PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHTS IN emphasizes the reformation of society.

Mother taught their girls to do the household

EDUCATION Education is designed to awaken student’s chores.
consciousness about social problems and to
JOHN LOCKE (1632 - 1704) THE EMPIRICIST Education During the Spanish Era – Education
engage them actively in problem solving.
EDUCATOR – Empiricism – knowledge of the was formal and organize. It was authoritarian in
world is based on one’s experience. Child was PAULO FREIRE (1921-1997) – CRITICAL nature. Tribal tutors of the pre-Spanish period
born as Tabula Rasa “Blank State”. Child is PEDAGOGY. The belief that teaching should were replaced by Spanish missionaries. Pupils
neither inherently good nor bad – child challenge learners to examine power structures attended formal schooling in the parochial
character is based on his experience. The and patterns of inequality within the status quo. school.
inductive method.
• Remember that teachers and The Education Decree of 1863 – This law gave
HERBERT SPENCER (1820 - 1903) children are both learners Filipino a complete system of education from
UTILITARIAN EDUCATION – Spencer's elementary to the collegiate level. The law
• Develop their critical literacy
concept of "survival of the fittest" means that provided for the establishment of the
human development had gone through an • Encourage active enquiry and elementary schools in all municipalities in the
evolutionary series of stages from the simple to curiosity-lead participation country.
the complex and the uniform to the more
HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION Education during the American Regime (1898-
specialized kind of activity.
1946) – The Americans promoted democratic
JOHN DEWEY (1859 - 1952) – LEARNING • School – Important agent of ideals and the democratic way of life. The
THROUGH EXPERIENCE. Education is a socialization. Tasked to impart specific schools maintained by the Spaniards for more
social process, and so schools are intimately knowledge and skills necessary for than three centuries were closed but were
related to the society that they serve. The functioning in the society. reopened on August 29, 1898 by the Secretary
school is a special environment established by • Socialization Process – process of of the Interior.
members of society, for the purpose of learning the roles, statuses and values American soldiers- served the first teachers and
simplifying, purifying and integrating the social necessary for participation in social the Thomasites arrived on the Phil in 1909.
experience of the group so that it can be institution
understood, examined and used by its children. University of the Philippines- first state school
• Anticipatory Socialization – role learning of university status
GEORGE COUNTS (1889 - 1974) – BUILDING that prepares us for future
A NEW SOCIAL ORDER. Education is not roles. (Brinkerhoff) Department of Public Instruction set up a three-
based on eternal truths but is relative to a level school: Seven-year elementary curriculum
The History of the Philippine Educational (3 primary, 4 intermediate), four level junior
System college, Four-year college program.
particular society living at given time and place. Education during the Pre-colonial period – The Commonwealth Period (1935-1942) –
Education was informal and unstructured, Institute adult private education in order to
THEODORE BRAMELD (1904 - 1987) – decentralized. Father taught their sons how to observe private schools. Formal adult
SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM. Social look for food and other means of livelihood. education was also given. E.O. 134 in 1936
reconstructionism is a philosophy that (Pres. Manuel Quezon) – designating Tagalog
as the National language. EO 217- Quezon 1. Educational issues and problems are Kanya-Kanya Syndrome, talangka mentality –
Code of Ethics was taught in schools. EO 263 often rooted in the past; the study of Done by chismis, intriga, unconstructive
in 1940-required the teaching of the Filipino in educational history can help us to criticisms
senior year of all high schools and in all years understand and solve today’s problem Lack of Self-Analysis and Reflection – The
in normal school. tendency to be superficial and somewhat
2. Realistic effort to reform education
flighty.
The Japanese Occupation – Aims of education begin with present conditions which are
Emphasis on porma rather than substance –
during Japanese occupation: Eradication of the a product of our past: by using our past, This Lack of analysis and emphasis on form is
idea of reliance upon western states. Fostering we can shape the future. reinforced by an educational system that is
a new Filipino culture based on the more than substance
3. The study of education’s past provides a
consciousness of the people as Orientals.
perspective that explains and
Elevating the moral of the Filipinos by giving up The strength of the Filipino character are:
illuminates our present activities as
over-emphasis on materialism. Striving the 1. Pakikipagkapwa-tao
teacher.
diffusion of the Japanese language in the 2. Family orientation
Philippines and the termination of the use of 3. Joy and humor
English in schools. Developing in people the 4. Flexibility, adaptability and creativity
love of labor. STRENGTH AND WEAKNESSES OF 5. Hard work and industry
FILIPINO CHARACTER AS SOCIO- 6. faith and religiosity
Post-Colonial Philippines - Education aimed: CULTURAL ISSUE 7. Ability to survive
full realization of the democratic of life. Writings
of Rizal, Noli Me Tangere and El Extreme family Centeredness – excessive
ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP
Filibusterismo, were included in the curriculum concern for the family means using one’s office - Leaders help set goals for organizational while
in all levels. Elementary education was and power to promote family interests motivating individuals within the organization to
nationalized, and matriculation fees were Extreme Personalism – Takes things successfully carry out assignments in order to
abolished. Magna Carta for Teachers was personally, cannot separate objectives task realize those goals.
passed into law by virtue of RA 4570. from emotional involvement.
Lack of Discipline – a casual attitude towards Qualities of a successful Organizational
The post-colonial period education system was time and space, manifested in lack of precision Leadership
devoted to the following goals: and compulsiveness, in poor time management Patience – Serving students and fellow
and procrastination. educators can be trying, and patience is a good
1. Foster love of country
Passively and Lack of initiative – waiting to be quality to cultivate.
2. Teach the duties of citizenship told what to do, reliance on other (leaders and
Communication (written/oral) – Being able to
government) complacence lack of a sense of
3. Develop moral character and self- discipline convey an idea as well as acknowledge others’
urgency. ideas is important for organizational leaders as
4. Scientific, technological and vocational Colonial Mentality – Lack of patriotism, or of an is working with others to achieve a common
efficiency. active awareness appreciation and love of the goal.
Philippines and an actual preference for things
The importance of Studying History of Foreign. Creativity – Leaders must often deal with
Education sudden or urgent problems on a regular basis.
Decision-Making – There may be times when 2. Strength from below the leader. Sociologists today employ three (3) primary
you are required to make a quick decision theoretical perspectives: The Functionalist
under unexpected circumstances. 3. The strength in a situation formed by the
Perspective, The Conflict Perspective, and The
conditions of interaction between
Job specific Insight – Organizational leadership leaders and their members. Symbolic Interactionism Perspective.
careers are not restricted to the field of Structural-Functional Theory – focuses in how
education alone. 2. CONTINGENCY MODEL- The contingency
leadership model emerged after the behavioral education serves the need of society through
The three broad skills is: Technical – Refers to approach. the development skills encouraging social
any type of process or technique like sending cohesion. The role of schools is to prepare
email etc., Human – Is the ability to works 3. LIFE CYCLE THEORY- It is effective students for participation in the institution of
effectively with people and to build teamwork. situational leadership model by combining the society.
level of maturity of subordinates with the
, Conceptual – Is the ability to think in terms of Herbert Spencer defines society as a system of
behavioral patterns of their leaders.
models, frameworks and broad relationships interconnected parts, each with a unique
such as long range plans. 4. PATH GOAL THEORY- The expectations of
subordinates often relate to the level of morale, function. For society to work properly, these
LEADERSHIP STYLE
motivation, satisfaction and pride in their work. must coordinate and collaborate.
1. Autocratic- Autocratic leaders do decision
making by themselves. TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP – is a Purpose of Schooling according to
model that principals and teachers can use to Functionalism: Intellectual Purposes, Economic
2. Consultative- Consultative leaders allow lead by example. Purposes, Political Purposes, Social Purposes
participation of the members of the organization
by consulting them first but make the decision SERVANT LEADERSHIP – According to Conflict Theory – suggests that conflicts arise
themselves. Robert K. Greenleaf’s essay. The servant as when people choose between maintaining the
leader, “servant leadership focuses on the status quo and introducing change.
3. Democratic- Democratic leaders allow the
members of the organization to fully participate responsibility of the leader to the organization
According to Karl Marx’s Conflict Theory,
in decision making. Decision are arrived at by but also a responsibility to his/her followers and
society will always be in a state of conflict due
way of consensus. stakeholders including acting ethically, putting
to the never-ending competition for finite
4. Laissez faire- In Laissez faire or free-rein others first, and showing sensitivity to other’s
resources.
leadership style, leaders avoid responsibility concerns.”
and leave the members of the organization of Conflict Theory Implications: Inequality
establish their own works. SUSTAINING CHANGE – For reforms to
Awareness, Social Change, Education and
transform, the innovation introduced by the
SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP MODELS Socialization
transformational leader must be institutional of
1. CONTINUUM MODEL- The continuum sustained or else that innovation is simply a Symbolic Interactionism – is a sociological
model leadership is based on the passing fad that loses its flavor after a time. theory that focuses on how individuals create
pattern of decision making. and interpret meaning through social
SOCIAL SCIENCES THEORIES AND THEIR
interactions using symbols, gestures, and
3 MAIN FACTORS OF CONTINUUM MODELS IMPLICATIONS
shared understandings.
1. The strength of the manager.
Symbolic interactionism is a social theoretical • Livelihood skills-training for parents and barangay, and shall welcome the opportunity to
framework associated with George Herbert out-of-school youths by teachers provide such leadership when needed to
Mead (1863-1931) and Max Weber (1864- themselves extend counseling services, as appropriate, and
1920). to actively be involved in matters affecting the
THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY: welfare of the people.
Symbolic Interactionism Theory Implications:
TEACHERS ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL
Collaborative Learning, Scaffolding, Language SECTION VII – Every teacher shall maintain
BEHAVIOR.
Development harmonious and pleasant personal and official
relations with other professionals, with
THE WHY AND HOW OF SCHOOL AND SECTION I – A teacher is a facilitator of
government officials, and with the people,
COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP learning and of the development of the youth,
individually or collectively.
he shall, therefore, render the best service by
WHAT CAN THE COMMUNITY DO FOR providing an environment conducive to such SECTION VIII – A teacher possess freedom to
SCHOOLS? learning and growth. attend church and worship as appropriate, but
BRIGADA ESKWELA
shall not use his positions and influence to
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT SECTION II – Every teacher shall provide
proselyte others.
WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAM leadership and initiative to actively participate in
YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS communicate movements for moral, social,
COMMUNITY SERVICE education, economic, and civic betterment.
SECTION III – Every teacher shall merit
WHAT CAN SCHOOLS DO FOR
reasonable social recognition for which purpose
COMMUNITIES IN RETURN?
he shall behave with honor and dignity at all
• Classroom used by community
times and refrain from such activities as
organizations for meetings
gambling, smoking, drunkenness and other
• School used as a polling place and
excesses, much less illicit relations.
venue for medical missions which it may
co-sponsor with the rural health unit SECTION IV – Every teacher shall live for and
• School used by the rural health unit for with the community, and shall, therefore, study
mother's class on childcare and understand local customs and traditions in
• School used as an evacuation center order to have a sympathetic attitude, therefore,
• School facilities used for community refrain from disparaging the community.
assemblies
SECTION V – Every teacher shall help the
• School basketball court used for local
school to keep the people in the community
celebrations and barangay sports
informed about the school's work and
league
accomplishment as well as its needs and
• Schools conduct livelihood skills-training
problems.
programs for parents and out-of-school
youths by using school resources SECTION VI – Every teacher is an intellectual
leader in the community, especially in the