“CULABA SHARSCREEN”
FIRST PAGE
MANANAONG
“Ang COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a highly contagious
disease, first detected in Wuhan, China in late 2019, and declared a
pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Iba-iba
ang effects nito sa tao; some people are asymptomatic, while others
experience severe illness like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing,
especially the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions. Maraming
deaths occurred, and the worst part is, it spreads very quickly, leading to
widespread infections. Most people infected with the virus will experience
mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special
treatment. However, some will become seriously ill and require medical
attention. Older people and those with underlying medical conditions like
cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, or cancer are
more likely to develop serious illness. Anyone can get sick with COVID-19
and become seriously ill or die at any age. To prevent transmission, it’s
crucial to be well-informed about the disease and how the virus spreads.
Protect yourself and others by maintaining at least 1 meter distance from
others, wearing a properly fitted mask, and frequently washing your hands or
using an alcohol-based rub. Get vaccinated when it’s your turn and follow
local guidelines. The virus spreads from an infected person’s mouth or nose
through small liquid particles when they cough, sneeze, speak, sing, or
breathe. These particles range from larger respiratory droplets to smaller
aerosols. It is important to practice respiratory etiquette, like coughing into a
flexed elbow, and to stay home and self-isolate until you recover if you feel
unwell.
The origin of COVID-19 is highly likely zoonotic, meaning galing sa hayop at tumalon sa
tao. Think of it like a virus existing in an animal, then biglang lumipat sa tao. Possible
sources include bats, or other animals that carried the virus, pero hanggang ngayon,
numerous studies are ongoing, and wala pang tiyak na sagot. COVID-19 first appeared
on a small scale in November 2019, parang unti-unting nagpakita, then a large cluster
appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019. There, it was initially believed that
SARS-CoV-2 originated in the “wet markets,” yung mga palengke na may mga buhay
na hayop at sariwang produkto. Due to globalization, or yung pagiging konektado ng
buong mundo, it spread rapidly. Imagine, many people travel, maraming nag-aangkat
ng produkto from different countries. That's why it quickly reached various corners of the
globe. As COVID-19 spread both inside and outside China, it infected people who had
no direct contact with animals. This meant human-to-human transmission was
happening, or tao-sa-tao. Its spread continued to the U.S. and around the world, like a
wildfire. Initially, the magnitude of the problem wasn't fully understood. Parang hindi
agad na-grasp yung seriousness ng situation. Information sharing was slow, parang
hindi agad nag-communicate ng tama. The implementation of health measures like
quarantine and masking was also slow. Due to the dense population in cities, or yung
dense population, it spread even faster. Think of it, more people, more chances of
transmission, mas maraming chance na magkahawaan. And this worldwide
transmission led to the pandemic declaration on March 11, 2020, by the World Health
Organization, meaning the WHO recognized it as a global problem, meaning kinilala na
ng WHO na global problem na ito."
IMPACTS (3 KA PAGE, BASAHON UNA ANG NAA SA POWERPOINT
DIRITSO EXPLANATION)
JOAN
GAANO NGA BA KALALA ANG GINAWANG IMPACT NGA COVID 19, SO.
"Ang COVID-19 pandemic ay nagdulot ng malaking kawalan ng buhay sa buong mundo
at isang walang kaparis na hamon sa public health, food systems, at trabaho. Ang
economic at social disruption na dulot ng pandemic ay devastating: tens of millions of
people are at risk of falling into extreme poverty, at ang bilang ng undernourished
people, na tinatayang halos 690 million, ay maaaring tumaas ng hanggang 132 million
sa katapusan ng taon.
Millions of enterprises face an existential threat. Halos kalahati ng 3.3 billion global
workforce ay at risk of losing their livelihoods. Ang informal economy workers ay
particularly vulnerable dahil karamihan ay walang social protection at access to quality
health care at nawalan ng access to productive assets. Without the means to earn an
income during lockdowns, maraming hindi makakain. For most, no income means no
food, or less food and less nutritious food.
INDONG
The pandemic has been affecting the entire food system at inilantad ang fragility nito.
Border closures, trade restrictions, at confinement measures ay pumipigil sa farmers na
maka-access sa markets, including for buying inputs and selling their produce, at sa
agricultural workers na mag-harvest ng crops, thus disrupting domestic and
international food supply chains at nagbabawas ng access to healthy, safe at diverse
diets. The pandemic has decimated jobs at inilagay ang millions of livelihoods at risk.
Habang nawawalan ng trabaho, nagkakasakit, at namamatay ang breadwinners, ang
food security at nutrition ng millions of women and men ay threatened, with those in
low-income countries, particularly the most marginalized populations, including small-
scale farmers and indigenous peoples, being hardest hit.
BAGUIO
Millions of agricultural workers – waged and self-employed – while feeding the world,
regularly face high levels of working poverty, malnutrition, at poor health, at nagsu-
suffer from a lack of safety and labour protection as well as other types of abuse. With
low and irregular incomes at a lack of social support, marami sa kanila ay napipilitang
magpatuloy sa pagtatrabaho, often in unsafe conditions, thus exposing themselves and
their families to additional risks. Further, when experiencing income losses, they may
resort to negative coping strategies, such as distress sale of assets, predatory loans, or
child labour. Migrant agricultural workers are particularly vulnerable, because they face
risks in their transport, working, at living conditions at nahihirapang maka-access sa
support measures put in place by governments. Guaranteeing the safety and health of
all agri-food workers – from primary producers to those involved in food processing,
transport, and retail, including street food vendors – as well as better incomes and
protection, will be critical to saving lives at protecting public health, people’s livelihoods,
and food security.
CONSOLASCION
In the COVID-19 crisis food security, public health, at employment and labour issues, in
particular workers’ health and safety, converge. Adhering to workplace safety and
health practices at ensuring access to decent work and the protection of labour rights in
all industries will be crucial in addressing the human dimension of the crisis. Immediate
and purposeful action to save lives and livelihoods should include extending social
protection towards universal health coverage at income support for those most affected.
These include workers in the informal economy at in poorly protected and low-paid jobs,
including youth, older workers, at migrants. Particular attention must be paid to the
situation of women, who are over-represented in low-paid jobs at care roles. Different
forms of support are key, including cash transfers, child allowances at healthy school
meals, shelter at food relief initiatives, support for employment retention at recovery, at
financial relief for businesses, including micro, small, at medium-sized enterprises. In
designing at implementing such measures it is essential that governments work closely
with employers at workers.
CANDONGO
TIMELINE
Late 2019
December 12, 2019
A cluster of patients in China’s Hubei Province, in the city of Wuhan, begin to
experience the symptoms of an atypical pneumonia-like illness that does not
respond well to standard treatments.
December 31, 2019
The World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office in China is informed of
several cases of a pneumonia of unknown etiology (cause) with symptoms
including shortness of breath and fever occurring in Wuhan, China. All initial
cases seem connected to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market.
Early 2020
January1, 2020
The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan is closed amid worries in
China of a reprise of the 2002–2004 SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome Coronavirus or SARS-CoV-1) outbreak.
January 2, 2020
WHO activates its Incident Management Support Team (IMST) across all three
organizational levels: Country Office, Regional Office, and Headquarters.
January 3, 2020
China informs WHO that they have identified over 40 cases of pneumonia of
unknown etiology.
January 5, 2020
CDC’s National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD)
activates a center-level response to investigate this novel pneumonia of
unknown etiology.
The genetic sequence for the atypical pneumonia virus, Wuhan-Hu-1, is
submitted to the Department of Zoonoses, National Institute of
Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
Control and Prevention, in Beijing, China by Yong-Zhen Zhang of Fudan
University, Shanghai. The complete genetic sequence of the virus remains
unavailable to the rest of the world as the virus spreads.
January 7, 2020
Public health officials in China identify a novel coronavirus as the causative
agent of the outbreak.
CDC establishes an incident management structure to guide their response
to the novel coronavirus by following the preparedness plan for developing
tests and managing cases made for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
Coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
REDUCTO
In January 10, 2020 naman
WHO begins using the phrase “2019 Novel Coronavirus” or “2019-nCoV” to
refer to disease causing the outbreak in Wuhan, China.
CDC publishes information about the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
outbreak caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus on its website.
Edward C. Holmes of the University of Sydney, Australia posts online that the
viral genome sequence of the unknown pneumonia causing the outbreak in
Wuhan has been uploaded to GenBank as “Wuhan-Hu-1” (MN908947) and
will be released shortly. He does so on behalf of Yong-Zhen Zhang of Fudan
University, Shanghai in collaboration with the Shanghai School of Public
Health, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and
Technology, the Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the
National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese
Center for Disease Control, and the University of Sydney. Hours later, Holmes
and Zhang publish the sequence.
GROMONTIL
January 11, 2020
WHO tweets that it has received the genetic sequences of the novel
coronavirus from China and expects that the information will shortly become
publicly available.
CDC updates its Travel Health Notice (THN) system for persons traveling to
Wuhan, China to Level 1 or “practice usual precautions.”
China reports the first death from the novel coronavirus and publishes a draft
genome of the newly discovered coronavirus suspected of causing the
outbreak. By January 12, 2020, four other genomes have been uploaded to
the viral sequence database curated by the Global Initiative on Sharing All
Influenza Data (GISAID).
January 13, 2020
The Thailand Ministry of Public Health confirms the first laboratory-confirmed
case of the SARS-CoV-2 virus outside of China.
January 14, 2020
WHO finds evidence of possible human-to-human transmission of the SARS-
CoV-2 virus, but WHO scientists say that human-to-human transmission is
not surprising given our knowledge of respiratory pathogens.
DACULLO
January 15, 2020
The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare reports an additional
laboratory-confirmed case of the SARS-CoV-2 virus outside of China.
January 17, 2020
CDC begins screening passengers for symptoms of the 2019 Novel
Coronavirus on direct and connecting flights from Wuhan, China to San
Francisco, California, New York City, New York, and Los Angeles, California
and plans to expand screenings to other major airports in the U.S.
January 19, 2020
Worldwide, 282 laboratory-confirmed cases of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus
have been reported in four countries: China (278 cases), Thailand (2 cases),
Japan (1 case) and the Republic of Korea (1 case).
January 20, 2020
CDC reports the first laboratory-confirmed case of the 2019 Novel
Coronavirus in the U.S. from samples taken on January 18 in Washington
state and on the same day activates its Emergency Operations Center (EOC)
to respond to the emerging outbreak.
January 21, 2020
CDC artists Alissa Eckert and Dan Higgins create “an identity” for the SARS-
CoV-2 virus by designing the red and white virus.
SILAGAN
RESPONSE
Explanation: “Good afternoon, sir, and classmates. Sa slide na ito, mas
detalyado nating tatalakayin kung ano-ano ang mga actions na ginawa ng
iba’t ibang bansa para labanan ang COVID-19. Iba-iba kasi ang diskarte nila,
depende sa kanilang sitwasyon at resources. Una, may mga nag-lockdown,
na nangangahulugang mahigpit na pagbabawal sa paglabas ng bahay
maliban sa essential na pangangailangan, at sarado ang maraming negosyo.
Ang layunin nito ay mapigilan ang pagkalat ng virus sa pamamagitan ng
pagbabawas ng physical contact. Pangalawa, may mga nagpatupad ng social
distancing, kung saan kailangan laging may layo sa isa’t isa, kadalasan isang
metro, para mabawasan ang tsansa ng hawaan. Pangatlo, may mga nag-test
at nag-contact tracing. Ang testing ay para malaman kung sino ang may
virus, at ang contact tracing ay para alamin kung sino ang mga naka-close
contact nila para sila rin ay ma-test at ma-isolate kung kinakailangan. Iba-iba
rin ang naging epekto ng mga aksyon na ito. May mga bansang mas
epektibo ang lockdown dahil sa disiplina ng kanilang mga mamamayan at sa
kakayahan ng gobyerno na magbigay ng suporta, pero may mga bansang
hindi masyado dahil sa kawalan ng sapat na resources o sa hindi pagsunod
ng mga tao. Ang pagte-test at contact tracing ay mahalaga para mapigilan
ang pagkalat ng virus sa pamamagitan ng pagtukoy at paghiwalay sa mga
infected, pero hindi lahat ng bansa ay may sapat na kapasidad para gawin
ito nang malawakan dahil sa kakulangan sa test kits, trained personnel, o
infrastructure. Ang mga kampanya sa bakuna ay mahalaga para mabawasan
ang malubhang sakit at pagkamatay, at para makamit ang herd immunity,
pero hindi lahat ng tao ay gustong magpabakuna. May mga nag-hesitate
dahil sa misinformation, kakulangan sa impormasyon, o takot sa side effects.
Nagbigay rin ng mga tulong pinansyal ang mga gobyerno sa kanilang mga
mamamayan, tulad ng cash assistance o wage subsidies, pero iba-iba ang
laki at epekto nito sa ekonomiya at sa kabuhayan ng mga tao. Ang
kooperasyon ng mga bansa ay mahalaga para malutas ang pandemya sa
pamamagitan ng pagbabahagi ng impormasyon, resources, at best practices,
pero madalas hindi consistent o nagkakaisa ang lahat dahil sa magkakaibang
interes at priorities.”
JOAN
STRENGTH
Explanation: “Sa slide na ito, titingnan natin ang mga positibong nangyari sa
gitna ng pandemya. Sa kabila ng mga problema at paghihirap, may mga
magagandang bagay din na nangyari na nagpakita ng resilience at
innovation. Una, mabilis na nabuo at naipamahagi ang mga bakuna sa
рекорд time, na nagpabago sa takbo ng pandemya. Dahil dito, maraming
tao ang protektado laban sa malubhang sakit, hospitalization, at kamatayan.
Pangalawa, dumami ang kooperasyon ng mga siyentipiko sa buong mundo.
Nagbahagi sila ng mga impormasyon, research findings, at data nang mas
mabilis at mas malawak kaysa dati, at nagtulungan para makahanap ng
solusyon sa pamamagitan ng joint research projects at clinical trials.
Pangatlo, nag-adapt ang mga ospital at healthcare systems sa pamamagitan
ng paggamit ng telemedicine para sa remote consultations, pagdadagdag ng
kapasidad sa pamamagitan ng field hospitals at repurposing ng mga
pasilidad, at pagpapabuti ng infection control protocols. Pang-apat, dumami
ang kaalaman ng publiko tungkol sa kalinisan at pagkalat ng sakit. Mas
naging aware tayo sa proper hygiene practices tulad ng regular
handwashing, wearing of masks, at respiratory etiquette, na nakatulong hindi
lamang sa pagpigil sa COVID-19 kundi pati na rin sa iba pang mga sakit.”
REDUCTO
PRACTICES
Explanation: “Dito naman natin tatalakayin ang mga challenges na kinaharap
natin at ang mga best practices na lumabas sa panahon ng pandemya.
Maraming hamon ang kinaharap natin na nagpahirap sa paglaban sa virus.
Una, ang maling impormasyon at ayaw magpabakuna. Maraming kumakalat
na fake news tungkol sa COVID-19, sa pinagmulan nito, sa mga bakuna, at sa
mga health protocols, kaya maraming tao ang natatakot magpabakuna o
sumunod sa mga patakaran. Pangalawa, ang hindi pantay na access sa
bakuna at serbisyong medikal. Mas apektado ang mga mahihirap,
marginalized communities, at developing countries, dahil wala silang sapat
na pera, resources, o infrastructure para magpagamot o makakuha ng
bakuna. Pangatlo, ang pagbalanse ng kalusugan ng publiko sa
pangangailangan ng ekonomiya at lipunan. Mahirap magdesisyon kung ano
ang mas importante, ang kalusugan o ang ekonomiya, lalo na sa mga
bansang may mahinang ekonomiya at maraming nagugutom. Pang-apat, ang
paglitaw ng mga bagong variants ng virus. Patuloy na nagbabago ang virus,
kaya kailangan natin mag-adapt sa pamamagitan ng pag-develop ng bagong
bakuna o treatment, at pagpapatupad ng mas mahigpit na health measures.
Pero sa kabila ng mga hamon na ito, may mga magagandang paraan din na
lumabas na naging epektibo sa paglaban sa pandemya. Una, ang malinaw at
consistent na komunikasyon mula sa mga awtoridad. Mahalaga na malinaw
ang impormasyon na ibinibigay sa publiko tungkol sa virus, sa mga health
protocols, at sa mga benepisyo ng bakuna, at na consistent ang mensahe
para hindi malito ang mga tao. Pangalawa, ang evidence-based na mga
hakbang pangkalusugan. Dapat base sa siyentipikong ebidensya at data ang
mga desisyon at patakaran, at dapat regular itong i-evaluate at i-update
kung kinakailangan. Pangatlo, ang investment sa healthcare infrastructure.
Dapat maglaan ng sapat na pondo para sa mga ospital, mga laboratoryo,
mga healthcare workers, at iba pang pasilidad pangkalusugan para maging
handa sa anumang krisis pangkalusugan. Pang-apat, ang kooperasyon ng
mga bansa. Dapat magtulungan ang mga bansa sa pagbabahagi ng
impormasyon, resources, at best practices, at sa pagsuporta sa mga
bansang nangangailangan.”
MANANAONG
Gaps in Policy
Explanation: “Sa huling bahagi, titingnan natin kung ano ang mga
kakulangan sa mga patakaran na nagdulot ng mas malalang epekto ng
pandemya, at kung ano ang dapat gawin para matugunan ang mga ito.
Maraming kakulangan sa mga patakaran na nagdulot ng mas malalang
epekto ng pandemya. Una, ang kakulangan ng pandemic preparedness sa
maraming bansa. Hindi handa ang mga bansa para sa ganitong kalaking
problema dahil sa kakulangan sa plano, resources, at coordination.
Pangalawa, ang hindi sapat na investment sa public health infrastructure.
Kulang ang mga ospital, mga doktor, at mga nurses sa maraming lugar, lalo
na sa mga rural at underserved communities, kaya nahirapan ang healthcare
system na tumugon sa surge ng mga pasyente. Pangatlo, ang mahinang
international coordination mechanisms. Hindi nagtutulungan ang mga bansa
para labanan ang pandemya dahil sa nationalism, political differences, at
kakulangan sa global governance. Pang-apat, ang hindi pantay na
distribution ng resources. Mas apektado ang mga mahihirap, marginalized
communities, at developing countries, dahil wala silang sapat na access sa
testing, treatment, at bakuna.”
What Could Have Been Done Better
Explanation: “Sa slide na ito, tatalakayin natin ang mga bagay na maaaring
mas maayos na nagawa ng mga gobyerno, mga organisasyon, at mga
indibidwal para mas maging epektibo ang paglaban sa pandemya. Mas
mabilis na pag-aksyon: Kung mas mabilis na nag-lockdown ang ilang bansa
noong unang bahagi ng pandemya, maaaring mas napigilan ang pagkalat ng
virus at mas kaunti ang namatay. Mas malawakang testing at contact
tracing: Kung mas maraming tao ang na-test, lalo na ang mga
asymptomatic, mas madaling matunton at maihiwalay ang mga may sakit, at
mas mapipigilan ang community transmission. Mas epektibong
komunikasyon: Kung mas malinaw, mas consistent, at mas transparent ang
mensahe ng mga awtoridad tungkol sa virus, sa mga health protocols, at sa
mga benepisyo ng bakuna, mas maraming tao ang magtitiwala at susunod
sa mga patakaran. Mas maagang paghahanda ng healthcare system: Kung
mas handa ang mga ospital sa dami ng pasyente, sa pamamagitan ng
pagdagdag ng bed capacity, medical equipment, at healthcare workers, mas
maraming buhay ang nailigtas at mas nabawasan ang pressure sa mga
frontliners. Mas malakas na paglaban sa Misinformation: Kung mas aktibo
ang mga gobyerno, social media platforms, at iba pang organisasyon sa
paglaban sa fake news at sa pag-promote ng accurate information, mas
maraming tao ang magtitiwala sa siyensya, sa bakuna, at sa mga health
protocols, at mas maiiwasan ang vaccine hesitancy.”
Comparison to Other Crises
Explanation: “Sa slide na ito, ihahambing natin ang COVID-19 sa iba pang
mga krisis na naranasan natin sa kasaysayan, para mas maunawaan natin
ang unique characteristics at impact nito. Kung ikukumpara sa Spanish Flu
noong 1918, na isa ring respiratory pandemic, mas mabilis ang pag-develop
ng bakuna ngayon dahil sa advancements sa medical technology, pero mas
mabilis din ang pagkalat ng impormasyon (at misinformation) dahil sa social
media at global connectivity, na nagdulot ng infodemic. Kung ikukumpara sa
financial crisis noong 2008, mas malaki ang epekto ng COVID-19 sa
ekonomiya sa maraming bansa dahil sa malawakang lockdowns, travel
restrictions, at disruption ng supply chains, na nagresulta sa pagkawala ng
trabaho, pagbagsak ng negosyo, at pagtaas ng kahirapan. Iba sa mga
natural disasters tulad ng bagyo o lindol dahil ang COVID-19 ay may
prolonged na epekto na tumagal ng ilang taon, at nangangailangan ng
pangmatagalang pagbabago sa behavior at pamumuhay ng mga tao, tulad
ng social distancing, mask-wearing, at frequent handwashing.”
Recommendations
Explanation: “Sa huling slide, magbibigay tayo ng mga rekomendasyon para
sa hinaharap, batay sa mga natutunan natin sa pandemya. Palakasin ang
public health infrastructure: Dapat maglaan ng mas maraming pondo para sa
pagtatayo ng mas maraming ospital, pag-train ng mas maraming healthcare
workers, pagpapabuti ng laboratory capacity, at pagsuporta sa medical
research para mas maging handa tayo sa susunod na krisis pangkalusugan.
Magkaroon ng mas mahigpit na international cooperation: Dapat
magtulungan ang mga bansa sa pagbabahagi ng impormasyon tungkol sa
mga bagong variants, sa pag-develop at pamamahagi ng bakuna at gamot,
at sa pagsuporta sa mga bansang may mahinang healthcare system.
Labanan ang misinformation: Dapat maglunsad ng mga kampanya ang mga
gobyerno at iba pang organisasyon para itama ang maling impormasyon
tungkol sa kalusugan, i-promote ang health literacy sa pamamagitan ng
pagtuturo sa mga tao kung paano mag-evaluate ng health information, at
magtrabaho kasama ang social media platforms para tanggalin ang fake
news. Maghanda para sa future pandemics: Dapat bumuo ng mga plano ang
mga bansa para sa mabilis na pag-aksyon sa susunod na krisis, kasama na
ang maagang detection system, stockpiling ng essential supplies, at regular
na simulation exercises. Tiyakin ang Pantay na Access: Dapat siguruhin na
lahat ng tao, mayaman o mahirap, ay may access sa quality healthcare, sa
bakuna, sa gamot, at sa accurate information, nang walang diskriminasyon.”
