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31 views29 pagesLocomotion and Movement
The document discusses various types of movement in biological organisms, particularly focusing on amoebas and muscle contractions in humans. It explains the mechanisms of locomotion, the role of pseudopodia, and the structure and function of muscle fibers, including actin and myosin. Additionally, it touches on muscle fatigue and disorders related to muscle function.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
31 views29 pagesLocomotion and Movement
The document discusses various types of movement in biological organisms, particularly focusing on amoebas and muscle contractions in humans. It explains the mechanisms of locomotion, the role of pseudopodia, and the structure and function of muscle fibers, including actin and myosin. Additionally, it touches on muscle fatigue and disorders related to muscle function.
Uploaded by
krishna78277388Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 29
FS
ATT AN |_|
LOT ETN
T Novtmey Tame Synty aay ans ropa 5 3
Both unicettwlay and matte eu utay Show aippenent ty pe
Movement 8%!~ “Ameobva can move with 44
Preudopodfa - 5
a x
+ Locomo tron See
ww ts the movem eut tn > Gn we_depined ae
with thee Fs Chang e A change fn posture,
~ bos? thon (Pom 4 prate 40 4
~~ GQnothex)
mw = Tt Ps volun Huy Actin > fan be volun buy or
Exe Running, Sigim mfg TnVatun bey
~ iaatisitg aly de fxi- Rafstng Handy.
fi
a Pedat als Bareatting «
ch of ' => feugosimed fou
suitable Cont afutng baste
i Puydto tw afcal # nora
es perce Cth: ah Janel
. Locomotuy ‘Bye Chustes ‘need not be _dijperent duom Syteur Chusres
ppvgped im movement. ie “Same Stuuctwxes Can be tnvowed
in locomotion + movemeut.
ee Pseudo pda, in Ameoba
vr 7 ae a
secs —— Pecemavin
oo
2. GWwa om Powamectum
Ey nap 1 socomote _movement
= ary GW any movemeut fn Cyto phosayann,
pias 4
Good Write cet pugs et ane. -
Ben * Hlageua ts found 1m fagten
————
a and help tn LOCOM.oHON *
so
* Shermatozoa's Gutmring movement fs” wrth te
help 9 flag ela é rs
: “Typa_of Mouement
ot WE LETS
Amgebord pacude poco __Cevoary » Mee
with the lutp of — with the help
a wtih he hele
of, Peuclopowle | pabe r “Gua valuta VS of muscles
_keet Shoo eytoplaumic Out gown Ceu _pusculcrr! conuac
arteaming movement - ae 4 In Hum
__ movement of tbs
~ Pouramenum
f+ In human bedly tongue, Jaw ete.
<
i i f : mony movements
“aur arded, with orth help
sel Pus atosuy uy Wack ey
is rovereut dust,
won moqut enter ap el
Gn. 3 ugh
* fauepran 4ube OX oviduct has
Gua ue moveMenr % gq. “Consiftute about YO- sore body vweigut-
— Convent chenuccat eneugy into Mechanical eneugy.
: tf
Sw" Puopeutia— 35 rai f a
i Bes A :
= Eccrtabrerty Cait Ex tenat, ; Conia aero, {ee
— Cryer ay im
. Skeletat ‘
> Typa | Mule es Smooth
UT _ SS condFac
> Oliraspructuxe bo Skeletal Muscles, i
Ruse 9 yt
—
Jeyte
“Tee Cou
ae *
Good Write set toon. fou Mule awa por
u wy 2
Po” a j fe" a
= Memb. of Muude? Saucolemma My oust
- ER of Muscle 3 Saucop toamfc ReHGulum G Maya globin
= MiteOnonduia. of, Nua SOHCo¢ome
= Uytoptasmn af e> SonCopinym __
# emilee po
—— © ° %
- a Feapate taeg nation og Sanco lemmas —
f) He} + Each Muscle poe Consist of paviauel QusOys of Myo hbsm
3 ¥ t
* £ath Myoptbuuty nas abtexnate vigut ancl -doxk bond on,
6,
U
“US syuGated appeavare Te due to Hack and thin
fPlaments tonFch aue mathly Composed ef Myost | 7
and Actih pxotemy stepectrvely . :
= = 3
Distance bw 2 Consecuubve z-Une cla _ Saviomeve 7
| 0 oe
-
etn culkchen Line as > VaLuter: flatect stegtn ponich. bisett
r
-
—
-
St band — Dotuopio band “” Con foe blaments.
[ Same density “5
Hembeuqne | Kuauwe | “T-band 2-Uhe epee 6 ep quater
menabestane 4 Soreomere from qnopn ey. ei a pion —-4
& + Saxcomece = T-band a 2
; 4 and + A band + —£1-band —
=— , L ta
S A= band and T~vand ave attemmottvely owiai nt
a
= ‘
>
*, Muscle psroterns, praese at
Ri a sina : ES kee
Conwatitie Puotern _ Repulatosey Spurrier sol |
ue tose whith Que those worth ———tonith netp TH
gencwate fase fos Sth enor Ale gning SHUG He,
Contyaction . Contuaution eh fdaments-
a >. 5 ate bene
= Actin - == Wieponth a
eats an Seed a
a) myosin) i ae
(Cooma nin
__ Wlaments Wy (
axco lemma ) [
[ “_menomente untt «
osin Fe Meno
hos a pate cham a
=~ HMM,
=~
~
~
~
~ ~
s Toh ____ Ge -Hom :
~ (gne w aoe }
7 4g) Oo My @80 : (Heony NOkcoraystin) “a
ad 7
= SHULL. of Myosin (Wao luyoan) a
~ ay
Se (utps$ atm + Head
io Tor
= i ioe <7
eo Mary Myosr Molecules Assen bte 10 eehey F0.fosunm tani
me Hiament i ;
_
lw Ck 7 Comet
= t# Toe :
=. Tot e9 ton fom body wwe ‘head and Gxoss cum
= | :
tea
Good Write ‘ Re *
itaitt Reapunfexl 01."
oxy
: ~
—Ba0n hufn fs ode sp 0) & cnath oh FP Actin ( hlamento os)
whith atte neeauy wound auound each Oy eH. =
s Each fF - acin ‘ts Potymentred puoren and Hate up of _—
Paenomenie cid 4 acen C4 lob ut 0) i ~
n heal
fa dt each ome.
___ Shuctuxe 6 Brepony ostn ee is.
tain 1tament — 1
SEG E rye
" yest Hinang phe, @ Ip ae =
: ©.
5 HAUseut Ovey thin
a ° u ven tray
by Tx pomyostn then
ee pelevent_ Con geen ~
~
~
~
~E I. Sxert BSaeiaes i ;
~ me oe aad onwwaction comes! sea
~
ae
x
~
-
.
r
ri
.
:
me Sa
Levit tyson pa rtAudc Lease NER unit?
af Be pa NEEM 7 4
SS _. a => Sesttolona Mg
creat Sa
~ Misde yore — Rema Cal 94 Ten
Sunt? bo vewsyy anc Sexrcol emma. 1
S10 Qi Neuro mucutoy on (CNM
ponln ney a ACeHf tohotere
> Savcolomma
Good Write 9. Contiaction phase = conen tuscles aur selaxed + Qt
__ aye Low ca2* < Toil Myosin binding Bite Ovey Actin TS
—_Morked oy Thopemyo sin~ —THteponin Comp ter.
: ome e s
: @ tn Ca*t Yevep Avads to ng e), Tope nmcaith CoN
; ERs
: Confoumabronal ¢) thange and _Myestn Biheting | atte es
eect ae
A ae
- ae, ——— top Heagt —__
7
SB ——._@
Later OK 85
eS tropa tompier ee exposed. -
a Methan'sm of Con fuaction ar explatned by. (ino 1°) aaa
Be : et: “ieee é
——____,-
q ~
my Ag. to wi) ra mg cen tracnen, tin fFlaments 3 Aude ov
= CK. pFlaments — caustny Shestentng of 8 UM!
OSEAK doton
Crombutage
nr . eee
. © Suaing | Rotation hayesth
in fut sn Filament fom
sis the Cente.
‘ —§ ae
se yt
* Tes Coniaction Cyde Continues tt ca ase purped Soe
axed state a Tsp a
— aR To = AN G09 Contyatted State
a 2a
= ae ar a
ee Terd Abang aa St [-> T-band detueae fn Sze),
S¢ T~ bard present _ [> _Hezone ether sedusedio
SS: H- zone prerent.
Sala Completely absent,
mS > A= band "Present
= Good Write Ww
> A-band sremetnd Same.
, as s _
* “eine App equ to (ome dosex Leading to Shostentt 1
Sautomeve Shoutening fe not due to Shoutentng tn the
= Henge of wick ana tin piament- m@ fs due to sUding.
ae
3. Relaxation pitas S=
= Signal step Coming , No Nowe Neuso teense tte (Ach) 3
per Heleosed q ay
> Aretyl chotine Etevaye
at Ntwomu tutor Juner
= cart ‘ouie pumped batk to SR, neve they bind toBn
palotdin Coued Calrequestucn ate; 3
beak —deton olueady psreent Ach
L& pursient tm “SR.
ae
=> As Ca?t eeveoa es) “Et ponth
ee ee) Dioponin
MMK the Myosin bihaing
_Contuaction Mh Smooth Muy
Tnstead ee An
tis caret penn Can
> Nn Hactisn o ‘sail 5 “ADP + PPraud aa
Ry ducuyre oe
Pho! y
Sphoweatithe & the Enetgy Source
tos 3 5 _
fPespkoittentne) 25 ATP + Gueatine i
ws *, Moscre farrgue
Rapid Contua cen
+
hs Muscle and thsuppienyy ¢) oO, tends fo.
m__puodu ction of Lactic Acta
za > Path Cuamps
3 aes
> Cujtogen Anotuobic S Lactic aca
> (tua Ue) ___ breakdown i /
7 ie eee oe Dibtive Tn Blood
> GWargen +0 Ylyenre }
*
ee im Renintiing foo p> 9 Th ven PE ES
T —_$_——__ So
a convecited back OxrcliSect +0 Oy + Hao.
20°) i vf a
_ U0 4 ly eogen
hy ref yn) frlivey
5
{
=, CORT severe
ae +
a cme cate
Good Write
eee | (o] o._Myeg tobin My ogtobin tet in NO.
= Rute chon daa abundant ~ Lute Chendura [es
> Reuobie Reapferoctien 3 Anaenorke Resprsation
esky > seen i
> aE Hate of Conwactin faut Rate ef Con tyacton
= Remain Contuacted > Can't Rematn contracted
tongex puriod +f Hme fox longex peed
without fatrgue._
> Ex!--Extensoy Miude of
back
+ Piignt Muscle
erate | wunde Si
of _stuength
4g er Mustle _Gontia chi
at tT
© Tuenhold jim wy — urnimum am
gHimulus tonith ?s seq used ro ae
Al) ot None putrdple ~ Aco. fo $hS , hucscte
ony when thuesnod tHrmulus % given to Ft
; “
Smale below Tureshoid uli nor Cawe Grnaain. 6
eg NO ek §
«
: :
c Good Write — > Length 9, Mude mans
‘ Same : TE
Gh Pusning against a wate
> white (oyines Muse
Changes
Exe~
Ueting a beck fuom a
tote
# Rgon uous eo soning of Kuacles epten death dueto
deptet on eh energy Scunce ey Amita
HE DITSORDERS oF MUSCLES
aby My 04 Osea Getawh 3- Autoimmune abjeae on wh owe
Feoemune System 8 Staut zectuchn AnH becty that
hls : pure 9
attack ox detuey Ach slecep tua pueenr % Saycolemna,
D> hetyi notre uli wot _ be GbIE 40 bfnd uth Ach
HECEpHON
= Syn p toma uke. Posatysia occtue
sors U iS
8). 0 wcchen tua cuton _Dyr Wop hy & Genebie diteuelen
wonih oy S tavophin psotetn ¥8 Not Fasimed whith deaals fo
essai 4 Muscles eX weak ent
Good Write eh bene and Comslage .
like, auound 300 (316) bones pHteent ,
Emm buy ont é
caren nen 1 M13 bones. Mute erent uaniCh bubtth er
piene 906 a we gow up[since seme bene puse],
Skeletal System =
Axrte a.
> Awyanged aiound —
Cental axis of body
oooh
eG skrun © (2)
Depewetena (26)
6 umn
> Ribs
> Steinum
A ppen actu ox
Fe _SKOLL, © Composed % Giant Bone + factat Bones
et) wa
_— -~— Joma 230 HOH ma
toerung of bath
pesto Skuy.
udes, a Single U- Shaped bene
Paleent at the base 4 burcat aufy Hy efd bone
_ Good Write re Occipital
(1)
Palatine
Inferior nasal |{]
— concha (2)
Zygomatic
Maxilla (2)
Mandible (1) Vomer (1)
Good Write Prey ease eres
—~ Mins
Ss 2 ad did iD
P* OuPpttat Boel) + - cae Aan
a ‘ = singte (unpakued) $ nev
— . Thy efou fet cated 03 Foxamen Hognisrs
—~ Hucough with Heduua Connects uttn Seerat
Cost.
* Sph enoid are ? = keystone Lome as “tt uel au the Ganial
bain tog ether. 5 &
Hoy cere ign Coued “Seta Pucca
whee prewitany Wes.
g _ un parsed
sNosat Gone (a) > matt, fom batdge eb wore.
mat Bene (8)\>_ prevent | on Sides o} tye oubte accel
La cuimat dc -
Good Write > Hyord bone Oly bone wien Ps Not atathed
with any other tone. a
~ Tongue 1 OMached with tyoid Bone . FPR at PS ; wi
ee __fondy torr Jornt fox ~ Wye" a mb UeR end (woadg) Fr
_
~ + VERTERR _COLMN, |
w+ Riwet fr veureivate .
w * Foumed
36 Seufally aang ed veutebsae and A Aoiesay
m Placed. ne
wi’ Aso sled Barone
s Extend om Rae eh S Ru.
zi Fouts oevetopement = 33 veutennae bub later bue +t boxrm
- eo 8 BGs
_o Diuidea Prato .. f
> Couioat > 7 [Ne is 7 Fr atmo at Harmmal J
; Mmeeue =
~ uumbor Sg (Logat fe Stee)
~ Sawaal (Saou = 4 /pumed) a ai ‘
3 G OY geat (Coccyx = aL Se
> K Nosimal Conve 4 Gwiver, ¥
“J * Couvical , Thorac, tam bey and Saal, J
a eles TETTTE ph rill \
— c > 4
a E 3 \ 1 OL UT Ea Ceyy :
- F { (jus eolabon 6) ssa
= # |) am ‘38
; Good Write tA ? iv
od aad oss. Th wien Pucjectfon of
“gssims Teint ( Aitvet’)
=
oie fon Ne” Hovemen
= Ech veutebxae hos Contyal fhoilew partion (wawrar cq Canal 7
___thuough tonitn spinal tod . passes.
% Centum 4 9 adj vex
en A 2 ad facent Vesteb sa, es though
disc
SM Venehyal so4aman “align cal to _fo21m Newt Can
STgnifPoance * a
— Packet, “Spinat tod
: ii mh atiecnment box PIG ard tantly of bade,
Good Write . LL is
Metage
a *
> ee Total = Qomes,
7 Const eh 8 Gra Bone. a agli
F— cath Conat done % gorimed by GINO ob & bmelmntunny
? Tschium and Purse Loa are or
-_ At the _ point ob tus?on there (Tes a whe
were fo wnicn thigh bone axfeutatel
- 2 hoes eb “pe fo gece Meet ventally to foun public
§ Symp § srs Contoining prbs(ou4 cout) age
ba
i
|
|
Good Write
, i
pemate Peuis
Dw Mate and 2
i G wile
5 NOLO YMA > Long oy pubtd » Ue
ny Ns
Bhosut fu angul a4 Rectang aaa
Pulers ;
Fore INS * Mesos: THA
Hun eu —
Radia ~
~
~
~
~
—
~
_
=
~
calcan eum
_
_ °,
BQ erte cottage ede Movement
= ab
we SHENG. Exs + PubPe Symp! a0
BERD Susunies of USEuWy nv Trwedveute sal Ae
o *Blw els 4 stetnum
ge ° Skuu bones Joined
2 by dense gt bx10UK8
Connective tissue
ferme (uanium .
2- ie
= Type oF, Synovial Jente
F Same & Joint | | ptrection a) Ex eh Jemb, =
Sra + [Many . + Shoulder Toit (Head ob.
BD cocker Tot. | re Yensta courty % Sapute)
. 2 ey Pea
2 a a [+ Hip Joint (hemuy Head F a
— Tren ats ___ Acetabutym )
2 | sa -
0 ee ae
+ Ble athas and ARS
| enarus and wlno .
ant 4 Plane
oreeyt
one . “Blo Blo Copats
+ Gyo Torso
any aivection | * Blo Con pots
7 eb thumb
Qdineriion | + Blo. wetacan pals and phatanga
[3 onw + Bw AtiOs and occhpreat
ee
Aanto act stan twalken 4 Secreto Pamnuu y
pan w
Cowes uosion ob Hembevane «
= fluid T preset won Gunes pain.
~
~
NO ® Anthstts 8 Thylammabion of Jems occur.
~
m2. _Osteopouorts & Skeletal sande? when bme Hou TA
Gecweosed +
— Many fa torr ou HesPporsible Suchoa >
—
~
~
=
ogen| estrogen Inhib