Ethics and business

Fairness: Businesses should treat all of their stakeholders fairly,

including employees, customers, suppliers, and the community.
This means paying employees a fair wage, providing safe working
conditions, and selling products and services that are safe and
reliable.

Honesty: Businesses should be honest and transparent in their

dealings with others. This means avoiding false advertising,
misleading customers, and engaging in unfair business practices.

Responsibility: Businesses should be responsible for their actions and

the impact that they have on society. This means protecting the
environment, respecting human rights, and contributing to the
communities in which they operate. your presentation begins
 Ethics and business
Ethical:
Paying employees a fair wage and providing safe working
conditions.
Selling products and services that are safe and reliable.

Being honest and transparent in dealings with customers and

suppliers.

Protecting the environment and respecting human rights.

Contributing to the communities in which the business operates.

 Ethics and business
Unethical:
Engaging in false advertising or misleading customers.

Using unfair business practices, such as price fixing or predatory

pricing.

Polluting the environment or exploiting workers.

Bribing government officials or engaging in other corrupt

practices.

Avoiding taxes or other legal obligations.

 Conventional Morality and ethical relativism
Conventional morality is the set of moral beliefs and values that
are widely accepted in a society. It is based on the norms and
traditions of that society. Ethical relativism is the view that
there is no such thing as universal morality, and that what is
right or wrong depends on the moral standards of the
individual or society in question.

Conventional morality and ethical relativism are two different

ways of thinking about morality. Conventional morality holds
that there is a right and wrong way to behave, and that
everyone should follow the same moral standards. Ethical
relativism, on the other hand, holds that there is no right or
wrong way to behave, and that each individual or society is
free to determine their own moral standards.
 Conventional Morality and ethical relativism
There are a number of arguments for and against conventional
morality and ethical relativism.

Arguments in favor of conventional morality include:

It provides a framework for social order and cooperation.

It can help to prevent harm and promote justice.
It can give us guidance on how to live good and meaningful lives.

Arguments against conventional morality include:

It can be oppressive and stifle individual freedom.

It can be used to justify injustice and discrimination.
It may not be compatible with moral progress.
 Conventional Morality and ethical relativism
Arguments in favor of ethical relativism include:

It respects the diversity of human cultures and values.

It allows individuals and societies to make their own moral choices.
It can promote tolerance and understanding.

Arguments against ethical relativism include:

It can lead to moral relativism, the view that anything is permissible as long as
it is accepted by the individual or society in question.
It can make it difficult to resolve moral disputes and to hold people
accountable for their actions.
It may not be compatible with the pursuit of universal values such as human
rights and justice.
 Moral duty, rights, and justice
Moral duty is the obligation to do what is right. It is based on our moral
principles and values. For example, we have a moral duty to help those in
need, to be honest, and to respect the rights of others.

Rights are the entitlements that we have as human beings. They are often
enshrined in law, but they also exist independently of law. For example, we
have the right to life, to liberty, and to the security of person.

Justice is the fair and impartial treatment of all people. It is based on the
principle of equality. For example, we have a right to justice when we are
accused of a crime, and we have a right to a fair trial.
 Virtue ethics and moral reasoning
Virtue ethics is a normative ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of
developing and practicing virtues. Virtues are moral character traits, such
as courage, honesty, justice, and compassion. Virtue ethicists believe that
the best way to live a good life is to become a virtuous person.

Moral reasoning is the process of thinking about and deciding what is right
and wrong. It is a complex process that involves considering a variety of
factors, including our moral values, the consequences of our actions, and
the rights of others.

Virtue ethics and moral reasoning are closely related. Virtue ethics provides us
with a framework for moral reasoning by identifying the virtues that we
should strive to develop and practice. Moral reasoning helps us to apply
the virtues to specific situations and to make decisions about what is right
and wrong.
 Moral responsibility individual and corporate
Moral responsibility is the obligation to act in a way that is right and just. It is based
on the principle that we are all accountable for our actions.

Individual moral responsibility is the responsibility that each person has to act in
accordance with their moral principles and values. This responsibility arises from
the fact that we are all autonomous beings capable of making our own choices.

Corporate moral responsibility is the responsibility that corporations have to act in

accordance with moral principles and values. This responsibility arises from the
fact that corporations are social entities that have a significant impact on
society.
 Moral responsibility individual and corporate
Individual:
Being honest and truthful in your dealings with others.
Respecting the rights of others.
Helping those in need.
Taking responsibility for your actions.
Being accountable for your mistakes.
Corporate:
Providing safe working conditions for employees.
Paying employees a fair wage.
Selling products and services that are safe and reliable.
Protecting the environment.
Respecting human rights.
Contributing to the communities in which they operate.
 What is corporate and corporation
Corporate is an adjective that describes something related to a corporation. A
corporation is a legal entity that is separate and distinct from its owners. It
is created by a group of individuals who come together to pursue a
common goal, such as profit or a social cause.

Corporations have many of the same rights and responsibilities as individuals,

such as the right to enter into contracts, sue and be sued, and own
property. Corporations are also taxed as separate entities, meaning that
the owners of a corporation are not personally liable for the corporation's
debts.

Corporations are the most common form of business organization in the

world. They are able to raise large amounts of capital and can operate on a
global scale. Corporations also play an important role in the economy,
creating jobs and generating wealth.
 What is corporate and corporation
Here are some examples of corporations:
Apple
Amazon
Microsoft
Walmart
ExxonMobil
General Motors
Johnson & Johnson
JPMorgan Chase
Google
Berkshire Hathaway
Alphabet
 What is corporate and corporation
Here are some examples of corporations in Bangladesh:
Beximco Group
PRAN-RFL Group
Meghna Group of Industries
City Group
Akij Group
ACI Limited
Navana Group
Partex Group
Bashundhara Group
Abul Khair Group
Square Group
Grameenphone
Robi Axiata
 The International Business System, Globalization and Multinational Corporations

The international business system is the network of relationships between

businesses, governments, and other organizations that operate across national
borders. Globalization is the process of increasing interconnectedness and
interdependence between different countries and economies. Multinational
corporations (MNCs) are businesses that operate in multiple countries.

Benefits of the international business system, globalization, and MNCs:

Increased economic growth and prosperity
Lower prices and better quality goods and services
Creation of jobs
Transfer of technology and knowledge between countries
Increased cultural understanding and cooperation
Challenges of the international business system, globalization, and MNCs:
Increased inequality between countries and within countries
Exploitation of workers and the environment
Loss of cultural identity
Vulnerability to economic shocks
 Corporations, Morality, and corporate social responsibility
Corporations are legal entities that are separate from their owners. They have rights and
responsibilities, and they can be held accountable for their actions.

There is a growing debate about the moral responsibilities of corporations. Some people believe
that corporations have a moral obligation to act in the best interests of society, even if it
means sacrificing some profits. Others believe that corporations should focus on maximizing
profits for their shareholders, and that social responsibility is not their responsibility.

Here are some examples of corporations that are engaging in CSR:

Patagonia: Patagonia is a clothing company that is committed to environmental sustainability. The
company donates 1% of its sales to environmental causes, and it uses recycled materials in its
products.
Unilever: Unilever is a consumer goods company that has set ambitious sustainability goals. The
company aims to reduce its environmental impact by half by 2030, and it is working to source all of
its ingredients sustainably.
Ben & Jerry's: Ben & Jerry's is an ice cream company that is known for its social activism. The company
supports a variety of social causes, including fair trade and climate change action.
 Engineering Ethics
Engineering ethics is the field of system of moral principles that apply to the practice of engineering. The field
examines and sets the obligations by engineers to society, to their clients, and to the profession. As a scholarly
discipline, it is closely related to subjects such as the philosophy of science, the philosophy of engineering,
and the ethics of technology.

Engineers have a number of ethical obligations, including:

Protecting the public safety, health, and welfare. This is the most important ethical obligation for
engineers. Engineers must design and build products and systems that are safe and reliable. They must also
consider the potential environmental impact of their work.
Performing services only in areas of their competence. Engineers should only work on projects that they are
qualified to do. They should not take on projects that they do not have the skills or experience to complete
successfully.
Issuing public statements only in an objective and truthful manner. Engineers should be honest and objective in
their public communications. They should not make false or misleading claims about their products or
services.
Acting for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees. Engineers should act in the best interests of their
employers and clients. They should avoid conflicts of interest and should not disclose confidential
information.
Avoiding deceptive acts. Engineers should be honest and ethical in their dealings with others. They should not
engage in fraud, deceit, or other unethical behavior.
 Engineering Ethics
Here are some examples of engineering ethics dilemmas:

An engineer is asked to design a bridge that is cheaper to build but less safe.

An engineer is asked to approve a chemical plant that emits harmful pollutants.

An engineer is asked to make a false claim about the performance of a product in a public statement.

An engineer is offered a bribe to approve a project that does not meet safety standards.

An engineer is asked to work on a project that they know will harm the environment.
 Safety, responsibility and rights of engineers
Engineers have a primary responsibility to protect the safety of the public, their clients, and their colleagues. This
means designing and building products and systems that are safe and reliable, and taking all necessary
precautions to prevent accidents and injuries.

Engineers have a responsibility to their profession, their clients, and the public to conduct themselves in a
responsible and ethical manner. This includes:

Maintaining their professional competence and staying up-to-date on the latest engineering knowledge and
practices.

Being honest and truthful in their dealings with others.

Avoiding conflicts of interest and acting in the best interests of their clients.

Disclosing all relevant information to their clients and the public.

Taking responsibility for their actions and decisions.

 Safety, responsibility and rights of engineers
Engineers have a number of rights, including:

The right to be treated with respect and dignity.

The right to a safe and healthy work environment.

The right to fair compensation and benefits.

The right to freedom of expression and association.

The right to due process in the event of disciplinary action.

 Safety, responsibility and rights of engineers
Examples of engineering safety, responsibility, and rights

An engineer who designs a bridge is responsible for ensuring that the bridge is safe for the public to use.

An engineer who works for a chemical company is responsible for ensuring that the company's products and
processes are safe for workers and the environment.

An engineer who is a member of a professional engineering society has the right to participate in the society's
activities and to express their views on engineering issues.

An engineer who is accused of unethical conduct has the right to due process, including a fair hearing and the
right to be represented by an attorney.
 Global Issues engineers as a managers
Engineers play a vital role in addressing global issues such as climate change, poverty, and inequality. As
managers, engineers have a unique opportunity to lead teams and develop innovative solutions to these
challenges.

Here are some specific examples of how engineers as managers can address global issues:

Climate change: Engineers can manage teams to develop and implement renewable energy
technologies, energy-efficient buildings and transportation systems, and other solutions to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.
Poverty: Engineers can manage teams to develop and implement affordable housing technologies, water
sanitation systems, and other solutions to improve the lives of people in developing countries.
Inequality: Engineers can manage teams to develop and implement inclusive technologies and engineering
practices that benefit everyone, regardless of their background or abilities.
 Global Issues engineers as a managers
Here are some specific challenges that engineers face as managers in a globalized world:

Managing diverse teams: Engineers as managers must be able to effectively manage teams of people from
different cultures and backgrounds. This requires cultural sensitivity, communication skills, and the ability to
build trust.

Navigating complex regulatory environments: Engineers as managers must be able to navigate complex
regulatory environments in different countries. This requires a good understanding of the law and the ability
to work with government agencies.

Balancing competing priorities: Engineers as managers must be able to balance competing priorities such as
cost, quality, and sustainability. This requires strategic thinking and problem-solving skills.
 Global Issues engineers as a managers
Here are some tips for engineers who want to be successful managers in a globalized world:

Develop your cultural intelligence. Learn about the cultures of the people you will be working with. This will help
you to communicate effectively and build trust.

Become an expert in global regulations. Stay up-to-date on the regulatory environments in the countries where
you will be operating. This will help you to avoid compliance problems.

Develop your strategic thinking and problem-solving skills. Learn how to think strategically about your team's
goals and how to solve complex problems.

Build a strong team. Recruit and retain talented engineers from different backgrounds. Create a workplace
culture that is inclusive and supportive.

Be a role model. Demonstrate ethical and responsible leadership. Advocate for policies that support sustainable
development and social justice.