Republic of the Philippines

Region I
Candon National High School
Division of Candon
Candon City, Ilocos Sur

Candon Calamay: A Mathematical

Investigation

A Mathematical Investigation
Presented to
Division Research Committee
Schools Division of Candon City, Ilocos Sur

by:
GAGARIN, LANSTER
VILLANUEVA, SARAH ERICKA

Minervina Jimenez
Math Adviser

1
 Table of Contents

PART 1

I. Student Checklist

………………………………………………………………………………………… 1

II. Research Plan

A. Rationale

………………………………………………………………………………………

…4

B. Research Question or Problem

………………………………………….……………… 4

C. Hypothesis

………………………………………………………………………………………

D. Goals/ Expected Outcomes

……………………………………………….……………… 5

E. Research Methods/ Procedures/ Risk and Safety

……………………….……… 5

F. Bibliography ………………………………………………...

…………………………………. 4

III. Approval Form …………………………………………………...…………...

………………………… 5

2
IV. Abstract

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

.. 9

PART 3

V. Body of the Writeup

A. Introduction

………………………………………………………………………...……………..

10

B. Framework

………………………………………………………………………………..….……

16

C. Findings ………………………………………………………..…..…..…..…..

…..….…………… 17

D. Conclusions and Recommendations

………………………………………..…..………. 28

E. References

……………………………………………………………………………………….…

31

3
 RESEARCH PLAN

A. Rationale

This study was conducted to investigate the mathematics behind

the production, packaging, and marketing of the sweet delicacy

Calamay in Ilocos. The mathematical investigation aimed to address

the ratio and proportion of the Calamay mixture, the ranges of its

packages in terms of size, shape, diameter, thickness, and weight

and the optimization of profit for manufacturers. The findings

revealed the mathematical equation for the Calamay mixture, the

dimensions and weights of Calamay in different packaging, and the

rollability of Calamay in various sizes. The study also uncovered the

unit price and profit optimization strategies and best buy package

of the product. The implications of the study include potential

improvement in product packaging and marketing strategies to

optimize profit.

B. Research Question or Problem

1. What is the ratio and proportion of the Calamay mixture?

2. What are the ranges of the Calamay packages in size,

shape, diameter, thickness, and weight in

a. plastic wrap

b. box/canister

c. coconut shell?

4
 3. What is the mathematics behind the various packages of

the said product in

a. shape and size

b. rollability when thicker?

4. Which is the best buy package of Calamay?

5. How can the manufacturers optimize their profit with this

sweet delicacy?

C. Hypothesis

1. There is a ratio and proportion of the Calamay mixture.

2. There are ranges of Calamay in size, shape, diameter,

thickness and weight in Plastic wrap, Box/Canister, and

Coconut shell.

3. There is mathematics behind the various packages of the

product in shape, size and rollability when thicker.

4. There exists a best-buy package of Calamay.

5. The manufacturers can optimize their profit with the

sweet delicacy.

D. Goals/Expected Outcomes

This investigation aims to explore the mathematics behind the

production, packaging, and marketing of the sweet delicacy

Calamay in different sizes and shapes. This study sheds light on the

5
mathematical aspects of Calamay production and marketing,

providing valuable insights for producers and sellers.

E. Research Methods/Procedures/Risk & Safety

The researchers gathered data through field visits to Calamay

production sites and interviews with business owners, vendors, and

customers. They gathered data on the ingredients and production

process, packaging options, and pricing of Calamay. They explored

the different sizes, shapes, thicknesses, and weights of Calamay in

plastic wrap, box/canister, and coconut shells. The researchers also

experimented with different shapes and thicknesses of the product

and observed customer preferences and pricing strategies.

Bibliography

Official Gazette of Albay. (2019, May). Province of Albay. Retrieved

May 16, 2023, from albay.gov.ph

LetsPalawan. (2017, February 8). Palawan.

Guide to the Philippines. (2019, January 14). Pasay City.

Asia Firms. (2019). Retrieved April 12, 2023, from

www.candoncityecopark.com,

https://ph.asiafirms.com/ilocos/candon-city-eco-park-

957372.html

6
Press, W. (2008, June 23). Candon City's Weblog. Retrieved April

26, 2023, from

https://candoncity.wordpress.com/2008/06/23/candon-city-

feature/

UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (1992, January 1). Retrieved 12

June, 2023, from https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/722/

Cooperative Development Authority. (2020, September 23).

Retrieved June 16, 2023, from

https://cda.gov.ph/region-7/calamay-a-popular-delicacy-of-

bohol/

7
8
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10
I. Introduction

The string of more than 7,100 islands of the Philippines is

each well known for its respective religious landmarks, top-rated

tourist attractions, and native delicacies. Foreign tourists and local-

Filipinos as well are fond of exploring the world-renowned natural

wonders of the country along with the unique local cuisine

considered as “you’ve not been there if you have not tasted their

signature food”. This delectable word-of-mouth attention is the best

food souvenir from the visited place because a huge and rewarding

part of traveling has to do with the best food elegance in town. A

festival for both the eyes and the stomach is what one needs for a

catchy and remarkable escapade.

The gigantic island of Luzon has the world-class perfect cone

of the Mayon volcano in Albay along with its homegrown premium

pili nuts. (Official Gazette of Albay 2019) The usual favorites are

crispy candies pili nuts with honey and roasted and salted pili nuts.

Also, a must-try dishes are the famous native chili-hot dish

Pinangat, and the tastebud awakening Bicol Express - pork cubes

cooked in coconut milk and chili with that yumminess you’ll crave

after. (Official Gazette of Albay 2019)

The archipelagic and ecological frontier province of Palawan

boasts crystal-clear blue waters and pristine and serene white sand

11
beaches and seascapes. One of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites,

Puerto Princesa Underground River channels its way through

caverns and flows directly underneath the St. Paul Mountain

Range. What channels to the stomach is the famous baked hopia in

different flavors like ube, mongo, and pork. Along with this are

their island’s exotic delicacies like Crocodile sisig and Tamilok – a

special woodworm mollusk ceviche. (LetsPalawan 2017)

Another on the bucket list is the National Culture Treasure of

the Philippines and considered the Eight Natural Wonder of the

World – the spectacular and majestic hand-carved Rice Terraces in

Banaue, Ifugao. It is a perfect place to explore the network of fields

and an exceptional living cultural landscape. Along with this

picturesque astounding view are their unique delicacies such as

Binakle - a rice cake made from pounded glutinous rice "dayakkot"

with sesame seeds wrapped in banana leaves and Bayah, a rice

wine made from an indigenous variety of glutinous rice fermented

using a native woody herb called onwad as a yeast agent.

( (UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1992)

Known for its centuries-old architecture, Ilocos Sur is the

perfect destination for history buffs and curious travelers alike.

Ilocos Sur is world-famous for not one, but two UNESCO World

Heritage Sites that let you travel back in time (Asia Firms 2019).

12
Ilocano cuisine is widely known as one of the Philippines’ best. Your

stay in Ilocos would be incomplete without a plate of the famous

Vigan longanisa paired with sukang Iloko for a unique tongue

experience. There’s more on the dining table. Bagnet, Pinakbet,

Empanada, Okoy, and Royal Bibingka are must-try foods and

distinctive cuisine in the province.

Ilocos expedition is also incomplete without dropping by at the

country’s largest producer of Virgiňa-type tobacco, Candon City.

This “C” shape coastal component city is endowed with a diverse

and colorful eco-park situated at barangay Palacapac which is a

sanctuary of flora and fauna and a captivating view of the

Darapidap Bay walk and a three-kilometer stretch of gray sand with

gorgeous beaches that are known to be the widest one in Ilocos

Sur. ( (Asia Firms 2019)

Along with this, the city as the fast-rising city in North Luzon

is also known to the rest of the world for making the heaviest and

largest Calamay – a signature and must-taste delicacy of the city.

This glutinous rice cake gained enormous media mileage after the

city government sponsored the baking of one giant Calamay placed

at the city plaza in 2005. It followed up it with bigger size and

weight in its attempt to break the current Guinness World record of

2, 097 kilos owned by Japan in 2002. It was able to break it as 45

13
Calamay bakers were able to churn out 2, 547 kilos. The Calamay

needed 200 gantas of ground glutinous rice, milk from 2, 000

coconuts, 1,200 kilos of white and brown sugar mixture, and

cooked in 125 vats. (Press 2008)

Calamay, the best pasalubong from the C-city, is a sweet

sticky delicacy made of glutinous rice, grated coconut, coco milk,

and brown sugar or muscovado. The regular Calamay is brown in

color because of the brown sugar or molasses. It is thinly flattened

in a round shape. They also packaged it in a coconut shell with the

husk and hang it at the stalls of the vendors. It also comes in

another variety, the white one which is made up of ground

glutinous rice cooked in coconut milk and white sugar.

(Cooperative Development Authority 2020)

The favorite product by Candonians and Ilocos tourists which

has already invaded the international market comes in different

sizes. In an interview with Wilma Canaria of Bagar, Candon City,

the proprietor of WILMA’s Calamay at Stall #26 of the

CALAMAYAN stand, the small, medium, and large Calamay have

weights of 4.9, 6, and 6.9 and 0.2 cm thin respectively. Meanwhile,

the sweet delicacy also comes in boxes, she added.

In a visit to the actual making of the Calamay, the researchers

witnessed the way it was prepared from the grating of the coconut

14
to the grinding of the glutinous rice and sequentially mixing of all

the ingredients. Mang Bonifacio Valdez, the cook of ma’am Analisa

Abaya, the sixth of seven children of Caridad (Caring) Dario, one of

the pioneers of the delightful rice cake, cooked it patiently and

meticulously in a wok over a woodfire within five hours of

continuously stirring it until sticky.

This treat that symbolizes the closeness and sweetness of

Candonians is thinly flattened in a round shape of the desired size

in a 100 cm by 30 cm cellophane while it is still hot so as not to

stick. After letting it cool for 30 minutes, it is then wrapped with

individual clingfilm. For the small medium and large Calamay, five

pieces are placed in another plastic pack and then tied with a

ribbon for more presentable packaging. If ordered as a gift or

special pasalubong, the sweet dainty is contained in a hard shell of

the coconut and wrapped with a banana husk.

In an interview with Ma’am Lorna Dario Ramones, the fifth

child of Nana Caring, said that the favorite present has peak

seasons such as the Holy Week, All Saints’ Day, and Christmas

vacation. “Agpatpatnag kami agluto, nakong!”, she boasted. During

these periods, they cook five times the usual three gantas of

glutinous rice every day which has been taking them almost

overnight to bake their favorite foodstuff. The mixture of the

15
ground glutinous rice, the meat of 30 pieces of medium matured

coconut, and 10 kilos of brown sugar will take almost 5 hours to

cook. Other than these, she lamented that they already have

sluggish sales during ordinary days at the Calamay Stalls. She also

took a deep sigh when she remembered what happened to their

source of living during the pandemic. Their business shut down to

operate with zero income including her employees.

In a quick immersion of the researchers on Calamay making

at the LSJ (Lorena Ena, Sheryl, and Janice) Cornick and Jo-enS

Calamay, they were able to engage themselves in the actual

preparation, cooking, and packaging of the product through the

guidance of their master chef Mang Jose Escalona, the husband of

Lorena Ena. They found out that it took almost 6 hours to complete

the process of grinding glutinous rice, grating the meat of the

coconut aside from extracting the milk from another set of

coconuts, and gradually mixing all the ingredients in a wok under

fire. While the smooth and sweet Pasalubong was about to cook

completely, Mang Jose sighed that their sales weakened when the

Calamay Stalls were transferred from the heart of the city proper

near to their business location. “Bareng malako amin dagitoy

Calamay no rabii,” he deeply worried as the product would only last

for 3-4 days accordingly.

16
 A series of commercial situations were heard in a random

interview of the stall owners at the Calamay stand beside the City

Trade Fair, along the national highway of Barangay Tablac, Candon

City. Most of these are the downturn in sales. Others groan for the

spoilage of the product for not being able to dispose within the shell

duration.

Moreover, the student interviewers observed that the native

delicacy which usually concludes tourists’ visit to Ilocos just comes

in brown and white colors, no other else. Also, the saccharine savor

of it sometimes sickens the patrons and clients.

These quandaries of the Calamay stall owners, vendors, and

producers, and on-the-spot interviews and observations prompted

the researchers and number enthusiasts to conduct a mathematical

investigation behind the One Town One Product (OTOP) Calamay to

answer the following questions:

1. What is the ratio and proportion of the Calamay mixture?

2. What are the ranges of the Calamay packages in size,

shape, diameter, thickness, and weight in

a. plastic wrap

b. box/canister

c. coconut shell?

17
 3. What is the mathematics behind the various packages of

the said product in

a. shape and size

b. rollability when thicker?

4. Which is the best buy package of Calamay?

5. How can the manufacturers optimize their profit with this

sweet delicacy?

The researchers are hopeful and optimistic that these queries

be answered through conducting a thorough investigation.

II. Framework

A. Methodology

The investigators made their plan of action to conduct the said

study. First, they sought relevant studies across the internet. They

also visited nearby university libraries to check on related literature

and found nothing. They also inquired about the teachers who

already finished their graduate studies or those who are still having

it if they have known of any who already administered such

research and discovered one case study. However, the study’s

owners didn’t want to share their output.

Moreover, the duo visited barangays Bagar and San Agustin,

the haven of the sweet delicacy Calamay. Here, they were able to

witness the making of it from the grinding of glutinous rice, the

18
grating of coconut meat, and the mixing of all ingredients while

cooking it in a wok over continuous firewood to the flattening of the

rice cake to a round shape while still hot for it not to stick. While

this was being witnessed, they also tried to immerse themselves in

the flattening and sizing of the product. They did exploration and

experimentation with the possible thicknesses and shapes that may

stimulate sweet delight enthusiasts to buy. While doing the process,

they also inquired about the business owners, the cook, and the

staff as well to unravel stories behind Calamay.

The mathematics enthusiasts also went to the LSJ Jo-enS

Calamay Business Center and Calamay Stand along the national

highway in Barangay Tablac, Candon City to interrogate the stall

owners or the salespersons there. Here, they were able to gather

the needed information and listen to the stories and sentiments of

the people behind the delightful dessert.

B. Definition of Terms

a. Calamay – a sweet delicacy as a favorite pasalubong

(present) from the City of Candon. This is a rice cake made of

ground glutinous rice, grated coconut meat, and brown sugar.

b. Ganta – a unit of volume for glutinous rice grains equivalent

to eight chupas or about three liters.

19
 c. matured coconut - coconut which exhibits color break,

sloshing, and shell darkening or meat hardening at 10 to 12 months

from pollination. (PNS.BAFS, 2022)

d. wok – a round bottom cooking utensil with high sides or a

big kawali.

e glutinous rice – sticky rice also known as malagkit

f. canister – a 500 ml plastic tub as a container for 12 pieces

of Calamay

g. Calamay box – a 14 cm by 9 cm personalized business box

intended for 6 pieces of Calamay

III. Findings

The researchers’ visit to the Calamay hub gave them the

chance to investigate, explore and experiment with the

mathematics behind this favorite treat. Their findings are narrated

below.

The Calamay mixture consists of 3 gantas or 7.5 kilograms of

ground glutinous rice, 10 kilos of brown or white sugar, and 30

medium-sized matured coconut equivalents to 13 kilograms of

grated coconut meat. When cooked, the fav delicacy becomes

approximately 38 kilograms in weight. When presented as an

equation, it is 7.5r + 13c + 10s = 38C wherein r represents

glutinous rice, c stands for the number of coconuts, s refers to the

20
brown or white sugar, and C depicts Calamay. The delicacy will

last for 4-5 days only.

The findings of the sizes with the corresponding diameter and

weight of each flattened piece of the native delicacy are described

in Table 2.a below.

Table 2. a

Ranges of the Size, Shape, Diameter, Thickness, and Weight of the

Calamay in Plastic Wrap

Diameter Thickness Weight

Sizes
Shape (in cm) (in cm) (in grams)

(1) Small 4.9 0.2 12

(2) Medium round 6 0.2 18

(3) Large 6.9 0.2 24

Table 2.a shows the different sizes, shapes, diameters,

thicknesses, and weights of Calamay in plastic wrap. The sizes are

small, medium, and large with diameters of 4.9, 6, and 6.9 cm

respectively and all their shapes are round. The weights of 12, 18,

and 24 grams of small, medium, and large ones respectively also

reveal the volume of the product. An arithmetic sequence is evident

too. The common difference between the weights is 6 with an

21
equation of w = 6s + 6 wherein w denotes weight and s stands for

the number indicated in each of the sizes per piece of the treat.

Moreover, there is an offer of extra-large-sized Calamay with

a diameter of approximately 12 centimeters flattened in a 31cm by

31 cm plastic wrap and weighs 82 grams. It is almost equivalent to

5 pieces of medium-sized encased in one. This packaging amazes

buyers because of the size and is sometimes preferably bought,

according to Ma’am Ramones, the owner of Lorna’s Calamay.

Table 2.b

Ranges of the Size, Shape, Diameter, Thickness, and Weight of the

Calamay in Box/Canister

Diameter Thickness Weight

Sizes
Shape (in cm) (in cm) (in grams)

(1) Small 4.5

1.5 45.54
(box) (6 pcs)

(2) Medium round 4.5 91.08

1.5
(Canister) (12 pcs)

(3) Large 4.5

1.5 136.62
(Canister) (18 pcs)

Table 2.b reveals that the Calamay in round shape is 4.5 cm

wide and 1.5 cm thick and 6, 12, and 18 pieces of which are placed

on a small (box), medium (placed in canister), and large (canister)

22
respectively. 6, 12, and 18 show an arithmetic sequence with a

common difference 6.

The same is true with the total weights (or volume) of 45.54,

91.08, and 136.62 grams which also display arithmetic sequence

because it has a common difference of 45.54. Hence, the equation

that describes it is W = 45.54n wherein W is the total weight and n

is the number of the size of the box or canister.

Here, the researchers witnessed the use of a 4.5 cm by 1.5 cm

puto molder as a measuring cup before it is individually wrapped in

plastic and compiled in a box or canister depending on the desired

size. Consistency of the weight is evident in this kind of casing.

Table 2.c

Ranges of the Size, Shape, Diameter, Thickness, and Weight of the

Calamay in Coconut Shell

Diameter Thickness Weight

Sizes
Shape (in cm) (in cm) (in grams)

(1) Small 10 456

18

(2) ellipsoid 12 702

19.5
Medium al

(3) Large 13 21 887.25

23
 Table 2. c discloses the diameter, thickness, and weight

contents of Calamay in small, medium, and large ellipsoidal coconut

shells. The diameters, thicknesses, and weights do not manifest any

kind of sequences may be because the coconut shells they are using

are not of uniform sizes. The manufacturers just classify them into

small, medium, and large according to how they approximate them.

Furthermore, Calamay in coconut shells is just a made-to-

order product and not always available in the market.

In the exploration and experimentation of the investigators,

they tried to make different shapes and thicknesses and tested the

rollability of the Calamay. The result is shown on the next page.

Table 3.a

Mathematics Behind the Packages of Calamay in Shape and Size

Shapes Dimensions

Sizes of the Length Width Thickness

Surface (in cm) (in cm) (in cm)

square 4 4 2

Medium rectangl 8 2 2

Large e 12 2.4 2.2

right
7 8.5 3
triangle

isoscele 8.5 7 3

24
 triangle

Jumbo 22.4 - 0.8

Pizza (round) 28 - 0.8

Table 3.a divulges the possibilities of different shapes like

square, rectangle, triangle (right and isosceles), and sizes (jumbo

and pizza) of circular Calamay. The jumbo-sized delight can be

divided into 6 slices while the pizza-sized one can be divided into 8

slices with sector areas of 49.26 square centimeters and 102.63

square centimeters respectively.

In the experimentation, the investigators asked Ma’am Janice

Sy, the Calamay packager if they had already tried to make other

shapes of their product to the market. She said no because this may

vanish the authenticity of the sweet delicacy. However, if a

customer will request such, they are ever willing to do so

accordingly.

On the other hand, the researchers also experimented with

the thicknesses and rollability of the product. ( Note: Calamay is

used to be rolled first before being consumed.) The result is shown

in Table 3.b.

25
 Table 3.b

Mathematics Behind the Packages of Calamay in Rollability when

Thicker

Rollability

Thickness Small Mediu

Large Jumbo Pizza
(cm) (4.9cm m
(6.9 cm) (22.4cm) (28cm)
) (6cm)

0.5     

1     

1.5 x    

2 X X x  

2.5 X X x  

3 X X x  

Table 3.b uncovers that Calamay of all the sizes can be rolled

when 0.5 and 1cm thick. However, small-sized could no longer be

26
 rolled when it is 1.5cm thick, medium and large-sized Calamay

could no longer be rolled when it is 2cm thick while the jumbo and

pizza-sized ones are still possible to roll.

The investigators also observed that although the jumbo and

pizza-sized Calamay can be rolled, the possibility of consuming it in

that manner is affected because of its length and bending capacity.

Hence, the best way to eat it like in any pizza is in sliced form.

When the researchers visited Calamay stand for the second

time, they noticed that the customers tried to look for the best buy

package of the favorite Pasalubong. They went to stall to stall to

asked for the cheapest ones without compromising the taste and

quality. (Note: The vendors gave free taste of Calamay to the

customers.) The result of their investigation is presented in the

table below.

Table 4

Unit Price Per 1 gram of Calamay

Sizes Plastic Wrap Box/Canister Coconut Shells

Weig Price Unit Weig Price per Unit Weig Price Unit

ht per Pric ht Box/Canist Pric ht per Pric

pack e er e Cocon e

of 5 ut

piece Shell

27
 s

Small 12 10 0.83 180 50 0.28 456 150 0.33

Mediu
18 20 1.11 360 100 0.28 610 200 0.33
m

33.3
Large 24 1.39 540 150 0.28 772 250 0.32
3

Avera
1.11 0.28 0.33
ge

Table 4 divulges consistency in the unit price of the sweet

treat in a box/canister and hard coconut shells but not in plastic

wrap. It is also evident that the sticky Calamay in a box or canister

with 0.28 per gram and coconut shells with 0.33 per gram is

cheaper than that in a clingfilm.

On the other hand, the vendors seem to yield more profit from

Calamay in plastic food wrap as the latter is sold for a higher price

per gram. According to Ma’am Wilma, the owner of Wilma’s

Calamay, this is also the fast-moving product at the Pasalubong

Stand. This was also agreed upon by some of the vendors in a

random interview.

Based on the observation of the math investigators who stood

near the stalls one afternoon of a long weekend, some tourists and

passersby prefer the sweet treat in a box or canister for these

28
packages boast the product's brand, uniqueness, authenticity, and

Pasalubong elegance. Furthermore, around 3% of the buyers asked

for Calamay in a hard coconut shell wrapped with a dried banana

husk for accordingly, this is the original one. However, the said

packaging is only made-to-order.

On the other hand, the manufacturers can optimize their

profit with the maximum number of large and medium-sized

Calamay in plastic wrap. Considering that medium and large-sized

sweet treats weigh 18 and 24 grams respectively and are packed at

5 pieces each, the first is sold at P20 per pack or 5 packs for P100,

and the latter is marketed as 3 packs for P100, too.

The computation table below shows the capital cost and

possible gain per set of Calamay packs sold at P100.

Table 5.a

Capital Cost and Possible Gain of Calamay in Plastic Wrap

29
 Table 5.b

Capital Cost and Possible Gain of Calamay in a Box/Canister

Moreover, the food wrappers and packagers planned to set

aside 20 kilograms to be wrapped with clingfilm out of the 38

kilograms of Calamay and the rest is to be packed in a box or

30
canister/tub. Considering that one set of 3 packs of five pieces each

of large-sized Calamay sold at P100 yields a profit of P62.6083 than

that of one set of 5 packs of five pieces each of medium-sized at

P100 which only produces a gain of P52.53555, it is assumed that

there should be more large-sized to be wrapped in plastic than the

latter.

The investigators tried to represent the variables as follows.

Let x and y denote the large and medium Calamay being sold the

other variables and parameters included were x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, x>0

and 360x + 450y ≤ 20000. The profit (p) = 62.6083x + 52.53555y.

Based on the optimization model by graphing, the feasible

point is (25,24). Hence, the profit (p) = 62.6083(25) +

52.53555(24) is Php 2, 826.06 for the Calamay in plastic wrap

alone

31
IV. Conclusions / Recommendations

The following conclusions were drawn from the results of the

study of the investigators.

1. The mixture of the favorite Ilocos treat is given by 7.5r +

13c + 10s = 38C wherein r represents glutinous rice, c stands for

the coconut meat, s refers to the brown or white sugar, and C

depicts Calamay. When cooked, it weighs around 38 kilograms or

38000 grams. The delicacy will last for 4-5 days only. Hence, the

sweet delight should be sold within the shell duration to gain,

otherwise, it is a lost.

2. The sizes of Calamay (both brown and white) are small,

medium, and large encased in cellophane, personalized box,

canister, and hard coconut shells. There is an extra-large package

of it in plastic wrap that weighs 82 grams almost equivalent to a

32
bundle of five medium sized Calamay. The sizing of the product for

both plastic-wrapped packages and hard coconut shells is merely

based on an approximation while Calamay in a box or canister is

packed based on a 4.5cm by 1.5cm puto measuring cup. This shows

the consistency of the weight of the product being marketed to

tourists. Meanwhile, the shape of the Calamay in cling film and

box/ canister is round while ellipsoid in a coconut shell. Moreover,

the sweet delight in plastic wrap is 0.2 cm thick while it is 1.3 cm

thicker with each of the 6 pcs in a box of small size, 12 pcs in a

canister of medium size, and 18 pcs in a canister of large size. The

thicknesses of Calamay in coconut shells are 18cm, 19.5 cm, and 21

cm for small, medium, and large sizes respectively. This is

consumed by using a metal fork or spoon to scoop the desired

amount to take. Hence, the delicacy can either be enjoyed by

holding it in a plastic wrap or by scooping it using a metal utensil.

3. There is Mathematics behind the various packages of the

sweet dessert in shape and size. Aside from the circular shape of it,

the product could be in the shape of a square, rectangular, or

triangular (isosceles or right). The size could also be as big as

22.4cm or 28 cm long pizza as experimented. The investigators also

tried different thicknesses of the favorite food souvenir and found

out that it is possible to make it as thick as desired provided it is

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done while still hot and let cool for 30 minutes to have a maximum

shell duration of 5 days. It does not also affect the way it is

consumed or the taste. Meanwhile, the rollability of the product

depends on the thickness and diameter of the product. When the

diameter is 4 times the thickness, it can be rolled based on the

experimentation.

4. The best-buy package of Calamay is the one encased in a

box or canister because the unit price per gram is just 0.28 cents.

This is 0.05 cents cheaper than the sweet delicacy contained in

hard coconut shells and 0.60 cents difference from the ones

wrapped in cellophane. The said package also comes with the best

presentation of the famous Pasalubong in town.

5. The manufacturers can optimize their profit by producing

25 sets of 5 packs of large-sized and 24 sets of medium-sized

Calamay since the feasible answer is (25,24). The profit p =

62.6083x + 52.53555y when evaluated as 62.6083 (25) +

52.53555(24) is P2,826.06. This amount is just the gain yield for the

20 kilos of Calamay. Meanwhile, the gain obtained from the sweet

delight in a box/tub is P2,501.422 with a total profit of P 5, 327.482

as compared to the total capital cost of P4,984 as shown in the

computation table. The profit (P) = 101.0524%TC where TC is the

total cost of production.

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 6. The investigators also recommend further study of the

favorite delicacy to find out other mathematical aspects of it

including the shell duration to avoid big losses when spoiled or

when ordered abroad.

7. Upgrading of packaging and adding compatible flavors of

the product to target young ones who are fond of aesthetic

products and other delight-engrossed customers should also be

considered and studied.

References

2019. Asia Firms. Accessed April 12, 2023.

www.candoncityecopark.com,

https://ph.asiafirms.com/ilocos/candon-city-eco-park-

957372.html.

2020. Cooperative Development Authority. September 23. Accessed

June 16, 2023. https://cda.gov.ph/region-7/calamay-a-popular-

35
 delicacy-of-bohol/.

2019. Guide to the Philippines. Pasay City, January 14.

2017. LetsPalawan. Palawan, February 8.

2019. Official Gazette of Albay. Province of Albay, May. Accessed

May 16, 2023. albay.gov.ph.

Press, Word. 2008. Candon City's Weblog. June 23. Accessed April

26, 2023.

https://candoncity.wordpress.com/2008/06/23/candon-city-

feature/.

1992. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. January 1. Accessed 12

June, 2023. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/722/.

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