Rizal’s Higher Education and Life ● Jose Rizal boarded in a house
Abroad:First Travels to First onCarballo Street in Sta Cruz
Homecoming ● Jesuits trained the character of the
student by rigid discipline,humanities
Ateneo de Municipal Experience and religious instruction; where they
On his first day in Manila: incorporated physical culture as well
● Jose was accompanied by as the cultivation of arts and
PacianoTook the entrance established vocational courses in
examination of Colegiode San Juan agriculture,commerce and
de Letran and passed mechanics.
● Jose and Paciano returned to
Calamba. Jesuits Systems of Education
● Don Francisco who initially planned Students were divided into two groups:
forRizal to attend Letran changed his
mind and enrolled him in Ateneo. ● Roman Empire (Internos)
Paciano once again accompanied Jose to ● Carthaginian Empire(Externos)
Manila Where he enrolled at Ateneo de
Municipal Each empire had its rank. Students fought
for position, with 3 mistake,opponents could
Ateneo Municipal lose his position.
Father Magin Fernando, the school 1st Best: Emperor
registrar,initially refused to admit him due to: 2nd Best:Tribune
3rd Best: Decurion
1. late registration :4th Best: Centurion
2. 2.small, sickly appearance (for his :5thBest:Standard-Bearer
age)
Jose Rizal was finally admitted due to the First professor in Ateneo was Father Jose
intervention of Manuel Xerez Burgos, the Bech.
nephew of Father Jose Burgos. ● Was placed at the bottom of the
class since he was a newcomer and
Jesuits knows little Spanish
● Regarded as the best educators ● He was an externo, occupying the
inSpain. end of the line
● When they were allowed to the ● At the end of the month he became
Philippines after they were expelled, emperor of his empire
their privilege of founding schools
were limited. First Year in Ateneo(1872-1873)
● When they were granted permission Jose Bech was described as tall, an ascetic
to build a school, they named it the physiognomy, severe with sunken eyes and
Ateneo Municipal sharp Grecian nose.
● They first opened its doors in1865
A candidate for admission had to pass an He was a bit of a lunatic with a sporadic
entrance examination inChristian doctrine, sense of humor. At times he was harsh and
reading,writing, grammar and elementary intolerant and at other he was gay and
arithmetic. playful as a child
● Jose adopted the surname Rizal
because Mercado had come under Jose
suspicion of the Spanish ● brightest pupil in the whole class,
Authorities ● awarded a prize, a religious prize
● Ateneo was located within the walls ● took private lessons in Santa Isabel
of Intramuros College During noon recesses to
improve his Spanish Language ● He was not impressed by his
paying Php 3.00 for extra lessons. scholastic work.
Summer Vacation (1873) Fourth Year in Ateneo (1875-1876)
● Rizal returned home for the summer ● June 16, 1875: Rizal became an
vacation in March 1873. interno (boarding student).
● He visited Doña Teodora in prison ● He topped all his classmates in all
and told her about his excellent subjects and won five medals.
grades.
● Inspired by Father Francisco de
● After summer, he returned to Manila Paula Sanchez, a great educator
and boarded at No. 6 Magallanes and scholar described as a "model
Street, Intramuros. of uprightness, earnestness, and
love for the advancement of his
● His landlady was Doña Pepay, a pupils."
widow with a daughter and four
sons.
Second Year in Ateneo (1873-1874)
● Rizal received excellent grades in all Last Year in Ateneo (1876-1877)
subjects and a gold medal.
● Recognized as the most brilliant
● Books that influenced him: Atenean of his time and the pride of
the Jesuits.
○ The Count of Monte Cristo by
Alexander Dumas: The story ● March 23, 1877: Graduated with the
of a prisoner in Chateau d'If, highest honor, earning a Bachelor of
which reminded him of the Arts degree from Ateneo Municipal
injustice done to his mother. at age 16.
○ Travels in the Philippines by ● He proudly offered his excellent
Dr. Feodor Jagor: Predicted ratings and medals to his parents in
the Philippines would fall gratitude for their sacrifices and love.
under American influence in
the future.
Extra-Curricular Activities in Ateneo
Third Year in Ateneo (1874-1875) ● Member of the Academy of Spanish
Literature and the Academy of
● Rizal maintained excellent grades Natural Sciences.
but won only one medal.
● Studied painting under Agustin Saez
● At the end of the school year (March and sculpture under Romualdo de
1875), he returned to Calamba for Jesus.
summer vacation.
● Continued physical training under Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo)
Tio Manuel (gymnastics and
fencing). ● 1876:
● Joined the Marian Congregations 1. La Tragedia de San
(Sodality of Our Lady and Eustaquio (The Tragedy of
Apostleship of Prayer), where he St. Eustace)
served as secretary.
2. Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In
Memory of My Town)
3. Alianza Íntima Entre la
Religión y la Buena
Educación (Intimate Alliance
Between Religion and Good
Education)
4. Por la Educación Recibe
Lustre la Patria (Through
Education the Country
Receives Light)
Literary Pieces Rizal Wrote in Ateneo
5. El Cautiverio Y El Triunfo:
● 1874: Batalla de Lucena y Prisión
de Boabdil (The Captivity
1. Mi Primera Inspiración (My and the Triumph: Battle of
First Inspiration) Lucena and the
Imprisonment of Boabdil)
2. Al Niño Jesús (To the Child
Jesus) 6. La Entrada Triunfal de los
Reyes Católicos en Granada
3. A La Virgen María (To the (The Triumphal Entry of the
Virgin Mary) Catholic Monarchs into
Granada)
● 1875:
● 1877:
1. Felicitacion (Felicitations)
1. El Heroismo de Colon (The
2. El Embarque: Himno A la Heroism of Columbus)
Flota de Magallanes (The
Departure: Hymn to 2. Colon y Juan II (Columbus
Magellan’s Fleet) and John II)
3. Y Es Español: Elcano, 3. Gran Consuelo en la Mayor
Primero en dar la Vuelta Desdicha (Great Solace in
(And He is Spanish: Elcano, Great Misfortune)
the First to Circumnavigate
the World) 4. Un Diálogo Alusivo a la
Despedida de los Colegiales
4. El Combate: Urbiztondo, (A Farewell Dialogue of the
Terror de Jolo (The Battle:
Students) 2. Discrimination against
Filipino students
University of Santo Tomas (UST) 3. Outdated and repressive
Experience (1877-1882) teaching methods
● Rizal was unsure which course to ● He later expressed his discontent
take. The Jesuits suggested farming through El Filibusterismo,
or priesthood, but he was drawn to particularly in the character of
law, literature, and medicine. Placido Penitente.
● He initially enrolled in Philosophy
and Letters because:
three main reasons for his struggling
1. It was his father’s preference. academic performance (Guerrero, 1998):
2. He did not consult Father 1.Rizal was not satisfied with the system of
Ramon Pablo, the rector of education the university
Ateneo.
2.There were plenty of things to distract a
● Subjects included: young man in the peak of his youth
1. Cosmology and Metaphysics 3.Medicine was not Rizal's true vocation. He
would later find out that his real calling was
2. Theodicy in the arts, not in medicine.
3. History of Philosophy Rizal's Romantic Relationships
● After one year, he shifted to ● Segunda Katigbak: Close friend of
Medicine to help his mother, who his sister Olympia; engaged to
had failing eyesight. Manuel Luz.
After completing his first year, Rizal decided ● Jacinta Ibardo Laza: A teacher from
to take up medicine ahis university course. Pakil, Laguna. Was described as
This change of heart was due to two factors: “fair with seductive and attractive
eyes”. Their romance died of natural
1.Father Ramon Pablo, rector of the causes.
Ateneo, had advised him to pursue the
course ● Leonor Valenzuela: Neighbor in
Intramuros; exchanged secret letters
2.Rizal's mother had failing eyesight and he using invisible ink.
thought he owed it to her to become a
doctor and cure her condition ● Leonor Rivera: His cousin and
childhood sweetheart; signed letters
● Rizal's performance was not as as "Taimis."Described as“tender as a
excellent as in Ateneo due to: budding flower with kindly, wistful
eyes”.They kept correspondence
1. Hostile Dominican professors even after Rizal went toEurope.
Experience of Spanish Brutality
● Rizal witnessed Spanish brutality
firsthand in Calamba during summer
vacation from UST.
Artistic Works and Literary
Achievements
● A La Juventad Filipina Sa
Kabataang Pilipino (To the Filipino
Youth, 1879): Won first prize at the
Artistic-Literary Lyceum of Manila (a
society whose members were the
artists in literature.)
The Board of Judges had chosen
Rizal's poem as superior and had
won the first prize and
recognition.The prize consisted of a
feather shaped silver pen decorated
with a gold ribbon.
The study of Rizal at University of Sto.
The following year, the Liceo Again Tomas(UST) was not meaningful and fruitful
sponsored another competition celebrating just like when he was atAteneo.Rizal, after
the centenary of the death of Miguelde completing his four years in medical school
Cervantes, the national poet ofSpain. decided to leave the country for
Europe.From the letter Paciano sent
● El Consejo de los Dioses (The toRizal, the real purpose of Rizal's Journey
Council of the Gods, 1880): to Europe was to make a name for him in
the realm of journalism and to observe and
● Junto Al Pasig (Beside the Pasig, study European way of life.
1880): A religious satire staged at
Ateneo (December 8, 1880) on the Decision to Travel to Europe
occasion of the annual celebration of
the Feast Day of the Immaculate ● Rizal left for Spain to complete his
Conception,patroness of the Ateneo. medical specialization and conduct a
"secret mission."
● He assumed the alias Jose
Mercado to evade Spanish
authorities.
● May 3, 1882: Departed on Salvador
for Singapore, then transferred to
Djemnah for Europe.
Philippines to Singapore (May 3-11,1882)
Donato Lecha, captain of the ship defined They Ask Me for Verses (Me Piden
Jose as a refined man. Versos)
He arrived in Singapore on May 9, 1882 Rizal wrote Me Piden Versos after his
friends at the Circulo Hispano asked him for
He stayed in Hotel de la Paz. a poem. The piece reflects the challenges a
poet faces in meeting the expectations of
He then left Singapore on May 11, 1882 others and emphasizes the importance of
boarded the ship DjemnahEducation in genuine inspiration. It explores themes of
Spain and Beyond isolation, homesickness, and the difficulty of
finding inspiration in the midst of hardship
Trip to the Suez Canal
From Colombo, the Djemnah continued its
voyage, crossing the Indian Ocean to the Rizal's Education in Spain
Cape coast of Africa. Rizal sighted the
barren coast of Africa for the first time, Rizal, dissatisfied with his education in the
which he called an "inhospitable land but Philippines, secretly traveled to Spain in
famous." May 1882 with the support of his brother
Paciano and enrolled in the Universidad
The next stopover was in Aden. He found Central de Madrid.
the city hotter than Manila and was amused
to see the camels, as it was his first time ● He enrolled in the medicine
seeing them. program and earned a Licentiate in
Medicine.
From Aden, the ship proceeded to the city
of Suez, the Red Sea terminal of the Suez ● He also pursued studies in
Canal. The Djemnah took five days to philosophy and letters, earning a
traverse the canal. Rizal was thrilled Licentiate in Philosophy and
because it was his first trip through this Letters with the rating of
canal, which was built by Ferdinand de "excellent" (sobresaliente).
Lasseps.
At Port Said, Rizal landed to see the Rizal in Paris and Berlin
interesting sights. On June 11, he reached
Naples. The city pleased Rizal because of ● Rizal traveled to Paris and Berlin,
its business activities. where he studied ophthalmology.
Rizal in Madrid, Spain ● He joined the German
Anthropological Society.
Rizal arrived in Madrid in 1882 and initially
lived with a friend, Vicente Gonzalez, in a ● He finished writing and published his
house near the university and an atelier. first novel, "Noli Me Tangere," in
This allowed him to save on transportation Berlin.
costs.
In Spain, Rizal became a leader of the Rizal in Heidelberg, Germany
reform movement among Filipino students.
He contributed essays, poems, and ● Moved to Germany due to the lower
editorials to the Spanish newspaper La cost of living.
Solidaridad under various pen names.
● Arrived in Heidelberg on February ● Rizal, determined to expose the
3, 1886. socio-political issues in the
Philippines, wrote "Noli Me
● Worked at University Eye Hospital Tangere" alone.
under Dr. Otto Becker.
● Members of the Circulo
● Attended lectures by Dr. Becker and Hispano-Filipino showed little
Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne. interest in his proposed book project.
● Explored Heidelberg Castle, ● He completed the novel in Germany
Neckar River, and old churches. and published it in 1887 with the
financial help of Maximo Viola.
Rizal's Observation in Heidelberg
● The novel became a catalyst for
● Witnessed Catholics and Filipino nationalism.
Protestants peacefully coexisting.
● Lived with Dr. Karl Ullmen, a
Protestant pastor. First Homecoming (1887)
● Discussed Catholicism vs. ● After five years in Europe, Rizal
Protestantism, defending his faith decided to return to the Philippines
as a Mason. to treat his mother’s eye ailment,
help his family, and observe the
impact of Noli Me Tangere. He
"To the Flowers of Heidelberg" (A Las boarded the steamer Djemnah on
Flores De Heidelberg) July 3, 1887, and arrived in Manila
onAugust 6, where he was warmly
welcomed by his family and friends.
● Back in Calamba, Rizal established
a medical clinic, treating patients,
including his mother, and earning the
First Letter to Prof. Ferdinand nickname “Doctor Uliman” due to
Blumentritt his studies in Germany. He also
promoted European Sports like
● Rizal wrote a German letter to fencing and gymnastics to
Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt discourage gambling and
on July 31, 1886. cockfighting among the youth.
● He introduced himself and sent a Conclusion
book titled Arithmetica in Spanish
and Tagalog. ● Rizal's education abroad
transformed him into a patriot and
● Blumentritt was impressed, leading reformist.
to their lifelong friendship.
● Despite his success, he remained
committed to fighting for Philippine
independence.
The Novel: Noli Me Tangere
