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32 Landing Gear

The Maintenance Training Manual for the Airbus A318/A319/A320/A321 covers the landing gear systems, including their components, normal operations, and maintenance practices. It details the extension/retraction system, braking systems, and nose wheel steering, along with safety precautions and operational procedures. This manual serves as a training resource for maintenance personnel on the A320 family aircraft.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

52 views80 pages

32 Landing Gear

Uploaded by

Wilians Sanchez

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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL

CIAC - A320Family

Airbus A318/A319/A320/A321 (ENGINEs)

Intial course Airbus A318/319/320/321 CEO & NEO
MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL
Airbus A-318/319/320/321 (ENGINEs)
Initial Course

ATA 32
LANDING GEAR
Maintenance Training Manual
Airbus A318/A319/A320/A321 (ENGINEs) – Initial course

LANDING GEAR
GENERAL
Landing Gear System Component Location (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
LANDING GEAR AND DOORS
Landing Gear Normal Operation (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Main Landing Gear Doors Description (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Nose Landing Gear Doors Description (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Landing Gear Safety Precautions (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Landing Gear Doors Ground Operation (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
WHEELS AND BRAKES
Brake System Description (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
NOSE WHEEL STEERING
System Description/Operation (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
MAINTENANCE PRACTICE
Landing Gear System Line Maintenance (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Towing and Taxiing (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

Wheel and Brake Removal & Installation (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

M35 LINE MECHANICS (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) TABLE OF CONTENTS Feb 01, 2022
32 - LANDING GEAR Page 1

ESTA PRESENTACIÓN ES PROPIEDAD EXCLUSIVA DE LA CORPORACIÓN DE LA INDUSTRIA AERONÁUTICA COLOMBIANA ESTÁ PROHIBIDO SU USO Y/O R EPRODUCCIÓN TOTAL O PARCIAL SIN
AUTORIZACIÓN PREVIA
Maintenance Training Manual
Airbus A318/A319/A320/A321 (ENGINEs) – Initial course

LANDING GEAR SYSTEM COMPONENT LOCATION (2)

SYSTEM OVERVIEW
EXTENSION/RETRACTION SYSTEM
Landing Gear Control and Interface Units (LGCIU) 1 and 2 electrically
control the gear and door sequencing.
Each LGCIU in turn controls a complete gear cycle: one UP selection
and one DOWN selection.
The LGCIU in control is the active unit and the other is the standby
unit. The active unit changes after each retract/extend cycle (when
the L/G control lever is moved away from the DOWN position). If a
failure occurs in the active LGCIU, the standby LGCIU becomes
active.
Duplicated sensors monitor the gear up and down positions, the door
closed and open positions and the shock absorber compressed (ground
signal) and fully extended (flight signal) positions.
An interlock mechanism prevents unsafe retraction by locking the
lever in the DOWN position when any shock absorber is compressed.
The two systems are electrically segregated with different connections
on the related selector valves.
In case of failure, the gear can be mechanically extended from the
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

cockpit by means of a gravity extension crank handle.

After free fall extension, the L/G doors stay open and the L/G is locked
down by the lockstays and springs.
The normal extension and retraction control is available when the
free-fall handle-assembly is put back to its initial position.

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SYSTEM OVERVIEW - EXTENSION/RETRACTION SYSTEM

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LANDING GEAR SYSTEM COMPONENT LOCATION (2)

SYSTEM OVERVIEW (continued) PARKING BRAKE
The yellow hydraulic system or the brake accumulators supply brake
NORMAL BRAKING pressure.
Normal braking is obtained when: Putting ON the parking brake, deactivates the other braking modes
- The green hydraulic pressure is available, and the A/SKID system.
-The Anti/SKID and Nose/Wheel Steering control switch is in the
ON position,
-The Parking Brake control switch is in the OFF position.
Electrical control is obtained:
- Through the pedals,
- Automatically on the ground by the auto brake system,
- In flight when the gear control lever is set to UP (in flight braking).
ALTERNATE BRAKING
The alternate brake system is powered by the yellow hydraulic system
and backed up by a brake accumulator.
The Alternate Braking Control Unit (ABCU) electrically controls the
alternate braking. The ABCU becomes active when the normal brake
system is faulty and/or low hydraulic pressure is detected in the green
system. Braking inputs are given by the brake pedals and transmitted
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

through the Alternate Brake Pedal Transmitter Unit to the ABCU,

which will control the braking pressure.
Wheel rotating speed from the tachometer, aircraft speed data and
braking pressure are supplied for A/Skid computation. The braking
pressure is read on the triple indicator.
The A/SKID regulation is disconnected, either electrically by setting
the A/Skid & N/W Steering switch to the OFF position, BSCU failure
or hydraulic low pressure (brakes being supplied by the brake
accumulator only). The pilot must refer to the triple pressure indicator
to limit brake pressure in order to avoid locking a wheel.
With the accumulator pressure only, a maximum of 7 full brake pedal
applications can be done. Nevertheless in that case the brake pressure
is limited to max. 1000 PSI by the ABCU.
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SYSTEM OVERVIEW - NORMAL BRAKING ... PARKING BRAKE

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LANDING GEAR SYSTEM COMPONENT LOCATION (2)

SYSTEM OVERVIEW (continued)
NOSE WHEEL STEERING
The steering system uses the yellow hydraulic system to operate a
steering actuating cylinder, which changes the direction of the NLG
wheels.
The steering system receives hydraulic pressure in the following
conditions:
- A/SKID & N/W STeeRinG switch is in ON position,
- towing control lever is in normal position,
- at least one ENG MASTER switch is ON,
- aircraft is on ground.
The steering system is controlled by the BSCU, which receives order
from:
- the steering hand wheels (orders added algebraically),
- the rudder pedals,
- the autopilot.
When the rudder pedal disconnect pushbutton is pressed in, N/WS is
disconnected from the pedals.
The BSCU transforms the orders into N/WS angle. That angle has the
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following limits:
- Ruder pedals: max 6 degrees,
- Hand wheels: max 74 degrees.
The NLG is equipped with Rotary Variable Differential Transducers
(RVDTs), which are used as feedback sensors to the BSCU.

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SYSTEM OVERVIEW - NOSE WHEEL STEERING

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LANDING GEAR SYSTEM COMPONENT LOCATION (2)

SYSTEM OVERVIEW (continued)
BTMU
One Brake Temperature Monitoring Unit (BTMU) per gear transmits
the brake temperature from the temperature sensors (one per brake)
to the BSCU.
FAN
The brake cooling system is a manually controlled system that
decreases the temperature of the brakes when they are too hot.
This optional system allows the brakes to be cooled in a short time
period.
One brake fan system with one BRK FAN HOT P/BSW is installed.
TPIS
The Tire Pressure Indicating System (TPIS) includes an electronic
sensor on each wheel and a Tire Pressure Indicating Computer (TPIC).
The TPIC controls and monitors the operation of the system and sends
data to other interfaced systems.
As an MPD item, the tire pressure can be checked through:
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- a pressure gage (tool),

- or the ECAM WHEEL page.

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SYSTEM OVERVIEW - BTMU ... TPIS

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LANDING GEAR SYSTEM COMPONENT LOCATION (2)

COMPONENT LOCATION
The L/G computers are installed in the forward avionics bay.
Note that the Tire Pressure Indication Unit (TPIU) is an option.
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COMPONENT LOCATION

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LANDING GEAR NORMAL OPERATION (3)

EXTENSION
Description of the normal extension phase of the L/G.
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EXTENSION

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LANDING GEAR NORMAL OPERATION (3)

EXTENSION (continued)
DOOR OPENING
When DOWN is selected, the Landing Gear Control and Interface
Unit (LGCIU) takes control of the extension sequence. The LGCIU
signals the doors to open via selector valves and the door proximity
detectors signal the "doors fully open position" back to the LGCIU
in order to continue the sequence.
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EXTENSION - DOOR OPENING

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LANDING GEAR NORMAL OPERATION (3)

EXTENSION (continued)
GEAR DOWN
When all doors are fully open, the LGCIU commands a gear extension
while maintaining the "doors open" signal. The gear proximity
detectors signal to the LGCIU that the gears are downlocked.
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EXTENSION - GEAR DOWN

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LANDING GEAR NORMAL OPERATION (3)

EXTENSION (continued)
DOOR CLOSING
When all the gear are down and locked, the LGCIU signals the doors
to close and lock stay actuators to pressurize, while maintaining the
"gear extended" signal. Door closing hydraulic pressure is fed to the
lock stay actuators to back up the downlock springs. Door uplock
proximity detectors signal to the LGCIU that the doors are uplocked.
As the doors begin to close, the LGCIU cancels the "gear extended"
signal while maintaining the "door close" signal.
The extension sequence is completed.
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

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EXTENSION - DOOR CLOSING

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LANDING GEAR NORMAL OPERATION (3)

RETRACTION
Setting the L/G control lever to UP causes systems 1 and 2 changeover.
This allows the system which was previously in standby to control the
next retraction and extension sequence. Each LGCIU controls one
complete gear cycle: one UP selection and one DOWN selection.
DOOR OPENING
The LGCIU must detect all three shock absorbers fully extended
before allowing the selection of the L/G control lever to UP. The
LGCIU signals the doors to open via selector valves and the door
proximity detectors signal the doors fully open position back to the
LGCIU in order to continue the sequence.
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

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RETRACTION - DOOR OPENING

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LANDING GEAR NORMAL OPERATION (3)

RETRACTION (continued)
GEAR UP
When all doors are fully open, the LGCIU signals the L/G to raise
while maintaining the "doors open" signal to keep the doors "open"
line pressurized. The gear uplock proximity detectors signal the
LGCIU that the gear is uplocked.
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RETRACTION - GEAR UP

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LANDING GEAR NORMAL OPERATION (3)

RETRACTION (continued)
DOOR CLOSING
When all the L/G is up and locked, the LGCIU signals the doors to
close while maintaining L/G UP signal to keep the "raise" line
pressurized. Door uplock proximity detectors signal the LGCIU that
the doors are uplocked.
As soon as the last door closes and locks, the LGCIU cancels the "L/G
raise" signal and maintains the "door close" signal as long as the safety
valve is open.
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

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RETRACTION - DOOR CLOSING

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RETRACTION - DOOR CLOSING

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LANDING GEAR NORMAL OPERATION (3)

RETRACTION (continued)
HYDRAULIC SHUTOFF
Air Data Inertial Reference Units (ADIRUs) 1 and 3 send a signal to
the safety valve to shut off the hydraulic pressure to the L/G system.
When the airspeed is greater than 260 ±5 kts the hydraulic circuit to
the L/G is depressurized.
The retraction sequence is completed.
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

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MAIN LANDING GEAR DOORS DESCRIPTION (2)

GENERAL FIXED FAIRING
Each Main Landing Gear (MLG) is enclosed by one door and two fairings: The fix fairing is attached to the gear on 5 points and is fully adjustable
- one main door, in vertical and horizontal directions.
- one hinged fairing,
- one fixed fairing.

MAIN DOOR
The main door is attached to the fuselage structure by two hinges and is
operated by a hydraulic actuator. Attached to the forward end of the main
door are the hydraulic actuator and an uplock roller that is used to keep
the main door in the closed position. Installed on the rear end of the main
door are steps, used for access to the gear well compartment. Two ramps
are installed on the inside of the main door. These ramps make sure that
the gear does not catch on the main door during a free-fall extension.
Two proximity sensors and targets send the door open position signal of
the main door to the Landing Gear Control and Interface Units (LGCIUs).

MLG DOOR UPLOCK

The MLG door uplock is closed mechanically, locking the door in the
closed position and hydraulically opened, releasing the door during normal
extension and retraction sequences. The uplock can also be opened
mechanically in free-fall extension and ground door opening.

HINGED FAIRING
The hinged fairing is attached to the wing skin by a single hinge and to
the L/G by an adjustable tie-rod. The adjustable tie-rod causes the hinged
fairing to follow the L/G during the L/G extension and retraction.

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GENERAL ... FIXED FAIRING

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NOSE LANDING GEAR DOORS DESCRIPTION (2)

GENERAL
The doors of the NLG include:
- two main doors,
- two aft doors,
- one leg door.

MAIN DOORS
The two main doors are hydraulically operated. These two doors are
connected mechanically to the A/C by a linkage that has two control rods
connected to the same bellcrank. This bellcrank is installed at the roof
of the L/G well and is operated by one double-acting actuator. An uplock
assembly latches the doors in the closed position.

PROXIMITY DETECTORS
Two proximity switch detectors per door provide a signal in the open
position. The doors must be in this position to permit the gear to operate.
The signals are sent to the two systems, one signal per doors by system
.
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

AFT DOORS
The two aft doors are symmetrical, hinged to the fuselage and connected
by an adjustable rod to the gear leg. These doors close the aft part of the
nose gear well when the gear is retracted.

LEG DOOR
The leg door is attached to the rear part of the gear leg. When the gear is
retracted, this door closes off the area through which the drag strut passes
when the gear is extended.

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GENERAL ... LEG DOOR

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LANDING GEAR SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (2)

L/G CONTROL LEVER
The lever is locked in the "DOWN" position by an interlock mechanism
as soon as either Landing Gear Control and Interface Unit (LGCIU)
detects any shock absorber not extended or nose wheels not centered.

NOTE: The nose gear shock absorber extended and nose wheels
centered signal comes from the same proximity detectors.
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

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L/G CONTROL LEVER

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LANDING GEAR SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (2)

HYDRAULICS
Be sure that all safety precautions are observed before working on the
L/G:
- wheel chocks are in place,
- the hydraulic system is depressurized,
- safety sleeves and safety pins are fitted on the L/G and L/G doors,
- ground door opening handles are in the open position.
MLG AND MLG DOOR SAFETY DEVICES
Installation of the safety devices on the MLG and MLG doors.
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

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HYDRAULICS - MLG AND MLG DOOR SAFETY DEVICES

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LANDING GEAR SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (2)

HYDRAULICS (continued)
NLG AND NLG DOOR SAFETY DEVICES
Installation of the safety devices on the NLG and NLG doors.

NOTE: Note: Proximity sensors omitted for clarity.

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HYDRAULICS - NLG AND NLG DOOR SAFETY DEVICES

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LANDING GEAR DOORS GROUND OPERATION (2)

MLG DOOR GROUND OPERATION DOOR CLOSING PREPARATION
Before you start the task, make sure that the Ground Safety Locks are
The MLG doors can be opened on the ground, for servicing or inspection installed on the landing gear. The travel ranges of the flight controls
purposes. are clear.
DOOR OPENING PREPARATION On the gear make sure that the Ground Door Opening Handle is in
the open position and the safety sleeve is still installed on the MLG
Before you start the task, make sure that the Ground Safety Locks are
Door actuator.
installed on the landing gear.
In the flight-deck, check that the landing gear control-lever is in the
In the flight-deck check that the Landing Gear Control-lever is in the
"down" position and the Gravity Gear Extension Handle is in "neutral
"down" position and the Gravity Gear Extension Handle is in "neutral
and stowed" position.
and stowed" position. Check on the ECAM Hydraulic page that the
Check on the ECAM Hydraulic Page that no warning messages are
hydraulic systems are depressurized.
displayed.
NOTE: Note: Place warning notices to tell personal not to pressurize Pressurize the green hydraulic system via the PTU by using theYellow
the hydraulic systems, not to operate the Landing Gear Electric Pump.
Control lever, or the Gravity Gear Extension Handle.
NOTE: Note: Only pressurize the systems required for this task.
DOOR OPENING
DOOR CLOSING
Open the access panel 195BB for the left MLG, or 196BB for the
Confirm that the Ground Door Opening Handle is still in the open
right MLG Door.
position and remove the safety sleeve from the MLG Door actuator.
Remove the safety pin from the ground door opening handle. Stand
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

Remove the safety pin from the ground door opening handle. Stand
clear of the door travel range and observe the travel area.
clear of the door travel range and observe the travel area.
Push and hold the button to move the handle fully down. Re-install
Push and hold the button to move the handle fully up. Re-install the
the safety pin on the pushbutton.
safety pin on the pushbutton.
Install the safety-sleeve on the MLG-Door actuator and secure it with
Close the access panel.
the ball-lock pins.
In the flight-deck check on the ECAM WHEEL Page that the landing
You might need to push the door to the fully open position to ease the
gear door is shown in the fully closed position.
safety sleeve installation.
Depressurize the hydraulic systems and remove the warning notices.
The landing gear door will be shown on the ECAM WHEEL page in
the fully open position.

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MLG DOOR GROUND OPERATION - DOOR OPENING PREPARATION ... DOOR CLOSING

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LANDING GEAR DOORS GROUND OPERATION (2)

On the gear, make sure that the Ground Door Opening Handle is in
NLG DOORS GROUND OPERATION the open position and the safety pins are still installed on the NLG
Doors.
The NLG doors can be opened on the ground, for servicing or inspection
In the flight-deck check that the landing gear control-lever is in the
purposes.
"down" position and the Gravity Gear Extension Handle is in "neutral
DOORS OPENING PREPARATION and stowed" position.
Before you start the task, make sure that the Ground Safety Locks are Check on the ECAM Hydraulic Page that no warning messages are
installed on the landing gear. displayed.
In the flight-deck, check that the Landing Gear Control-lever is in the Pressurize the green hydraulic system via the PTU by using theYellow
"down" position and the Gravity Gear Extension Handle is in "neutral Electric Pump.
and stowed" position.
Check on the ECAM Hydraulic Page that the hydraulic systems are NOTE: Note: Only pressurize the systems required for this task
depressurized. DOORS CLOSING
Confirm that the Ground Door Opening Handle is still in the open
NOTE: Note: Place warning notices to tell personal not to pressurize
position and remove the safety pins from the NLG Doors.
the hydraulic systems, not to operate the Landing Gear
Remove the safety pin from the ground door opening handle. Stand
Control lever, or the Gravity Gear Extension Handle.
clear of the door travel range and observe the travel area.
DOORS OPENING Push and hold the button to move the handle fully up. Re-install the
Stand aft and left of the Nose Landing Gear to gain access to the safety pin on the pushbutton.
Ground Door Opening Handle. Remove the safety pin from the handle. In the flight-deck check on the ECAM WHEEL Page that the landing
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

Stand clear of the travel range of the doors and observe the travel area. gear door is shown in the fully closed position.
Push and hold the button to move the handle fully down. Re-install Depressurize the hydraulic systems and remove the warning notices.
the safety pin on the pushbutton.
Install the safety-pin on each of the NLG-Doors.
You might need to manually adjust the door position to ease the safety
pin installation.
The landing gear doors will be shown on the ECAM WHEEL Page
in the fully open position.
DOORS CLOSING PREPARATION
Before you start the task, make sure that the Ground Safety Locks are
installed on the landing gear. The travel ranges of the flight controls
are clear.
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NLG DOORS GROUND OPERATION - DOORS OPENING PREPARATION ... DOORS CLOSING

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BRAKE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (3)

The ABCU is automatically activated if:
PEDALS - the anti-skid is faulty,
- the A/SKID switch is selected to OFF (BSCU OFF)
The pedals give mechanical inputs to the normal brake pedal Transmitter
- the BSCU is not serviceable (both system 1 & 2 have failed),
(XMTR) unit, and to the alternate pedal XMTR unit for manual normal
- the normal braking has failed,
braking and alternate braking.
-the pressure downstream the selector valve drops below a given
BRAKE PEDALS XMTR UNITS threshold,
- only the batteries supply the A/C.
The brake pedal XMTR units transform the mechanical input from the
right and left pedals into electrical signals which are sent to the Braking LANDING GEAR PANEL
and Steering Control Unit (BSCU) in normal braking and to the Alternate
A landing gear panel is composed of a toggle switch for anti-skid and
Braking Control Unit (ABCU) in alternate braking.
nose wheel steering function inhibition. There are also three P/BSWs for
BSCU AUTO-BRAKE selection. The BSCU and ABCU receive inputs from
the landing gear panel.
The BSCU controls normal braking, auto braking as well as anti-skid
operation during normal and alternate braking. TRIPLE INDICATOR

SELECTOR VALVE A triple indicator gives pressure indication. The top needle supplies the
alternate breaking accumulator supply pressure. The bottom needles
The selector valve is an on/off valve. When normal braking is applied, supply pressure sent to the left and right brakes units (indication available
the BSCU first energizes the selector valve, this lets full green pressure only if ALTERNATE BRAKING is active or PARKING BRAKE is set
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

supply the normal servovalves. to on).

NORMAL SERVOVALVES WHEELS

The normal servovalve has a dual function: it regulates braking pressure, Each main wheel has multidisc carbon brakes. Each main wheel rotation
which depends on BSCU braking orders, and anti-skid control pressure speed given by a tachometer is sent to the BSCU for anti-skid
delivered to the brakes. This servovalve with direct control laws is fully computation.
closed when there is no braking order. They are located on the MLG
strut. SHUTTLE VALVES

ABCU The shuttle valves give the hydraulic priority for brake supply to the
parking brake.
The ABCU controls and monitors the alternate braking system with and
without anti-skid protection.
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PARKING BRAKE CONTROL VALVE

The parking brake electrical control valve is operated by the parking
brake handle. When it is open, a signal is sent to the BSCU and the ABCU
in order to override all other braking modes.
If the normal braking system is available and, if the pedals are depressed
when the PARK BRK is ON and the pressure commanded by the pedal
deflection exceeds the pressure delivered by the park brake system, the
normal system will send a complement of pressure to the normal set of
pistons to reach the commanded value.

ACCUMULATOR
The brake accumulator is supplied from the yellow hydraulic system and
can provide pressure to the alternate brake system.
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PEDALS ... ACCUMULATOR

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BRAKE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (3)

BRAKE ASSEMBLY
There are different available brake assemblies. A typical brake assembly
includes a piston housing and a carbon heat pack.
The piston housing has:
- 2 hydraulically independent sets of pistons (normal and alternate),
- a piston set that has 5 or 7 pistons (in relation to the brake unit version),
- a bleeder for each of the two systems,
- a self-sealing coupling for each system,
- a torque tube,
- two wear indicators for the heat pack,
- a brake temperature sensor.
Three bolts and nine pins attach the brake to the axle flange of the landing
gear.
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BRAKE ASSEMBLY

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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION/OPERATION (3)

GENERAL BYPASS VALVE
The bypass valve interconnects the two chambers of the steering
The nose wheel steering system is supplied by the yellow hydraulic system actuator in the event of hydraulic system depressurization. The bypass
and is composed of several components which are described in detail in valve opens if the pressure exceeds 273 bar (4000 psi).
the following sections.
ANTI-SHIMMY VALVES
SWIVEL SELECTOR VALVE
There is one anti-shimmy valve per steering actuator chamber.
The swivel selector valve is installed co-axially with respect to the
L/G retraction axis and provides hydraulic power supply when the STEERING ACTUATOR
gear is extended. When the gear starts to retract, the swivel selector The steering actuator drives the rotating tube, which is part of the
valve cuts the hydraulic power supply. NLG structure, via a rack-and-pinion assembly.
CHECK VALVE/FILTER ACCUMULATOR
A 40-micron filter and a check valve are installed in the hydraulic The anti-shimmy accumulator supplies pressurized fluid in case of
power supply line followed with a second check valve mounted cavitation in one of the two chambers of the steering actuator. The
between the filter and the servo valve. accumulator can supply fluid pressurized up to 15 bar (220 psi).
SERVO VALVE BLEED SCREW
The servo valve is of the deflection-jet type. It is equipped with a A bleed screw allows bleeding and depressurization of the hydraulic
Linear Variable Differential Transducer (LVDT) sensor which detects block.
the position of the slide valve. The LVDT provides position feedback
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for the steering control.

ADJUSTABLE DIAPHRAGM
The adjustable diaphragms are used to adjust the flow to each actuating
cylinder chamber and consequently the wheel steering speed.
CHECK VALVES
Two check valves ensure the distribution of fluid from the accumulator
to the chamber of the steering actuator.

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GENERAL - SWIVEL SELECTOR VALVE ... BLEED SCREW

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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION/OPERATION (3)

OPERATION
When the nose gear is extended, the hydraulic block is pressurized. When
the MLG is compressed, both chambers of the steering actuator are
supplied and the nose wheels servoed to an angle of 0º. Depending on
the BSCU reference speed and the nose wheel steering orders, the nose
wheels are steered.
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OPERATION

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SERVICING ACCUMULATOR
A check of the nitrogen fill pressure is performed via the accumulator
MLG SHOCK ABSORBER pressure gage on the yellow brake accumulator.
Charging valves are installed on the MLG to fill the two-stage shock The relief valve allows the hydraulic depressurization of the
absorber with nitrogen. accumulator to check its nitrogen pre-charge as required by the MPD.
As a Maintenance Planning Document (MPD) task, the check of the
Main Landing Gear (MLG) shock absorber charge is done by
measuring and recording the dimension H.
Correct values will be found in the AMM and instructions are given
on the MLG strut cylinder.
MLG SPARE SEALACTIVATING VALVE
Each MLG fitting has a spare seal-activating valve.
This valve is used to isolate the bottom gland seal if a hydraulic leak
occurs from that position.
Closing the spare seal-activating valve will isolate the bottom gland
seals and activate the top gland seals.

NOTE: It is recommended that all gland seals on the applicable

NLG SHOCK ABSORBER

As a MPD task, the check of the NLG shock absorber charge pressure
is performed by measuring and recording the dimension H on the
NLG strut.
Correct values of this dimension are given in the AMM and on the
NLG servicing chart.
If nitrogen refilling is necessary, it can be done via the charging valve.

NOTE: You can complete this procedure with the A/C on the ground
or on jacks. If the A/C is on jacks, it must be positioned
correctly.

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SERVICING - MLG SHOCK ABSORBER ... ACCUMULATOR

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This Page Intentionally Left Blank

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DAILY CHECK

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LANDING GEAR SYSTEM LINE MAINTENANCE (2)

MEL/DEACTIVATION
PROXIMITY SENSORS
Sixteen proximity detectors are installed. They are Master Minimum
Equipment List (MMEL) items.
One proximity detector may be inoperative on system 2 if the origin
of the failure is electrical.
BTMU
Two BTMUs are installed; one or both may be inoperative if the
brake-cooling time is applied.
MAIN WHEEL BRAKES
Two wear pins give a visual indication of the overall wear of the heat
pack. The wheel brake is a MMEL item.
In case of hydraulic leak on the brake assembly (piston), the brake
can be deactivated for dispatch with or without brake removal.
For deactivation with the brake installed, disconnect the self-sealing
coupling.
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MEL/DEACTIVATION - PROXIMITY SENSORS ... MAIN WHEEL BRAKES

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LANDING GEAR SYSTEM LINE MAINTENANCE (2)

MAINTENANCE TIPS
HYDRAULIC FUSES
A hydraulic fuse (normal or alternate), installed between the servo
valve and the brake, stops the flow in the line in case of leakage.
After trouble-shooting, the hydraulic fuse needs to be reset by opening
its bleed screw.

NOTE: Be careful when opening the bleed screw of the brake bleed
valve assembly, you could close the hydraulic fuse.
NOSE WHEEL STEERING
The maximum towing angle is 95° on each side. Before towing, the
N/WS control lever has to be in the deactivation position with the
safety pin installed and the maximum extension of the nose gear shock
absorber (dimension H) must be less than 300mm (12 inches) to avoid
upper cam damage. When resetting the steering function after towing,
nose wheels must be centered to avoid injury.
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MAINTENANCE TIPS - HYDRAULIC FUSES & NOSE WHEEL STEERING

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LANDING GEAR SYSTEM LINE MAINTENANCE (2)

MAINTENANCE TIPS (continued)
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Before working in the L/G wheel well, be sure that the safety sleeve
is fitted on the MLG door (or for the NLG, safety pins installed).
Procedures related to L/G door safety devices installation are described
in the AMM
When towing, except for pushback, or working in the L/G wheel well,
be sure that the safety sleeve is fitted on the MLG or safety pins are
installed on the NLG.
Procedures related to L/G safety devices installation are described in
the AMM.
The LGCIU interfaces with many other A/C systems. Pulling LGCIU
circuit breakers can cause unwanted operation of some systems. Before
pulling LGCIU CBs, the AMM procedure about flight configuration
precautions must be followed in order to protect these systems.
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

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MAINTENANCE TIPS - SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

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LANDING GEAR SYSTEM LINE MAINTENANCE (2)

MPD CHECK ITEMS
In accordance with the MPD (600FH, 750FC or 100 days) the external
walk around will include the Visual check of the Nose Landing Gear and
LH/RH Main Landing Gear assemblies for general condition with the
Landing Gear Doors opened for the Wheel Well inspection.
When opening the Main or the Nose Landing Gear Doors with the Ground
Opening system, observe all the Safety Precautions as stated in the AMM
Tasks.
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MPD CHECK ITEMS

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TOWING AND TAXIING (2)

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TOWING - WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS

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TOWING AND TAXIING (2)

TOWING (continued) CAUTION: Caution: make sure that the tow bar has:
- a damping system
TOWING WITH THE NOSE GEAR FROM THE FRONT - a calibrated shear pin
This film describes how to push the A/C rearwards or tow the A/C - two calibrated turn shear pins.
forwards with the nose gear. This is to prevent high loads causing damage to the L/G.
The A/C may be towed or pushed back: Refer to your A/C maintenance manual for the calibration of these
- at maximum ramp weight, pins.
-with the engines shut down or running at idle. On the NLG, install the tow bar on the tow fitting and connect the
To begin the procedure, make sure: tow bar to the tractor.
- that the safety devices are installed on the landing gears (L/G),
- the wheel chocks are in place, CAUTION: Caution: put the parking brake control switch in the off
- and check if the parking brake is ON. position before you tow or push back the A/C. This is to
Do not tow the A/C if the dimension H is more than 300 mm (11.8 prevent high loads causing damage to the NLG.
in). If you do, you can cause damage to the internal centering cams On the Yellow brake-pressure triple-indicator, the brakes pressure
of the nose landing gear (NLG). pointers go down.
Referring to your A/C maintenance manual, make sure that the A/C In the cockpit, set the lighting system:
is stable. Let us suppose that this procedure has been correctly done. - set the exterior light navigation and logo switch to ON.
During this procedure, depending on the configuration you are in, the - at night, set the interior light dome switch to bright and if the
A/C needs to be energized either by using the APU, a specific ground anti-collision lighting is necessary for the local airport regulations or
cart, an engine running, or by using the tractor itself. Let us suppose the airline procedures, set the exterior light beacon switch to ON.
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

that the A/C is already energized and the EIS start procedure done. On the VHF system:
Outside, on the nose wheel steering deactivation electrical-box, set -in order to communicate with the control tower during towing
the ground-towing control lever to the towing position and install the operations, release out the VHF pushbutton switch and select the
pin. control tower frequency on the radio management panel.
In the cockpit, -in order to communicate with the ground mechanics, on the audio
-on the upper ECAM page, the "Nose.WHEEL STEERinG control panel, set the interphone radio switch to the interphone position
DISConnected" message comes into view on the memo page. and release out the interphone reception pushbutton.
-check on the Yellow brake-pressure triple-indicator that the For safety reasons, a distance of 3 meters (10 ft) must be kept clear
accumulator pressure pointer is in the green range. around the nose wheels, tow bar and tractor when the aircraft moves.
We recommend pressurizing the yellow hydraulic system using the Towing speed limitation depends on the position of the passenger/crew
yellow electrical pump, thus, the braking system will be more efficient and cargo doors. For these speed limitations refer to your A/C
and safer. Now, we have to install the tow bar. maintenance manual.

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The maximum permitted steering angle on each side of the A/C

centerline is 95 degrees. When you use the front fittings to push the
A/C rearwards with engine at idle this angle is limited to 40 degrees.
At this point, be sure that all warnings and cautions of your A/C
maintenance manual procedure and previous precautions are applied.
Now, the A/C can be towed slowly and smoothly. Two other persons
have to monitor the wing tips during the towing operation and one
person is required in the cockpit in order to operate the brakes.
When you complete the towing operation, make sure that the nose
wheels are aligned with the A/C centerline.
Inform the cockpit to apply the parking brake, and check that the
parking brake light is ON on the nose wheel steering deactivation
electrical-box.
Put the wheel chocks in position.
Disconnect the tow bar from the nose gear fittings. On the nose wheel
steering deactivation electrical-box, remove the safety pin and set the
ground-towing control lever to the normal position. At the same time,
in the cockpit, on the ECAM memo display the message "N.WHEEL
STEERG DISC" disappears.
On the lighting system:
-reset the exterior light beacon and navigation & logo switches to
OFF.
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

-reset the interior light dome switch to OFF.

On the communication system:
-cut the cockpit/control tower VHF link by pressing in the VHF
pushbutton on the radio management panel.
-reset the interphone radio switch to the neutral position.
Depressurize the yellow hydraulic system, do the EIS stop procedure
and de-energize the A/C electrical circuits.

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TOWING - TOWING WITH THE NOSE GEAR FROM THE FRONT

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TOWING AND TAXIING (2)

TAXIING AND ASSOCIATED PRECAUTIONS
TURNING RADII
The movement of the aircraft with its power on the ground is called
taxi of the aircraft. During taxi of the aircraft, the minimum turning
radii must be respected.
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TAXIING AND ASSOCIATED PRECAUTIONS - TURNING RADII

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TOWING AND TAXIING (2)

TAXIING AND ASSOCIATED PRECAUTIONS (continued)
DANGER AREAS
Safety precautions must be taken to avoid danger from engine suction
and exhaust areas. Access to the engine is only allowed through the
entry corridor. Note that the entry corridor must be closed for wind
directions greater than 90º. There is no safe access corridor when the
engine is running above minimum idle. Depending on the distance
from the running engine and on its power setting, it is necessary to
wear ear protection and to respect the maximum time exposure.
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TAXIING AND ASSOCIATED PRECAUTIONS - DANGER AREAS

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WHEEL AND BRAKE REMOVAL & INSTALLATION (2)

Wheel removal:
MLG WHEELAND BRAKE REMOVAL/INSTALLATION
- fully deflate the tire if it must be changed,
- remove the guard assembly attached by means of 6 screws,
WARNING: Be careful when you remove/install the wheel and tire
- remove the lock wire,
assembly to prevent injury to persons and/or damage to the
- insert a tool to lock the impeller and unscrew the nut,
wheel, axle or other equipment. The assembly is very heavy
- remove the impeller,
(between 130 Kg and 200 Kg (290 lb and 440 lb)).
- remove the shroud fixed by 2 screws,
WARNING: You must not put too much grease on the axle sleeve. A - disconnect the TPIS sensor connector from the rotating transformer,
very hot brake can cause the grease to burn and cause a fire. NOTE: Note that the TPIS sensor must be removed from the wheel
if it is changed,
REMOVAL/INSTALLATION
- remove the "V" clamp and the shroud support,
CAUTION: Make sure that the protected axle thread is correctly - discard the cotterpins, loosen and remove the 2 locking bolts,
installed on the axle. You can cause damage to the axle - loosen the wheel nut using the torque adaptor and remove it,
sleeve when you remove/install a wheel if the axle thread - install the properly greased protection tool,
protector is: -using a specific tool, remove the wheel.
- not used, Brake removal:
- not fully engaged on the axle. - disconnect the self-sealing couplings,
Preparation: - disconnect the brake temperature sensor,
Outside: - using an adaptor, loosen and remove the three nuts and washers,
-the protective tool being installed on the axle, remove the wheel.
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

- make sure that the L/G safety devices are in position,

-as well as the wheel chocks. Brake installation:
In the cockpit: - remove the protective tool, clean and grease the axle,
-open, safety and tag the Tire Pressure Indicating System (TPIS) and - the protective tool being fitted, install the brake unit,
the brake fans C/Bs, - make sure that the studs engage correctly on the axle,
-put warning notices on the free fall control handle and on the L/G - install the 3 washers and nuts,
control lever, - adjust the torque meter value and torque the 3 nuts,
- set the parking brake to OFF, - connect the brake temperature sensor,
-make sure that the pressure is off and the brake fan P/B is set to off. - reconnect the self-sealing couplings,
Outside again: -remove the protection devices.
- put the jack in position, Wheel installation:
- make sure that the dome correctly engages, -make sure that the driving keys on the brake rotor are correctly
- lift the L/G. aligned,

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- the axle protective tool being fitted, install the wheel with the tool, -apply the parking brake and check the pressure on the triple gage
- remove the protection device, indicator.
- install the axle nut, Outside:
-adjust the torque meter to the pre-torque value and apply it to the -check the rear coupling for any leakage.
nut while turning the wheel, In the cockpit:
- prevent the rotation of the wheel and loosen the nut, - depressurize the hydraulic systems,
- adjust the torque meter to the torque value, - select the ECAM WHEEL page,
- torque the axle nut, - check the brake temperature and tire pressure for correct indication,
-tighten it until the holes in the nut are aligned with the holes in the -select the brake fans ON.
axle, Outside:
- install the locking nuts with the head of the screws facing the axle, -check the brake fans for correct operation.
- fit the washers and the nuts, In the cockpit:
- tighten the nut, - select the brake fans off and remove the warning notices.
- safety the locking nuts with split pins,
-install the shroud support centered by a centering pin and tighten
the "V" clamp,
- reconnect the TPIS sensor plug,
- install the shroud with the 2 srews,
- align the splined driving shaft with the impeller,
- install the impeller, prevent its rotation and tighten the nut,
- safety the nut with lockwire,
-install the guard on the tachometer drive shaft and fit it with the 4
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

screws.
Close-up:
-make sure that the area is clean. Lower the L/G, the tire pressure
being previously checked and adjusted,
-carefully remove the jack from the L/G dome.
In the cockpit:
- remove the tags and close the circuit breakers,
- select the ECAM HYDraulic page,
- pressurize the green hydraulic system,
-press the braking pedals.
Outside:
-check the forward coupling for any leakage.
In the cockpit:
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MLG WHEEL AND BRAKE REMOVAL/INSTALLATION - REMOVAL/INSTALLATION

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WHEEL AND BRAKE REMOVAL & INSTALLATION (2)

Wheel installation:
NLG WHEEL REMOVAL/INSTALLATION
- install the protection tool if removed,
WARNING: Make sure that the ground safety-locks are in position on - correctly grease the axle,
the L/G. - install the wheel,
- remove the protection tool,
REMOVAL/INSTALLATION - install the nut,
Preparation: -adjust the torque meter to the pre-torque value and apply it to the
Outside: nut while turning the wheel,
-make sure that the safety locks and wheel chocks are in position on - prevent the wheel from rotating and loosen the nut,
the L/G. - adjust the torque meter to the correct value,
In the cockpit: - torque the nut,
- open, safety and tag the TPIS C/B, - tighten until the locking bolt holes are aligned,
- put warning notices on the free fall and L/G control handles, - install the locking bolt with the head of the screw facing the axle,
-select the parking brake OFF. - fit the washers and nuts,
Outside again: - safety the locking nuts with split pins,
- put the jack in position, - connect the TPIS sensor to the rotating transducer,
- make sure that the dome correctly engages, - re-install the grommet,
- lift the L/G, - put the hubcap in position,
-fully deflate the tire. - install the 3 washers and screws,
Wheel removal: -safety the 3 screws with lockwire.
•‐All Rights Reserved-•‐ FOR TRAINING ONLY

- cut and remove the lockwire, Close-up

- remove the 3 screws and washers and remove the hubcap, Outside:
-remove the grommet and disconnect the TPIS sensor plug from the - make sure that the working area is clean,
rotating transducer. -lower the gear, the tire pressure being previously checked and
adjusted,
NOTE: Note that the sensor has to be removed from the wheel and - carefully remove the jack from the dome,
refitted on the new wheel. -put the chocks back in position.
- remove and discard the cotterpins, In the cockpit:
- remove the 2 locking nuts, - remove the tag and close the TPIS C/B,
- remove the axle nut with the torque adaptor, - remove the safety warnings,
- install the properly greased protection tool, - select the ECAM WHEEL page,
- remove the wheel, - check the pressure for correct indication.
- attach a correctly filled-in label on it.
M35 LINE MECHANICS (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) WHEEL AND BRAKE REMOVAL & INSTALLATION (2) Feb 01, 2022
32 - LANDING GEAR Page 80

NLG WHEEL REMOVAL/INSTALLATION - REMOVAL/INSTALLATION

M35 LINE MECHANICS (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) WHEEL AND BRAKE REMOVAL & INSTALLATION (2) Feb 01, 2022
32 - LANDING GEAR Page 81

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ESTA PRESENTACIÓN ES PROPIEDAD EXCLUSIVA DE LA CORPORACIÓN DE LA INDUSTRIA AERONÁUTICA COLOMBIANA ESTÁ PROHIBIDO SU USO Y/O R EPRODUCCIÓN TOTAL O PARCIAL SIN
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