A

MICRO-PROJECT
ON
“ CLOUD COMPUTING ”
SUBMITTED TO

MSBTE
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQURIREMENT OF DIPLOMA OF
COMPUTER ENGINEERING
UNDER I SCHEME
SUBMITTED BY
MS. SAVANI S. JADHAV

MS. CHITRA D. TATE

MS. SHIRIN A. SHAIKH

MS. SHREYA S. RANE

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MR. T. M. PATIL
FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-25

YASHWANTRAO BHONSALE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

SAWANTWADI
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ,
Name Roll no.
Ms. Savani S Jadhav 62

Ms. Chitra D Tate 67

Ms. Shirin A Shaikh 72

Ms. Shreya S Rane 82

Of six semester of diploma in Computer Engineering of Institute

Yashwantrao Bhonsale Institute Of Technology has completed the Micro-
Project satisfactorily in subject Emgreing Treand in Computer and Information
Technology (22618) for the academic year 2024 – 2025 as prescribed in the
curriculum.

Subject Faculty HOD Principal

Seal

of

Institude
 INDEX

Sr.
Contents PageNo.
No.
1. Abstract 1

2. Introduction 2

3. History 3-4

4. Characteristics Of Cloud Computing 5

5. Cloud Computing Types 6-8

6. Types Of Cloud Services 9-11

7. Advantages Of Cloud Computing 12

8. Disadvantages Of Cloud Computing 13

9. Examples Of Cloud Storage/Computing 14-15

10. Implementation Of Cloud Computing 16

11. Conclusion 17

12. References 18
Cloud Computing (Micro- Project)

Abstract:
“Cloud” is a collective term for a large number of developments and possibilities. It is not an
invention, but more of a “practical innovation”, combining several earlier inventions into something
new and compelling. Much like the iPod is comprised of several existing concepts and technologies
(the Walkman, MP3 compression and a portable hard disk), cloud computing merges several
already available technologies: high bandwidth networks, virtualization, Web 2.0 interactivity, time
sharing, and browser interfaces. Cloud Computing is a popular phrase that is shorthand for
applications that were developed to be rich Internet applications that run on the Internet (or
“Cloud”). Cloud computing enables tasks to be assigned to a combination of software and services
over a network. This network of servers is the cloud. Cloud computing can help businesses
transform their existing server infrastructures into dynamic environments, expanding and reducing
server capacity depending on their requirements. A cloud computing platform dynamically
provisions, configures, reconfigures, and deprovisions servers as needed. Servers in the cloud can
be physical machines or virtual machines. Advanced clouds typically include other computing
resources such as storage area networks (SANs), network equipment, firewall and other security
devices.

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Introduction:
Cloud Computing is the delivery of computing services such as servers, storage, databases,
networking, software, analytics, intelligence, and more, over the Cloud (Internet). Cloud
Computing provides an alternative to the on-premises datacenter. With an on-premises datacenter,
we have to manage everything, such as purchasing and installing hardware, virtualization, installing
the operating system, and any other required applications, setting up the network, configuring the
firewall, and setting up storage for data. After doing all the set-up, we become responsible for
maintaining it through its entire lifecycle. But if we choose Cloud Computing, a cloud vendor is
responsible for the hardware purchase and maintenance. They also provide a wide variety of
software and platform as a service. We can take any required services on rent. The cloud computing
services will be charged based on usage.

Fig.1

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History:
Computing started off with the mainframe era. There were big mainframes and everyone connected
to them via "dumb" terminals. This old model of business computing was frustrating for the people
sitting at the dumb terminals because they could do only what they were "authorized" to do. They
were dependent on the computer administrators to give them permission or to fix their problems.
They had no way of staying up to the latest innovations.

The personal computer was a revolution against the dictatorship of centralized computing
operations. There was a kind of freedom in the use of personal computers. But this was later
replaced by server architectures with enterprise servers and others showing up in the industry. This
made sure that the computing was done and it did not eat up any of the resources that one had with
him. All the computing was performed at servers. Internet grew in the lap of these servers. With
cloud computing we have come a full circle. We come back to the centralized computing
infrastructure. But this time it is something which can easily be accessed via the internet and
something over which we have all the control.

In 1999, Salesforce.com was established by Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, and their associates. They
applied many technologies developed by companies such as Google and Yahoo! to business
applications. They also provided the concepts of "on demand" or SaaS with their real business and
successful customers. The key for SaaS is that it is customizable by customers with limited
technical support required. Business users have enthusiastically welcomed the resulting flexibility
and speed.

In the early 2000s, Microsoft extended the concept of SaaS through the development of web
services. IBM detailed these concepts in 2001 in the Autonomic Computing Program, which
described advanced automation techniques such as self-monitoring, self-healing, self-configuring,
and self- optimizing in the management of complex IT systems with various storage.

servers, applications, networks, security mechanisms, and other system elements that can be
virtualized across an enterprise.

Amazon played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their data
centers. Having found that the new cloud architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency
improvements whereby, small, fast- moving teams could add new features faster and easier.
Amazon started providing access to their systems through Amazon Web Services on a utility
computing basis in 2005.

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In 2007. Google, IBM, and a number of universities embarked on a large scale cloud computing
research project. By mid-2008, Gartner saw an opportunity for cloud computing "to shape the
relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them",
and observed that organizations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets
to per-use service-based models" so that the "projected shift to cloud computing... will result in
dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and in significant reductions in other areas."

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Characteristics Of Cloud Computing:

1. On-Demand Self-Service

A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network
storage as needed automatically without involving the cloud service provider.

2. Broad Network access:

Cloud computing simply means network access from just about anywhere worldwide. Use a
standard web browser to access the user interface, without any software add-ons or specific OS
requirements. You just need to log in to your account using an internet connection in order to
extract the important feature of cloud computing as it really helps in generating the best possible
results.

3. Resources Pooling:

Resource pooling is one of the essential characteristics of Cloud Computing Resource pooling
means that a cloud service provider can share resources among several clients, providing everyone
with a different set of services as per their requirements. It is a multi- client strategy that can be
applied to data storage services, processing services, and bandwidth provided services. The
administration process of allocating resources in real-time doesn't conflict with the client's
experience.

4. Easy Maintenance:
This is one of the best cloud characteristics. The servers are effortlessly maintained, and the
downtime remains low or absolutely zero sometimes. Cloud Computing powered resources undergo
several updates frequently to optimize their capabilities and potential. The updates. are more viable
with the devices and perform quicker than the previous versions.

5. Security:
Data security is one of the best characteristics of Cloud Computing Cloud services create a copy of
the data that is stored to prevent any form of data loss. If one server loses the data by any chance,
the copy version is restored from the other server. This feature comes handy when several users
work on a particular file in real-time and a file suddenly gets corrupted.

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Cloud Computing Types

Fig.2(Cloud Computing Types)

1. Public Cloud

• Public cloud computing utilizes resources provided by third-party providers over the internet,
catering to organizations and individuals who seek to utilize or purchase them. Some
resources are free, while others are available through subscription or pay-per-usage models.
• It offers a wide array of services, including artificial intelligence, developer tools, storage,
and computing capacity, enabling companies to leverage advanced technologies and achieve
global scalability without the burden of infrastructure management.
• In contrast to private cloud models, which restrict access to a single organization, public
clouds provide resources to multiple users, facilitating nearly infinite scalability and self-
service provisioning to meet diverse workload and user requirements.
• Public cloud serves as an alternative to traditional on-premises IT setups and other cloud
computing models, offering scalability and provisioning flexibility to meet evolving business
needs.

Fig.3 (Public Cloud)

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2. Private Cloud
• Private cloud infrastructure serves a single organization, managed either internally or by a
third party, and can be hosted internally or externally. Implementing a private cloud involves
significant effort to virtualize the business environment and necessitates reevaluation of
existing resources.
• While private cloud projects can enhance business operations, each step raises security
concerns that must be addressed to mitigate vulnerabilities.
• Self-run data centers are capital intensive, requiring space, hardware, and environmental
controls. Regular refresh cycles incur additional capital expenses.
• Critics argue that self-run data centers require ongoing investment in purchasing, building,
and managing infrastructure, contrary to the hands-off management associated with cloud
computing's economic model.
• Some vendors offer solutions labeled as private or internal clouds, aiming to replicate cloud
benefits while addressing concerns about data security, governance, and reliability.
• While analysts once predicted private cloud networks as the future of corporate IT, their
realization remains uncertain even within the same organization.
• Analysts anticipate that in the coming years, a significant portion of small and medium
enterprises will rely heavily on external cloud providers due to lack of economies of scale
and affordability constraints associated with private clouds.

Fig .4 (Private Cloud)

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3. Hybrid Cloud
• Hybrid cloud environments, expected to become standard for most enterprises, combine
internal and/or external providers, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models.
• A hybrid cloud comprises a mix of public and private cloud or on-premises resources,
interconnected to provide extended capabilities through aggregation, integration, or
customization.
• Hybrid cloud allows organizations to store sensitive data on private clouds while leveraging
public cloud services like business intelligence applications, enhancing business services.
• Adoption of hybrid cloud depends on factors such as data security, compliance, level of
control, and application requirements.
• Another use case involves using public cloud resources to meet temporary capacity needs
beyond what the private cloud can handle, enabling cloud bursting for scaling across clouds.
• Cloud bursting allows organizations to use additional compute resources from public or
private clouds only when necessary, creating a flexible IT infrastructure that supports average
workloads and handles spikes in processing demands.

Fig.5 (Hybrid Cloud)

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Types Of Cloud Services

Fig.3 (Types of cloud services)

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):

"Infrastructure as a service" (IaaS) refers to online services that provide high-level APIs used
to abstract various low-level details of underlying network infrastructure like physical computing
resources, location, data partitioning, scaling, security, backup, etc. A hypervisor runs the virtual
machines as guests. Pools of hypervisors within the cloud operational system can support large
numbers of virtual machines and the ability to scale services up and down according to customers'
varying requirements. Linux containers run in isolated partitions of a single Linux kernel running
directly on the physical hardware. Linux cgroups and namespaces are the underlying Linux kernel
technologies used to isolate, secure and manage the containers. The use of containers offers higher
performance than virtualization because there is no hypervisor overhead. IaaS clouds often offer
additional resources such as a virtual-machine disk-image library, raw block storage, file or object
storage, firewalls, load balancers, IP addresses, virtual local area networks (VLANs), and software
bundles.

The NIST's definition of cloud computing describes IaaS as "where the consumer is able to deploy
and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer
does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating
systems, storage, and deployed applications; and possibly limited control of select networking
components (e.g., host firewalls)."

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IaaS-cloud providers supply these resources on-demand from their large pools of equipment
installed in data centers. For wide-area connectivity, customers can use either the Internet or carrier
clouds (dedicated virtual private networks). To deploy their applications, cloud users install
operating-system images and their application software on the cloud infrastructure. In this model,
the cloud user patches and maintains the operating systems and the application software. Cloud
providers typically bill IaaS services on a utility computing basis: cost reflects the number of
resources allocated and consumed.

2. Platform as a Service (PaaS):

This service provides an on-demand environment for developing, testing, delivering, and managing
software applications. The developer is responsible for the application, and the PaaS vendor
provides the ability to deploy and run it. Using PaaS, the flexibility gets reduce, but the
management of the environment is taken care of by the cloud vendors. The NIST's definition of
cloud computing defines Platform as a Service as:
The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created
or acquired applications created using programming languages, libraries, services, and tools
supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud
infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the
deployed applications and possibly configuration settings for the application-hosting environment.

PaaS vendors offer a development environment to application developers. The provider typically
develops toolkit and standards for development and channels for distribution and payment. In the
PaaS models, cloud providers deliver a computing platform, typically including an operating
system, programming-language execution environment, database, and the web server. Application
developers develop and run their software on a cloud platform instead of directly buying and
managing the underlying hardware and software layers. With some PaaS, the underlying computer
and storage resources scale automatically to match application demand so that the cloud user does
not have to allocate resources manually.

Some integration and data management providers also use specialized applications of PaaS as
delivery models for data. Examples include iPaaS (Integration Platform as a Service) and dPaaS
(Data Platform as a Service). iPaaS enables customers to develop, execute and govern integration
flows. Under the iPaaS integration model, customers drive the development and deployment of
integrations without installing or managing any hardware or middleware. dPaaS delivers
integration—and data-management—products as a fully managed service. Under the dPaaS model,
the PaaS provider, not the customer, manages the development and execution of programs by

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building data applications for the customer. dPaaS users access data through data-
visualization tools.

3. Software as a Service (SaaS):

In the software as a service (SaaS) model, users gain access to application software and databases.
Cloud providers manage the infrastructure and platforms that run the applications. SaaS is
sometimes referred to as "on-demand software" and is usually priced on a pay-per-use basis or
using a subscription fee.In the SaaS model, cloud providers install and operate application software
in the cloud and cloud users access the software from cloud clients. Cloud users do not manage the
cloud infrastructure and platform where the application runs. This eliminates the need to install and
run the application on the cloud user's own computers, which simplifies maintenance and support.
Cloud applications differ from other applications in their scalability—which can be achieved by
cloning tasks onto multiple virtual machines at run-time to meet changing work demand. Load
balancers distribute the work over the set of virtual machines. This process is transparent to the
cloud user, who sees only a single access-point. To accommodate a large number of cloud users,
cloud applications can be multitenant, meaning that any machine may serve more than one cloud-
user organization.

The pricing model for SaaS applications is typically a monthly or yearly flat fee per user, so prices
become scalable and adjustable if users are added or removed at any point. It may also be free.
Proponents claim that SaaS gives a business the potential to reduce IT operational costs
by outsourcing hardware and software maintenance and support to the cloud provider. This enables
the business to reallocate IT operations costs away from hardware/software spending and from
personnel expenses, towards meeting other goals. In addition, with applications hosted centrally,
updates can be released without the need for users to install new software. One drawback
of SaaS comes with storing the users' data on the cloud provider's server. As a result,[citation
needed] there could be unauthorized access to the data. Examples of applications offered as SaaS
are games and productivity software like Google Docs and Office Online. SaaS applications may be
integrated with cloud storage or File hosting services, which is the case with Google Docs being
integrated with Google Drive, and Office Online being integrated. with OneDrive.

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Advantages Of Cloud Computing

• Cost savings:
Cloud computing eliminates the need to buy hardware and software, and can help businesses
save money on IT costs.

• Flexibility:
Cloud computing allows users to access applications and data from anywhere, with just an
internet connection.

• Scalability:
Users can pay for what they use, so they can scale up or down to meet their business needs.

• Security:

Cloud computing offers centralized data security.

• Disaster recovery:
Cloud computing offers disaster recovery.

• Performance:
Cloud computing offers increased performance and efficiency.

• Collaboration:
Cloud computing allows users to collaborate on documents and files.

• Innovation:
Cloud computing can help organizations achieve faster time to market and incorporate AI and
machine learning use cases into their strategies.

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Disadvantages Of Cloud Computing

• Downtime:
Cloud computing systems are internet-based, so outages are a possibility. Downtime can
negatively impact a business's workflow and have a significant financial impact.

• Security risks:
Storing sensitive data and applications online makes them vulnerable to cyber threats like
hacking, data breaches, and malware attacks. Other security risks include:
➢ Limited visibility

➢ Compliance issues

➢ Cybercriminals

➢ Insecure integration and APIs

➢ Insider threats

• Limited control:
Cloud computing can limit your control and flexibility.

• Vendor lock-in:
Cloud computing can lead to vendor lock-in.

• Internet dependency:
Cloud computing requires an internet connection to use. It may not work well on low speed
connections or can sometimes be slower.

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Examples Of Cloud Storage/Computing

• Here are the most popular cloud computing examples that you might be using every day:

1. Netflix
Among cloud computing examples, Netflix takes advantage of the cloud computing feature of on-
demand resources. Peak times of streaming face a large demand for server load. Using cloud
computing services allows development without the expenses of setup and maintenance of
infrastructure that can cost too much compared to migrating from in-house data centers to the cloud.
Since Netflix gets a daily increase or decrease of subscriptions, and the viewers that access their
data are not even every day, this flexibility for data centers and server resources opened possibilities
for the company to open for more subscriptions and pay for what they only consume.

2. Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant

These cloud computing examples are intelligent bots enhanced by the capacity of cloud computing
to deliver a personalized customer experience that is context-based and relevant. Using basic
commands that are programmed to initiate computer response, these bots can provide calculated
assistance through Artificial Intelligence technology. For instance, in the academic sector, cloud
computing has facilitated services where students can have their Hausarbeiten schreiben
lassen (have their term papers written), leveraging AI to ensure the content is tailored and
plagiarism-free. Additionally, these natural-language chatbots continuously develop as an important
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in cloud computing solutions, showcasing the versatility and
adaptability of cloud computing across different fields..

3. Email, Calendar, Skype, WhatsApp

Personal data can also be stored remotely via the cloud. Emails, calendars, Skype, and WhatsApp
are cloud computing examples that we use every single day. They make use of the cloud feature of
remote accessibility of data to support our data in the cloud infrastructure, helping us access them
thru the Internet anytime, anywhere. Network-based communication tools like messaging and
calling apps satisfy our needs for personal connectivity.

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5. Social Media
The power of social media is undeniable, yet this is the most overlooked cloud computing example.
Some of these platforms that keep communities connected are Facebook, LinkedIn, MySpace,
Twitter, and others. These sites are designed to gather people together depending on their
connection and their level of interaction. In the midst of navigating these digital landscapes,
individuals and organizations alike may find themselves needing to articulate their experiences or
insights in a more formalized manner, such as through a seminar paper. Opting to have
a seminararbeit schreiben lassen can provide a structured way to convey these insights while
leveraging academic rigor. The process of building a network of communities also involves
building network-based storage of our personal data, which is the cloud. Since the cloud can expand
its resources based on the demands of the website, it can easily accommodate largedata for storage
and still be open for continuous growth of this collection of information.

6. Online Storage
Dropbox, Google Drive, and Amazon S3 are the most popular online storage that can keep our files
readily accessible anytime, anywhere. They are the cloud computing examples that us take our data
with us as long as we have the Internet connection to access them. Whenever we save files into
these applications, we are already saving our files into the service provider’s server. These
applications serve as a backup of your files and provide a flexible storage size as demand arises.
Also, recovery of data is easier in the cloud, while it keeps your data secure.

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Implementation Of Cloud Computing

The implementation of cloud computing represents a paradigm shift in the way organizations
structure, manage, and utilize their IT resources. At its core, cloud computing provides a scalable
and on-demand model for accessing a variety of computing services over the internet. This
encompasses a range of service models, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a
Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS), each catering to distinct user needs. The
flexibility of cloud computing is further underscored by deployment models—public, private, and
hybrid clouds—allowing businesses to tailor their infrastructure strategies to specific
requirements.Key characteristics define the essence of cloud computing. On-demand self-service
empowers users to provision resources autonomously, while broad network access ensures
accessibility through standard interfaces. Resource pooling allows providers to dynamically allocate
resources, optimizing efficiency, and rapid elasticity facilitates swift scaling in response to changing
demands. Measured service provides transparency by tracking and monitoring resource usage,
aligning with a pay-as-you-go cost model that reduces upfront capital expenses.The benefits of
cloud computing are manifold. Cost savings arise from the elimination of substantial hardware
investments, and scalability enables organizations to effortlessly adjust resource allocations to
match workload fluctuations. Flexibility and accessibility are inherent, allowing users to access
services from virtually anywhere, fostering collaboration and mobility. Reliability and redundancy,
often offered by reputable cloud providers, enhance service availability and disaster recovery
capabilities.

However, challenges accompany the advantages. Security concerns, including data protection and
privacy issues, must be diligently addressed. Downtime, dependent on the service provider, can
impact operations. The integration of existing systems into the cloud environment poses complexity
and requires careful planning. Prominent cloud service providers such as Amazon Web Services
(AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and IBM Cloud offer a myriad of
services, spanning data storage, web hosting, big data analytics, and advanced technologies like
artificial intelligence and machine learning. Use cases for cloud computing abound, ranging from
cost-effective data storage and backup solutions to the development of dynamic web applications,
and the analysis of vast datasets for informed decision-making. In the implementation phase,
collaboration among IT teams, developers, and cloud service providers is paramount. Organizations
must assess their unique needs, choose appropriate service and deployment models, and navigate
the complexities of migration to ensure a seamless transition to the cloud. As technology continues
to evolve, cloud computing remains a pivotal enabler for innovation, efficiency, and agility in the
digital landscape.

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Conclusion
Cloud computing is novel technology that provides easy computing and access to high performance
computing, networking, storage and infrastructure through internet. Cloud computing is increasing
part of IT and many gigantic organizations are going to implement cloud computing. A number of
them provide IaaS, PaaS and some other provides SaaS. Amazon.com, Sun, IBM gives storage
service while Google Apps provides software as a service. In the near future working on data
science, artificial intelligence and machine learning service inside cloud provider to protect the
customer sensitive data such as login credential through encryption techniques and other password
protection technique inside security group, so that we can increase the efficiency and accuracy to
makes the data more secure.

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References

• https://data-flair training/blogs/features-of-cloud-computing/
• https://www.slideshare.net/NaveedFarooq2/cloud-computing-project-report
• https://www.bharathuniv.ac.in/colleges1/downloads/courseware_ece/course_outcome/non_maj_
or_electives_2/BCS%20701-CO %20Grid%20and%20Cloud%20Computing pdf
• https://www.atlassian.com/microservices/cloud-computing
• https://www.maropost.com/5-real-world-examples-of-cloud-computing/
• https://www.oracle.com/in/cloud/what-is-cloud-computing/top-10-benefits-cloud-computing/
• Books:

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