jko.k vPNk gSA rqe uV[kV gksA
4. og ,d vfHk;ark gSA He is an engineer.
liuk mnkl gSA lwth 'kehZyh gSA lqtk ikxy gSA rqe
5. og ,d xkf;dk gSA She is singer.
ohj gksA rqe lgh gksA vki xyr gSAa jk[kh pykd gSAa
jk[kh pykd gSA 'osrk cqf¼eku gSAa jke rst gSAa y{e.k 6. lhrk ,d ulZ gSA Sita is a nurse.

cqn~/w gSA eSa [kq'k gw¡A eS aLoLFk gw¡A eSa pkykd gw¡A rqe 7. ge yksx fo|kFkhZ gSaA We are students.
cqf)
+ eku gksA vkiyksx esgurh gSAa rqe yksx bZekunkj 8. vki yksx fdlku gSaA You are farmers.
gksA vki cgknqj gSAa geyksx vehj gSAa geyksx n;kyq 9. jke vkSj ';ke MkWDVj gSAa
gSaA jke rst gSA ';ke mnkl gSA og eksVk gSA og Ram and Shyam are doctors.
nqcyk gSA og eksVh gSA og nqcyh gSA yyu etcwr 10. os yksx f'k{kd gSaA You are teachers.
gSA og ¼futhZo½ dM+k gSA jke vkSj ';ke vehj gSaA
Exercise
cPps mnkl gSaA os yksx LoLF; gSaA os yksx Hkw[ks gSaA
Translate into English-
rqe ikxy gksA og ikxy gSA lhrk lqanj gSA jke
eSa usrk gwaA eSa ,d f'k{kd gwaA rqe ,d fo|kFkhZ gksA
n;kyq gSA yM+ds vPNs gSaA eksgu Mj iksd gSA esjk
yrk ,d xkf;dk gSA lwth ,d ulZ gSA lqtk ,d
HkkbZ pkykd gSA lhrk detksj gSA og nq"V gSA os Øwj
Mk¡DVj gSA os yksx fdlku gSaA vki ,d vfHk;ark
gSaA rqe vkSj lhrk vehj gksA os yksx etcwr vkSj
gSaA vklkjke ,d izseh gSA jghe ,d xq: gSA
esgurh gSaA jke vkSj enu cgknqj vkSj rst gSaA
jkeiky ,d lar gSA eSa ,d fdlku gw¡A eSa ,d
rqEgkjs firkth detksj gSaA jke jghe izl= gSA
fo|kFkhZ gw¡A vki ,d dfo gSaA vki ,d f'k{kd gSaA
vklkjke mnkl gSA jkeiky detksj gSA js[kk Mjiksd
rqe ,d ukSdj gksA rqe ,d Nk= gksA og ,d ulZ
gSA rqe [kq'k gksA lhrk LoLFk gSA og yksx pkykd gSAa
gSA og ,d dykdkj gSA og ,d xkf;dk gSA og
ge yksx cqf¼eku gSaA rqe yksx esgurh gksA jktw rst
,d vfHk;ark gSA os ,d f'k{kd gSaA jke ,d usrk
vkSj cgknqj gSA rqe yksx etcwr vkSj esgurh gksA rqe
gSA ';ke ,d Mkfd;k gSA lhrk ,d MkWDVj gSA
vkSj ySyk vehj gksA iwtk n;kyq gSA eksfguh Mjiksd gSA
geyksx f'k{kd gSAa rqeyksx Nk= gksA vkiyksx MkWDVj
vkids cPps mnkl gSaA os yksx Hkw[ks gSaA lwth eksVh gSA
gSaA os yksx fdlku gSaA jke vkSj xksih ukSdj gSaA rqe
lqtk nqcyk gSaA ge yksx lqanj gSaA rqe lqanjh gksA vki
,d fdlku gksA rqe yksx fdlku gksA vki ,d
ikxy gSaA os yksx xq: gSA rsjk HkkbZ nq"V gSA esjk HkkbZ
vQlj gSaA vkiyksx vQlj gSaA ,d ,d ys[kd
etcwr gSA eSa I;klk gwaA rwe Hkw[kh gksA rqe lq[kh gksA rqe
gSA jke vkSj ';ke ys[kd gSaA eSa dfo gw¡A geyksx
lqanj gksA eSa bZekunkj gwaA
dfo gSaA og urZdh gSA os urZfd;k¡ gSaA esjs firk
Vocabulary: [kq ' k& happy, LoLF;&healthy, usrk gSaA esjs nksLr yksx usrk gSaA rqe ,d fdlku
pkykd& clever, cq f )eku& wise, es g urh& gksA eSa ,d Vhpj gwaA eSa ,d dfo gwa A eSa ,d
laborious, bZ e kunkj&honest, cgknq j &brave,
fo|kFkhZ gwaA jke ,d ukSdj gw¡A ';ke ,d Mk¡DVj
vehj& rich, n;kyq & kind, rs t & intelligent, gSA rqe yksx Nk+= gksA ge yksx f'k{kd gSaA rqe dfo
mnkl&sad, eksVk&fat,nqcyk&thin, etcwr&strong, gksA esjk HkkbZ ,d usrk gSA fnYyh ,d jkt/kkuh gSaA
dM+ k & hard, Hkw [ kk& hungry, ikxy& mad, bafM;k ,d ns'k gSA liuk ,d urZdh gSA luh ,d
lqanj&beautiful, detksj&weak, nq"V&wicked, dykdkj gSA xksik ,d ukSdj gSA
 3

Vocabulary:fdlku&farmer, fo|kFkhZ&student, fdlku /kuh ugha gSaA enu vkSj x.ks'k QqrhZyk ysu
dfo& poet, f'k{kd&teacher, ukS d j&servant, ugha gSaA og ¼L=h½ izlUu ugha gSA eSa ukSdj ugha gw¡A
ulZ&nurse, dykdkj&artist, xkf;dk&singer, ge yksx usrk ugha gSaA rqe fdlku ugha gksA vki
vfHk;ark&engineer, usrk&leader, Mkfd;k&post- pksj ugha gSaA vkiyksx f'k{kd ugha gSaA og ulZ ugha
man, MkWDVj& doctor, vQlj& officer, gSA og Nk= ugha gSA yrk MkWDVj ugha gSA os yksx
ys[kd&writer, urZdh&dancer. vfHk;ark ugha gSA fot; vkSj eksgu xk;d ugha gSA
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

esjs firkth MkWDVj ugha gaSA esjs f'k{kd x.k usrk

3. Noun/Pronoun + is/am/are + Not/ isn’t/
aren’t/ + Noun /Adjective………. ...... ugha gSaA ge yksx Hkw[ksa ugha gSaA rqe cgjh ugha gksA
vc bu okD;ksa dks /;ku ls ns[ksa&is/am/are fnYyh ds yksx /kuh ugha gSA eSa QqrhZyk ugha gw¡A
+ Not/ isn’t/ aren’t rqEgkjh nhnh [kq'k ugha gaSA rqe ukSdj ugha gksA vki
yksx usrk ugha gSaA eSa fdlku ugha gw¡A eSa pksj ugha
1. eSa cqjk ugha gw¡A I am not bad.
gw¡A eSa f'k{kd ugha gw¡A og Mk¡DVj ugha gSAa eSa Nk=
2. rqe pkykd ugha gksA You are not clever.
ugha gw¡A yrk xkf;dk ugha gSA eSa vfHk;ark ugha gw¡A
3. ge yksx Øwj ugha gSA We are not cruel.
vkids firkth Mk¡DVj ugha gSA ge yksx pksj ugha gSAa
4. jke /kuh ugha gSA Ram is not rich.
Vocabulary: nq[kh& sad, Mjiks d & timid,
5. os yksx bZekunkj ugha gSAa They are not honest. Hkw[kk&hungry, rS;kj&ready, voLF;&unhealthy,
6. jke vkSj jfo rS;kj ugha gSAa unwell, eks V k& fat, es g urh& laborious,
Ram and Ravi are not ready. ikxy&mad, vklyh&idle, lazy, dq:& ugly,
7. yM+ds detksj ugha gSaA vf'kf{kr& uneducated, cPps & children,
The boys are not weak. cgjk& deaf, Hkkjrh;& Indian, /kuh& rich,
8. og pksj ugha gSA He is not a thief. Qq r hZ y k& active, iz l Uu& happy, pks j & thief,
9. rqe Nk= ugha gksA You are not a student. usrk&leader, vfHk;ark&engineer, xk;d&singer.
10. ge yksx usrk ugha gSaA We are not leaders. Interrogative Sentence iz'uokpd okD;
11. vkiyksx ea=h ugha gSaA You are not ministers. dqN iz'u okpd okD; ^D;k* ls 'kq: gksrs gSAa tSl&
s D;k
12. os yksx f'k{kd ugha gSaA They are not teachers. rqe pkykd gS\ D;k vki MkWDVj gSa \
Exercise ,sls okD; tks ^D;k* ls 'kq: gksa] mudk vuqokn
Translate into English- Subject ds vuqlkj Am/ Is/ Are ls 'kq: djsaA
rqe cqjs ugha gksA uhyw vPNs ugha gSaA ge yksx nq"V tSl&s
ugha gSA ge yksx nq"V ugha gSA vklkjke lar ugha 4. Is/am/are + Noun/Pronoun + Noun/
gSaA jke jghe xq: ugha gSA geyksx bZekunkj ugha Adjective………..
gSaA gekjk ns'k detksj ugha gSA rqe pksj ugha gksA
8. D;k vkiyksx fdlku gS\a Are you farmers?
rqe f'k{kd ugha gksA eSa usrk ugha gw¡A rqe ea=h ugha
gksA eSa nq[kh ugha gw¡A rqe Mjiksd ugha gksA os yksx 9. D;k vki HkkX;'kkyh gS\a Are you lucky?
Hkw[ks ugha gSaA vkiyksx rS;kj ugha gSaA eSa vQlj ugha 10. D;k rqe Mj iksd gks\ Are you timid?
gw¡A eSa eksVk ugha gw¡A ge yksx esgurh ugha gSaA rqe 11. D;k og eksVh gS\ Is she fat?
ikxy ugha gksA lhrk eksVh ugha gSA vki vkylh 12. D;k og pksj gS\ Is he a thief?
ugha gksA djhuk dq:Ik ugha gSA os yksx /kUkoku ugha 13. D;k os yksx usrk gS\ Are they leaders?
gSAa eSa nq[kh ugha gw¡A eSa Mjiksd ugha gw¡A geyksx Hkw[ks 14. D;k vkids pkpk MkWDVj gSa\
ugha gSaA geyksx rS;kj ugha gSaA rqe vLoLF; ugha Is your uncle a doctor?
gksA vki eksVs ugha gSaA vkiyksx esgurh ugha gSaA og Exercise
ikxy ugha gSA og eksVh ughaA jke vkylh ugha gSaA Translate into English-
xhrk dq:i ugha gSaA os yksx vf'kf{kr ugha gSaA cPps D; rqe pkykd gksA D;k vki HkkX;'kkyh gksA D;k
Hkw[ks ugha gSaA esjk HkkbZ cgjk ugha gSA Hkkjrh; rqe f'k{kd gksA D;k vkids firkth MkWDVj gSaA D;k
 4

rqe va/kh gksA D;k esjk ns'k egku gSA D;k rqe esjh 1. Hkkjrh; fdlku csbZeku D;ksa ugha gksrs gSa\
iRuh gksA D;k vki ,d urZdh gSA D;k rqEgkjk fe=
Why are Indian farmers not dishonest?
xk;d gSA D;k rqe ukSdj gksA D;k vkidk HkkbZ rst
2. ek¡ D;ksa Ñikyq gksrh gS\
gSa\ D;k eSa HkkX;'kkyh gw¡\ D;k eSa ukSdj gw¡\ D;k eSa
Why is a mother kind?
Nk= gw¡\ D;k geyksx f'k{kd gSa\ D;k vkiyksx
MkWDVj gSa\ D;k og xkf;dk gS\ D;k og urZdh gS\ 3. phuh D;ksa lQsn yxrh gS\
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

D;k os yksx pksj gSa\ D;k os yksx Mkdw gSa\ D;k eSa Why is sugar white?
ikxy gw¡\ D;k eSa va/kk gw¡\ D;k rqe rS;kj gks\ D;k 4. nw/k dSls ykHknk;d gksrk gS\
geyksx xyr gSa\ D;k og fouez gS\ D;k os yksx How is milk useful?
Fkds gS\ D;k lhrk funksZ"k gS\ D;k rqe rst gks\ D;k Exercise
ge yksx yxr gSa\ D;k ge yksx fouez gSa\ D;k rqe Translate into English-
uV[kV gks\ D;k oks I;klh gS\ D;k vki yksx Hkw[ks dkj D;ksa egaxh gksrh gS\ firk dSls n;kyq gksrs gSa\
gks\ D;k ge yksx rS;kj gSa\ D;k vki vklkjke gSa\
vkneh D;ksa ej.k”khy gksrk gS\ phuh D;ksa ehBk gksrk
D;k rqe guhizhr gks\
gS\ firk D;ksa n;kyq gksrs gSa\ cukoVh Qwy dSls
Vocabulary: rst&intelligent, ukSdj&servant, lqanj ughaa gksrs gSa\ cPps D;ksa uV[kV gksrs gSa\ lk¡i
ikxy& mad, va / kk& blind, rS;kj& ready, D;ksa Mjkouk gksrk gSa \ vke D;ksa ykHknk;d gksrk
xyr& wrong, fouez & hunble, Fkdk& tired, gS\ nw/k D;ksa ehBh yxrh gS\ fgju dSls Mjkouk
funks"Z k&innocent,nq"V&wicked, HkkX;'kkyh&lucky, gksrk gS\ ck?k D;ksa etcwr gksrk gS\ Hkkjrh; Nk+=
dSls esgurh ugha gksrs gSa\ xk;sa D;ksa lk/kh gksrh gSa\
cs b Zeku& dishonest, uV[kV& naughty,
“kgn dSls ykHknk;d gksrk gSa\ ngh D;kas [kV~Vk
'kehZ y k& shy, egku& great, Øw j & cruel,
gksrk gS\
ukSdj& servant, Mkfd;k& postman, Vocabulary: l¡ki& snake, oiQknkj& faithful,
fdjkuh&clerk, xkf;dk&singer, urZdh&danger, cs b Z e ku& dishonest, vej.k'khy& immortal,
pksj&thief, Mkdw&robber. ykHknk;d& useful, ej.k'khy& mortal, Mjkouk&
5. Interrogative Sentence fearful, cukoVh iQwy& artificial flower, lh/h&
gentle.
(a)Question words + is/am/are + noun/
Pronoun + Not / + Noun /
Adjective……….. ADJECTIVE + DECISION
(b)Question words+ isn’t/ aren’t + Noun/
Pronoun + Noun /Adjective………..
(c) Question words + is/am/are +Noun/
Pronoun + Noun/Adjective………..
 1

Spoken Class - 18
Get Set and Go 6. Who did you love most when you were a
child?
1. Did you have a happy childhood?
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

cpiu esa vki lcls T;knk I;kj fdlls djrs Fks\

D;k vkidk cpiu [kq'kgky jgk Fkk\
I loved my Mom most since she was always
Yes, I did. I enjoyed playing hide and
there and took care of me.
seek with my peers.
eSa viuh eka dks lcls T;knk I;kj djrk Fkk D;ksafd og
gka [kq'kgky FkkA eSa vius nksLrksa ds lkFk yqdkfNih
ges'kk esjs lkFk gksrh Fkh vkSj esjk è;ku j[krh FkhA
[ksyus dk vkuan fy;k djrk FkkA
7. Who was your childhood hero? And why?
2. Did you experience your childhood in
vkids cpiu dk ghjks dkSu Fkk\ vkSj D;ksa Fkk\
a city or countryside?
vkius vius cpiu dks 'kgj esa ft;k gS ;k fdlh Robin Hood, he took money from the rich

xkao esa \ and gave it to the poor.

I spent my childhood in a rural area jkWfcu gqM] og vehjksa ls iSlk ysrk Fkk vkSj xjhcksa dks
nsrk FkkA
where I could see vast paddy fields.
eSaus vius cpiu dks xkao esa ft;k gS tgka eSa /ku 8. What reminds you of your childhood?
ds fo'kky [ksrksa dks ns[k ik;kA D;k pht vkidks vkids cpiu dk ;kn fnykrk gS\
3. Did you usually skip class when you Green paddy fields which I happen to see
were a child? everywhere remind me of my beautiful
tc vki cPps Fks rks D;k vki izk;% Dykl dks
childhood.
NksM+k djrs Fks\
Yes, I did, and many of my friends did,
gjk Hkjk /ku dk [ksr tks eq>s gj txg nsus dks fey
tkrk gS ;g eq>s esjs [kwclwjr cpiu dk ;kn fnykrk
too. gSA
gka] eSa fd;k djrk Fkk vkSj esjs dbZ nksLr Hkh ,slk
9. Did you change a lot when you grew up?
fd;k djrs FksA
tc vki cM+s gq, rks D;k vki esa <sj lkjs cnyko
4. Who were you with when you were a vk,\
child?
Yes, of course. I’m more mature now both
tc vki cPps Fks rks vki fdlds lkFk jgk djrs
Fks\ physically and mentally.

I was with my beloved family. gka cs'kdA vc eSa 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld rkSj ij T;knk
ifjiDo gwaA
eSa vius I;kjs ifjokj ds lkFk jgk djrk FkkA
10. Why is childhood important?
5. What did you want to be when you
cpiu egRoiw.kZ D;ksa gS\
were a child?
Because it shapes people into what they
cpiu esa vki D;k cuuk pkgrs Fks\
will become.
I dreamed of being a fashion designer.
D;ksafd ;g yksxksa dks ml :i esa <ky nsrk gS tks os
iQS'ku fMtkbuj cuus dk liuk eSaus ns[kk FkkA yksx cusaxsA
 1

Spoken Class - 19
Get Set and Go 7. Ask them I’ve have said so.
muls dguk eSaus dgk gSA
1. Come on, guys….What are you doing?
Okay….but I don’t think they will agree…they
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

de vkWu] xk;t!----D;k dj jgs gks \

always have excuses…
Sir, waiting for you.
Bhd gS----- ysfdu eq>s yx ugha jgk fd os yksx rS;kj
lj] ge yksx vkidk bartkj dj jgs gSaA
gwa---- ges'kk muds ikl cgkus gksrs gSaA
2. Why waiting? Start playing.
8. Don’t waste time. Go ahead, Mozo.
bartkj D;ksa dj jgs gks\ [ksyuk 'kq: djksA
le; cckZn er djksA ekstks] tkvksA
Ok Sir. Here we go….
Guys….come on …be on the field for warm-up
Bhd gS] ljA 'kq: dj jgk gwaA drill.
But, Sir, when will you be here? xk;t] de vkWu----- okeZ vi fMªy ds fy, eSnku esa
ysfdu] lj] vki dc rd ;gka vk,axs\ vk tkvksA
I’ll directly/shortly be there. Vocabulary for Everyday Speech
eSa FkksM+h nsj esa igqap jgk gwa A Basic Words
3. Where is Mozo? 1. Actually
ekstks dgka gS\ 2. Adapt
I don’t see him around here….may in the
3. Addition
loo.
4. Additional
vklikl dgha fn[kkbZ ugha ns jgk gS----- gks ldrk
gS VkW;ysV esa gksA 5. Address
4. When he comes, ask him to talk to me. 6. Adequate
tc og vkrk gS rks mls ckr djus dks dgukA 7. Adequately
Sure ….Sir. 8. Adjust
gka th] ljA 9. Admire
5. Hello Sir, Mozo here.
10. Admit
gsyks lj ] ekstks cksy jgk gwaA
Basic Words
Mozo, where have you been?
ekstks] dgka Fks\ 1. Adopt- viukuk
Sir…to make water. 2. Administer- iz'kklu djuk@nsuk
lj] is'kkc djus x;k FkkA
3. Advance- vkxs c<+uk@fodflr gksuk
6. Ok… divide them into two teams. And
engage them in some drill activities 4. Advanced- fodflr@ vfxze
anyway…I’ll be there shortly. Then the
play will start. 5. Advantage- ykHk@ iQk;nk
Bhd gS---- bu yksxksa dks nks Vhe esa ckaV nksA vkSj 6. Adventure- lkgfld dk;Z
fdlh Hkh rjg ls mu yksxksa dks dqN fMªy ,fDVfoVht
7. Adjourn- LFkfxr djuk
esa yxk nksA eSa FkksM+h gh nsj esa igqap jgk gwaA rc
[ksy 'kq: gksxkA 8. Adjacent- lVk gqvk
Ok. Sir. But Sonu and Puran don’t like drills. 9. Advice- lykg
Bhd gS lj---- ysfdu lksuw vkSj iwju dks fMªy
10.Advise - lykg nsuk
ilan ugha gSA
 1

Spoken Class - 20
Get Set and Go oSls Hkh rqe esjs lcls vPNs nksLrksa esa ls ,d gks]
blfy, eSa rqels dqN Hkh ugha Nqik ldrkA ckr ;g gS
1. Hey…Manjula.
fd ge nksuksa ,d nwljs ls I;kj djrs gSaA
by SANTOSH CHANDRA

gs----- eatqykA
7. Wow! How glad I am to know it ! I can’t express
Hey…Rohit.
in words.
gs----- jksfgrA So..finally, you’ve chosen somebody for you.
2. Hi….How’re you doing?.
okg!--- eq>s ;g tkudj fdruh [kq'kh gqbZ eSa ;g 'kCnksa
gk;] rqe dSls gks\
esa O;Dr ugha dj ldrkA rks varr% rqeus fdlh dks
Hi…Very well….Thanks. And how about
you? vius fy, pqu fy;k gSA
gk;] cgqr vPNk] /U;okn----- rqe crkvks dSls gks\ Yes, Rohit…but how things happened….I didn’t
Me as usual…..Look…Fantastic. know at all.
eSa rks cl ges'kk dh rjg---- ns[kks---- cgqr vPNk gka] jksfgr----- ysfdu ;g lc dqN dSls gqvk----- eq>s
gwaA fcYdqy irk ugha pykA
Wow! That’s great. 8. As I don’t want to keep Nando waiting ….so
okg! cgqr vPNh ckr gSA please go. But when are you introducing me to
3. Anyway here you are? him?
oSls rqe ;gka\ eSa uSuMks dks bartkj djkuk ugha pkgrk---- blfy, rqe
Yea…I have come here to meet somebody. tkvksA ysfdu rqe eq>s muls dc feyok jgh gks\
gka] eSa ;gka fdlh ls feyus vk;k gwaA Very soon….in fact this Sunday, if you are free.
4. Okay….If you don’t mind, may I know who cgqr tYn---- oSls blh jfookj dks fey ysrs gSa] ;fn rqe
is it?
Úh gks rksA
vPNk] ;fn cqjk uk yxs rks eSa tku ldrk gwa ;g
8. Yes..Yes…I’m all free. Tell me where to come.
dkSu gS\
Oh….sure. It’s Nando….a colleague of gka] gka--- eSa rks iwjh rjg Úh gwaA crkvks dgka vkuk gS\
mine. I’ll let you know after discussing with him.
fcYdqy--- ;g uSuMks gS---- esjs lkFk dke djrs gSaA eSa muls ckr djds crkrk gwaA
5. Well, he’s come or is about to? 9. Alright…But it must be something of gala
oSls og vk pqdk gS ;k vkus okyk gS\ sort…
I think….O here is his call… just a minute. Bhd gS----ysfdu dqN xkyk ikVhZ ds tSlk t:j gksuk
eq>s yx jgk gS---- yks mlh dk dkWy gS---- cl 1 pkfg,---
feuVA Oh..come on…The real gala sort you would have
Sure… on my wedding only…But anyway it’ll be a great
fcYdqy fun being together for sure.
Sorry, Rohit. Actually he has arrived and I vksg-- de vkWu--- okLro esa xkyk ikVhZ tSlk dqN rks
must go.
esjh 'kknh ij gh gksxkA ysfdu oSls tc ge yksx lkFk
ekiQ djuk] jksfgr---- og vk pqdk gS blfy, eq>s
tkuk gksxkA gksaxs rks fuf'pr rkSj ij cM+k etk vk,xkA
6. Well, anything special or important with Vocabulary for Everyday Speech
him? Actually I’m asking it just like that. Basic Words with Sentences
rks muds lkFk dqN [kkl ;k egRoiw.kZ gS D;k\ 1. Actually - Actually I did it on my own.
njvly eSa rks cl ;wa gh iwN jgk gwaA 2. Again- Do it again.
Well…you are one of my best friends, so I 3. Ahead- Please go ahead.
can’t hide anything from you. And the thing 4. Almost- I am almost finished.
is that we are head over heels.
5. Already- I have already done it.