CO-ORDINATION

Co-ordination
Concept of Coordination:-

Ans:- Coordination is the process of integrating and combining the

activities of all the departments and units to bring unity of action.
Coordination is the process of integrating and combing the
activities of all the departments and units of action. It is the
process of keeping all members of an organization in close and
productive contact. It is the systematic organization of group
activity in the pursuit of a common goal. It fosters the
development of teamwork practices among all members of the
organization in order to achieve organizational goals.

Numerous departments are created in every organization based

on the nature of the activity, and many individuals are assigned to
various tasks. The activity of one department is intertwined with
the work of the organization's other departments. Managers must
play a critical role in providing instruction, direction, and
suggestions to subordinates in this situation.

According to Henry Fayol ,” Coordination is to harmonize all the

activities of a concern so as to facilitate the working and its
success.”

Effective coordination is the sign of good management and is

essential for successful completion of goal. Effective coordination
is the sign of good management and is essential for effective
operation and successful completion of organization.

1. Explain the Techniques of Effective of Coordinates?

Ans:- The effectiveness of management of any organization
depends upon the effectiveness of coordination system. The
following are the common techniques:-
i. Well Defined Goals, Plans and Policies
ii. Simplified organization Structure
iii. Modern Means of Communication
iv. Informal Personal Contact
v. Meeting and Conference
vi. Well Defined Authority and
Responsibility
vii. Effective Leadership and Supervision
viii. Participative Decision

i. Well Defined Goals, Plans and Policies:-

Ans:- A well-defined goals of the organization is one of the
means of effective coordination. When all the members of
the organization are able to understand the objective, they
can devote their duties in accordance with plan.

ii. Simplified organization Structure:-

Ans:- The simplified organization structure is one of the
means of good coordination. In the management
hierarchy, there should be a clear line of authority from
the top to the bottom. There should be an organization
chart, job divisions, and authority and responsibility
definitions for all members of the organization.

iii. Modern Means of Communication:-

Ans:- Modern means of communication is one of the per-
requisites of effective coordination. A well-defined
organizational communication system facilitates the
interchange of ideas, viewpoints, knowledge, and other
information among work groups. Subordinates can
 communicate with upper-level management, and upper-
level management can communicate with subordinates.

iv. Informal Personal Contact:-

Ans:- It is the part of voluntary coordination. When
managers maintain informal relation with subordinates, it
is more helpful to maintain harmonious relation with
them. Beside, close mutual relation among co-workers is
fruitful to gain common goals.

v. Meeting and Conference:-

Ans:- Coordinates can be achieve if there is the system of
timely meeting or conference of members in the
organization. The managers can provide guidance,
suggestion, and instruction to subordinates in-group.

vi. Well Defined Authority and Responsibility:-

Ans:- Authority and responsibility are the two wheels of a
chart and hence there must be balance between these two
concepts. It helps to avoid conflicts among various lines of
authority and create good scope to maintain effective
coordination among work

vii. Effective Leadership and Supervision:-

Ans:- Effective leadership and scientific supervision
provide coordination both during the planning and
implementation stages. Because coordination is an
interpersonal feature, its efficacy is determined by the
managers' leadership abilities. As a result, competent
leadership and scientific oversight are necessary tools for
effective cooperation.

viii. Participative Decision:-

 Ans:- Participation of both managerial and subordinate
levels in decision making process has been taken as an
important means of effective coordination. Furthermore,
both authorities are capable of devoting their
responsibilities effectively because they are aware of the
similar objectives. The managers just need to devote a
small amount of time to oversight in this case.

2. Explain the Importance of Coordination?

Ans:- Coordination brings unity of actions and concept of learn
spirit among work group. The following are the some points of
importance of coordination in organizational performance:-

i. Survival of Organization
ii. Unity of Actions
iii. Develop Efficiency
iv. Smooth Use of Resources
v. Reconcile Goals
vi. Encourage Good Personal
Relation
vii. Retention of Personnel
viii. Basis of Managerial Decision
ix. Accomplishment of Objectives

i. Survival of Organization:-
Ans:- Coordination is basis of organizational survival. If the
organization's industrial activities are not adequately
coordinated, there is a risk of continual business loss.
Maintaining coordination among all work groups is critical
for the organization's projected performance.

ii. Unity of Actions:-

Ans: As a company grows in size, the operations
become more complicated. Many of the company's
 departments, sections, systems, and people are
involved in various forms of labor, yet they all share a
same aim. One department's or employee's work may
be linked to that of other departments or workers.

iii. Develop Efficiency:-

Ans:- Coordination provides more scope for the
development of working efficiency of the operating
level workers. When co-workers have mutual relation,
they can solve their problem themselves through
mutual discussion and exchange of knowledge. Besides,
supervisors make personal contact with concerned
subordinates and solve their problem in time.

iv. Smooth Use of Resources:-

Ans:- Coordination ensures smooth use of resources for
productive purpose. Resources include men, materials,
money, and machinery, among other things.
Coordination reduces waste and loss of organizational
resources. The efficient and effective utilization of
resources contributes to increased productivity at a
predictable cost.

v. Reconcile Goals:-
Ans:- Broadly, there are two types of goals in the
organization i.e. individual goal and organizational goal.
Coordination facilitates to reconcile both the goals.
Two-way and open communication between managers
and subordinates facilitates to understand each other.
Besides, participation of both managers and
subordinates decision-making process facilitates to
fulfill objectives of both the authorities.
vi. Encourage Good Personal Relation:-
Ans:- Coordination encourages good personal relation
between managers and subordinates. It is easier to
establish a pleasant relationship with subordinates
when managers encourage informal relationships with
them. This informal relationship encourages all
members to share their perspectives, thoughts,
knowledge, and information with higher management,
which aids in making informed decisions.

vii. Retention of Personnel:-

Ans:-Employees are viewed as potential assets, and the
success of older and more experienced employees is
critical to the organization's survival and growth.
Coordination aids in the development of each
organization member's potential. It aids in the
resolution of any issues that may arise between them,
as well as the promotion of job satisfaction inside the
firm. Retaining efficient and skilled employees is a
challenge.

viii. Basis of Managerial Decision:-

Ans:- Coordination is the basis to implement other
managerial functions, such as planning, organizing,
staffing, directing, and controlling, in practical
operation. It maintains mutual relation among all the
managerial functions in the process of implementation.
Without proper coordination, other functions of
management become worthless in the process of
implementation.

ix. Accomplishment of Objectives:-

 Ans:- Coordination is essential in pursuit of common
purpose. In an enterprise, many departments and
employees involve in different types of works.
Coordination focuses on maintaining team spirit and
efforts among work groups. It connects the
organization's various work units.

3. Explain the Principle of Coordination?

Ans:- It is essential to fulfill some of the basic principle to make
coordination effective. The following are the main principle of
recommended to effectiveness in coordination:-

i. Simplified Organization
ii. Well Defined Goals, Responsibility and
Authority
iii. Harmonized Programs and Policies
iv. Direct Contact
v. Early Start
vi. Well Designed System of Communication
vii. Reciprocal Relationship
viii. Environment Adaption
ix. Effective Leadership and Supervision

i. Simplified Organization:-
Ans:- The simplified organization structure is the
primacy requirement of good coordination. From the
top down to the bottom up, there should be a clear line
of power in management. There should be an
organizational chart, work divisions, and authority and
duty definitions for each employee, as well as facilities
for good organization.

ii. Well Defined Goals, Responsibility and Authority:-

 Ans:- A well- defined objective of the organization
facilitates for effective coordination. When all the
members of the organization are able to understand
the objective, they can devote their duties in
accordance with plan. Besides, the clear definition of
authority and responsibility of each staff also facilitates
for good coordination.

iii. Harmonized Programs and Policies:-

Ans:- The scientific and practical planning can also lead
to a good coordination. The creation of programs, work
schedules, and clarification of organizational policies
also provide many opportunities for work groups to
maintain effective coordination. Plans must be
integrated as a whole, and a committee comprised of
members from all units and levels should prepare
them.

iv. Direct Contact:-

Ans:- Direct contact is one of the effective means of
achieving coordination. In organization there must be
the system of direct or face- to- face contact among
work groups. It is helpful to transmit information
among members and brings understanding on method,
process and common goals.

v. Early Start:-
Ans:- Coordination should be a part of the planning and
policy-making process from the beginning. Early on, all
members must have a mutual understanding of the
need of performance coordination. The final stages of
the development of a coordinating idea make it more
difficult to put into practice.
vi. Well Designed System of Communication:-
Ans:-It is one of the most requirements for efficient
coordination. A well-designed communication system
of the organization helps to exchange information
among work group. This two-way and open flow of
information among members creates understanding
and brings them closer for common goals.

vii. Reciprocal Relationship:-

Ans:- Coordination should be regarded as reciprocal
relationship between various factors of production. All
production components, such as man, material, money,
and management, have a reciprocal relationship. They
influence and are influenced by one another.
The scarcity of one factor causes issues in the
manufacturing process.

viii. Environment Adaption:-

Ans:- Coordination methods, techniques and process
should not be rigid or static . It should be dynamic and
adapted according to environment changes.
Environment factors are changeable according to the
changing environment of the society. This is essential to
make coordination effective.

ix. Effective Leadership and Supervision:-

Ans:- Effective leadership and scientific supervision
ensure coordination both at the planning and also in
implementation stage. Because coordination is an
interpersonal process, its success is determined by the
manager's capacity to lead. In the same way, good
supervision is necessary to boost staff morale and
preserve discipline.