NOVELTY POLYTECHNIC KISI OYO STATE

COURSE TITTLE: BUSINESS SATISTIC II

COURSE CODE: BAM 21

DEPARTMENT: ACCOUNTANCY

1. Statistics is best defined as:

a) The study of numbers and their relationships
b) The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data
c) The method of solving mathematical equations
d) The study of graphs and charts
Answer: (b) The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data

2. Which of the following is NOT a type of statistical data?

a) Qualitative data
b) Numerical data
c) Textual data
d) Logical data
Answer: (d) Logical data

3. The branch of statistics that deals with data collection, presentation, and summarization is:
a) Inferential statistics
b) Descriptive statistics
c) Probability statistics
d) Predictive statistics
Answer: (b) Descriptive statistics

4. A bar chart is used to represent:

a) Continuous data
b) Categorical data
c) Time series data
d) Percentage data
Answer: (b) Categorical data

5. Which type of chart represents data in circular sections?

a) Histogram
b) Pie chart
c) Scatter plot
d) Line graph
Answer: (b) Pie chart

6. A histogram differs from a bar chart because:

a) The bars in a histogram do not touch each other
b) The bars in a histogram touch each other
c) A histogram only represents categorical data
 d) A histogram does not use bars
Answer: (b) The bars in a histogram touch each other

7. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a pie chart?

a) It is divided into slices
b) It represents categorical data
c) It can display numerical data with equal sections
d) It is useful for showing proportions
Answer: (c) It can display numerical data with equal sections

8. If a category represents 25% of a total dataset, what is the angle of its sector in a pie chart?
a) 45°
b) 90°
c) 60°
d) 25°
Answer: (b) 90° (Angle = 25% × 360° = 90°)

9. Which type of chart is best used to compare the contribution of different items to a total?
a) Pie chart
b) Line graph
c) Histogram
d) Scatter plot
Answer: (a) Pie chart

10. A frequency distribution table organizes data into:

a) Textual format
b) Numerical format
c) Categorical format
d) Classes and frequencies
Answer: (d) Classes and frequencies

11. The difference between the highest and lowest value in a dataset is called:
a) Variance
b) Mean
c) Range
d) Median
Answer: (c) Range

12. A histogram is used to represent:

a) Categorical data
b) Discrete data
c) Continuous data
d) Textual data
Answer: (c) Continuous data

13. The mean of a dataset is calculated as:

a) (Highest value - Lowest value) ÷ 2
 b) Sum of all values ÷ Number of values
c) Most frequently occurring value
d) The middle value of a dataset
Answer: (b) Sum of all values ÷ Number of values

14. The median is defined as:

a) The middle value when data is arranged in order
b) The highest value in a dataset
c) The lowest value in a dataset
d) The most frequently occurring value
Answer: (a) The middle value when data is arranged in order

15. If a dataset has two modes, it is called:

a) Unimodal
b) Bimodal
c) Multimodal
d) Non-modal
Answer: (b) Bimodal

16. The measure of how spread out data values are is called:
a) Central tendency
b) Dispersion
c) Correlation
d) Probability
Answer: (b) Dispersion

17. The standard deviation of a dataset measures:

a) The average value
b) The most frequent value
c) The spread of data around the mean
d) The sum of all values
Answer: (c) The spread of data around the mean

18. The interquartile range (IQR) is the difference between:

a) The highest and lowest value
b) The mean and the mode
c) The first quartile (Q1) and third quartile (Q3)
d) The mean and median
Answer: (c) The first quartile (Q1) and third quartile (Q3)

19. If a dataset has a longer right tail, it is said to be:

a) Negatively skewed
b) Positively skewed
c) Symmetrical
d) Normal
Answer: (b) Positively skewed
20. A normal distribution has a skewness value of:
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) 0.5
Answer: (a) 0

21. A negatively skewed distribution has its mean located:

a) To the right of the median
b) To the left of the median
c) At the center of the distribution
d) Below the mode
Answer: (b) To the left of the median

22. The measure of how spread out data values are is called:
a) Central tendency
b) Dispersion
c) Correlation
d) Probability
Answer: (b) Dispersion

23. Which of the following is a measure of dispersion?

a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Standard deviation
Answer: (d) Standard deviation

24. Variance is defined as:

a) The square of the standard deviation
b) The cube of the standard deviation
c) The square root of the standard deviation
d) The logarithm of the standard deviation
Answer: (a) The square of the standard deviation

25. A box plot is used to display:

a) Measures of central tendency
b) Data distribution and outliers
c) Relationships between two variables
d) Frequency distributions
Answer: (b) Data distribution and outliers

26. Answer: (c) A point beyond the whiskers

27. Variance is a measure of:

a) Central tendency
b) Dispersion
 c) Correlation
d) Probability
Answer: (b) Dispersion

28. Standard deviation is calculated as:

a) The square of the variance
b) The square root of the variance
c) The product of variance and mean
d) The logarithm of the variance
Answer: (b) The square root of the variance

29. A low standard deviation indicates that:

a) Data values are spread out
b) Data values are close to the mean
c) The dataset has high variability
d) The dataset is highly skewed
Answer: (b) Data values are close to the mean

30. A distribution is positively skewed if:

a) The mean is greater than the median
b) The mean is less than the median
c) The mean and median are equal
d) The data has no outliers
Answer: (a) The mean is greater than the median

31. A symmetrical distribution has a skewness value of:

a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) 2
Answer: (a) 0

32. A negatively skewed distribution means that the:

a) Mean is greater than the median
b) Median is greater than the mean
c) Mean and mode are equal
d) Median is equal to the mode
Answer: (b) Median is greater than the mean

33. The probability of an event occurring is always between:

a) -1 and 1
b) 0 and 1
c) -∞ and ∞
d) 1 and 100
Answer: (b) 0 and 1
34. Which of the following sampling methods ensures every member has an equal chance of
selection?
a) Convenience sampling
b) Simple random sampling
c) Judgmental sampling
d) Snowball sampling
Answer: (b) Simple random sampling

35. A fair coin is tossed once. The probability of getting heads is:
a) 0.25
b) 0.5
c) 0.75
d) 1
Answer: (b) 0.5

36. If data points in a P-P plot lie along a straight line, it indicates:
a) A normal distribution
b) A skewed distribution
c) No relationship
d) High variability
Answer: (a) A normal distribution

37. A Q-Q plot is used to assess:

a) Whether data follows a specified distribution
b) The correlation between two variables
c) The range of a dataset
d) The standard deviation of data
Answer: (a) Whether data follows a specified distribution

38. A characteristic of probability sampling is that:

a) Not all units have a chance of selection
b) Every unit has a known chance of selection
c) It is based on judgmental selection
d) It is only used in small populations
Answer: (b) Every unit has a known chance of selection

39. Which of the following is NOT a probability sampling method?

a) Stratified sampling
b) Systematic sampling
c) Convenience sampling
d) Cluster sampling
Answer: (c) Convenience sampling

40. Non-probability sampling methods are useful when:

a) A high level of accuracy is required
b) It is difficult to access the entire population
c) Every unit has an equal chance of selection
 d) Data collection is unnecessary
Answer: (b) It is difficult to access the entire population

41. The mean of a dataset is calculated using the formula:

Mean = Sum of all values divided by ________.
Answer: Total number of values

42. The variance of a dataset is given by:

Variance = Sum of squared differences from the mean divided by ________.
Answer: Total number of values

43. The standard deviation of a dataset is calculated as:

Standard Deviation = Square root of ________.
Answer: Variance

44. The range of a dataset is determined using the formula:

Range = ________ minus lowest value.
Answer: Highest value

45. The interquartile range is found using the formula:

Interquartile Range = ________ minus First quartile.
Answer: Third quartile

46. The probability of an event occurring is given by:

Probability = ________ divided by Total number of possible outcomes.
Answer: Number of favorable outcomes

47. The median of an ordered dataset with an odd number of values is found using:
Median = Value at the position of (Total number of values ________) divided by two.
Answer: Plus one

48. The percentile rank of a value is calculated using the formula:

Percentile Rank = (Rank of the value multiplied by ________) divided by Total number of
values.
Answer: One hundred (100)

49. The Z-score of a value is calculated using the formula:

Z-score = (Value minus ________) divided by Standard deviation.
Answer: Mean

50. The coefficient of variation is given by the formula:

Coefficient of Variation = (Standard deviation divided by ________) multiplied by 100.
Answer: Mean