SOCIAL PSYCH: how social environ affect thought, emo & behav
examples of mental activities related to the gathering & interpretation of info
Collectively call: social cognition
Social cog is activated by cognitive units: schemas.
q) SOCIAL INFLUENCE?
Values: ethics having should or an ought aspect.
Eg: Honesty, Integrity
formed when a particular belief or attitude becomes an inseparable part of the
person’s outlook on life: difficult to change
1ts page and cnetrality balane theory
ATTITUDE
state of the mind
Set of views/ thoughts
Regarding attitude object (topic)
Have evaluative feature:+ - neutral
3 components: twrds topic
consistent with each other; same direction
May be weak or strong
Hence, predicting one on basis of another = not correct
Eg: green env moment
1) Affective : feel angry when trees cut
2) Behavioural: act actively participate in plantation drives
3) Cognitive: beliefs (foundation lay) +: happy
q) Attitude benefit/ purpose?
Provide BG/ blueprint/ mental layout: on how to act in new situation
q) attitude features/properties/charatersitics?
1) Valence (+ -) twd topic: scale
2) Extremeness: how + OR - attitude is
3) Multiplexity
Simple: 1 attitude
Compex: many a
4) Centrality: (core)
role of a particular attitude in the attitude system and how it impacts
the other attitudes
Process of Attitude Formation (learning)
1) By association: like psych cus of nakashi
2) By exposure to info: reading about relationships tells its importance life
3) By group/cultural forms: adhere to: daily school prayer
4) By modelling: generosity by observing parents
5) By reward/punish
Child appreciate: continue: + attitude
q) factors influencing attitude
ATTITUDE CHANGE
( Cognitions must move in the same direction. )
BALANCE THEORY: logically comf :Fritz Heider
When
1) all are +
2) 2 are + , one is -
Cognitive Dissonance Theory: - Leon Festinger
On C component: consonant: logically in line w each other
(consistency between different element)
Boring exp: tell other very interesting
One half Pay: one dollar
Other half pay: 20 dollar
Ask to recall how they like it after weeks: one dollar wale found it more
interesting (experienced it!)
2 Step theory: - S.M Mohsin.
1) The target of change identifies with the source
2) Source change: by changing behav twrd topic
Target change: observes source
tvisha idol: (HAS REGARD FOR) ashana advertises cola
Tvisha: target of change
Ashana: source of change (thru which)
Ashana realise it's not good; bring change in her behav: stop adv: tvisha stop
q) Factors influencing attitude change?
1) Characteristics of the Existing Attitude:
( 4 features/properties)
Hard: complex & -
Congruent: +; more +
Incongruent: + become - & - become +
dhruv rathee
2) Source Characteristics
when info comes from a highly credible & attractive source
3) Message C
- When info amount is sufficient enough
- If Contains: emotional / rational appeal
- Motive , mode
4) Target C
persuadability, intelligence, and self esteem
flexible, open, and broad-minded accept changes
why cogntive dissonance happens?
ATTITUDE BEHAV REALTION: consistency when
q) attitudes may not always predict the actual pattern of one’s behaviour.
Exp: - Richard LaPiere
During when: americans prejudice against chinese
Chinese couple; travel across america: doff hotel
Refuse service by 1
Sent out questionnaire asking hotel manager about the same scenario (if they
would): said NO but..
Harbour resentment & hostile
STEREOTYPE
collection of ideas about a specific group & Its members, assumed to possess those
characters
PREJUDICE
unverified negative attitude towards a group
Its A Component: Hatred
Its B: discrimination
q) sources:
1) Learning: Redward, punish, model, reference grp
2) Strong social identity & ingroup bias: ego boost
3) Scapegoating: MAJ group blames MIn group for socio-eco maters bec they are
weak
4) Kernel of truth: overemphasise small components of truth (kuch toh sach hoga)
5) Self fulfilling prophecy: the target itself responsible: behav conform the -
expectations
q) Handle:
stratergies via:
1) Edu: info
2) .Increasing intergroup contact: direct contact: no misunderstanding
3) Highlighting the individual identity over grp
