Answer Key
Chapter Test A 22. The hypothalamus
Multiple Choice functions as part of both the
1. c nervous and the endocrine
2. b systems.,
23. Nerve impulses travel
3. b
4. c from the brain to the
5. d hypothalamus by way of
6. a neurons.
24. hormones
7. c
25. the pituitary gland
8. d
9. b
10. b
11. c
12. a
13. c
14. a
15. b
Short Answer
16. electrical and chemical;
or, an action potential and
neurotransmitters
17. The inner membrane
becomes positively
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
charged.
18. It stimulates vesicles to bind
to the terminal membrane
and release chemicals into
the synapse.
19. They will cross the synapse
and some will bind to the
receptors on the adjacent
neuron.
20. The diagram shows Na+
flowing into the cell on
the right. The Na+ makes
the inner membrane of the
cell positive. The diagram
shows a positive charge
inside the cell, which
means an action potential is
moving along that portion
of the neuron.
21. the central nervous system
Answer Key 1
CHAPTER NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS
29 Chapter Test A
Multiple Choice
Choose the letter of the best answer. (15 credits)
1. Which type of sensory receptor helps 6. Nerve pathways that produce responses
humans detect light? without involving the brain are called
a. thermoreceptor a. reflex arcs.
b. mechanoreceptor b. resting potentials.
c. photoreceptor c. parasympathetic nerves.
d. chemoreceptor d. cortical areas.
Nervous and Endocrine Systems
2. Which part of this neuron carries 7. An electrical impulse moving down an
messages to the cell body? axon is called a(n)
CHAPTER 29
axon
cell body a. automatic function.
terminals
axon b. neurotransmitter.
c. action potential.
d. feedback loop.
myelin sheath
dendrites
8. Hair cells in the inner ear contain
mechanoreceptors that detect
FIG. 29.1
a. sound. c. impulses.
a. axon c. nucleus b. fluid. d. vibrations.
b. dendrites d. terminals
9. A neuron will respond by undergoing
3. The brain is connected to the spinal cord desensitization when its synapse has
by the
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.
a. lower drug doses.
a. cerebrum. c. sensory b. increased neurotransmitters.
b. brain stem. cortex.
c. decreased tolerance.
d. vertebrae.
d. too many receptors.
4. Target cells for a given hormone have
10. Both the nervous and the endocrine
the correct
systems allow you to
a. axons. c. receptors.
a. analyze thoughts.
b. membranes. d. glands.
b. respond to stimuli.
5. Hypothyroidism is a condition caused c. control growth.
by a lack of hormones from the d. react at the same rate.
a. hypothalamus.
b. adrenal gland.
c. cerebellum.
d. thyroid gland.
Assessment Book Chapter Test A 577
McDougal Littell Biology
CHAPTER TEST A, CONTINUED
11. Which type of neuron relays signals 14. What starts the activity shown in Figure
from the central nervous system to the 29.2?
muscles? Gland Releasing Hormones
a. sensory neuron cold exposure
b. interneuron
c. motor neuron
d. specialized support cell hypothalmus
12. In order for an adjacent neuron to
TRH (releasing hormone)
generate an action potential, it usually
Nervous and Endocrine Systems
needs to
pituitary
a. be stimulated at more than one
synapse.
CHAPTER 29
b. detect an electrical impulse within TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)
a synapse.
c. avoid reaching its threshold too thyroid
quickly.
d. close gates in its ion channels
thyroxine (cell activity hormone)
quickly.
body warming
13. What happens to impulses generated
by chemoreceptors in the nose and the
mouth?
FIG. 29.2
a. They are dissolved by mucus.
b. They are passed through the optic
a. Thermoreceptors send a signal to the
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.
nerve.
c. They are transmitted to the brain. hypothalamus.
d. They are stored in a series of glands. b. The thyroid releases thyroxine to
body cells.
c. Glands secrete releasing hormones.
d. Target glands sense low hormone
levels.
15. Which part of the eye contains the rods
and cones?
a. cornea
b. retina
c. iris
d. lens
578 Chapter Test A Assessment Book
McDougal Littell Biology
CHAPTER TEST A, CONTINUED
Short Answer Use the diagram below to answer items 16–20. (5 credits)
synapse
Na+
+ +
K Na
-
- -+ - + +
+ + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
receptors
vesicles
Nervous and Endocrine Systems
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+ + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + +
- - -+ + +
K+ Na -
CHAPTER 29
Na+
neurotransmitters
FIG. 29.3
16. What two types of signals are shown in Figure 29.3?
17. How does an action potential that is moving down an axon affect the charge of the
neuron’s inner membrane?
18. What happens when an action potential reaches the terminal of the axon?
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.
19. What is the role of neurotransmitters in the synapse?
20. Name two things in Figure 29.3 that indicate that a new impulse has been generated in
the neuron on the right.
Assessment Book Chapter Test A 579
McDougal Littell Biology
CHAPTER TEST A, CONTINUED
Use the diagram below to answer items 21–25. (5 credits)
stimulus to neuron
Nervous system
Endocrine system
A B
C
Nervous and Endocrine Systems
E D I
CHAPTER 29
F H
G
FIG. 29.4
21. In Figure 29.4, squares represent parts of the nervous system. Square A is the peripheral
nervous system. What is square B?
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.
22. Parts of the endocrine system are represented by circles. Why is structure C, which
represents the hypothalamus, shown as both a square and a circle?
23. How is information from the nervous system transmitted to the hypothalamus?
24. Chemical signals travel on the pathways represented by the dashed lines. What are
signals called?
25. In the body, a series of short blood vessels connects structure D to the hypothalamus.
What is structure D?
580 Chapter Test A Assessment Book
McDougal Littell Biology
