Confined Space Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA)
Confined spaces present unique safety challenges due to their limited entry/exit points,
potential for hazardous atmospheres, and risk of engulfment. A thorough HIRA is crucial to
ensure safe work practices in these environments.
Here's a breakdown of a Confined Space HIRA in full details:
1. Pre-HIRA Planning
● Assemble a Team: Involve personnel with expertise in confined space work, the specific job
being performed, and risk assessment methodologies.
● Gather Information: Collect details about the confined space (dimensions, access points,
ventilation), the planned work activity, and any hazardous materials potentially present.
● Review Regulations: Ensure compliance with relevant confined space safety regulations
(e.g., OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146).
2. Hazard Identification
● Brainstorming Session: The team systematically identifies all potential hazards associated
with the confined space and the work activity. This could include:
○ Atmospheric Hazards: Oxygen deficiency, flammable/toxic gases, dust/fumes
○ Engulfment Hazards: Flowing liquids/solids, grain/sand, unstable materials
○ Structural Hazards: Falling objects, electrical hazards, improper ventilation
○ Ergonomic Hazards: Awkward postures, restricted movement, fatigue
○ Other Hazards: Extreme temperatures, noise, biological hazards
● Documenting Hazards: List each identified hazard, its location/source, and the potential
severity of its consequences (e.g., minor injury, fatality).
3. Risk Assessment
● Likelihood of Occurrence: For each hazard, estimate the likelihood of it occurring. This
could be rated as High, Medium, Low, or Very Low based on past incidents, similar work
activities, and the effectiveness of existing controls.
● Severity of Consequences: Consider the potential consequences (injury, illness, fatality) if
the hazard occurs. Rate the severity as High, Medium, or Low.
● Risk Rating Matrix: Using a risk matrix that combines likelihood and severity, assign a risk
rating (e.g., High, Medium, Low) to each hazard. This helps prioritize which hazards require
the most attention for control measures.
4. Control Measures
● Eliminate Hazards: If possible, eliminate the hazard entirely (e.g., using remote-controlled
equipment instead of personnel entry).
● Engineering Controls: Implement engineering controls to reduce the risk, such as improved
ventilation systems, explosion-proof equipment, or fall protection systems.
● Administrative Controls: Establish safe work procedures, permit systems, training
programs, and communication protocols to minimize risks.
● Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Provide appropriate PPE such as respiratory
protection, body harnesses, and flame-retardant clothing as a last line of defense.
5. Documentation and Communication
● HIRA Report: Document the entire HIRA process, including identified hazards, risk ratings,
and the control measures implemented.
● Pre-Entry Briefing: Communicate the HIRA findings and safe work procedures to all
personnel involved in the confined space entry.
● Permit System: Implement a permit system to authorize entry into the confined space,
ensuring all safety measures are in place before work begins.
6. Monitoring and Review
● Continual Monitoring: Monitor the confined space environment and work activities
throughout the entry to ensure continued safety.
● HIRA Review: Periodically review the HIRA, especially if the work process or confined space
conditions change.
By following this comprehensive HIRA approach, organizations can create a safer work
environment for confined space entries. Remember, a successful HIRA is an ongoing process
that requires continuous improvement and adaptation.
