> Review artici EDIBLE AND SYNTHETIC. PACKAGING FILMS FOR FOOD INDUSTRY- t : © AREVIEW dy : K's, Sandhu'and Usha Bajwat rieeisveapei Puyeb Hrdcuturel Posthervest Tecnology Cant, Pecksging 1s among thé high growth industries in recent years. Introduction of new polymer films, ‘coats and packaging systems have transformed the food and grocery distribution and retaling Into x ‘ew plane, Flexible flms afe extensively used In food packaging. A wide varlaty of syntheile films have ‘been used since long. However, edible films are latest introduction In food industry. Important eriterion for Selection includes protection, strength, compatiblity, convenience, cost and statutory requirements, The appropriateness of packaging ‘ilms has been revolutionized due to their orientation as per tha requisite erformance for numerau fold uses, There aro a large number of possible combinations of polymers and their treatments to induce Ancreased functionality In terms of presentation, protection and performance to meet diverse requirements of foods. In this paper various types of edible and synthetic fms and thelr Processing technologies to enhance the performance of these films have been discussed because of thelr significance in food packaging. The latest dovelopments have aleo been covered on related aspocts for providing new alternatives to the users of these films.” Keywords: Packaging, Films, Synthetic, Edble, Performance, Coatings, Polymer blends, INTRODUCTION © but the term ‘Nexble fim’ is usually " carbohydrates, lipids etc) obtained [Packaging is among the bigh reserved for nonbrous plashe ftom natural sources whereas er growbhincustiesinterecentyears. polymers (tom Geak plates te syncs time, yathete setae, Upgradation, bots of yadionally (Si ich ae ess than O28 mn re seas Gein mers are fd segbekcs,characees te pn in gona hsb io oe ee irends in the industry. * the properties of being relatively, Yeed stock material e.g. polyester, Ind more expensive ” egal, can be produced wih a rangsdpolyethyene, et. packaging's paneling deeper ond ofbarigrpoperies against moislie Criteria for seloction of ime « Geepet into marketing of industal pd gases.hical semlable la piavent as packaging material roduc including food produits. Jeakage of contents, and can be GDI. yPecuct proteelens Ik should Zhe las cecade bos seen great. gal Tp gage. luminunror protect te product fom mols sévancamens in te development. other plalcs, suitable fot high. (re gaseu, grease andreas, 304 pplication of new products, speed Iilin, have wat and di Action of acids and alkalis, mi syelems and qrocesces lot (gga and impact svergh easy tO-rgaism, Insects an Peering. The ie Sarasa tiup hmdleand ETaResT@tonvenen don and alter agents easing waMPeTectle psctoging where forthe mabafacurer, relates andy g0010" WBWaTrasncurogeg ver 2VBtcenatd: A packaging ium fe le ns, enum Neo. ey itis? MACAID: A pack Fave bean rackeaing systems welt ioe product und fi.coasly ue capable of wihstand. have Wanslormed the food and ia he. siapo ola foo, tnreny B,D hazards (om. srocerydetbuton andvettg mio ale ug woroge —punctur)an ah tide (gh amin tamper 1@ fabricated using umity eto) pharse (protein Compatibitty: The fm mustbe ‘November December 2007 Wob: ww.aifpa.net eta ete Articles ————_—— fully compatible with fooa ducts oF ible with food prod- the topic have been grouped into, products ree chemthout causing undesirable following four categories. heterogeneous ors wien cou bs Ghange in quality as well as 4. Edible fms and ther character. fresh, frozen, cured and pt or quantity, istics Currently. in the food and Fevenlencs: The conve: 2. Synthetic tims and their pharmacevical industy edible many _ other Wyte fin toprovse sch 3. Prceerrobay. end reine “ipa sents 2 Wearestss cosa seco, 3 sete ens ee HE chat of nese ingcapabitly, stand-up,handing 4, Edible films and their peitmers possesses its own Pacts ete. are predominant ac character:-An edible fm is defined combination of properties, tors the needs of individual 25 a thin layer of.edble material aderessng S Statutory requirement: It femed on food ae acaaing ot produce. However, composion of Goce Tre eumaalteauremen's. raced on or Between the food the edible packaging must meet the &. Cost: The economical consider, Te Or thetecan te eaiorby certain specific functional ation is @ major factor in selec- COMPS" including good consumer as part ofthe whole food, requirements tion of packaging fm and coat- er iabiBarcigcea ed feduct and must, therefore, sensosy_ quality. i EE ery froghanical_effcieM@e® Good \AAwide range of mechanital. toy there sn den deliagon BOshemigal od merobial stably ._Wietmal and “barrier veep flips and ggatnge ago tee.ollxiy ond sale Yor Teal, zstescouste peducadnins Sich aaa any ple echolony of epalesTeh. By variation in their thickness, STerchangeubielsualy cosines Menapoluting, lowcost an rfentation of polymer molecules, ore qirscly appled and formed on tarmanee to “legislative amount and type of addives and i the surface ofthe products wing slander the type and thiekness of coatings fms are formed separately 2¢ SIR cn ve conmaned wth used lm may be used Sa. Sheets andthenappied on the Ne Produc. This is the most coated with polymer or aluminfum, orSduets (Gennadios and Weller, iMPottant ment of edible fims over br produced™as multilayered a traditional packaging material, The minates or _co-exirusions, films may serve as a carrier of lastigizers are added to soften the additives such as anti-oxidants, fim and to make itis more flexible Securing, anmerail afr, especially Id cliates or ar tee ty Sweeteners, etc., thusf” can Bom pemtceal pases, wapers ang solutes, t0 enhance the organoleptic and fo; oren foods, Pigments may Le Jimprove mechanical integriy or genes the organaleplic added Jo.avold the need foc-latce Ynandling characteristics, to _funclonal properties. These ca teas of printing) There are thus @ lencapsulate aroma compounds, Seren {ory large alimber of possible. antioxidants, pigments «snd: fos pen 1g perecuar te combinations of polymers and Jutrinal substances tke viamins, FOF Tee aa eae eure meme Proseeanergeranms aier et films to meet the varied requirements, Jo replace synthetic films in some peer ear aU rpose of edible coatings fajor reason of use of edible films fis to inhibit migration of moisture, tt oats es, fo reduce enrenmantal Pattonsot fossa peas beans _Encmoustorauoisavaiebe’ fetuten es most edble ine sre aguante on the base materials used in the ° thotegradable and to improve the production of edible and synthetic ietic appearance of a product. fiz However obetuycomversant_ © cable tne con be apled by with partormance films, it: is wrapping, pach, bushing of imperauve to briefly descrive the spraying. Edible fms have Deen | alte a a cir importa aspects and proper of applied to meat, poultry, fruits, eastutacte drier-inares ‘materials, Therefore, the contents of 8, grins, confectionery INDIAN FOOD PACKER E-mal:aifps@vsni.netany other sich couse food and ry edie firs veloped from resins and properties, 3 oF incisal composition of rust mest the ding g00a hr parier ang cies, good spa abit, fe for neath, H application, 1 "cost and legisiative sonsumed with ‘is the most fle tars over material. The 23 carrier of anti-oxidants, ‘tobial agents, thus, can snoleptic and Those can also salue ofpacked ue ‘of proteins. an be used for ing of small “as peas, beans: can be Yoods ‘sand- pert bee Veautilss : BGs) is of great henna 2s huge erated during Zale predicts fic ee, rifonents a6 poskoging suc) vax, a8 Coin oil, ia Sad earises Hpi ara Ellen bariers to ever, tol bb aectod by ( ure and ims: Eble rot ediole ide eeluiose joie sand their p ee They ate poor maitre and oxygen bathers MERGE BOF use Gh ‘bali ancortih fetfoads Some file costing material ond thei properties have been summarized in “abe 1 (Trp, 2000) 44. Comportefilme: Composite ims are formated to combine the os proven of several ins 23 Sg fim or coating by using two Sr more components. Fer example protein ane poyeaccnorte fins oe fay hysrophonis but have 9300 mechaniel poparies. Adaitan of lipid tthe Fim forming solution impart hyrpnaiy Sone common and spect applications ot edible tims and coatings are Prosentee in Tables 2 and 3 respectively. 2. CSynthetic polymer films and haracte fe important and widely used synthetic Polymer films and their applications are discussed here ropertios ropertios {Good fim former. |WAdhere wel to hydrophilic surfaces e Do net resist water dusiog) Ett Gi fective barrier to ryoishures Low gas permesbilty Do natadhare bfydfophitesutaces Wve Qo0d sheen tothe produce. 00d gas barrier «Adhere wel tothe cut surfaces of ts nd vegetables, ot moisture barrier Ww Toh ‘988 permeability. v ‘Low _More permeable to water than lipids. i November-December 2007 Web: wwmaiipanetReview Articles ‘ itis used for packaging of fresh fruits end vegetables, frozen poultry frozen fish and frozen cut meats Polymerization of ethylene over a wide range of temperatures and pressures produces PE in a variety are low price, flexibly, pleasing polymers ‘appearance, sollMess, chaiMical, Polyethylene: Polyethylene ihetnass and relabvay highs and firm (PE) isthe most widely used COs permet The major demert polymer tim food packaging. The I PE is its poor resistance to properties that make i mast popular greases and ol, 2.4 Ethylene polymers and co: Table 2; Some common applications of edible films Tinicotng ait Reference Wl ot fle, pie mar Ue guava, cart, Lungs, peppers trates MeGure ard Hallman, (1925) Eee. Paul and Chen (1989), sed an 10) ‘Apricot papaya, apples, oranges, eags__| Casein Guibert (1988), Ukai etal (1976) Tghiy processed fresh produce Emulsion of protein ip | Avens-Busilos et et (1993) | Peeled carot pieces) Baldwin ota, (1985) Toecream (Sundae) cones Gellose based Rico-Pena and Terras (1980) ‘Meat, poultry and sea foods ‘Caceinate monoglerde | Hisara (1991); Baker etal (1994) cemilsion Died fs, nus, candy and cheese ein, bees wax and paefin| Andres (1964), coating | Born 1976) T (Confectionary and Cereals Cealuiose-tipit Kester and Fennema (1988) ‘Table 3: Specific coating applications Coating materials FruitVegetable Effect of coating al prolong Banks, 1984) Banana Delays ripening, bulds-up COz ae 2 depletes Oz causing effect of contoled-atmeephera A Geeta (Sunes offs) | pre Dalia detpmen cownat ‘caused by Collotorichum musa [Zespervesh with organic 68 Banana Dalys development of crown rot (Zoey otal, 1983) ‘caused by Colecotcnum musoo with neeased eft an see\ Banafia & plantains Protects & extends storage ile Tal } benperfresh and apple ‘Reduction in disease level, delay ax Bancroh, 1989) colour, weight & fimness changes ‘Nutvsaye (Davies el al, 1986) Reduces Cale productioning ottresh : i ten pout, semper ats iySmith apple | Ripening delayed at meats aaa if, avocado, melons & | Protecs, Increases chine & extends tures and a Us Lal ite : na variety ncaa ieiae Protec, nereace shine & éxtond — shelf . 2 months storage at 10°C, better in quality han untreated, bater& cheaper 141960 2 months storage at 10°C, better in 11995) ‘ual than unireted, better & cheaper » ‘ntiraneprent, meniins firmness, — felains ascorbic acd, inhibits mate al (1976) enzyme & increases polygalacturase i925) aciviy Pa. ‘Anfang, reduces water oss & =, : tmainaine quality al. (1984) Nose ‘Selectively permeable to gases such eitosan 38.002, 028 Cas an Delay colour weight fess changes a Gonirls sprouting during storage ‘986) 2) 6 5 rah ‘Acs 28 preservalve ee nd greases and beiter bartic | saree BrOPRITES: tis sed im packaging of ey lly foods and. ae of one iyi vinyl |EVA) Si has high impact and pynciyse - oi tedistance, Wetibre vanaeien, flexible and pegneable To-water f if 0 vapour and gases than LOPE. Is aes Punclure chief applicationseire as stretch wrap for trozeri poultry and for larvinating {8 a thin gauge film, Ethylene acrylic acid (EAA) and ethylene meth acrylic acid (EMA) OR IONOMERS possess ig, More resistance to ols and fats, has Superior abrasion fesistance and coating November-December 2007 Web: wnruaiton net £P brand nigh_mel anna majo ing ‘material n mest packaging. tt also finds claim in combination with polyamides, for packaging of ol and Ethylene vinylaleohol (EVOH) sins are hytrolyzed copolymers of vinyl acetzle and.wetnucpe It ee arta which ere dependent upon the coneshiralion of co-monomers, absorption) and Is costly. Its ‘applications include packaging of ‘extruded structures) 255 Polypropylene (PP) itis Tigi, stronger and lighter han PETE Tetatvely Ra TenpetRire Ee hat PRPATIS Ts use Bs a Ts \ ‘S€a1_layer_in_retort_pouiches However, itis brie below freaziy orang HT has been a large increase in the use of oriented polypropylene (OPP) (Orientation is done by stretching the film.(] reters to mechanical straightening and ai of oan PP ai me (OPPY or 5eealy 0 teoetine result Considerable mpi dierent of slvength. clarity and impact strength. OPP is not a good gos barrier but could be made good barter by coating wth Polyinydine ‘chloride (Pye) Ateatvely new adaiton to OPP isis white opaque fim made by olan FOOD packer Email alpa@ventnet Review Articios etder.tramenbroce ‘Poadlzadtim (Roberson Eerpclymericaton with 415% Spite ie oven seni lovers meting pont. tis used Shr wrapping ands over wrap for wrapping Biscuits and snack ad 23. Polyvinylchorde(PVG)s al, hart aed rangaret hes ee Pent a rode rate With plast ind. sea for packing tn sanashese able, chocie ark, eta ig co (Pvdo) has low water vapor, COZ and 02 permeabiliy ani an0 ‘favour and odour retention ‘apabily is resistant fois and {ais also postesses abrasion and chemical esetance’ jis widely used as monolyer fin combination €.9 PVG coated paper. It finds appications for the packaging of Powdered soups, calle, baby foods, snacks, chips, powdered mik, Discus, cheese, buter, margarine, ete 25 yreRD (PS) ie a polimer OP TBARS + benzene). t ‘s on exveptona clay flo. I hes high water yepour transmission cate (WTR) and gas transmission rate (GTR). Itis used for packaging of Jesh trults and vegetables and bakery goods 26 Polyamide (Nylon) is formed by condensation of amino acids. It has high mechanical strength and possesses excelent resistance to cutting, perforation, abrasion and bursting. It has high chemical resistance o ls and fas improved 2 eect eeaeh ea Fe ie opie Crea nae aoa cae eoneeeied pobre ret en Fees crane Be neon aoa Peace erioean en crc sera tesserpootfua Saisoaie ad ntesoe ee ncaykies baa roped tes NEPET pomtiooe Eee trata alee eee pee ee aa pack mi and ae ier ts Ee een Teasers = ay te eryatatine (Coen we pees Lapeer eee slice aeCTic meted oben fan einen eee aia oe 2a cee sm: Fins are Caaintinin cute puree ot aluminium to improve their barrier eee ee ra Slabs’ A thin coating at rae Produces a very good barrier to gils,” Teactacaciat a Some examples oT changes in Poa e deanna eects mort ollonmete (Games seo reine iene aang od reoy casementengin for bottle finks) erfims (es fiuma: Films are ter polymers or drove thai barrier to impart heat thin coating of seg metalization) joo barrier tools, ‘odours and light 5 of changes in sting ofa fim are of metalized tates (Guise 1984) land suitability or norms and seat onDecember 2007. eaten et er A Prony butee BODE frost wit i F ay iver ofiee Senter perc 0 designed that what emerges cut 1S @ wel bound muttayer fim. Most commonly used polymers anc other layers for co-estrusion ars given below LOPE, LLOPE, HOPE, EVA November December 2007 yes we atand PP Aadhosive layer Barrerlayer of Nyon, EVOH and PvéC Sealant layer, et In co-extrusion solvents are not Used ard as such no problem of poltution or odour on the film Moreover, there is a choice of vatious polymers to meetthe product Fequirement with respect. to ‘compatbliy, barier properties. and cust, Thin layers of film that are atherwise dificult to handle ean be produced with ths technology. For a ee Review Articles — elit nanan ssicatsd Were tec te nea es cai cgien foie Co ee quleting tsctane be Thents totboue are areca fe oma Res aot ane ea tates ried eteetahinlce teed ee mprovement aging. These are. imp mie properties for moisture, Gas nerease in durabily ent in aesthetic properties improvement in 2es ‘and reduction in cost (compared to fim made from 2 solid metal) ‘Aluminium is the most common material used for metalizing. Many fis nave been successfully metalized including PP, PVC (unplastsized) vinyledene acetate/ Vinyl chloride copolymer, polyester, polyamides, otc 3.3, Lamination: A laminate is defined as any combination of Table 6: Some applications and special properties of co-extruded films. J fra Achievablo properties ‘Applications: LOPEADPE: “wo color, moisture bare i HOPEIEVA ‘Good mechanical sealing Tomato concentrate PP Rei DPEIEVA LOPEHDPE/LDPE Moisture barier Sealing property Baked Goods Nylonvlonomerfionomer LOPEhia/Nylontien DPE (Gas bare, aroma barrier Moisture barrier Meat PPRe/EVOHMe/PP Hol fling moisture barter, Aroma barrier Frat Juice « Table 7: Some applications of coextrudd films in relation to thickness of film. thar nene Film Combinations ‘Achiovabterproperties = Product [LLOPERieMvlonfie/EAAT 100 ion Oil packaging Metalized PETILOPE*ie/EVOHMe/LLDPE 180 micron Cottee LOPE/EVAIPVDOIEVALDPE 180-100 micron ‘Spices, dry fa PPne/PVOGieiPP “100 micron ry chill powder 007 Web: woew.aifpa.ntraters cr platen eo aay ise. Recently fotm-fil-seal machi <1 emi ag ree sAiuslon coating is which can exclude head spac [er psersvetaminaton oxygen wae pac ous co {Hn Tominaton is ) are avaTatle He trapped between developed for Suitd-Cooled: The of 0.5 25 piacosinin. ‘Smithiline Beacham introduces 2 gusseted pouch system wh Stiles 2 gusset in the base provsea standing fod Thou bios s ie rier in the text _Nerayanan, 200 Vadvantage of co- ‘The major are lower cost of pouth a3 compared to metal fr glass pockage of equa carany and enhanced markstabity by te fs S| Food Applications 2 Bakery producls, cheese confecionen, died WR ae fg ; fozon vegetables ee Raton pouches Died soup, died vegoiabos and chocolate |) ‘Bag-in-box packaging Bolin be packaging {Colles dedi, potato fakes, Pozen foods MAP |S Backing, bagin-box packaging Q : {Boblcatons ot 4. Performance fms: al {given in Table 8. 4.4 Shrink films : Iti a film that ind. Beal (FFS) shrinks down air ticht when 8 subjected oheat There shrink fen was Saman (rade name) ana twas Intaly used tor trozen pouty to Provide contour wrap and ensuredabi Aang A a arctan ble These Pe vAco-pofe eee! properties tobi taken slo for shnnk wrappingpackaging Costs are lesser Howeve, lack ‘anol ofl fenslon ray result damage to the goods, Recent de two ‘oilers immediately prior to appication of a seth ln 43 Retort pouch ° The term is Used to desente a Reno pac Table 9. Major types of shrink wrappi Presaniaion poking _— To metalic contamina’ mple handling nsued opening, etc) pro The cost ofthe retort pouc an ofthe sam than lft Protecive packing ‘Wrapper for bacu vagetabes tke cxcumber, ee iroglar cuts of ean me crop acai gs cin ea aco ee at ‘ogo na dD ten Ta Be arch ina: Sitch mae aed note adhere si wap or ge permease ioe od ened hy ria nee pemtsiana ol jopter sebe The ma une wed srk wag we LOPE LDPE PVE VA coptyner and PP Sranageov 6 uve sch fin oom eve tn estan anu terre cnse aces pees Tare overt cee tee Ther page ing tes, ase 3 INDIAN FooD PACKER Int whic a food product place, sealed and then stetlized at temperature in excess of 100°C The most widely used combination for 9 retort pouch ie three polaminata which consist oF (Eeyesiar- Aluminium fol - PP im wah adhesive lar (Kotha, 200; Devasan, 2003) Insite is normaly heat soalabla polyethylene oF polypropelene, medium layer is normaly luminium fll an outside layers plyostar or biovented non. In ease of four layer laminate fl construction '8 PPA fll = nylon polyester (Kotha, 2001). Extensive studies have been carted out by DFR, Mysore and CFTRI, Mysore fon the development of suitable packaging materials for retort processed foods (Nadanasabapatny feta, 2001), uaa) ftom manufacture to consumption ae also much lees in retort pouch (@evasan at al, 2003), varaty of Products packed in retor pouch Suppliers of material and retort Pouches have been diecussed by Brody (2003 Retort pouches are used to pack tits and vegetable products ‘ke potato, peas, curry. ete, meat ch and pouty products like moat Dinan, meat chunks in curry ete fice preparations and meals ready to-eat MRE) during emergency 0.9, war. Ready to eat retort processed food in flexible pouches has Captured a significant position In the Inalan market aversince its large fale htroduetion to sorvioas during the Kargi confiet Séverat ypes of faritleds Resers for heating the RTE food pouches nave been ‘November December 2007 Eel atpo@vaninet ggg ec net Canons twa tettoap of vateg es voters Sega povme posto reno, time ay oben repice pectage ot Biocesad ota st ron badeg ‘ome ape paimer fing hata ats fen ana moto such as pa Produces omass nd naturally oF organisms ates (& butyrate (E contrliedbeof refrigeration offers better value due to as compared there yocsts stating » consumption 1 retort pouch 3) Avaraty of tort pouches, fal and retort ‘discussed by 2 are used to stable products ry, ee, mec, ucts tke meat 5 in curry etc, described By sn (2005). Curren foods are.ibeihege processed it mutes. cav ives use the onntaineelea bow. : lao developed He aeie anc cid polymers Sito fins and iosabls by bo- osting, cigastion tural polymer 1G5.of fms ftom = Starch, proton, (aiteady been fis (secon flms are being is. section ox Rt ee ETEP® (nah TE} Pde text, eae ation polmoeh ofl sbinsetoncal 1) Natu mien isa ‘A. Natural Bistiites oy omega reson Peaitacsitutary oe Ee Bitaieraene such ad grease pein such 39,68) {Natural product ‘due and polamides. Colluiose filme: Pisin celulose is 2 glossy transparent film, whic is odeuriess, tasteless and biodegradable within approximately 400 days. Its tough and puncture resistant, though it tears easily. It is ‘not heat sealable, and the dimensions and parmeabilty of the fim vary wth changes in humiiy It Is used for foods that do not require 8 complete moisture of gas barrier including resh bread and coma tye of confectionary, There are four types of coatings lenich can be appliad to re caluloss ta conterit prop make it desirate film for many food applications (Robertson, 1993) These are nitro celulose, PVC, PVC! PVdG and PE, | An international code is used to identty the vanous types ofcelhiose fims (Driscoll anc Patterson, 1998) These codes are A, Anchored (describes lacquer coating); /A Copelymer coated trom aqueous dispersion; B, Opaque; C, Coloured , Coated one side ony: F, For bist \repping: M, Moisture-proo,P, Plain (non-moisture-proot); Q, Sem mojsture;proot, S, Heat sealable, / SS, Copolymer coated from sotvent T, Transparent, U, For adhesive tape manufacture, W, Winter quality (withstands low temperatures), X Copolymer coated on one side: XX, Copolymer coated on both sides (Fellows 2000) B. Synthetic polymer films: ‘Amongst synthetic polymers such as PE, PVC and PS only aliphatic polymers are degradable. Molecular weight is a critical factor in bio- degradation Oligomers of PE with lower molecular weight (<500) are ‘Novembor-Decombor 2007 Web: wwwatpa.netee er biodegradable (Ratrov, 2001) Studies have shown that PE cannot sinileanty degrade ma reasonable time for viable disposable options ike composting C._ Synthetic polymer-blopolymer mixture: Most natural polymers sanical properties that are tis together sith @Beessing problems) tceancing Waray esr One method of overcoming these problems iso blond a natural and synthetic polymer to improve film properties while retaining biodegradability. Til recently starch ansLOPE polymers are wide used Others like cellulose, lipids and ‘vegetable proteins and Gutia percha (1-4 trans-polyisoprene) are being investigated ‘Appications of gluten fms on lass jars, chilosan-cellulose- Polceprotactone fms have been deserved by Peterson et al_ (1989). ae (Biman baat ae The\“devetesivent of active packaging systems, also termed 28 Inteligent packaging o smart flns is 2 highly significant development in MAP technology (Rooney, 1995). The technology is highly suited for fresh fruits and vegetables, meat, {sh and pouty Packaging is termed as active wien it performs some desired role rather than to provide an inet barrier to the external environment (Hotere, 1994) Ace packaging ‘is at more complete inhibition of chemical degradation than Is conventonally possible. It provides one er mare hurdles o entances the effectiveness of hurdles where Imicrobilogleal growth is tikely 0 S'S) INDIAN FOOD PACKER jew Articles seeur Two gammon methods of 1 Chemicals enclosed if a sachet eet vino fod peck 2. Saperaon freq chemical Ce ee ie sae! The fume used for the major scive packaging tachniques ora ‘sacerned wih he aubtancelecive pore pip mtu, caon dose. vos ti tote ahh serve oa ote oa ae ch mn enrbi os $905; Kouta at a, 100, lO ie pe ie Sesh a se dears 2b not provide the detelis of Samppeton aa coos aed ocdmeetemta te: fe ee Fru og. duclorton of meals, rant darlene Cees eireaca ie pachage-Tha eve postop tins cose ie = fay carte uplesions fei a Mai teaser ican aison ope tte cae Sra a Tn tat norporaes 9 os. feaichlieavengetis ras oi Sn seven 9 Rr at oieeh ee cae sce a tim ecrpoine dlnum Ce srechrant fied erren including gceue paaase ans Aote onssso he ne sure Gf the fim (Sobel and Capron 468; Labuze and Breene; 1989, Davies, 198), Ofer aternae avelopment ct fon based adhesive seoverging labels fr he ner wal seavening BSA lps vente 02 Ne SUI SO egg ad ae of the packages ‘Applications of | oxygen scavengers include bakery produce, ed pasta, and smoked fee pre-cool ‘meats, cheese, spices, nuts. Co (Davies, 1995), jel. confectionery, soybean cakes, rice cakes, soft cakes and seaweed based foods. B. Ethylene scavenging: Ethylene is a growth stimulating substance produced by fruits and vegetables during storage. lis accurmulationin the package speeds Up respiration rate and reduces shelt ite. Theretore inclusion of fine gisparged mineral Geoiite.) packaging ‘successfully tried for ethylene scavenging (Zagory, 1985). Some ‘examples of mineral containing films are ‘Oregg' plastic film from Korea, SATE" from USA, "Peak fresh ‘Eve from Australia, 80™" from Japan and ‘Pro fresh®™ from Europe (Watche, 2001), ©, Films with regulated ‘permeability: Films have now been developed which can change the transmission of gases with change in respiration rate as affected by temperature. The balance between the O2 and CO2 ratio end water loss in MAP packaging fim is maintained ‘by blending of polymers with afferent permeability (Rooney, 1995). Other techniques use of breathable ‘membranes, micro-porous patch and perforated firs. ‘The advancements over these technologies in the recent years include the use of thermally sensitive packaging material Le. side chain ‘rystalzable polymers (SCC) with November-December 2007 Web: wnwatfpa.net ang ‘tan co, bet ube appl pack, D. Hum respin could ae perme, develo, polypr carbon Roone conder sheets ‘melted | ‘uring referre salts ane (Raney Dessica moisture of humi Match, = Ante undesira foods, an be incor, food pat principle + is based mmicrobia potenti! nicrobial oul, be vegetable To ¢ spolagea nowan Fo Emaof oxygen ane ‘ EATER recent years. laminated materiale based on ‘and smoked ay i Elioke ofant-microbial plastics and paperboard re taking By compat over rom vaconal packages 22s, nus. cote i Bi 5c tien ona noo rv ¥ confectionery ae BE eeitreren(2eokie tim yoec‘pacraqng moteral shoves woe cakes, sof ae ee etemaoagensen tod tr microwave ayptostntine 3 based foods src eRe Had sachets and poiyer fim should withstand the scavenging Gp igovetiies ign temperature conatora] wth stimulating . 3 PR Sulur diowce rayeiter nian BOP ste ne 3 by fre and a excelent choice ut here the ws storage. is resale a problem ies nthe conduction of Package epeecs ase ate ° Ble ot grapes by heaton ta package shoud ot ps ieee er : How (Ozsem rot teet To solve ina sation Sear ae ae F200), An ant aun panctes when are aoe eee , Hy Boduced by caleg suncepors ae ntcoures rose Oye into ; ee Its very mportantto know what lice! oF nia a polymer firm have been i Meee Tlimplacedin Woods (1992) nas descnbed 26 for ethylene a 2 face. of fresh microwave susceptor films that vy, 1995). Some " ie BeesoFe water and create high temperature test Alcontaining fis _ aoe Ha Katz, 1986). from Korea, fadlate energy rts The suscetors absors a popoton ‘Sr the microwave enciay sea become hot (upto 220°C) ang i GIPEBIDO). Ant. thera drecty tect he send Ane PVAuadiaed ype of natng of ood The gent Brtedto be common susceptor is @ BEL fim that er i Toa 5 Amine 5 lighty meta rr fe ether ae ee mest aia) Gece dg INCE the substraté. It's used in tne Packs for feos eis ie cet a PPE eHeNON pencom, French ites, piezo, pies crea crge lt ig cae PIHaTS of baked goods we. Possible tute Taped ie Ha) 200"). A dovalopments inguae aelevestng sto and water tos i imigrosave packs in which a vent USA, Peak tres : bee O™ from Japan n ee ™ from Europe a ee wath aluminium and laminated to paperssard Hat Re told es opens ata pre-set tomperatus sed fins tained thee etek ok Re Pr joi BPH) (rut closes on cooing Louie, 1898). mersvith dierent Bah Miya! 7 “catble active packasing: ney! 1908). Omer A oe COREE Vaio Prekad no + of breathabie i Active edikle protect recive supettiial gun i layers (EPSL) are apoled avecty to ro-porous patch f Hecht BPH food th stitace of tocceand ack ae on Gluhicrowave additional handle ts sea preston exes seat trap) ace a eal neobe open iene tary oe once fos of gual —> Flexble, hycrophilic EPSLs, having heat-sealing range to make it idofical shrink film from PE. The film has @ good clarity, can be heat sealed on a hot plate and shrunk by passing through @ hot air tunnel. Thus by using combination of syntheticliradiation food technologists can remove the causes of both deterioration and poisoning while leaving the food in ‘95 near a natural state as possible in appearance, texture, taste and nutritonal vale, One of the advantages of the ation process is the fact that ‘many foods can be treated after they have been packaged. Inthe present era when 2 variety of low cost packaging materials are available Wood resistance to breakage and atreion Mave been developed trom ©guten and pectin (Gontard et al 2 and 1999). Some more pes of acive packaging fms are steam telease fims and aroma release bins Va) uso een nel in food packaging: Irradiated palythylneis produced by passing cdinary LOPE flim contineusly under. beam accelerate which produces high bola rave. This converts ito an sie fim which causes crossinkng between the chains, ding t exceptional strength from the point of view of stretch fesistance and shrink tension Table 10: Safe Irradiation levels of different packaging materials. Review Articles —<£@£————___ shat ie ns not ont in orcs forte FOAM the USA have concluded that peckaging mater ote below in Table 10 maybe sett cujecte radiation Ihe gen levee (Nelson, 1995) ata” Synthetic fe and aseptic packaging: The developments in fre technology of plas fis have gwen boos fo asec processing and pacteging wih ncreane i Socity ood cnrventance pita ee Te araien sal lertaton ot packaging material have widely permed th eof ow Sees eat pic mara Ginaye, 2000-2007) The Eaton: toobrtovee cued fot Getta ormee saoagscur ren n Tose Dee alec arated nae ary isso eapent hat Mls. ere pochage wit aterie Prod unde auopic condos (Fewer and Jayes, 1986). The tent eatin eticoay ond developed to reduce aterlized salient pees ei Systm eves comerly 2 i Taabrice sath (Rotertson, 1993). There is slight ‘eduction n gas and water vapour technology finds wider applications lwansmission rates but increases the In food packaging for prolonging the © b1AHi Foo PACKER mall: sfpa@vsni.net with desirable properties, this - me use of flexible plastics laminates with PETIBOPP/Fol etc, co-extruded mult layer fl (blown ‘or cast) structures, aluminium foil andlor paper board combinations food applications has Increased rapidly dus to logistic Upto 1 Mrad Upto 6 Mrad Coated celulose fm Vegetable parchment Glassine paper PE flims ‘Waxed paper board PET Tek catl paper Nyon 6 PET PVDC-PVAG coplymer Polystyrene Acryonitile copolymer with these for ase VDE film packaging Nylon 1 ; advantages, In unit cont rs, the fms zed may ba of paper coated with x PE, BOPP. EET end CMA Sieatis or ther ‘combinations depending on the. srodvct characteristics and the shelf_lifefacture te USA kaging thie 10 ‘lation 11985), aseptic cents in shave essing aterial flow aterials ~The ied for gesare system ‘entthat sterile aditions. ». The oy was prilized ad the tal are at. astics (um foil rations Review Articles Table 11: Teehijlbgies Forsereaton of different packages: Technique | _ Benefitsitimitations Hydrogen peroxide. Highfetficient Hidiogen Boros “UV More efficient due to UV Residual problem Ethylene oxide’ eye lay | Chemically safe - 25 Useful for heat sensitive packages, expensive 1000 ites. Bags are also avaliable 2008a). 28 liners for large capacity SBfsaseplle containers. Bogs are mostly of Taiz, Serrano cunsite suc a a, nylon, PET, BOPP, LOPE/LLDBE. EVA ets, The box in the system of bag-in-box is generally made of _portugated,tibre-board gf suitable construction with opimum stength and cushioning properties The box provides not only piysical protection for the bag, but also stacking strength and a means for transportation and handling. The large bag is contained in a box of steel or fibre-board drum and some Packaging material Polysterpolythylene ‘Laminates of PET/ALol/PE PE coatingpaner board PE aahesive/AlfoWonomevBE Coatings 1¥8 mieron PEVKref panes! 26 micron PE {= November Decembar 2007 cos wercapasetreview articies for cispnsing the cor mouthed containers and film Ploduced due tothe respraton of, Sne-n-box systems are one wrappers hat musibecitortomm ia {fesh produce. Film’ oxygen ‘a "ature of aseptic packaging gain access ((Paine. 1997) est in the developing and qualty of food combined wth the ‘where the products without use of natural preservaton metroge 3! an contnbute to and minimal processing are highty I system is involved in aseptic packaging technique such as MAD Table 13: Use of films in various aseptic systoms ‘sired O2 and CO: on rate (OTR) and CO powee fee oR WEModttied atmosphere Yanemission rate (CO2 TA) a {cos products Ths i of OBcKaging (MAP): The freshness heen properties of fx lms Hence once, CO2 determined then an appropriate ilm may be selected wih some onal ess and deterioration of valued and demanded by the C2M"Nce, Ks ability to m ad between harvesting and consumers eround the plate. ne n Mostly form fil and mest these demands, a new ‘thin the package for a paricuiar Commodi, R to OTR rato concenvations vation Incase aon tox grown. in there are carbon @t _ Saye ers oe Tae, gO micas Fim ana ange High lnped}polysrene-adhensive™ a bari jer Pro-ormed cops] uted neal (PVCIPVaC or EVO co sohme aman eensve LOPE eon 2 EVOH e-pme) annnig athena | ene one a eee Te scl [a.__] Be papectore-AApPE FS Garon Mat rede [© | PYCIPVEC co-schner EVOH copoimey metalized PETaih LBPE] Bap mio | asoter ayer packaging. The fm wed maybe aha, been deveaped HAP i the » single multi lsyered laminate or aco- enclosure of the food in a package Anoiner innovative approach in ‘ded flm, Some examples of inside which the atmosphere is. handling high respiration rate mS and asepte system are sted modified wthespectto C02, Nz, 02, COmModes, which demand high in Table 13, water vapour and trace gases OTR is development of micro 4419 Films for tamper evidence (Church, 19 perforated fms (MPF). MPE hasty packaging: Attiough total pretction. from tampering is not possible, MAP is to minimize respcation and tamper resistant packaging delays senescence without causing Cnify into the package and tamper damage to metabolic actviy that evident packs indicate whether would fesullinioss of qually. Adsule tam The main problems occur with Gommodities trom very low to bottles and Jars because they need eX!emely high according to thei tobe reciosable Afewexamples of '@8piation rate. The fexble fim ‘making packs tamper evident 220i MAP allows ongen to move INDIAN FOOD PACKER. ‘The aim of P85 which go Straight trough the fim. The fims alow the development ‘ofan elevated CO: environment while ‘Maintaining maderate oxygen levels ‘and high celave hurity level and ing has cooured (Bor, 1966). .(2001) classilied the horicultural © very effective in prolonging the shelf fe of commodities such as harry and plum, MAP for processed foods: For processed (hat Is non-respring)