THE COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS OF UNDER GRADUATE

BACHELOR OF ARTS

ECONOMICS

1ST TO 6TH Semesters

w.e.f.
Academic Year 2020-21 and Onwards
Under
 CBCS Based Syllabus Course Structure for B.A (UG)

in Economics (Optional) (W.e.f. 2020-21 Onwards)

Marks Duration
Teach of
Semester Paper Title of the Paper ing Credits Sem Sem
Code/ Total
No Hours/ End End
Course IA
Week Exam Exam

Micro Economics 5 3 20 80 100 3

I DSC 1 1
Macro Economics 5 3 20 80 100 3
II DSC 2 2
Public Economics 5 3 20 80 100 3
DSC 3 3
III Statistics for Economics 2 2 10 40 50 2
SEC 1 4
DSC 4 5 International Economics 5 3 20 80 100 3
IV
SEC 2 6 Human Resource Management 2 2 10 40 50 2

DSE 1 7 1) Indian Economy 4 4 20 80 100 3

V

2) Monetary Economics 4 4 20 80 100 3

7.1 OR
3) Rural Development

SEC 3 8 Financial Institutions and Markets 2 2 10 40 50 2

DSE 2 9 1) Development Economics 4 4 20 80 100 3

VI

2) Environment Economics 4 4 20 80 100 3

OR
9.1
3) Industrial Economics

SEC 4 10 Economics of Tourism 2 2 10 40 50 2

44 36

2
 BA ECONOMICS
FIRST SEMESTER
Paper No. 1 (DSC 1) : Micro Economics

Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to familiarize the students with economic behaviour of
consumers and producers, and production, cost and revenue functions and the determination of price
and output in different markets, and to theories relating to rent and profits.

Unit-I : Introduction to Micro Economics

Meaning, Scope, Types – Importance and Limitations; Methodology in economics; Choice as an
economics problem; Law of Scarcity and Supply frame work, Production Possibility Curve.

Unit-II: Theory of Consumer’s Behaviour

Demand-Meaning, Determinants and Law of Demand; Elasticity of Demand – Demand
Forecasting ; Supply-Meaning, Determinants and Law of Supply; Elasticity of Supply; Theory of
Consumer Behaviour- Marginal Utility Analysis -Theory of Indifference Curve and Its Properties;
Consumers‟ Price Effect, Income Effect and Substitution Effect; Inferior Goods and Giffen Goods.

Unit-III: Production, Costs and Revenue

Production Function- Short-run and Long-run; Law of Variable Proportions; Returns to scale;
Characteristics of Isoquants and Isocost line; Cost Function- Different Concepts of Costs, Short-
run and Long run Cost Analysis; Least cost combination of factors; Break-even- analysis.

Unit-IV: Market Structure and Product Pricing

Concepts of Total, Average and Marginal Revenue; Perfect Competition-Equilibrium of the Firm
and Industry; Monopoly-Equilibrium of the firm, Price discrimination; Monopolistic Competition-,
Short- run and Long-run Equilibrium of the Firm and Group Equilibrium; Oligopoly- Features and
Types of Oligopoly.

Unit-V: Factor Pricing and Distribution

Wage Determination, Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution; Ricardian and Modern
Theories of Rent, Quasi-rent;; Theories of Profit-Dynamic Theory, Risk and Uncertainty Theory
and Schumpeterian Theory of Profit.

References:
1) Ahuja, H.L. (2017): Modern Micro Economics, S. Chand & Company Ltd New Delhi
2) Dwivedi, D. N. (2016): Micro Economics Theory and Applications, 3rd Edition, Vikas
Publishing.
3) Jhingan, M. L. (2017): Micro Economic Theory, Vrinda Publication, Pvt, Delhi.
4) Koutsoyiannis A. (2003): Modern Micro Economics, 2nd Edition, Macmillan London
5) Pindyck, R. S. and D.L. Rubinfeld (2000): Microeconomics, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, India.
6) Seth, M.L. (1985): Micro Economics, Lakshmi Narain Agrawal Publisher, Agra.
7) Varian, Hal R. (2010): Micro Economic Analysis, W.W. Norton & Company, New York.
3
 SECOND SEMESTER
Paper No. 2 (DSC 2) : Macro Economics
Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to acquaint the students with the behaviour of macro
economics variables; to provide knowledge of national income accounts, classical macro economics,
the Keynesian economics, business cycles and inflation.

Unit - I: Introduction to Macro Economics

Meaning, Scope and Importance of Macro Economics; National Income Accounting: Concepts of
National Income- GDP, GNP, NNP, National Income at Factor Cost, PI, DPI, PCI; Methods and
Difficulties in Measuring National Income; Circular Flow of Income

Unit- II: Classical Theory of Employment

Classical Theory of Employment-Assumptions and Full-employment Equilibrium; Say‟s Law of
Market; Wage-Price Flexibility, A.C. Pigou‟s Reformulation.

Unit-III: Keynesian Economics

Keynesian Theory of Employment- Concept of Effective Demand and its Determinants;
Consumption Function - Average Propensity to Consume and Marginal Propensity to Consume
and Factors Determining Consumption Function; Saving Function - Average Propensity to Save
and Marginal Propensity to Save; Determinants of Savings; Investment Function - Marginal
Efficiency of Capital and Factors Influencing the MEC.

Unit-IV: Theory of Multiplier and Accelerator

Multiplier- Meaning, Working and Limitations; Accelerator- Meaning, Working and Limitations.

Unit- V: Business Cycles and Inflation

Business Cycles- Meaning, types of the business cycle, features of the business cycle, phases of
business cycle; Control of Business Cycles.
Definitions of Inflation, Causes of Inflation, Types of Inflation-demand push inflation and cost
push inflation; inflationary gap; Effects of Inflation, Measures to control Inflation.

References:
th
1) Ahuja, H. L. (2013): Macro Economics Theory & Policy, 19 Edition, S. Chand & Company
Ltd, New Delhi
2) Chopra, P. N. (2016): Macro Economics, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi
3) Dornbusch, R. and F. Stanley (1997): Macro Economics, McGraw Hill, New York.
4) Shapiro, Edward (1996): Macro Economic Analysis, Galgotia Publications, New Delhi.
5) Gupta, R. D. (1983): Keynesian Economics an Introduction, Second Revised Edition, Kalyan
Publishers, New Delhi.
6) Jhingan, M. L. (2017): Macro Economic Theory, Vrinda Publications (P) Ltd. Delhi.
th
7) Rana, K. C. and K. N. Verma (2014): Macro Economic Analysis, 10 Reprint, Vishal
Publishing Co., Daryaganj, Delhi.
8) Seth, M. L. (2006): Macro Economics, Laxmi Narain Agarwal, Educational Publishers, Agra.

4
 THIRD SEMESTER

Paper No. 3 (DSC 3) : Public Economics

Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to acquaint the students with the concepts of public
economics, basis for public expenditure, public revenue, canons of taxation and theories of public
expenditure, and also to familiarise the students with different concept of budgetary deficits, budget
and fiscal policy.

Unit- I: Introduction to Public Economics

Nature, Scope and Importance of Public Finance; Public and Private Finance- Similarities and
Dissimilarities; Concept of Public and Private Goods; Principle of Maximum Social Advantage.

Unit-II: Public Revenue

Meaning, Significance and Sources of Public Revenues; Canons of Taxation; Merits and Demerits
of Direct and Indirect Taxes; Concept of Progressive, Regressive, Proportional and Digressive
Taxes; Shifting and Incidence of Taxes; Goods and Service Tax (GST)- Meaning, Objectives,
Slabs of GST, Structure (SGST, CGST and IGST), GST Council and Impact of GST.

Unit- III: Public Expenditure

Meaning and Types of Public Expenditure; Cause for Growing Public Expenditure and its Effects;
Role of Public Expenditure in Economic Development; Wagner‟s views on Public Expenditure.

Unit- IV: Public Debt and Deficit Financing

Meaning, Objectives, Types and Burden of Public Debt; Causes for Growth of Public Debt and
Methods of Redemption of Debt; Meaning, Objectives and Effects of Deficit Financing.

Unit- V: Budget and Fiscal Policy

Meaning, Types and Importance of Budget; Budget Preparation and Process; Budgetary Deficits-
Fiscal Deficits – Primary Deficit, Revenue Deficits; Zero- Based Budgeting; Fiscal Policy-
Meaning, Objectives and Tools, Federal Finance.

References:
1) Agarwal, R. C. (2016): Public Finance Theory and Practice, Lakshmi Narain Agarwal, Agra
2) Bhatia, H L (2018): Public Finance, S. Chand and Co., New Delhi.
3) Dalton, Hugh (1997): Principles of Public Finance, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
4) Hinderick, John and Myles Gareth (2016): Intermediate Public Economics, PHI, New Delhi.
5) Hyman, David N (2013): Public Finance- A Contemporary Application of Theory to Policy,
Thomson South Western Ohio, USA.
6) Lekhi, R.K (2015): Public Finance, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
7) Musgrave, R.A and Musgrave P.A (2017): Public Finance in Theory and Practice, Mcgraw-
Hill Kogakkusha, Tokyo.
8) Om Prakash (2016): Public Economics: Theory and Practice, Vishal Publishing Co. Ludhiana.
9) Singh, S.K. (2016): Public Economics: Theory and Practice S. Chand and Co., New Delhi.
10) Tyagi, B. P (2016): Public Finance, Jai Prakash Nath and Company, Meerut, India.

5
Paper No. 4 (SEC 1) : Statistics for Economics

Objective : The objectives of this paper are to acquaint the students of economics with basic
methods of data analysis in Economics using statistical tools/models. The paper aids the
students of economics in understanding the importance of decision in determining the choice.

Unit-I: Introduction to Statistics

Statistics- Meaning, Scope, Importance and Limitations; Sources of Data-Primary and Secondary;
Types of Data-Qualitative and Quantitative; Classification of Data- Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and
Ratio; Frequency and Tabulation of Data.

Unit-II: Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion

Measures of Central Tendency: Mean-Arithmetic, Harmonic and Geometric, Median and Mode;
Measures of Dispersion: Range, Inter-quartile Range, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation and
Co-efficient of Variation.

Unit-III: Correlation and Regression

Correlation- Meaning and Types-Simple, Partial and Multiple Correlation; Measures of
Correlation-Karl Pearson and Spearman‟s Rank Correlation; Regression- Meaning and Types
- Simple Regression and Multiple Regression Analysis and its Applications.

References:

1) Gupta, S. P. (2012): Statistical Methods, S. Chand and Sons, Educational Publishers, New
Delhi.
2) Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V. K. (2016): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, 3rd Edition, Sultan
Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
3) Monga, G. S. (2015): Mathematics and Statistics for Economics, Second Revised Edition,
Vikas Publishing House, Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
4) Salvatore, D. (2015): Mathematics and Statistics, Schaum‟s Series, Tata McGraw Hill.

6
 FOURTH SEMESTER

Paper No. 5 (DSC 4) : International Economics

Objectives: This paper aims to understand the theories of international trade, role of WTO in
foreign trade, balance of payment and determination of foreign exchange rate, foreign
investment, Make in India v/s Made in India and institutions promoting international trade and
investment.

Unit-I: Introduction
International Trade – Meaning and Importance, Distinction between Internal and International
Trade; Theories of Absolute Cost Advantage and Comparative Cost Advantage; Heckscher-Ohlin
Theory.

Unit-II : Balance of Trade and Balance of Payments

Causes for Disequilibrium in Balance of Payments, Methods of Correcting Disequilibrium; Terms of Trade
– Factors affecting Terms of Trade.

Unit-III : Exchange Control

Meaning, Methods of Exchange Control; Appreciation and Depreciation of Rupee – Meaning and effects;
Dumping and Anti-Dumping – Meaning – Objectives – Effects

Unit IV : Foreign Exchange

Meaning – Equilibrium Rate of Exchange, Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates; Purchasing Power Parity
Theory; Foreign Exchange Market – Structure, Functions and Methods of Payments, Spot and Forward
Rate of Exchange, Hedging, Speculation and Arbitrage.

Unit V : International Economic Organizations

WTO - Structure, Objectives and Functions; Foreign Capital - Sources - Foreign Direct,
Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investments (FIIs) in India; Make in India; SAARC,
BRICS- Objectives and Functions.

References :
1) M.L.Seth : “International Economics- Laksmi Narayan Educational Publications”, Agra.
2) M.L.Jingan : “International Economics” – Vrinda Publications, New Delhi.
3) A.B.N.Kulkarni and A.B.Kalkundrikar : “International Economics”, R.Chand& Co.
4) K.P.M.Sundaram : “Money Banking and International Trade” – S.Chand& Co New Delhi.
5) B.O. Soderston : “International Economics”.
6) C.P. Kindelberger : “International Economics”
7) P.A. Samuelson and Nordous : “Economics”

7
Paper No. 6 (SEC 2) : Human Resource Management

Objectives: The aim of this course is to enable the students to understand thoroughly the
concepts of Human Resource Management and to familiarize the students about the vital aspects
of Human Resource Management and Human Resource Development.

Unit – I : Introduction
HRM- Meaning, Objectives, Scope and Its Importance; Functions of HRM; Planning, Recruitment
and Selection, Training and Development,

Unit - II : Human Resource Planning and Appraisal

Human Resource Planning (HRP): Meaning, Need and Process of HRP, Responsibility for HRP,
Performance Appraisal: Need and Significance- Setting Employees Performance, Objectives and
Goals; Creating Organizational Conditions for Improving Employee Performance.

Unit – III : Human Resource Development

Concept and Evolution; Relationship between Human Resource Manegement and Human
Resource Development; HRD Mechanisms, Processes and Outcomes; HRD Matrix; Roles and
Competencies of HRD Professionals.

References:
1) Aswathappa, K. (2000): Human Resource and Personal Management, Tata Mc Graw Hill,
New Delhi.
2) Daniel Goleman (2004): Emotional Intelligence, Bloomsbury Publishing India Private
Limited, New Delhi.
3) Jim Mathewinan (2000): Human Resource Planning, Jaico Publish House,
Bangalore.
4) Mamoria, C. B. and S. V. Gankar (2008): A Textbook of Human Resource Management,
Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
5) Wayne, F. Cascio (2000): Management Human Resources, McGraw Hill Higher Education,
New York
6) Mankin, D., Human Resource Development, Oxford University Press India.
7) Haldar, U. K., Human Resource Development, Oxford University Press India.

8
 FIFTH SEMESTER
Paper No. 7 (DSE 1/1) : Indian Economy
Objectives: The objectives of this course are to analyze the structure and condition of Indian
Industries, to examine the development various problems of agricultural sector, to know about the
performance of Indian banking sector, to understand the structure of India‟s foreign trade, to
examine the trends and patterns of public expenditure and revenue of Central Government.
Unit-I: Industrial Development
Importance and Classification of Industries; Major Industries- Iron and Steel Industries, Cotton
Textile Industries and their Progress and Problems; Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)-
Concept, Classification, Importance, Problems and Measures; Multinational Companies in India -
Meaning, Importance and Defects, New Industrial Policy of India.
Unit-II: Agricultural Development
Indian Agriculture - Importance and Problems; Causes of Low Agriculture Productivity and
Measures to Increase Agriculture Productivity; Minimum Support Price Policy; Sources of
Agriculture Finance; Agriculture Marketing - Defects and Its Measures; Crop Insurance Policy;
New Agriculture Policy of India
Unit-III: Banking Sector
Reserve Bank of India – Functions and its Monetary Policy, Commercial Banks- Meaning,
Importance and Growth of Commercial Banks; Regional Rural Banks-Objectives, Progress,
Problems and Remedial Measures; Banking Sector Reforms in India; Demonetisation- Meaning
and Its Impacts on Indian Economy;
Unit-IV: Indian Public Finance
Sources of Public Revenue-Tax and Non-tax Revenue; Public Expenditure-Development and Non-
development; Revenue and Capital Expenditure; Causes for Growing Public Expenditure; Public
Debt- Meaning, Importance, Sources, Budget –Meaning and Types; Fiscal Policy- Meaning,
Objectives and Tools.
Unit-V: Foreign Trade of India
Features, Volume, Composition and Direction of India‟s Foreign Trade; Recent Position of India‟s
Balance of Payment; New Foreign Trade Policy of India - India and World Trade Organization
(WTO)
References:
1) Agarwal, A. N. and Agarwal M. K. (2016): Indian Economy: Problems of Development and Planning,
New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi.
2) Agarwal, H. S. (2011): Indian Economy, Lakshmi Narain Agarwal, Agra.
3) Agarwal, R. C. (2015): Economics of Development and Planning (2014-15), Lakshmi Narain Agarwal,
Agra.
4) Dhingra, I. C. (2018): Indian Economy, S. Chand and Company Limited, Ram Nagar, New Delhi.
5) Government of India (2017): Economic Survey of India (Annual), Ministry of Finance, Government of
India, New Delhi.
6) Lekhi, R.K. and Joginder Singh (2014): The Economics of Development and Planning, Kalyani
Publishers New Delhi.
7) Misra, S. K. and V. K. Puri (2018): Indian Economy, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
8) Ruddar Dutt and K.P.M. Sundharam (2002): Indian Economy, S. Chand and Company Limited, New
Delhi.
9) Sundaram, K.P.M. (2004): An Introduction to Indian Economy, S. Chand and Company Limited, Ram
Nagar, New Delhi.
9
Paper No. 7.1 (DSE 1/2) : Monetary Economics

Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to understand the working of monetary system,
understanding the value of money in modern economic context and to study the recent
development in banking and market and capital market sectors.

Unit- I: Nature and Functions of Money

Money- Meaning, Evolution and functions, and Components of money- M1, M2, M3 and M4.
Creation of Money; Money multiplier, money market equilibrium, Digital money – meaning and its
instruments.

Unit- II: Demand for Money

Demand for Money- Classical Approach-Quantity Theory of Money- Fisher‟s Equation and
Cambridge Equation; Keynesian Liquidity Preference Approach.

Unit-III: Money Market and Capital Market

Money Market-Meaning, Features and Instruments and India‟s Money Market; Capital Market-
Meaning, Features, Types of Market- Primary and Secondary Markets; Indian Capital Markets and
Its Instruments; SEBI- Working of SEBI-Sensex and Nifty.

Unit-IV: Central Banking

Central Banking-Meaning, Functions, Methods of Credit Control- Quantitative and Qualitative
Credit Control Methods; Monetary Policy- Meaning, Objectives and Instruments.

Unit-V: Commercial Banking

Commercial Banking: Meaning, Functions, Credit Creation and Balance Sheet of
Commercial Banks, Performance and problems; Private Banking, Recent Banking Sector Reform.

References:

1) Gupta, Suraj B. (2010): Monetary Economics: Institutions, Theory and Policy, S. Chand &
Company, New Delhi.
2) Jhingan, M. L. (2012): Monetary Economics, Vrinda Publications (P) Ltd. Delhi
3) Kulkarni, A.B.N. and B. K. Kalkundrikar and A.H. Shaikh (2012): Monetary Economics, R.
Chand & Co. New Delhi.
4) Pathak, B.V. (2011): The Indian Financial System: Market, Institution and Services, 3rd
Edition, Pearson Education.
5) Paul, R .R. (2005): Monetary Economics, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
6) Seth, M. L. (2010): Monetary Economics, Lakshmi Narain Agarwal Educational
Publisher Agra.
7) Sundaram, K.P. M. (2010): Money, Banking and International Trade, Sultan Chand and Sons,
New Delhi.

10
 Paper No. 7.1 (DSE 1/2) : RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Objectives : The objective of this paper is to understand the basics of rural development,
including characteristics, problems and programmes of rural development in India. It also
attempts to study the trends and patterns of economic diversification and governance in rural
areas and the role of infrastructures and governance in rural development

Unit – I : Nature and Scope of Rural Development

Need for Rural Development; Concept, Objectives and Indicators of Rural Development;
Characteristics of Rural Economy; and Rural-Urban Linkage.

Unit – II: Poverty and Unemployment in Rural India

Rural Poverty-Concept, Poverty Line, Measurement, Poverty Trends, Poverty and Causes of Poverty;
Unemployment- Concept, Measurement, Trends, Regional Pattern and Causes of Unemployment;
Review of Current Poverty Alleviation and Employment Generation Programmes in India.

Unit – III : Transferring Rural Economy

Importance of Agriculture and Allied Activities in Rural Development; Rural Non-Agricultural
Employment in India- Importance, Growth, Regional Pattern and Determinants; Progress and
Problems of Small-Scale Industries (SSI/ MSME‟s) and Remedial Measures.

Unit – IV: Infrastructures for Rural Development

Rural Infrastructures- Meaning, Classification, Importance, Problems; Educational and Health
infrastructure; Housing and Sanitation; Drinking Water Supply; Rural Energy; Rural Transport and
Communication; Rural Electrification.

Unit – V : Rural Governance

Panchayat Raj Institutions Legislations powers, Functions and sources of revenue- Role of N.G.Os
in rural development.

References :

1) Chambers, R. (1983): Rural Development: Putting the Last First, Longman, Harlow.
2) Desai, Vasant (2015): Rural Development, Himalaya Publication, Mumbai.
3) Gupta. K .R. (Ed) (2003): Rural Development in India, Atlantic Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi.
4) Jain, Gopal Lal (1997): Rural Development, Mangal Deep Publications, Jaipur,.
5) Maheshwari, S. R. (1985): Rural Development in India, Sage Publications, New Delhi.
6) Satya Sundaram, I. (2015): Rural Development, Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi.
7) Singh, Katar (1986): Rural Development: Principles, Polices and Management, Sage
Publications, New Delhi, (Second Edition).
8) Mondal, Sagar and G. L. Ray (2011): Rural Development, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

11
Paper No. 8 (SEC 3) : Financial Institutions and Markets

Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to understand the financial systems, operation
objectives and functions of primary and secondary markets.

Unit-I: Financial Institutions

Meaning, Structure, Objectives; Structure and Features of Indian Financial System; Role of
Financial Institutions in Economic Development of with special reference to India

Unit-II: Primary Markets

Meaning, Objectives and Features; Instruments of Primary Markets-Debt, Equity Shares, and
Preference Shares, Advantages and Disadvantages of Primary Market; Role of Primary Markets in
Economic Development with special reference to India.

Unit-III: Secondary Markets

Meaning, Objectives, Features and Instruments; Role of Secondary Markets in Economic
Development; Advantages and Disadvantages of Secondary Market; Distinction between Primary and
Secondary Market; Stock Exchange – Meaning and Growth of Stock Exchange.

References:

1) Bhole, L. M. and J. Mahukud (2011): Financial Institutions and Markets, 5th Edition Tata
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
2) Bhole L.M (2000) : „Indian Financial System‟, Chugh Publications, Allahabad.
3) Edminster R. O ( 1986) : „Financial Institutions: Markets and Development‟, Yale, London.
4) Johnson J. J (1993) : Financial Institutions and Markets, MaGrow Hill, New York
5) Varshney, P. N. and D. K. Mittal (2004): Indian Financial System, S. Chand and Sons.

12
 SIXTH SEMESTER
Paper – 9 (DSE 2/1) : Development Economics
Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to provide the students with the essential tools and
concepts of development economics, general theories of economic growth and development, problems
of economic development and to prepare them to understand what helps development to succeed.

Unit-I: Concepts of Development

Economic development – Meaning and Definitions – Distinction between Economic Growth and
Development - Indicators of Development: Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product
(NNP), Per Capita Income, Human Development Index (HDI), Human Poverty Index (HPI), Gender
Related Development Index, Inclusive Development, MDGs, Poverty and inequality.

Unit-II: Theories of Economic Growth and Development

Adam Smith‟s Theory, Ricardo‟s, Karl Marx‟s Theory - Schumpeter‟s Theory and Rostow‟s Growth
Theories, Lewis Labour Surplus Model – Rodan‟s Big Push Theory – Balanced and Unbalanced
Growth.

Unit-III: Factors in the Development Process

Capital Accumulation-Determinants of Capital Accumulation, Importance of Capital Formation,
Sources of Capital Formation; Capital - Output Ratio; Technology and Economic Development -
Institutional Factors; Natural Resources and their Importance-Man Power planning, Human
Resources and development.

Unit-IV : Sectoral view of Development

Role of agriculture in economic development; Modernization and agricultural development;
Efficiency and Role of industrial growth in economic development; the choice of technique,
appropriate technology and employment.

Unit-V : Environment and Sustainable Development

Definition, Importance and role of environment in sustainable development; environment –
economy linkage; environmental externalities and state regulation of the environment, economic
activity and climate change.
References:
1) Gerald M. Meier and James E. Rauch (2005): Leading Issues in Economic Development, 8 th
Edition, Oxford University Press, USA.
2) Higgins, Benjamin (1968): Economic Development, W.W. Norton & Company.
3) Jhingan, M.L. (2012): Economic Development and Planning, 40th Revised Edition, Vrinda
Publications, Delhi.
4) Kindleberger , Charles P. (1958):.Economic Development, 8 th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book
Company, Inc., New York.
5) Misra, S. K. and V. K. Puri (2010): Economic Development and Policy in India, Himalaya
Publishing House, Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai.
6) Naqvi, Syed NawabHaider (2002). Development Economics – Nature and Significance,
Sage, New Delhi.
7) Ray, D., (1998). Development Economics, Princeton University Press.
13
Paper No. 9.1 (DSE 2/2) : Environment Economics

Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to enable the students to understand the importance of
environment and resource conservation, to identify the causes of various types of pollutions and
reflect upon what needs to be done to promote sustainable development.

Unit- I: Environment and Ecology

Meaning and Elements of Ecology, Environment and Economic Linkages; Entropy Laws,
Population Environment Linkage; Concept and Indicators of Sustainable Development.

Unit- II: Natural Resources and Conservation

Meaning; Natural Resource and Economic Development; Renewable and Non-Renewable
Resources; Reasons for Scarcity of Natural Resources; Conservation and Recycling Measures;
Energy Resources –Energy and Economic Development; Alternative Energy Sources.

Unit- III: Environmental Pollution (With reference to India)

Meaning, Types of Pollution - Air, Water and Noise Pollution; Land Degradation and
Deforestation, Loss of Biodiversity and Climate Change – Causes and Consequences

Unit-IV: Environment Valuation

Values of Environment and Ecosystem, Importance of valuation, Total Economic Valuation,
Methods of valuation; Contingent valuation method, Travel cost method.

Unit-V: Environmental Policy and Citizen Enforcement

Environmental Management System and Regulatory in India – Role of Pollution Control Boards
and their Functions; Provisions of the Environmental Protection Act, 1986; Environmental
Movements in India (Chipko);, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan; Afforestation Programmes
References:
1) Bhattacharya, R.N. (Ed.) (2001): Environmental Economics: An Indian Perspective, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi.
2) Karpagam, M. (1991): Environmental Economics: A Text Book, Sterling Publishers, New
Delhi.
3) Kumar, N. (2017): Environmental Economics, Lakshmi Narain Agarwal, Agra
4) Nick Hanley, Jason F., Shogren and Ben White (1997): Environmental Economics in Theory
and Practice, Macmillan India Ltd. London.
5) Rajalakshmi, N. and Dhulasi Birundha (1994): Environomics, Economic Analysis of
Environment, Allied Publishers, Ahmedabad.
6) Sankaran, S. (1994): Environmental Economics, Margham, Madras,Chennai.
7) Sengupta, R. P. (Ed.) (2001): Ecology and Economics: An Approach to Sustainable
Development, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
8) Shankar, U. (2001): Environmental Economics, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
9) Singh, G.N (Ed.) (1991): Environmental Economics, Mittal Publications, New Delhi.

14
Paper No. 9.1 (DSE 2/2) : Industrial Economics
Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to understand the various problems confronting the
entrepreneurs in the process of industrialization, to study the significance of industrialization in
the dynamic competitive economic systems; and to examine the of development and expansion of
major and small-scale industries.

Unit-I: Introduction to Industrial Economics

Meaning and Definition of Industrial Economics-Need for Industrialisation -Factors affecting
Industrialisation Industrial Location-Meaning. Location Theories-Weber and Sergeant Florence-
Factors affecting Location. Split in Location.

Unit-II: Productivity and Efficiency

Industrial Productivity and Efficiency-Meaning and Measurement of Productivity, Scope and
Significance of Productivity, Factors influencing Productivity, National Productivity Council.

Unit-III: Industrial Growth and Pattern

Classification of Industries; Role of Public and Private Sector;; Multinational Corporations and
Transfer of Technology. Liberalisation and Privatization, Issues in Industrial Pollution and
Environmental Preservation, Pollution Control Policies.

Unit-IV: Industrial Finance

Role, Nature, Value and Types of Institutional Finance; IDBI, IFCI, ICICI, SFCs, SIDBI, and
Commercial Banks, EXIM BANK and MUDRA.

Unit-IV: Current Problems of Selected Industries

Iron and Steel, Cotton Textiles, Jute Textiles, Sugar, Coal, Cement and Engineering Goods
Industries; Development of Small Scale and Cottage Industries in India ; (MSME‟s), make in
India Need for Skill Development.

References:
1) Ahluwalia, I. J. (1985): Industrial Growth in India, Stagnation in the Mid Sixties, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi.
2) Barthwal, R. R. (1985): Industrial Economics, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
3) Cherunilam, F. (1994): Industrial Economics: Indian Perspective (3rd Edition), Himalaya
Publishing House, Mumbai.
4) Dasai, B. (1999): Industrial Economy in India, (3rd Edition), Himalaya Publishing
House, Mumbai.
5) Divine, P.J. and R. M. Jones et.al. (1976): An Introduction to Industrial Economics,
George Allen and Unwin Ltd., London.
6) Hay, D. and D. J. Morris (1979): Industrial Economics: Theory and Evidence, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi.
7) Kuchhal, S.C. (1980): Industrial Economy of India, (5th Edition), Chaitanya Publishing
House, Allahabad.
8) Singh, A. and A.N. Sadhu (1988): Industrial Economics, Himalaya Publishing House,
Bombay.
15
Paper No. 10 (SEC 4) : Economics of Tourism

Objectives: The objectives of the paper are to examine the importance of tourism in national
economy, concepts of tourism, economic impact of tourists, tourism planning and policy for
sustainable tourism development.

Unit-I: Introduction to Economics of Tourism

Tourism: Definition- Meaning- Nature and Scope of Tourism, Tourism Development and
National Economy: Contribution to GDP-Importance of Tourism Industry in India and
Karnataka, Factors Influencing Growth and Development of International and National
Tourism.

Unit-II: Economic Impact of Tourist

Employment and Income Creation; Special Characteristics of Employment and Income
Generated by Tourism; Secondary Employment and Income, Tourism Multiplier- Limitations
of Tourism Multiplier.

Unit-III: Tourism Planning and Policy

Tourism Policy of the Government and Planning; Changing Dimensions of Tourism
Planning; Environmental Impact Analysis, Sustainable Tourism Development- Approaches to
Tourism Planning.

References:

1) Bhatia, A. K. (2012): Tourism Development: Principles and Practice, (Paperback),

Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2) Heinemann (2014): The Economics of Tourism Destination, Elsevier Butterworth,
Oxford.
3) Jenkins, Carson L. and Leonard J. Lickorish (1997): An Introduction to Tourism,
Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
4) Kotler, Philip T., John T. Bowen, James Makens and Seyhmus Baloglu (2016):
Marketing for Management & Hospitality and Tourism Marketing, Pearson.
6) Patel, S.G. (2015): Modern Market Research, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
7) Seth, P. N. (2006): Successful Tourism Management: Fundamentals of Tourism,
Sterling Publishing House, New Delhi.
8) Swain, Sampad Kumar and Jitendra Mohan Mishra (2011):Tourism: Principles and
Practices,(Paperback), Oxford University Press.
9) Vanhove, N. (2005): The Economics of Tourism Destinations: Theory , Elsevier
Butter worth, Oxford.

16
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER

....................... Semester B.A. Degree Examination 2020

Time 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Instruction to candidates:
1. Answer all the three sections
2. Draw the diagrams wherever necessary
3. Section D is Compulsory

SECTION-A

1. Answer any Five of the following Questions in one or two sentences 5X2=10

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

SECTION-B
Answer any Five of the following Questions 5X5= 25

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
SECTION-C
Answer any Two of the following Questions 2X15=30

9.
10.
11.
12.
SECTION-D
13. Caselet 15 Marks

17