COGNITIVISM
Presented by:
Maureen D. Delos
Reyes, LPT
Presented to:
Prof: Michael Angelo
Legarde
Cognitivism
Cognitivism is a learning theory that focusses on
how information is received, organized, stored
and retrieved by the mind. It uses the mind as an
information processer, like a computer.
Therefore, cognitivism looks beyond observable
behaviour, viewing learning as internal mental
processes. In this view, learners are actively
involved in the way they process information.
Knowledge, memory, thinking, and problem
solving are areas for development.
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Jean Piaget
Piaget is one of the
theoretical founders of
cognitivism. Piaget's theory
of cognitive development
(how intelligence develops)
was foundational to
cognitivism.
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George Armitage Miller
Miller was an integral
thinker in the development
of cognitivism. Miller,
turning away from
behaviorism, sought to
study cognitive processes
through studying language
learning and use.
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Jerome Bruner
Bruner was, like Miller, an
integral thinker in the
development of
cognitivism. Bruner and
Miller founded the Harvard
Center for Cognitive
Studies. This department
made cognitivism a serious
and respected science.
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Albert Bandura
Bandura pioneered theories
branching from cognitivism,
including social cognitive
theory. Through this theory,
psychologists seek to
understand how children learn
through, among other things,
cognitively processing and
storing social experiences. 5
Elizabeth Loftus
Loftus primarily studies
memory within the field of
cognitivism. Specifically,
Loftus has studied how
memory and recollection of an
event can be skewed by
information and leading
comments afterward.
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APPLICATION TO LEARNING APPLICATION TO TEACHING
Cognitivist learning states Cognitive theory: a learning
that the way we learn is theory of psychology that
determined by the way our attempts to explain human
mind takes in, stores, behavior by understanding the
processes, and then accesses thought processes. knowledge
information. When we learn in memory and facilitating
new things, our brains are recall. This implies that
able to transfer the teachers should: o Be mindful
information we have learned of the learner's prior clinical
and apply the information to experiences before judging
new situations or problems. the learner's performance. 6
EDUCATIONAL
PRACTICES IN
THE PHILIPPINES
1. Active Learning and Problem-Solving
Educators in the Philippines are increasingly
integrating strategies that require students to
engage actively with the material, rather than
passively receiving information. This includes
group discussions, collaborative projects, and
hands-on activities. These practices align with
the cognitive focus on learners processing and
organizing information.
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2. Use of Technology
The incorporation of technology in the
classroom allows students to interact with
information in various formats (videos,
simulations, interactive software), which
promotes deeper cognitive processing. E-
learning platforms, digital tools, and
educational apps are used to enhance
cognitive skills such as critical thinking,
reasoning, and problem-solving.
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3. Metacognitive Strategies
Teachers encourage students to develop self-
awareness about their own learning process.
This includes fostering metacognitive
strategies like setting goals, monitoring
progress, and reflecting on their understanding.
These strategies help students regulate their
cognitive processes, which is central to
cognitivism.
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4. Scaffolded Learning
In line with cognitive theories,
educators often provide structured
support (scaffolding) that is gradually
removed as students become more
proficient. This practice helps learners
build upon their existing knowledge and
progressively take on more complex
tasks.
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5. Constructivist Approaches
Cognitivism often overlaps with
constructivism, where students are
encouraged to build new knowledge
based on their prior experiences. In the
Philippines, there is an emphasis on
contextualizing learning, allowing
students to connect lessons with real-
world experiences, thus supporting
cognitive development.
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6. Critical Thinking and Higher-Order Thinking Skills
Educational reforms in the
Philippines focus on developing
students' critical thinking and
problem-solving skills. This involves
teaching students how to analyze,
synthesize, and evaluate
information-processes that are key
aspects of cognitive development.
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The End
Thank You for Listening
"How can the principles of
cognitivism be applied to
improve skill acquisition
and motor learning in
Physical Education, and
what strategies can
educators use to enhance
students' cognitive
processes during physical
activities?"
REFERENCES:
Morales & Gray (2023),Cognitivism | Education, Examples & Learning Theory & Strategies,
https://study.com/academy/lesson/cognitivism-overview-practical-teaching-
examples.html#:~:text=The%20theory%20comes%20from%20Jean,from%20the%20
world%20around%20them.
OLCreate (2024), General Teaching Methods: Cognitivism | OLCreate
https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/page/view.php?
id=147079#:~:text=Cognitivism%20is%20a%20learning%20theory,learning%20as%20inter
nal%20mental%20processes.
Morales & Gray (2023),https://study.com/academy/lesson/cognitivism-overview-
practical-teaching-
examples.html#:~:text=Cognitivism%20is%20used%20in%20education,already%20have%
20in%20their%20brains.
Lakha, S. (2023). Understanding Cognitivism: A Learning Theory. educasciences.org.
https://www.educasciences.org/learning-theories-
cognitivism#:~:text=Cognitivism%20holds%20that%20learning%20is,and%20what%20the
y%20already%20know.
