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Water level indicator project
Political science (University of Lakki Marwat)
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Automatic Water Level Indicator and Controller
Name of Students :Rafi Ullah Khan
Kifayat Ullah
Muhammad Talha
Aman Ullah
Supervisor Name :Prof: Pir Muhammad
Program Name : BS Physics
Session :2019-2023
Department Of Physics
Govt Post Graduate College
Lakki Marwat
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Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 3
Aim .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Apparatus Required ................................................................................................................................ 3
Need for Water Level Indicator ............................................................................................................... 3
Working Principle .................................................................................................................................... 4
Theory ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Transistor................................................................................................................................................. 4
Relay ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
Resister .................................................................................................................................................... 5
LED .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Motor ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Voltage Supply......................................................................................................................................... 7
Model ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
PCB .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Advantages .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Applications/Uses ................................................................................................................................... 8
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 8
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Introduction
The water level indicator uses a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the water level in an
overhead tank or container. sensing is doing using three probes placed at three different
positions or level on tank or container walls. Level one is at lowest position, level two is at mid
position and level three is at topmost position. water level indicator are devices designed to
measure and display the water level in container. They employ various methods to achieve this
including mechanical, electronic, and ultrasonic systems. Here we discuss electronic water
level indicator.
Aim
The aim of the water level indicator is to gauge and manage water level in tank and to study
the working of water level indicator using Transistor, resistor, and LED etc.
Apparatus Required
1) Transistor
2) Resistor
3) Relay(12v)
4) 12v supply
5) PCB (printed cardboard)
6) Motor
7) Water tank
8) LED’s
Need for Water Level Indicator
1) To overcome the problem of overflow of water.
2) Sustainable use of water and electrical energy.
3) Easy installation at low cost.
4) Easy maintenance.
Fig.1 Circuit diagram of Water Level Indicator and automatic controller
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Working Principle
The operation of the project is easy to understand. The project contains some main condition.
1.when there is no water available is the tank.
2.Intial level, when starts to fill. When water is reached to the level 1 then the lead is light u
3.when the water is on the mid of the tank the 2nd LED is light up, now when the water is in
the maximum level, the 3rd LED will start to glow.
Now at this stage the motor is stopped, thus this indicates the water reached maximum level so
that we can stop the supply of water.
Theory
Transistor
A Transistor is semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical
signals power. Transistor often used in the control unit of water level indicator amplify and
switch electronics signals. In this context transistor amplify the signals from water level sensors
allowing them to trigger other components. Here we use 2SD1351 transistor. Here the transistor
ampliy the electric current because the water is partially conducting medium so transistor
amplify the current in the circuit.
Fig.2 Transistor as an amplifier
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Relay
Relays are electromagnetic switches used to control high power circuits with low power
signals. In water level indicator relays are used to control pumps or motor. When the water
level reaches a specific point the relay switches on or off controlling the water flow maintain
the desired level. Here we use three 12v relays. Relays consist of five terminals, in which two
are connected with coil and one is normally closed and other is normally open.
Fig.2 Relays as a switch.
Resister
Resistors limit the flow of electric current in a circuit. In water level indicator they are used to
control the sensitivity of the sensors or to provide the necessary resistance to prevent damage
to other components. Here we use only one resistor of 1k ohm.
Fig.4 Resistor for limits the current flow.
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LED
LED are visual indicators that display the water level. Here three different colours Led are
activated as the level changes. When the water level is low a red LED light up, and as the level
rises, yellow LED light up and when the level of water is high the green LED light up and show
now the tank is full. Here we set it according to energy of electromagnetic spectrum. The green
is more energy than yellow and red LED, so we set it at upper level which show the tank is full.
Fig.3 LEDs for level indication
Motor
In some advanced water level indicators motor may be used to control values or mechanical
components for precise water level regulation. Motor responds to signals from the control
unit(led) adjust the water flow as needed. The motor turns on off depending upon the amount
of water in the tank.
Fig.5 Motor for pump the water.
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Voltage Supply
A stable voltage supply is essential for the proper functioning of all components in a water
level indicator. It provides the necessary power to run the control unit, LEDs, and other
components. Here we used two 12v supply one for PCB and other for motor.
Model
The pictures of the prepared model are given below.
Fig.6 Prepared Model of the Project
PCB
The PCB are mainly used to provide electrical connection and mechanical support to the
electrical components of circuit.
Advantages
1) Easly indicates when water level is full.
2) Low maintenance.
3) No need to checking water level from roof.
4) Ensure no overflow or empty running of pump.
5) Electricity consumed is very low.
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Applications/Uses
1) In homes water level indicators ensure that water tanks are neither overfilled nor
empty completely, preventing damage to the water pump and ensuring a continuous
water supply.
2) In environmental studies, water level indicators are used to measure groundwater
levels, helping research understand groundwater dynamics and trends.
3) Farmers use water level indicators in irrigation system to manage water levels in
revisors or tanks, optimizing the water use in crop cultivation.
4) Industries rely on water level indicators to control water levels in boilers, cooling
system, and chemical processing tanks, ensuring safety and efficiency.
5) Hobbyists use water level indicators to maintain proper water level in fish tanks
and terrarium, creating a suitable environment for aquatic life.
Conclusion
Therefore, by using this simple arrangement we can save storage of water and electricity. By
using this circuit, we can use problem in an efficient way. This is simple model water level
indicator which can be made at your home. This project is the solution to help the user to
indicate water level and reservoir or tank. The water tank that indicated different levels in our
head tank. A connection under to the ground tank to check the availability of water in the tank
before operation the pump and the pump operates only automatic water level controller can be
used in homes, factories, agriculture, and aquatic life etc.
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