Section III - Reasoning
Section III - Reasoning
Nat ional T es t in g Ag e nc y
General Test
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Reasoning
Table of Content
S Page
Chapter Title
No. No.
2 Analogy 10
3 Classification 15
4 Coding - Decoding 18
5 Blood Relation 25
7 Series 39
9 Seating Arrangement 51
10 Syllogism 58
11 Venn Diagram 65
12 Counting of Figures 71
14 Clock 79
15 Calendar 84
18 Figure Formation 98
1
4. Finding the Position Order of Letters by our left, is the left of those other letters.
EJOTY and CFILORUX like -
from Left
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
On the left
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
On the right
From Left
Question Types
Type-I Questions Based on Alphabet Test
1. The position of the letters in the direct
sequence shall be -
(a) F (b) Q
(c) U (d) V
Ans. (d)
Solution - As per question
3. Position of letters in the first half of the 4. Position of letters in reverse order of
reverse order multiple letter segments
Under this, the first half of the letters of Example - 4
the English alphabet i.e. letters from A to If the first four letters of the English
M are written in reverse order and the alphabet are written in reverse order,
remaining half of the letters are written then 5 letters also in reverse order, again
as they are. 6 letters also in reverse order, 5 letters
also in reverse order, again 6 letters also
Example - 3 in reverse order, again If 7 letters are also
If the first half of the English alphabet is written in reverse order and remaining
written in reverse order, then which letters are also written in reverse order,
letter will be to the left and seventh then which letter will be the seventh
letter of the tenth letter from your right? letter to the left of the eighth letter from
(a) C (b) E the right?
(c) D (d) J (a) O (b) L
(c) N (d) M
Ans. (c) Ans. (d)
3
6. Same position of letters when arranged
alphabetically -
Example - If each letter in the word
CADMP is arranged alphabetically, then
the positions of how many letters will
remain unchanged.
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
Ans. (c)
Solution
As per question,
Example - 7
How many such pairs of letters are there in
the given word EXECUTION, which have as
many letters between them in the word as
there are between them in the English
alphabet ?
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) more than 3
Ans. (d)
Hence, the eighth letter from the left is H Solution – According to question
and the seventh letter from the right is T
and there are 11 letters in between these So the required letter pair is UX, TU EI and
two. NO i.e. 4.
4
Type - 3 Word Formation and Alphabet
Arrangement
(i) Changing the letters of a meaningful
word
Example - 8 If the letters of the first and
second, third and fourth, fifth and sixth
and so on are interchanged in the words,
New word SEAL = SALE, SEAL = 2
then what will be the tenth letter when
Meaningful word Two meaningful words
counted from its right?
formed from it are SALE and SEAL, so
(a) T (b) N
option Y will be correct.
(c) U (d) A
Ans. (b)
Example – 10 How many meaningful
Solution - The word formed by
words with four or more letters can be
interchanging the letters of the given
formed from the letters of the word
word COMMUNICATIONS
DIALOGUE ?
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 8
the right
Solution - words with four or more
letters can be formed from the letters of
(ii) Making meaningful words from selected DIALOGUE.
/ consecutive letters of a semi-complete For Example -
word DIAL, GOAL, GOAD, GILD, GLUE, GUILD,
Example – 9 If anyone meaningful word LOUD, GUIDE, GUILE etc.
can be formed from the first, third, fifth
and eighth letters of the word SHARE (iii) Arrange the following numbers of
HOLDING, then what will be its second different letters in such a way that a
letter? If no such word can be formed, meaningful word is formed.
give the answer 'X' and if more than one
word can be formed, give the answer 'Y Example - 11
Arrange the numbers of different letters
(a) L (b) E (c) S given below in such a way that a
(d) X (e) Y meaningful word is formed.
Ans. (e) G T A E N M
Solution - The word given according to 1 2 3 4 5 6
the question, (a) 1, 3 , 2, 6, 4, 5 (b) 6, 3, 5, 1, 4, 2
(c) 1, 3, 2, 5, 4, 6 (d) 6, 3, 1, 5, 4, 2
Ans. (d)
5
Solution - On arranging the given letters Solution -
in a meaningful order, the word
MAGNET is formed which is obtained by
arranging the numbers in the order 6, 3,
1, 5, 4, 2.
So in the EGIKM letter-pair, one letter is
Type - 4 Letter Group Based Questions missed between every two letters.
Under this, some groups of three or four
Example - 14 English letters are in the
letters are given in the questions asked. The
reverse order of the alphabet.
answer is to be found by arranging these
(a) ABCDE (b) ZYXWV
letter groups according to the instructions
(c) KLMNO (d) PQRST
given in the question.
Ans. (b)
Solution
Example – 12
If the letter S is put before them in all the
given words, then how many words in the
new arrangement will make meaningful
English words? Hence, the letter pair Z Y X W V is in the
(a) Only SHE b) ANT and JUG opposite order of the alphabet.
(c) Only OLD (d) TIN and JUG
(e) Only TIN Example with Solution
Ans. (c) 1. Which letter is exactly between the
Solution - The following is the word in the letters J and T in the English alphabet?
new arrangement. (a) N (b) O
SHE, SOLD, SANT, STIN, SJUG (c) P (d) Q
Hence in the given words, the letter S is (e) None of the letter
preceded by only one meaningful word Ans. (b)
SOLD. Solution
4. If each vowel of the word DOMAINS is 6. What is the letter in the word
changed to the letter that follows it WASHINGTON, which when counted is
the same number as in the alphabet?
according to the English alphabet and
(a) N (b) T (c) O
each consonant is changed to the letter
(d) G
that precedes it according to the English
Ans. (d)
alphabet and then all the letters are
Solution – According to question
alphabetically (from left to left) right),
then which of the following will be at the
third position from the right in the
sequence so formed?
So required letter = G
(a) J (b) C 7. A set of letters is assigned a number to
(c) P (d) M (e) B each. Putting them in a meaningful
Ans. (d) order, select the correct sequence from
the letters of the given answers.
Solution Y M L O S B C I
Given word DOMAI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
NS (a) 47685321 (b) 51264387
Changing the vowel D P M B J (c) 21645387 (d) 56241387
NS Ans. (b)
7
Solution - By rearranging the letters of Y Solution - The rule given in series A is
M L O S B C I, the word S Y M B O L I C being followed.
will be formed. So the correct order is 5
1 2 6 4 3 8 7.
8
Q. 7 COMMUNICATION Q. 12 From the following alternatives,
(a) ACTION (b) UNION select the word which cannot be
(c) NATION (d) UNISON formed using the letters of the given
word.
Q. 8 TRANSLATION COMPLIMENTARY
(a) TRANSIT (b) TRANSMIT (a) TRIM (b) TRAPS
(c) RATION (d) NATION (c) PRIME (d) TRAIN
Q. 9 TECHNOLOGICAL
Q. 13 From the following alternatives,
(a) LOGIC (b) LOAN
select the word which cannot be
(c) HATER (d) COLOGNE
formed using the letters of the given
word.
Q. 10 EXAMINATION
PROMINENT
(a) MINE (b) TIME
(a) TONE (b) MINE
(c) SAME (d) NOTE
(c) PROPS (d) MORE
Answer Key
Directions - Find out the related words from the alternatives given below.
Q.1 (d) Q.2 (d) Q.3 (c) Q.4 (a)
Q.5 (c) Q.6 (d) Q.7 (d) Q.8 (d)
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2 Analogy
CHAPTER
Similarity or similarity is the relation or (ii) Finding the identical pair :- In the
similarity of any object, word, letter, number questions that come under this, two
to any other object, word, letter, number words are given, which are related to
with quality, form, shape, type, character, etc. each other in some way. Exactly the
Generally, these types of questions are same type of relation is also in any one
asked under analogy. of the options given below.
Type 1 - Hindi word Analogy Example - 3
Under this, considering the relation of Hindi Select the related word pair from the
words given in the questions asked, one has given alternatives.
to find such a word from the given answer Preamble : Constitution : : ? : ?
options, whose relation can be established (A) Word : dictionary
with the given words or with the third word. (B) Theme : Magazine
(i) Finding similar words: - Considering (C) Explanation : Poem
the relation of two words given in the (D) Introduction : Book
questions asked under this, one has to Ans. (D)
find such word from the answer Solution:- Just as there is a preamble of
options, whose relation is established the constitution, in the same way there
with the given third word. is a preamble of the book.
Example - 1 (iii) Choosing similar words and special
Select the related word from the given classes for similar words
alternatives. Some words are given in the questions
River : Stream : : Ocean : ? coming under it. You have to choose a
(A) Current (B) Pond word from the given alternatives which
(C) Dam (D) Sea is exactly same as the word given in the
Ans. (A) Current beginning and find the word which
Solution : Just as a stream originates shows the particularity among the
from the water of a river, in the same words given in the question.
way a current arises from the water of Example - 4
the ocean. Who is the same as - Earthquake,
Example - 2 cyclone, volcanic eruption
The way Colombo is related to Sri (A) Global heat
Lanka, in the same way Kathmandu is (B) Flood
related to? (C) Accidents
(A) Tibet (B) India (D) Nuclear explosion
(C) Bhutan (D) Nepal Ans. (B) Flood
Ans. (D) Nepal Solution: Just as earthquakes, cyclones
Solution :- Just as Colombo is the and volcanic eruptions are natural
capital of Sri Lanka, in the same way, disasters. Similarly, floods are also a
Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal. natural disaster.
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Example – 5 Solution:- Just as, beautiful and ugly are
Given below three words, which have opposite words of each other. Similarly,
some common features, select the peace and war are also opposite words
correct option. to each other.
Snake, lizard, crocodile
Type - 2 English Alphabets Analogy :-
(A) Reptiles (B)Mammals
The questions under this are based on
(C) Omnivores (D) Deer
letters or letter groups of the English
Ans. (A)
alphabet. After knowing the relationship of
Solution: Snake, Lizard and Crocodile
the first two letter-groups given in these
are all three reptiles.
questions, on this basis, the correct answer
Example – 6 for the third letter-group has to be found
Find the alternative which has the same
from the options.
relation as in all the three words given
below. Vowels and Consonants of English Letters :-
King, Queen, Palace Vowel Letters – A, E, I, O, U
(A) Pigeon, bird, dispensary Consonant Letter – B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L,
(B) Goat, goat, fort M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z
(C) Bumblebee, spider, water English alphabets their corresponding
(D) Lion, lioness, cave numbers :-
Ans. (D) English Alphabet A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Solution:- Just as both the king and Corresponding No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
queen reside together in the palace, in 13
the same way both the lion and the
(Word Not set in one row so font size 11 not
lioness reside together in the cave.
13)
(iv) Double Symmetry : - Under this, two
Example
words are given on the left and right of
CHAIR : RIAHC : : TABLE : ?
the symbol (::) in the question. Each
(A) BLAET (B) ETABL
word is missing in both the words.
(C) LETAB (D) ELBAT
The missing word has to be found from
Ans. (D)
the options given below.
Solution –
Example – 7 Like,
In the following question, find out the CHAIR RIAHC
missing word from the alternative given Similarly,
below TABLE ELBAT
A : Ugly : : Peace : B
(A) A - Beautiful, B - War Example - 9
(B) A – Friendship, B – Noise HORSE : SERHO : : CURSE : ?
(C) A – Honesty, B – Treaty (A) RCUES (B) SECRU
(D) A - Number, B – Strike (C) SERCU (D) ERCUS
Ans. (A) Ans. (C)
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Solution
12
Example – 14 Q.6 Movement : Required : : Effort : ?
Select the related number from the given (A) Personality (B) Motivation
alternatives. (C) Success (D) Probability
8 : 32 :: 6 : ?
Type – II
(A) 31 (B) 22
Direction - Find out the related number
(C) 18 (D) 21
from the alternatives given below.
Ans. (C)
Q.7 85 : 42 : : 139 : ?
Solution: Like 82 = 64
(A) 68 (B) 69
64 ÷ 2 = 32
(C) 70 (D) 67
Similarly, 62 = 36
Q.8 8 : 28 : : 27 : ?
36 ÷ 2 = 18
(A) 8 (B) 28
Example – 15 (C) 64 (D) 65
From the given alternatives, find the one Q.9 8 : 56 : : 9 : ?
which is similar to 10 : 13 : : 16. (A) 10 (B) 63
(A) 8 : 10 : 15 (B) 13 : 16 : 19 (C) 7 (D) 9
(C) 23 : 29 : 23 (D) 10 : 16 : 23 Q.10 8 : 512 :: 9 : ?
Ans. (B)
(A) 781 (B) 792
Solution: Like, 10 : 13 : : 16
(C) 729 (D) 728
+3 +3
Q.11 21 : 3 : : 574 : ?
Similarly, 13 + 16 + 19
(A) 113 (B) 23
+3 +3
(C) 97 (D) 82
(Analogy or Similarity) Q.12 100 : 121 : : 36 : ?
Type – I (A) 64 (B) 49
Directions - Find out the related words (C) 25 (D)16
from the alternatives given below. Type – III
Q.1 Virus : Chickenpox : : Bacteria : ?
Directions - Find out the related letters
(A) Chickenpox (B) Typhoid
from the alternatives given below.
(C) Malaria (D) Sleeping Disease
Q.13 AGMS : CIOU : : DJPV : ?
Q.2 Book : Shelf : : Clothes : ?
(A) BHNY (B) STUV
(A) Hanger (B) Cupboard
(C) FLRX (D) MNOP
(C) Wardrobe (D) Bureau
Q.3 Gramophone : Record : : Video : ? Q.14 CAT : DDY : : BIG : ?
(A) T.V. (B) Recording (A) CLL (B) CLM
(C) Cassette (D) Camera (C) CML (D) CEP
Q.4 Axe : Rip : : Path : ? Q.15 KMF : LLH : : RMS : ?
(A) Shear (B) Pull (A) SLR (B) SLU
(C) Ploughing (D) Knitting (C) SSU (D) SUS
Q.5 Bird : Feather : : Fish : ? Q.16 CEGI : RTVX : : IKMO : ?
(A) Gills (B) Scales (A) JKLNP (B) LNPR
(C) Tail (D) Pisces (C) MNPQ (D) DFHI
13
Q.17 ABCD : QRST : : BACD : ? Q.24 AIR : ZKO : : CAP : ?
(A) RQST (B) STQR (A) ACM (B) ABN
(C) QRST (D) RSTQ (C) BCM (D) BBN
Q.18 ACE : BDF : : MAQ : ? Q.25 NU : MF : : EH : ?
(A) BMW (B) NQP (A) IR (B) VS
(C) GT (D) DW
(C) NPR (D) BEF
Q.26 BAND : DCPF : : PUSY : ?
Q.19 BFG : EIJ : : RVW : ?
(A) GVTZ (B) HWTZ
(A) UWY (B) UYZ (C) GVUA (D) HWUA
(C) SWX (D) QUV Q.27 FAM : HBO : : LMP : ?
Q.20 STAR : TSRA : : ROSE : ? (A) MOR (B) NOR
(A) ORSE (B) ORES (C) NNR (D) MNR
(C) ESOR (D) SORE Q.28 AB : CD :: WX : ?
Q.21 ADIP : DGLS : : BEJQ : ? (A) AZ (B) YZ
(A) CGLS (B) EHMT (C) XM (D) PQ
(C) EJQU (D) FINU Q.29 OPQ : RST : : ABC : ?
(A) BCA (B) DMN
Q.22 EI : AE : : UO : ?
(C) DEF (D) ABD
(A) PK (B) QJ
Q.30 Select the option whose letters share
(C) PJ (D) QK
the same relationship as the pairs of
Q.23 GHP : FFM : : PIC : ? the given letters.
(A) OGZ (B) OHZ JT : NX
(C) NGA (D) NHA (A) TP : XT (B) RK : VG
(C) GS : KU (D) LD : PG
Answer Key
Type – I
Directions - Find out the related words from the alternatives given below.
Q.1 (B) Q.2 (C) Q.3 (C) Q.4 (D)
Q.5 (B) Q.6 (C)
Type – II
Q.7 (B) Q.8 (D) Q.9 (B) Q.10 (C)
Q.11 (D) Q.12 (B)
Type – III
Q.13 (C) Q.14 (C) Q.15 (B) Q.16 (B)
Q.17 (A) Q.18 (C) Q.19 (B) Q.20 (B)
Q.21 (B) Q.22 (D) Q.23 (A) Q.24 (C)
Q.25 (B) Q.26 (D) Q.27 (C) Q.28 (B)
Q.29 (C) Q.30 (A)
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