STAGE 1 Nouns and adjectives — 1 cat, cats: singular and plural nouns Plurals: s ending ‘one dog > two dogs fone apple —+ two apples one boy > _two boys © To make a singular noun plural, add s. Practice 1a Complete the list, using these nouns and the pictures 1 pencil telephone bird cup banana newspaper__chair _spoon |Nouns and actives STAGE Plurals: other spellings one baby — two babies ‘* Words ending in consonant + y: change y — i + es ‘amaich > two matches a box = two boxes abrush — two brushes aglass = = two glasses a bus = __two buses * Words ending in ch, x, sh, ss, s: add es. * We add es to a few words ending in o: @ potato ~ two potatoes, a tomato — two tomatoes Irregular plurals aman =~ two men awoman — — two women achild = — two children aperson + —— two people a foot two feet atooth + _twoteeth Practice 1b Write the plurals. address | addresses feye orange mountain | mountains bag person lorry box, church waitress school 88 secretary lunch apple sandwich city day child hotel boy match watch glass flower animal dish vegetable fly beach family bus dress dictionary man) foot"Nouns and adjectives STAGE 1 2 a, an: indefinite article It’s a present. Ir’s a lovely day. © We use a before consonants: Are you a doctor? Consonants bof j m qt x ec og kK on ro v doh ol pos wz Here's an orange. He's an old man now. © We use an before vowels: I'm an English teacher. Practice 2 Complete the sentences using a or an. 1 Ws ..4,, new book 6 He's . waiter 2. She's . 2”. English teacher. 7 Ws ugly house 3 Are you student? 8 Here's. ticket for the play. 4 Britain is island 9 He's . good worker. 5 They're at restaurant. 10 It’s not ........... easy language.Nouns and adjectives STAGE 1 3. there is, there are There’s a cat in the garden. There are twenty students in the class. Is there a hotel near here? Are there a lot of tourists in your town? here is, there’s + singular noun. ‘here are + plural noun. * Question forms: Is there ...? Are there ...? Practice 3 Complete the sentences using there's, there are, is there or are there. 1 ..There’s.. a beach down here. There.are.. four girls and two boys in her family. a train to Manchester? .. a new disco near the college. .. two hospitals in town. a lot of children in the pool? 2 3 4 S ceecsssssseessuesees a good restaurant in this street? 6 7 8 three families in that house. 9 a television in the flat? 10 sesssecstessiesseens a big grey cloud over there, 4 I know her: subject and object pronouns | Subject Verb Object I see them, she knows me, We don't like it ‘© We also use object pronouns after prepo: Do you live with them? Jenny works with him. tions: Subject pronouns I you [she [he it [we | they | Object pronouns me | you |her |him it [us them ]Nouns and afjectves STAGE1 Practice 4b Circle the correct pronouns. 1 Can you help weffis)with these bags? GQVUs usually see theysfhem)at the weekend How did you teach he/him to read? 2 3 4 I/Me write to she/her once a month. He/Him loved she/her very much but she/her didn’t love he/him. 6 Why did you ask they/them to come? I/Me don’t like they/them. 7 I/Me don’t think she/her understands [/me. 8 Please don’t wait for we/us. 9 Did they/them tell she/her the news? 10 Would you like to come with /me? Complete these sentences with me, you, her, him, it, us or them 1 I can’t open this door. Could you open ../f., for me, please? 2. Those shoes are really nice. I'd like to buy ..fhern.. 3. ‘Did you see Jonathon last night?’ ‘No, I phoned but he wasn’t there’ 4 can’t do this homework. Can you help ........0:0022 Sl asked a question but you didn’t answer 6 We're not ready. Please give some more time, 7. She speaks very quickly. I can’t understand 8 I’m sorry about your birthday. I’m afraid I forgot about 9 Jill's a very nice woman. Do you know 2 10 My parents are coming this weekend. Would you like to meet z II They're not married now. She left essen a Year ago. 12 ‘Where's your passport?” ‘I don’t know. I can’t find 13 My mother writes to me every week but I don’t write to very often 14 Were you at the meeting last night? I didn’t see ... there. 15 We want to help you. Please tell ...........-. about your problems,Nouns and adjectives STAGE 1 5 nice, big, beautiful: adjectives It’s a beautiful day. ‘My teacher is very young. I’s an expensive restauran They're very friendly people. © Adjectives usually come before nouns: It’s an expensive restaurant. Adjectives can also come after the verb to be: ‘My teacher is very young. * An adjective does not change. It is always the same for singular, plural, masculine and feminine nouns. a clever girl clever girls a clever boy clever boys Practice 5 Write sentences with an adjective and a noun, 1 small / rooms The rooms are small They're small rooms. 2 not / long / story It's not along story. The story's not long. 3. happy / children 4° dirty / restaurant 5 heavy / books 6 cold / house 7 quiet / village 8 not / cheap / clothes 9. pretty / garden 10 difficult / language6 my, your, her, his ‘Nouns and adjectives STAGE T possessive adjectives ‘That's my daughter. Is this your book? This is her office ve got their phone number. Personal Possessive adjectives you = she = he = it = we = they = Notes my, your, her, his, its, our, their do not change. They are the same with, singular and plural nouns: Here's my book, Tike thetr car. Here are my books, Tike their cars. The possessive its has no apostrophe (’): The cat likes its food. NOT Pheeatdherdte fond, Practice Complete the sentences with my, your, her, his, its, our or their. 1 Alison is doing ..t2*.. homework. 2 Do you live with .vevr.. parents? 3 We love .sssssceecesssee NEW house, 4 He'sin. office. 5 The children are with ............0.... grandmother. 6 TIRE oesseecccesesseee MEW job. 7. Are you and your sister enjoying English classes? 8 Amsterdam is famous for ..... canals, 9 She's with «0.0... boyfriend, 10 They haven't got ss... umbrellas. UL She's i ....sseccseosseee bedroom, 12 He's looking for ...........---00. Shes. 13 1 like visiting ... +. friends at the weekend, 14 Are the teachers having ... meeting now? 15 Have you got -- Passport?Nouns and adjectives STAGE 1 7 Sylvia's mother: the possessive with S paintings are beautiful. The doctor's surgery is in that street. That’s the cat’s bowl, | * For people and sometimes animals, add ’s for possession, i Notes + After a singular name or noun, the possessive Is always ’s: This is Sue’s bag. These are Sue's bags. ‘© When the name is plural and ends in s, add ’: My parents’ flat is quite small The girls’ bedroom is upstairs © When the name is plural but does not end in s, add ’s: The children’s coats are here The men’s toilets are closed. Emma and Paul’s car is outside. * We also use ’s with time words: A week's holiday, today’s weather, yesterday's newspaper © And we use s’ with plural time words: ‘Two weeks" holiday Practice Ta Write the sentences again using the name in brackets. 1. These are her books. (Anne) These are Anne's books. 2 Where is his coat? (Andrew) Where is Andrew's coat? 3 Is that his car? (your brother) 4 It’s on her desk. (the teacher)7h Nouns and adjectives STAGE 5 Its dinner is here. (the dog) 6 Her children are at school now. (Judy) 7 Ws her idea. (my wife) 8 Its leg is broken. (that bird) 9 His new bike is really good. (Jeff) 10 Here's her telephone number. (the doctor) Write the sentences with the apostrophe (’) in the correct place. 1 These are Susans keys. These are Susan's keys 2. ike your husbands haircut. Like your husband's haircut 3 Those are Robert and Sarahs children. 4 There is a teachers meeting on Mondays. 5. Are the childrens coats in the car? 6 The mens clothes are upstairs. 7. Alices mother is very ill. 8 We have a months holiday in the summer, 9 The students exams start next week. 10 This is my mothers dress.