Name:____________________________________________________
Structure of a flower
Label the diagram below:
Anther
Stigma
Filament
Style
Ovary
Petal
Ovule
Sepal
Complete the word fill exercise below and table on the next sheet:
The male part of the flower is called the stamen consists of the anther and
filament. The female part of the flower is called the pistil consists of the ovary,
stigma and style. The male gamete is made in the anther and is found inside
the pollen grain. The female gamete is found in the ovary and is called an
ovule.
Biology IGCSE: Plant Reproduction 1
Name:____________________________________________________
Flower Part Function
Petals
Anther
Filament
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Ovules
Nectary
Sepals
Stamen
Carpel
Biology IGCSE: Plant Reproduction 2
Name:____________________________________________________
Pollination:
What is pollination:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
There are two mechanisms for pollination: wind and insect. Flowers are
adapted to suit the mechanism by which they are pollinated.
Identify which flower illustrated below is wind-pollinated and which is insect-
pollinated:
________________ ________________
Name three flowers that are insect-pollinated:
_____________________________________________________________________
Give an example of a type of plant that is wind-pollinated:
Biology IGCSE: Plant Reproduction 3
Name:____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Complete the table below by describing how each part of the flower is
adapted for wind or insect-pollination:
Flower part Insect-pollinated Wind-pollinated
Petals
Nectary
Scent
Stigma
Stamen
Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Biology IGCSE: Plant Reproduction 4
Name:____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Why is it preferable for a plant to encourage cross-pollination rather than self-
pollination?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Explain the methods used by plants to encourage cross-pollination (you can
refer to the diagrams in the previous page and below in your answer).
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Biology IGCSE: Plant Reproduction 5
Name:____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Fertilisation
What stimulates the pollen tube to grow? ________________________
___________________________________________________________
Why do pollen grains only produce tubes in flowers of their own species?
___________________________________________________________
Explain how the pollen tube grows down through the style:___________
___________________________________________________________
How does the male gamete in flowers differ to the animal male gamete?
___________________________________________________________
When does fertilisation occur?__________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Biology IGCSE: Plant Reproduction 6
Name:____________________________________________________
What type of division occurs to produce an embryo plant from the diploid
zygote formed after fertilisation?
___________________________________________________________
Seed dispersal
What part of the flower develops into a seed?
___________________________________________________________
How does the seed become dormant?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Why do seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent plant?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
What are the four mechanisms for seed dispersal?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Biology IGCSE: Plant Reproduction 7
Name:____________________________________________________
For each of the seeds shown state its mechanism for seed dispersal and
describe the adaptations that are suited to the mechanism
Name of plant Diagram of seed Seed dispersal Adaptations
mechanism
Lupin mechanical Dries unevenly
and splits open
with force
shooting the
seeds outwards
Backberry
Burdock
Sycamore
Coconut
Biology IGCSE: Plant Reproduction 8
Name:____________________________________________________
Key words to help: animal, water, wind, hooks, wings, hollow, light,
fruit, bright colour, waterproof case
Seed germination
Label the diagram:
What are the:
a) Cotyledons:_______________________________________________
b) Plumule:_________________________________________________
c) Radicle:__________________________________________________
d) Testa:____________________________________________________
e) Micropyle:________________________________________________
Why is it important for water to enter the seed?_____________________
Biology IGCSE: Plant Reproduction 9
Name:____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
What is meant by the term dry mass?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Explain why the dry mass changes at points X and Y in the graph below:
Dry mass/g X Y
Days
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Biology IGCSE: Plant Reproduction 10
Name:____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Summarise the experiment results below to explain what conditions are
required for seed germination:
Pyrogallol (absorbs oxygen)
No light
Oxygen Oxygen Oxygen Oxygen
present present present present
No
oxygen
moist dry moist moist moist
4oC Warm Warm Warm Warm
A B C D E
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Biology IGCSE: Plant Reproduction 11
Name:____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Biology IGCSE: Plant Reproduction 12
