Latin Notes
Noun Endings
Nom -a -ae -us -i -? -es
Gen -ae -arum -ī -orum -is -ium
Dat -ae -is -o -is -i -ibus
Acc -am -as -um -os -em -es
Abl -a -is -ō -is -e -ibus
Verbs
1. amō, amare, amavi, amatus
2. vidēo, vidēre, vīdī, visus
3. mitto, mittere, mīsi, missus
4. dormio, dormire, dormīrī
Verb Parts
_______, _______, _______, _______
Present Imperfect Perfect PPP
Future Pluperfect
PAP
Verb Endings
Present
-o
-a
-t
-mus
-tis
-nt
Imperfect
-bam
-bas
-bat
-bamus
-batis
-bant
Perfect
-i
-isti
-it
-imus
-istis
-erunt
Future
-bo
-bis
-bit
-bimus
-bitis
-bunt
Pluperfect
-eram
-eras
-erat
-eramus
-eratis
-erant
The Future Tense
First & Second
- tense marker + personal ending
- āre & ēre
Third & Fourth
- vowel Shift + personal ending
- ere & īre
3rd Conjugation
1st scribam scribemus
2nd scribēs scribetis
3rd scribet scribent
3rd -io Conjugation
1st iaciam iaciēmus
2nd iaciēs iaciētis
3rd iaciet iacient
4th Conjugation
1st audiam audiemus
2nd audiēs audiētis
3rd audiet audient
Irregular Verbs
tense marker + personal endings
- eo, ire, ii
vowel shift + personal endings
- volo, velle, volui
- nolo, nolle, nolui
- ferro, ferre, tuli, latus
Passive Voice
Present
1st 2nd 3rd 3rd -io 4th
amor moneor ducor capior audior
amoris monēris duceris caperis audīris
amatur monētur ducitur capitur audītur
amamur monēmur ducimur capimur audīmur
amamini monēmini ducimini capimini audīmini
amantur monentur ducuntur capiuntur audiuntur
Imperfect
1st 2nd 3rd 3rd -io 4th
amābar vidēbar mittēbar capiēbar
amābāris vidēbāris mittēbāris capiēbāris
amābātur vidēbātur mittēbātur capiēbātur
amābar vidēbar mittēbar capiēbar
amābāris vidēbāris mittēbāris capiēbāris
amābātur vidēbātur mittēbātur capiēbātur
Future
1st 2nd 3rd 3rd -io 4th
amābor vidēbor mittar capiar audiar
amāberis vidēberis mittēris capiēris audiēris
amābitur vidēbitur mittētur capiētur audiētur
amābor vidēbor mittar capiar audiar
amāberis vidēberis mittēris capiēris audiēris
amābitur vidēbitur mittētur capiētur audiētur
Case & Reason
1. Nominative
a. Subject - sabina ambulat
2. Genative
a. Possesion - librium sabinae video
3. Dative
a. indirect object - sabinae librum dabō
b. special verbs - sabinae credimus
i. credere, resistere, placēre, appropinquare
4. Accusative
a. prepositions - ab sabinam ambulō
b. direct object - sabinam occidī
c. Extent of time - tres horas currebam
5. Ablative
a. prepositions - cum sabinā cenāvī
b. time when - primā horā
6. Vocative
a. direct adress - sabina venī mecum
Uses of the ablative - by, with, in/on, and from (most of the time)
1. Ablative of Place From
a. Usually uses a preposition -ab, ē, de
b. Sometimes without - Cives Roma fugerunt - especially in cities
2. Ablative of Place Where
a. Usually uses a preposition - in, sub
b. Occasionally found without - pax terrā marique
3. Ablative of Accompaniment (Indicates action done with (in the company of) someone)
a. Always uses a preposition - cum amicis ad forum
4. Ablative of Time (Indicates time when)
a. Never uses a preposition - prima luce familia surgit
b. Occasionally indicates time within
5. Ablative of Means/Instrument (Indicates the means or instrument (tool) by witch
something is done)
a. Object not person - (By/With)
b. Never uses a preposition - Alexander imagines manibus faciebat
6. Ablative of Agent (Indicates the doer (agent) of a passive verb form)
a. Always uses a preposition - ā/ab
b. Always a person - Sabina ab amica salutatur
PAP
Singular Plural
Nominative currēns currentes or currentia
Genative currentis currentium
Dative currenti currentibus
Accusative currentem or currēns currentes or currentia
Ablative currenti currentibus
Ex. We applauded for the singing children
PPP
1. 4th Principal Part of any latin verb
2. “Having been ___-ed”
3. Endings are 1st and 2nd declention adjective endings
4. Conjugation
a. Conjugation verbs: tus, ta, tum
i. amatus, ladatus
b. Other conjugation verbs: tus, sus, alia
i. Missus, ductus, scriptus, iussus, auditus, petitus
Substantive
Multī
- Substantive
- masc. nom. pl.
Omnis
- Omnēs - m./f.
- Omnia - neut.
facit/fecit/faciet
present/perfect/future
Bonus, a, um - good
Melior, melius - better
Optimus, a, um - best
Possesive Adjectives
Meus, mea, meum
Tuus, tua, tuum
Noster, nostra, nostrum
Vester, vestra, vestrum
Suus, sua, suum
Personal/Reflexive Pronouns
1st S 1st P 2nd S 2nd P 3rd
Nominative ego nōs tū vōs (is, ea, id)
Genative meī nostrī tuī vestrī suī
Dative mihi nobis tibi vobis sibi
Accusative mē nōs tē vōs sē
Ablative mē nobis tē vobis sē
Adjectives
1. Agree with Noun
a. Gender - masc/fem/neuter
b. Number - sing/plural
c. Case
Imperative
- A command
- Remove -re for sing
- Replace -re with -te for plural
Superlative
- issimus/a/um - very/the most
