Climate Type Temperature Precipitation Seasons Geographical Vegetation & Wildlife Human Unique

(Koppen) Distribution Adaptation & Features

1. Tropical Hot year-round Very high (>2000 No distinct Amazon Basin, Vegetation:Dense Lightweight The most
Rainforest (Af) (25-30°C) mm/year), no dry seasons, Congo Basin, evergreen forests, clothing, elevated biodiverse
season consistently Indonesia, vines, orchids, ferns houses, terrestrial
humid Southeast Asia Wildlife: Jaguars, agriculture ecosystem
toucans, gorillas, focused on root
tropical insects crops

2. Tropical Hot (25-35°C) Seasonal: heavy Wet season South Asia (India, Vegetation: Deciduous Rice farming, Strong
Monsoon (Am) summer rains, dry (summer), dry Bangladesh), West tropical trees, rice water storage monsoon
winter season (winter) Africa, coastal paddies systems, elevated winds
Brazil houses influence
rainfall
patterns

3. Tropical Warm to hot Moderate Distinct rainy & Africa (Serengeti), Vegetation: Grasses, Nomadic herding, Home to large
Savanna (Aw) (20-35°C) (750-1250 mm/ dry seasons Brazil, northern scattered acacia trees seasonal farming, herbivore and
year), wet & dry Australia Wildlife: Lions, eco-tourism predator
seasons giraffes, elephants populations

4. Desert Extreme: hot Very low (<250 Extreme dry Sahara, Arabian Vegetation: Cacti, Nomadic lifestyles, Some deserts
(Arid - BW) (>50°C) or cold mm/year) conditions Desert, Atacama, succulents, hardy oasis agriculture, receive
(-10°C at night) Mojave shrubs Camels, underground water virtually no
scorpions, fennec wells rainfall for
foxes years

5. Steppe Warm summers Low to moderate Distinct summer Central Asia Vegetation: Ranching, pastoral Prone to
(Semi-Arid - (BS) (15-35°C), cold (250-500 mm/year) & winter (Mongolia), Great Grasslands, shrubs farming, wheat droughts &
winters (-10°C seasons Plains (USA), Wildlife: Bison, cultivation desertification
in some Patagonia wolves, prairie dogs
regions)

6. Mediterranean Warm to hot Moderate Hot, dry California, Italy, Vegetation: Olive Vineyards, citrus Ideal for wine
(Csa, Csb) summers (400-1000 mm/ summers & Greece, South trees, grapevines, farming, tourism production
(25-30°C), mild year), dry summers mild, wet Australia, Cape evergreen shrubs due to climate
winters winters Town Wildlife: Foxes, balance
(10-15°C) rabbits, lynxes
Climate Type Temperature Precipitation Seasons Geographical Vegetation & Wildlife Human Unique
(Koppen) Distribution Adaptation & Features
Activities

7. Humid Hot summers High (1000-2000 Four seasons, Southeastern Vegetation: Deciduous Rice, cotton Commonly hit
Subtropical (Cfa, (25-35°C), mild mm/year), evenly but mild winters USA, China, and evergreen forests farming, urban by hurricanes
Cwa) winters (5-15°C) spread or Argentina, Japan Wildlife: Deer, development & typhoons
monsoonal alligators, turtles

8. Marine West Mild summers High (1000-2500 Cool summers, UK, Pacific Vegetation:Temperate Timber industry, Foggy &
Coast (15-25°C), cool mm/year), frequent mild winters Northwest (USA, rainforests, moss, ferns fishing, dairy cloudy
(Cfb, Cfc winters (0-10°C) rain Canada), New Salmon, elk, bears farming weather
Oceanic) Zealand, Chile common due
to ocean
influence

9. Humid Warm to hot Moderate to high Four distinct Eastern USA, Vegetation: Mixed Diverse Large
Continental (Dfa, summers (600-1500 mm/ seasons Russia, Canada, forests (deciduous & agriculture, heavy seasonal
Dfb, Dwa, Dwb) (20-30°C), cold year), year-round Korea coniferous) clothing in winter temperature
winters (-20 to or seasonal Wildlife: Bears, variation
5°C) moose, foxes

10. Subarctic Short, cool Low to moderate Long, harsh Siberia, Canada, Vegetation:Coniferous Fur trade, limited World's largest
(Dfc, Dfd - summers (300-800 mm/year), winters; short Scandinavia forests (pines, spruces) agriculture, continuous
Boreal/Taiga) (10-20°C), very mostly snow summers Wildlife: Wolves, logging forest
cold winters lynxes, wolverines ecosystem
(-40 to -10°C)

11. Tundra Cold summers Low (150-400 mm/ Long winters, Arctic Canada, Vegetation: Mosses, Fishing, Permafrost
(ET - Polar) (0-10°C), year), mostly snow very short Greenland, lichens, dwarf shrubs subsistence prevents
freezing winters summers northern Russia Wildlife: Polar bears, hunting, deep-rooted
(-50 to -10°C) Arctic foxes, reindeer insulation-focused plant growth
architecture

12. Ice Cap (EF - Always below Very low (<200 No seasons, Antarctica, Vegetation:None Research stations, World's
Polar) freezing (-60 to mm/year), mostly constant Greenland interior Wildlife: Penguins, minimal human coldest and
0°C) snow extreme cold seals, krill habitation driest climate

13. Highland (H - Varies with Varies with altitude Varies by region Himalayas, Andes, Vegetation: Alpine Terrace farming, Temperature
Mountain altitude Rockies, Alps meadows, coniferous wool-based drops by
Climate) forests clothing ~6.5°C per
Wildlife: Snow 1000m altitude
leopards, mountain
goats