‘A pre-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted programme of

knowledge on cervical cancer & its prevention among female students 15 -21 years age in
selected school in Haryana.”

M.sc Nursing Programme

Faculty of nursing

BY: ROSHNI KUMARI

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Dr . Settepalli Jasmin Debora ( H.O.D of Adult Health Nursing)
CO – GUIDE OF
Ms .Nutan Kumari (community health nursing )
Assistant professor
Letter seeking expert’s opinion for content validity of the tool
From,
Roshni kumari
M.Sc. (Nursing) second year student
Faculty of Nursing
SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana
To,
Sub: Request for validity of study tool
Respected Sir/Ma’am,
I am conducting a study as a requirement of the M.Sc. (Nursing). The research topic
is “ A pre experimental study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted programme on
knowledge on cervical cancer & its prevention among female student 15- 21 years age in
selected school in Haryana.
The objectives of the study are as follows:
OBJECTIVES:

➢ . To assess knowledge about cervical cancer &its prevention.

➢ To evaluate effectiveness of video assisted programmed on cervical cancer & its
prevention.
➢ To find out the association between pre test - post test knowledge score of student
aged between 15 – 21 years on cervical cancer and its prevention with their
selected variables.

I have enclosed here the prepared study tools for your kind opinion and valuable suggestions about the
content, relevance and validity of the study tools. The data will be filled by the researcher not filled by the
subjects.
Tools descriptions

Section -1 Socio Demographic Data of students

Section -2: knowledge questionnaire regarding cervical cancer of students
I would be highly obliged if you could validate and give it as early as possible.
I also request you to kindly sign the certificate stating that the tool has been validated. Your kind
cooperation and expert judgement will be highly appreciated.

Thanking you. Enclosures:

Your sincerely
Tools for validation
Roshni kumari

Content validity certificate

(Section – 1)
Tool to assess the knowledge of cervical cancer of students.
Instruction: Fill The Information And Tick Mark For The Most Appropriate Options
A. The Purpose Of This Part Is To Obtain Personal Information Which Will
Be Used For Research Purpose Only
B. The Researcher Will Ask The Participants And Place A Tick Mark On
The Option That Is Applicable To The Participants

SR. VARIABLES
NO.
1. Age (In Years)

2. Education Of Student a) Middle School

a) High School
b) Intermediate
c) Graduate

3. Education Of Father a) Hindu

b) Muslim
c) Christian
d) Sikh

4. Education Of Mother b) Middle School

d) High School
e) Intermediate
Graduate

5. Marital Status a) Unmarried

b) Married
c) Separated
Widow
6. Type Of Family a) Nuclear
b) Joint

7 Occupation Of Father a) Unemployed

b) Private Employ
c) Government Employ
d) Business
8 Occupation Of Mother a) Unemployed
b) Private Employ
c) Government Employ
d) Business
9 Have you heard about cervical a) Yes
cancer ? b) No
10 If Yes ,Mode Of Information a) Newspaper
b) Mobile
c) Friends
d) Family (parents )
 Criterion Checklist For Validating The Tool
Instruction: Experts are requested to go through the items and indicate their response with a tick
mark (√) in the column given as to whether they agree or disagree to the item in relation to its
relevance, adequacy and appropriateness, organised and give their remark in the remark column
as to why the item is disagreed.
Socio Demographic Profile
Sr. Relevant Adequate Appropriate Organised Remarks
No
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Agree Disagree Agree Disagree Agree Disagree Agree Disagree

1.

3.

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7.

8.
9.
10

Suggestion and remark of the tool

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Signature of the validator
 ( SECTION -2 )
QUESTIONS REGARDING KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENT RELATED TO CERVICAL
CANCER
A. The Purpose Of This Section Is To Assess The Knowledge Regarding Cervical Cancer
B. The Researcher Will Ask The Participants And Place A Tick Mark On The Option
That Is Applicable To The Participants .
C. Please Answer All Questions.
D. Please Answer Each Questions Honestly .
E. Information Collected Will Be Kept Confidential And Will Be Used For Research
Purpose Only .

Introduction &Definition
1. What Is Cervical Cancer?
A. Cancer Of The Liver
B. Cancer Of The Cervix
C. Cancer Of The Lungs
D. Cancer Of The Stomach

2. What Is The Most Common Cause Of Cervical Cancer?

A. Bacterial Infection
B. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
C. Smoking
D. Alcohol Consumption

3. Cervical Cancer Is Most Commonly Associated With Which Demographic Factor?

A) Young Adults
B) Postmenopausal Women
C) Women Over 30 Years
D) Teenagers
Causes And Risk Factors
4. The Primary Risk Factor For Cervical Cancer Is Infection With:
A) Herpes Simplex Virus
B) Epstein-Barr Virus
C) Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
D) Hepatitis B Virus
5. Which Lifestyle Habit Increases The Risk Of Cervical Cancer?
A. Regular Exercise
B. Smoking
C. Eating Fruits
D. Staying Hydrated

6. Can Cervical Cancer Be Hereditary?

A. Yes, In All Cases
B. No, It Is Not Hereditary
C. Sometimes
D. Only In Men

7. Which Type Of HPV Is Most Strongly Associated With Cervical Cancer?

A) HPV 6 And 11
B) HPV16 And 18
C) HPV 31 And 33
D) HPV 45 And 52
8. Which Of The Following Is Not A Risk Factor For Cervical Cancer?
A) Early Sexual Activity
B) Long-Term Use Of Oral Contraceptives
C) Multiple Pregnancies
D) High Intake Of Fiber
9. A Weakened Immune System Can Increase The Risk Of Cervical Cancer. True Or False?
A) True
B) False
10. Which Group Is Most At Risk For Cervical Cancer?
A. Women Over 65 Who Have Never Been Screened
B. Teenagers
 C. Men
D. Women Who Exercise Regularly

Pathophysiology
11. What Is The Initial Step In The Pathophysiology Of Cervical Cancer?
A) Chronic Inflammation
B) Persistent HPV Infection
C) Genetic Mutation In Cervical Cells
D) Angiogenesis
12. Which Type Of Cervical Cell Is Most Affected In Cervical Cancer?
A) Endometrial Cells
B) Glandular Cells
C) Squamous Epithelial Cells
D) Stromal Cells

13. The Progression Of Cervical Cancer Typically Involves:

A) Metastasis To The Brain First
B) Transformation Zone Changes
C) Hematogenous Spread Initially
D) Primary Involvement Of The Ovaries

Symptoms
14. A Common Early Symptom Of Cervical Cancer Is:
A) Abdominal Pain
B) Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
C) Post-Coital Bleeding
D) Weight Gain
15. Which Of The Following Is Not A Symptom Of Cervical Cancer?
A) Foul-Smelling Vaginal Discharge
B) Pelvic Pain
C) Breast Tenderness
D) Irregular Menstrual Periods
16. What Are Common Symptoms Of Cervical Cancer In Advanced Stages?
A. No Symptoms
B. Unusual Vaginal Bleeding
 C. Abdominal Pain
D. Frequent Urination

Diagnosis Test
17. Which Diagnostic Procedure Is Used To Confirm Cervical Cancer?
A. Mammography
B. Colonoscopy
C. Biopsy
D. Ct Scan
18. What Is The Purpose Of A Colposcopy?
A) To Remove The Cervix
B) To Examine The Cervix For Abnormalities
C) To Detect Ovarian Cancer
D) To Prevent HPV Infection
19. What Is The Primary Method For Screening Cervical Cancer?
A. MRI
B. Pap Smear Test
C. X-Ray
D. Ultrasound

Treatment And Management

20. The Treatment For Early-Stage Cervical Cancer Typically Involves:
A) Chemotherapy Only
B) Surgery Or Radiation Therapy
C) Immunotherapy
D) Hormone Replacement Therapy

21. What Is The Standard Treatment For Advanced Cervical Cancer?

A) Radical Hysterectomy
B) Chemoradiation
C) Observation
D) Cryotherapy
22. Which Surgical Procedure Is Performed To Remove The Uterus In Cervical Cancer?
A) Laparoscopy
B) Colposcopy
 C) Hysterectomy
D) Cone Biopsy

Prevention And Screening

23. What Is The Primary Prevention Method For Cervical Cancer?
A. HPV Vaccination
B. Chemotherapy
C. Radiation Therapy
D. Regular Exercise

24. What Is The Impact Of Regular Cervical Cancer Screening?

A. Increases Cancer Risk
B. Reduces The Incidence And Mortality Rates
C. Does Not Affect Cancer Risk
D. Causes Unnecessary Treatments

25. The Primary Method Of Cervical Cancer Prevention Is:

A) Regular Mammograms
B) HPV Vaccination
C) Monthly Self-Exams
D) Genetic Counselling

26. Which Screening Test Is Used For Cervical Cancer?

A) Mammogram
B) Pap Smear
C) Ultrasound
D) Endoscopy

27. At What Age Is Cervical Cancer Screening Typically Recommended To Start?

A) 18 Years
B) 21 Years
C) 30 Years
D) 40 Years
 28. How Often Should Women Undergo Pap Smear Screening According To Guidelines?
A) Every 1 Year
B) Every 3 Years
C) Every 5 Years
D) Only Once In A Lifetime

29. How Often Should Women Get A Pap Smear Test If Results Are Normal?
A. Every 6 Months
B. Every 3 Years
C. Every 10 Years
D. Every Year

Vaccines
30. Which Vaccine Is Commonly Used To Prevent HPV Infections?
A) Gardasil
B) BCG
C) MMR
D) Hepatitis B

31. HPV Vaccines Are Most Effective When Administered:

A) After The Age Of 30
B) Before Sexual Activity Begins
C) During Pregnancy
D) To Men Only

32. The HPV Vaccine Protects Against Which Strains Of The Virus?
A) 6 And 11 Only
B) 16 And 18 Only
C) Both 6, 11, 16, And 18
D) None Of The Above
33. What Is The Role Of The HPV Vaccine?
A. Treat Existing HPV Infections
B. Prevent Cervical Cancer Caused By HPV
C. Cure Cervical Cancer
D. None Of The Above
Health Promotion
34. Lifestyle Changes To Reduce Cervical Cancer Risk Include:
A) Regular Exercise And Balanced Diet
 B) Smoking Cessation
C) Limiting Sexual Partners
D) All Of The Above

35. Promoting HPV Vaccination Is An Example Of:

A) Primary Prevention
B) Secondary Prevention
C) Tertiary Prevention
D) Quaternary Prevention
36. Cervical Cancer Awareness Campaigns Aim To:
A) Encourage Vaccination
B) Promote Regular Screening
C) Educate About Risk Factors
D) All Of The Above

37. What Is The Survival Rate For Early-Stage Cervical Cancer With Treatment?
A. Less Than 20%
B. 40-60%
C. 70-90%
D. 100%
38. Which Lifestyle Habit Increases The Risk Of Cervical Cancer?
A. Regular Exercise
B. Smoking
C. Eating Fruits
D. Staying Hydrated
39. What Is The Purpose Of Colposcopy?
A. To Treat Cervical Cancer
B. To Examine The Cervix More Closely
C. To Vaccinate Against Hpv
D. To Perform Surgery
40. What Is The Impact Of Regular Cervical Cancer Screening?
A. Increases Cancer Risk
B. Reduces The Incidence And Mortality Rates
C. Does Not Affect Cancer Risk
D. Causes Unnecessary Treatments
Score Interpretation

➢ Each Correct Answer Will Be Scored As 1

➢ Each Incorrect Answer Will Be Scored As 0
➢ There Will No Negative Marking
➢ The Minimum Score Will Be 0
➢ The Maximum Score Will Be 40
ANSWER KEYS

1 B 16. C 31. B
2. B 17. B 32. C
3. C 18 .B 33.B
4. C 19.B 34. D
5. B 20. B 35. A
6. C 21 .B 36. D
7. B 22.C 37. C
8. D 23. A 38. B
9. A 24. B 39. B
10. A 25.B 40. B
11. B 26.B
12. C 27.B
13. B 28. B
14. C 29. B
15. C 30. A
INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULT

S.NO SCORING INTERPRETATION

1 0-10 Poor
2 11 – 20 Moderate
3 21 - 30 Good
4 31 - 40 Very good
 Knowledge Checklist Of Cervical Cancer
Instruction: Experts are requested to go through the items and indicate their response with a tick
mark (√) in the column given as to whether they agree or disagree to the item in relation to its
relevance, adequacy and appropriateness, organised and give their remark in the remark column
as to why the item is disagreed.

Sr. Relevant Adequate Appropriate Organised Remarks

No.
Agree Disagree Agree Disagree Agree Disagree Agree Disagree
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Suggestion And Remark Of The Tool
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Signature Of The Validator

A. The Purpose Of This Section Is To Assess The Prevention

Regarding Cervical Cancer
B. The Researcher Will Ask The Participants And Place A Tick Mark On The Option
That Is Applicable To The Participants .
C. Please Answer All Questions.
D. Please Answer Each Questions Honestly .
E. Information Collected Will Be Kept Confidential And Will Be Used For Research
Purpose Only .

1. what is the primary goal of cervical cancer prevention?

A. Treating advanced cancer
B. Detecting cancer early
 C. Reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer
D. Managing side effects of treatment
2. Which of the following is a primary prevention strategy for cervical cancer?
A. Chemotherapy
B. HPV vaccination
C. Radiation therapy
D. Surgery

3. At what age is HPV vaccination recommended for girls?

A. 5-9 years
B. 9-14 years
C. 20-25 years
D. 30-35 years

4. What is the recommended HPV vaccination schedule for children aged 9-14 years?
A. 1 dose
B. 2 doses
C. 3 doses
D. 4 doses

5. Which lifestyle habit can help reduce the risk of cervical cancer?
A. Smoking
B. Practicing safe sex
C. High alcohol consumption
D. Avoiding exercise

6. What is a secondary prevention method for cervical cancer?

A. HPV vaccination
B. Pap smear screening
C. Radiation therapy
D. Surgery

7. Which type of screening test detects abnormal cervical cells?

A. Blood test
 B. Mammogram
C. Pap smear
D. CT scan

8. How does practicing safe sex help prevent cervical cancer?

A. Reduces exposure to HPV
B. Prevents hormonal imbalance
C. Reduces physical activity
D. Increases immunity

9. Why is early detection through screening important in cervical cancer prevention?

A. It reduces the need for vaccines
B. It prevents abnormal cells from progressing to cancer
C. It eliminates the need for treatment
D. It guarantees no risk of recurrence

10. What is the purpose of the HPV vaccine?

A. Cure existing HPV infection
B. Prevent HPV infection
C. Treat cervical cancer
D. Increase HPV viral load

11. Which of the following can increase the risk of HPV infection?
A. Monogamous relationships
B. Smoking
C. HPV vaccination
D. Regular Pap smear screening

12. Which factor reduces the effectiveness of cervical cancer prevention?

A. Completing HPV vaccination
B. Avoiding screenings
C. Maintaining a healthy diet
D. Using condoms during sex
13. When should sexually active women start regular Pap smear screenings?
A. After the age of 15
B. At the age of 21
C. At the age of 50
D. Only when symptoms appear

14. What type of HPV is targeted by most vaccines for cervical cancer prevention?
A. Low-risk HPV types
B. High-risk HPV types
C. Non-HPV-related viruses
D. Bacterial infections

15. What role does smoking cessation play in cervical cancer prevention?
A. Reduces exposure to HPV
B. Lowers the risk of cervical abnormalities
C. Increases screening rates
D. Prevents other types of cancer but not cervical

16. Can men benefit from HPV vaccination?

A. No, it’s only for women
B. Yes, it helps prevent HPV transmission
C. Only if they are over 40 years old
D. Only if they are healthcare workers

17. What is a key benefit of the HPV vaccine in cervical cancer prevention?
A. Eliminates the need for regular screening
B. Prevents infection with high-risk HPV types
C. Treats precancerous lesions
D. Guarantees complete immunity

18. What is the impact of regular Pap smear screening on cervical cancer incidence?
A. No effect
B. Reduces incidence and mortality
 C. Increases risk of cervical abnormalities
D. Delays the onset of symptoms

19. How does having fewer sexual partners reduce the risk of cervical cancer?
A. Increases immune response
B. Reduces exposure to high-risk HPV types
C. Reduces the need for vaccination
D. Prevents cervical abnormalities

20. What is the main advantage of combining HPV vaccination and regular screening?
A. Eliminates the need for treatment
B. Provides comprehensive protection against cervical cancer
C. Increases the risk of side effects
D. Replaces the need for healthy lifestyle changes

Score interpretation

➢ Each correct answer will be scored as 1

➢ Each incorrect answer will be scored as 0
➢ There will no negative marking
➢ The minimum score will be 0
➢ The maximum score will be 20
ANSWER KEYS

1 C 8. A 15. B
2. B 9. B 16. B
3. B 10. B 17. B
4. B 11. B 18 . B
5. B 12. B 19. B
6. B 13. B 20. B
 7. C 14. B

INTERPRETATION OF RESULT

SECTION -3

S.NO SCORE LEVEL

1 0 -5 Inadequate Knowledge
2 6 – 12 Moderate Knowledge
3 13– 20 Adequate Knowledge

Prevention Checklist Of Cervical Cancer

Instruction: Experts are requested to go through the items and indicate their response with a tick
mark (√) in the column given as to whether they agree or disagree to the item in relation to its
relevance, adequacy and appropriateness, organised and give their remark in the remark column
as to why the item is disagreed.

Sr. Relevant Adequate Appropriate Organised Remarks

No. Agree Disagree Agree Disagree Agree Disagree Agree Disagree
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
 6.

7.

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9.

10.

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Suggestion and remark of the tool

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Signature of the Validator
I do hereby certify that I have validated
tool of Ms. Roshni kumari for M.Sc. Nursing 2nd year from SGT University, who is
undertaking the following study topic on “A pre-experimental study to assess the effectiveness
of video assisted programme on knowledge on cervical cancer & its prevention among
female students 15-21 years age in selected school in Haryana.”

SECTION-1: Tools For Assessing Socio-Demographic Data Of Students

SECTION-2 : Knowledge Questionnaire On Cervical Cancer

I have reviewed and given my suggestions as per my expertise. I certify that the above-
mentioned tools are found to be valid to be used in this study.

Place:

Date: Signature and seal of Validator

 CERVICAL CANCER VEDIO ASSISTED PROGRAM ON
FEMALE STUDENTS
INDEX
S.NO CONTENT PAGE NO.
1. Basic Information 2-5
• Introduction
• What is Cancer?
• What is cervical cancer?
• Types of cervical cancer ?
• How cervical cancer spread?
• How cervical cancer affect other organ ?

2. • 6-17
3. • 18-20
4. Home Care 21-22
5. References
 1. Basic Information

INTRODUCTION
Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells.
Normally, human cells grow and multiply (through a process called cell division) to form new
cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells
take their place.

Sometimes this orderly process breaks down, and abnormal or damaged cells grow and multiply
when they shouldn’t. These cells may form tumours, which are lumps of tissue. Tumours can be
cancerous or not cancerous (benign).

Cancerous tumours spread into, or invade, nearby tissues and can travel to distant places in the
body to form new tumours (a process called metastasis). Cancerous tumors may also be called
malignant tumours. Many cancers form solid tumours, but cancers of the blood, such as
leukaemia’s, generally do not.
What is Cancer?
Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of
the body.

What is Cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer is cancer that starts in the cells of the cervix. The cervix is the lower, narrow end
of the uterus (womb). The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina (birth canal). Cervical cancer
usually develops slowly over time. Before cancer appears in the cervix, the cells of the cervix go
through changes known as dysplasia, in which abnormal cells begin to appear in the
cervical tissue. Over time, if not destroyed or removed, the abnormal cells may become cancer
cells and start to grow and spread more deeply into the cervix and to surrounding areas.

Types of cervical cancer

Cervical cancers are named after the type of cell where the cancer started. The two main types
are:
• Squamous cell carcinoma: Most cervical cancers (up to 90%) are squamous cell
carcinomas. These cancers develop from cells in the ectocervix.
• Adenocarcinoma: Cervical adenocarcinomas develop in the glandular cells of the
endocervix. Clear cell adenocarcinoma, also called clear cell carcinoma or mesonephro,
is a rare type of cervical adenocarcinoma.
Sometimes, cervical cancer has features of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
This is called mixed carcinoma or Aden squamous carcinoma. Very rarely, cancer develops in
other cells in the cervix.
 • Have ways to be “invisible” so that the body’s immune system does not kill
them
• Find ways to live longer than normal cells, which makes a tumour
• Cause new blood vessels to grow to the tumour, giving energy to the cancer

How Chemotherapy Works

Chemotherapy attacks all rapidly growing cells in the body. The goal is to kill or
stop cancer cells from growing. Chemotherapy may affect cancer cells by:
• Breaking down parts of the cell
• Stopping the cells from growing
• Using up nutrients needed by the cancer cells
• Limiting blood vessel growth to the tumor
Administration
Chemotherapy is given in several ways, called routes of administration. You may
get chemo by:
1. Injection
✓ Into a muscle, under the skin, directly into a vein or directly to the
cancerous area
✓ Into the cerebral spinal fluid (called an intrathecal injection)
2. Infusion
✓ Through a needle connected to a tube in your arm or through a central
venous catheter (CVC or port)
✓ Into an artery through a catheter inserted into the area that has the tumor
✓ Into the peritoneal cavity through a peritoneal catheter
 ✓ Into the bladder through a catheter (intravesicular)
3. Mouth: Tablet, capsule or liquid form
4. Topical application: Creams, ointments or lotions rubbed into the skin
Chemotherapy is given in cycles. Your first day of chemotherapy is day 1 of the
treatment cycle. You will receive chemotherapy for one or more days. Then you will
stop chemotherapy (rest) for 1 or more days. The time between your first day of
chemotherapy and your last rest day is one cycle. A member of your health care team
will tell you how long each cycle will take.
Some patients go into the hospital for chemotherapy. Others receive chemo in an
outpatient clinic. Some patients learn how to give themselves chemo at home. They
may use an infusion pump, injection syringe or take it as a pill by mouth.

Follow Your Treatment Plan

To get the best results, it is important to follow your treatment plan. Stay on
schedule. Do not miss appointments. Here are a few tips to help.
• Use a cell phone or watch alarm as a reminder to take your medicines.
• Write your appointments in a day planner or calendar.
• Stay motivated by talking with your doctor about the benefits of your
treatment.
• Talk with your social worker if you are having problems with finances or
transportation.
• Track your treatment with a calendar

2. Side Effects of Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy affects all rapidly growing cells in the body. This includes normal,
fast-growing, healthy cells. When this happens, side effects may occur. Not
everyone is affected the same way. Areas of the body most often affected by chemo
are:
• Digestive tract (mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestines)
• Bone marrow (where blood cells are made)
• Skin and hair
 • Sex organs (ovaries or testicles)
• Nervous system (nerves in the hands and feet)
Most side effects are short term. They can often be managed with medicines and
self-care. Some side effects may be permanent.
(I) Fatigue
Fatigue can mean feeling tired physically, mentally and/or emotionally. Cancer or
cancer treatments can cause fatigue. Cancer-related fatigue can be overwhelming.
Causes
Fatigue may have many causes including:
✓ The cancer itself
✓ The treatment
✓ Persistent pain
✓ Untreated symptoms from low blood counts or side effects from medicines
✓ Other medical conditions such as hypothyroidism or heart problems
✓ Stress from other factors such as family or work problems
✓ Depression that lasts for more than 2 weeks
Symptoms
Some signs and symptoms of fatigue are:
• A weak feeling over the entire body
• Having problems concentrating
• Waking up feeling tired after sleeping
• A lack of energy or low energy
• A lack of motivation to be physically active
• Increased irritability, nervousness, anxiety or impatience
• Having no relief from fatigue, even after rest or sleep
Prevention
Here are some tips that may help prevent or manage fatigue:
• Prioritize your activities. Complete the most important tasks when you have
the most energy.
• Delegate activities to others when you can.
 • Place things that you use often within easy reach to save energy.
• Treat any medical problems that may contribute to your fatigue.
• Stay well hydrated.
• Eat a balanced diet. Include plenty of protein such as fish, lean meat/poultry,
low-fat dairy, eggs/egg whites and legumes.
• Exercise by taking short walks or doing other physical activity. Before you
start any exercise program, discuss it with your care team.
• Manage stress with exercise, relaxation, visual imagery, meditation, talking
with others or counseling.
• Balance rest with activities.
• Do not stay in bed. Limit naps/rest periods to 30 minutes at a time.

(ii)Loss of Appetite
Patients often lose their appetite before, during and after treatments. Eating less
can lead to muscle and weight loss, which can affect your overall energy level and
your ability to tolerate treatment. It is important to nourish your body well to
reduce weight loss and maintain your strength. Tell your doctor, nurse or registered
dietitian if you lose weight without trying.
Causes
• Cancer and side effects from cancer treatments. These may include nausea,
vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, altered taste, dry mouth and others.
• Medical conditions, such as fever, pneumonia or shortness of breath
• Certain medicines
• Pain
• Sadness, depression or anxiety

Self-Care Tips
 • Try to eat 6 to 8 small meals throughout the day instead of 3 regular size
meals. Include high calorie and high-protein foods and beverages with each
meal.
• Eat at scheduled times instead of waiting to feel hungry. Set an alarm to
remind you to eat every 2 to 3 hours.
• Limit fried and greasy foods. They can slow digestion which may limit you
from eating later.
• Drink most of your fluids in between meals and sip as needed with meals to
prevent fullness. Choose beverages that also provide calories (milk, juices,
shakes, smoothies).
• Keep your kitchen well stocked with foods that are easy to prepare, such as
single-serve entrees and ready-to-eat foods. Examples include peanut butter
crackers, cheese and crackers, high calorie-protein shakes, yogurts and
frozen meals.
• Eat your largest meal at the time of day when you are most hungry. Eat high
protein foods first when you are most hungry.
• Try to make eating enjoyable. Eat your favorite foods in a pleasant, relaxed
atmosphere.
• Avoid strong food odors that may increase feelings of appetite loss and
nausea.
• Make a list of your favorite foods to share with your friends and family so
they can prepare and deliver them to you.
• Stimulate your appetite by watching cooking shows or browsing recipes.
• Light exercise, such as walking, before a meal may stimulate your appetite.
• Drink nutritional supplements to increase calorie and protein intake. Your
clinic dietitian can provide suggestions.
• Ask your doctor if medicine to increase your appetite is an option for you.

(iii) Nausea
Tips to Control
Some chemotherapy (chemo) medicines may cause nausea or vomiting. Nausea is
the feeling that you are going to throw up. Vomiting is throwing up the contents of
your stomach. Nausea is more common than vomiting. Nausea that happens within
24 hours of receiving chemo is referred to as “acute” nausea. You may have nausea
for a few days after chemo is completed. This is referred to as “delayed” nausea.
After repeated chemo, some people worry that they will have nausea. They may
begin to feel it even before the treatment starts. This is called anticipatory nausea.
Not all chemotherapy causes nausea and vomiting. When these side effects are felt,
there are medicines and methods to ease symptoms. If you have nausea and
vomiting and are having a hard time eating, ask for a consult with a dietitian.
Antiemetics
Antiemetics are medicines that help control nausea and vomiting. Some can be
given before chemo to prevent nausea and vomiting. Antiemetics may be given by
mouth, IV or by other routes.
You may be given an antiemetic to use at home. You may be told to take this
medicine on a regular basis or as needed. Some patients are asked to take their
antiemetic at home before coming in for chemo.

Prevention
• Ask your health care team which antiemetic will be prescribed to prevent
and control nausea and vomiting. Learn about and follow the instructions on
when and how to take them.
• Take your nausea medicine as directed at the first sign of symptoms and as
needed. Do not wait until nausea gets worse before taking medicines.
• Eating small meals throughout the day may be better tolerated than large
meals or skipping meals.
• Do not eat heavy, high fat or greasy meals right before chemotherapy.
• Avoid strong smells or unpleasant odors and the sight of foods that can
cause nausea or vomiting
• Drink enough liquids so that your urine is light colored. Sip on liquids
throughout the day. Do not drink large amounts at one time.
• Practice good mouth care.
• Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing.
• Avoid exercising right after eating.
• Sit or recline with your head up for at least 30 to 60 minutes after eating.
• Ask for help from family and friends with grocery shopping when possible.
Treatment
• Take your antiemetic(s) as directed.
• Contact your health care team if the symptoms are not controlled with the
prescribed antiemetics or prevent you from eating or drinking for more than
a day.
• Apply a cool wet cloth to your forehead or neck.
• Do not force yourself to eat when you are nauseated. Wait until you feel
better before you try to eat.
• Dry foods (such as crackers or toast) may be better tolerated. Eat dry foods
when you first wake up, before you start moving around.
• Move slowly.
• Open a window or use a fan to circulate fresh air.
• Sip room temperature carbonated drinks such as cola or ginger ale.
• Try tart or sour flavoured foods, hard candies or liquids.
• Sip liquids throughout the day or eat ice chips made from water, Gatorade,
juices or ginger ale.
• Drink enough liquids so that your urine is light colored.
• Pay attention to which foods trigger and/or soothe nausea. Do not eat your
favourite foods when nauseated. Doing so may cause you to no longer enjoy
them later due to the link to feeling sick.
• Use distraction such as music, puzzles, games, TV or reading.
• Learn relaxation techniques. Ask your health care team for other treatment
options (such as acupuncture or complementary therapies, or ginger)

(iv) Constipation
Constipation is when you have hard, dry stool that is difficult to pass. Bowel
movements may also be less frequent. Symptoms may include pain, discomfort,
gas, nausea and a decrease in appetite.
Causes
• Decreased Activity
• Decreased Appetite and Fluid Intake
 Nutrition and Constipation
These general nutrition tips may help improve appetite and fluid intake.
• Eat small, frequent meals every 2 to 3 hours.
• Add high-fiber foods to your diet every day, unless you have been told to
limit fiber.
Examples:
✓ High-fiber cereals
✓ Fresh vegetables (wash first)
✓ Fresh fruits with skins (wash first)
✓ Prunes and/or prune juice
✓ Whole grains (quinoa, oatmeal, brown rice, whole grain breads)
✓ Legumes (beans)
• Drink 8 to 10 cups (64 to 80 ounces) of fluids every day. Drinking enough liquid helps
soften stools. If your urine is dark, you are not drinking enough.
• Drink warm or hot fluids (including soups). This stimulates the GI tract. Drinking warm
prune juice before a meal and a hot beverage after your meal can help bring on a bowel
movement.
Self-Care Tips
• Keep track of your bowel movements.
• Treat constipation right away when symptoms first appear. Do not wait to
take a laxative.
• Do not ignore the urge to have a bowel movement. Holding stool results in
harder and larger stool that is difficult to pass.
• Find out which foods cause you constipation and avoid those foods.
• Do not use enemas and suppositories if your platelet or white blood cell
counts are low or if you take blood thinners.
Mouth Care for Chemotherapy
Patients Chemotherapy (chemo) treatment may affect your mouth. Use this
information to help manage your mouth care.
Possible Problems
You can see or feel most of these problems. Check your mouth every day for:
 • Sores in your mouth or throat (ulcers)
• Infection
• Painful mouth and swollen gums
• Burning, peeling or swelling of the tongue
• Changes in thickness of saliva
• Dry mouth
• Changes in taste
• Painful swallowing
• Difficulty eating or talking

Mouth Care
Visit your dentist at least 1 month before you start chemo. Tell your dentist and
oncology team if you have had mouth or dental problems. These may include:
• Bleeding gums when brushing
• Broken teeth or fillings
• Sensitive teeth
• Gum disease (periodontal disease or gingivitis)
• Loose teeth
• Persistent irritation from dentures
Use a soft toothbrush and toothpaste with fluoride. Do not use toothpaste with
tartar or whitening control. Brush your teeth after each meal and at bedtime. Even
if you are not eating, brush your teeth to remove the film coating and bacteria.
After you brush your teeth, rinse your mouth with a baking soda solution. Mix 1/2
teaspoon baking soda in 8 ounces of water. Swish gently and spit.

(V) Mouth and Throat Soreness Relief

Treatment may cause soreness in your mouth and throat. This is called oral
mucositis. Your mouth may be red and sore with open ulcers. Tell your doctor or
nurse if you have sores in your mouth. Report any bleeding or white patches on
your tongue.
Causes
Oral mucositis can be caused by:
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation to your head, neck and salivary glands
• Total body radiation
• Chemotherapy with radiation
• Stem cell transplant
• Poor oral hygiene or mouth care

Treatments
Sometimes mouth rinses provide relief. Ask your health care team if you should
use any of these:
• Baking soda rinse:
✓ Each day, make your own baking soda solution. Mix 1/2 teaspoon of
baking soda with 8 ounces of warm water.
✓ Swish 2 tablespoons in your mouth for 30 seconds and then spit it out.
− You may also gargle with the rinse for several seconds. Then spit it
out.
✓ Rinse at least 2 to 4 times a day, up to every 2 hours while you are
awake. Do not rinse with the baking soda more than 6 times a day.
• Salt and baking soda rinse:
✓ In 8 ounces of warm water, add 1/8 teaspoon of salt and 1/4 teaspoon
of baking soda. Stir until dissolved.
✓ Swish 2 tablespoons in your mouth for 30 seconds and then spit it
out.
✓ You may also gargle with the rinse for several seconds. Then spit it
out.
 ✓ Rinse at least 2 to 4 times a day, up to every 2 hours while you are
awake. Do not rinse with the baking soda and salt more than 6 times a
day.
• Mucosa coating agents:
✓ This is a thick, colored liquid. You will need a prescription for it.
Prescriptions may be for Magic Mouthwash or Xyloxylin. Your health
care team decides which is best for you. These medicines may or may
not be covered by your health insurance.
✓ Swish to coat the inside of your mouth. Swallowing it soothes the
throat too. If you are nauseated and not able to swallow it, you may
spit it out.
• Diet
Eating may be difficult. You may need to pay attention to food texture and
temperature. Eat what is most comfortable for you.
• Choose soft, moist foods that are easy to swallow. Avoid rough-textured, acidic,
tart and spicy foods that may cause irritation.
• Cut foods into small bites to reduce chewing.
• If spoons or forks cause pain, drink blended meals from a cup. Puree or liquefy
foods with a blender or food processor.
• Drink liquids through a straw to help push the food past painful areas in your
mouth.
• Do not eat very hot or cold foods. Drink fluids and eat foods that are at room
temperature.
• Use liquid nutrition supplements. Examples include Boost, Ensure and Carnation
Breakfast Essentials. These help you get enough calories and protein.
• Limit caffeine.
• Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration and a dry mouth.

(vi) Hair, Skin and Nails

Potential Changes with Chemotherapy
Side effects such as hair loss, changes in skin color or texture or cracked or brittle
nails may occur during chemotherapy (chemo). Some chemo medicines may cause
these changes, others do not. If you have any of these changes, ask your health care
team if your medicines may be the reason.
Hair Loss or Thinning
Hair loss (known as alopecia) can occur on any part of the body. This includes the
head, face, arms, legs, underarms or pubic areas. It may involve mild thinning or
complete hair loss. Hair loss does not normally happen right away. It can start from
2 to 4 weeks after chemo begins. Hair loss is usually temporary. Hair can grow
back a different color or texture after chemo is done. It can also return to its
original appearance. If you have hair loss, keep your scalp clean and moisturized to
prevent skin breaks. Use sunscreen, sun block, a hat, scarf or wig to protect your
scalp from the sun. To help manage hair loss due to chemotherapy, scalp cooling
may be an option for you.

Skin Changes
• Dry skin
− Bathe or shower in lukewarm water. Avoid long, hot showers and bubble baths.
− Use mild soaps without perfume or fragrance. Consider a moisturizing body
wash.
− Pat yourself dry instead of rubbing
− Keep your skin moisturized. Use hypoallergenic creams without fragrance after
you bathe or shower.
− Avoid perfume, cologne or aftershave lotion. These products often contain
alcohol which dries and irritates skin.
− Drink enough fluids so that your urine is light colored or clear. This means your
body has enough fluid.
• Sensitivity to sunlight
− You may get sunburned more easily. The sun may also cause a skin rash.
− Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight. Do not use sunlamps or tanning beds.
− Use a PABA-free sunscreen (SPF 30 or greater) and lip balm, no matter your
skin tone. You may need to avoid direct sunlight completely.
− Wear sun protective clothing such as long-sleeved cotton shirts, hats, sunglasses
and/or pants when outside.
• Skin rash or itching
− Report any rash, blisters, itching, redness or peeling to your doctor or nurse right
away.
− Ask for medicines to relieve itching.
− Bathe or shower with gentle body washes such as Dove or Oil of Olay.
− Wear loose fitting clothing.
• Acne
− Talk with your doctor about over-the-counter or prescription medicines that may
help.
Nail Changes
Changes in fingernails or toenails may occur from chemo. Your nails may darken
or develop white streaks or ridges. They may become brittle, dry and cracked.
Nails may lift up from the nail bed. These changes are temporary and will take
time to grow out. Protect your hands and feet if these changes occur. If you do not,
the chance of infection and nail loss increases.
• Gently trim or file nails. Do not cut nails too close to the nail bed.
• Do not get professional manicures or pedicures unless your health care team says
it is OK.
• Use unscented lotions and creams to keep your nails and cuticles healthy.
• Wear gloves while working around the house or yard.
• Do not use nail-strengthening products. They may irritate your skin or nails.
• Talk with your health care team about artificial nails. They may cause fungal
infections. They may also mask nail changes caused by cancer treatment.
• Report redness, pain or other changes that occur around your cuticles. If you have
these symptoms, ask for a copy of the Paronychia patient education document.

(vii) Pain, Nerves and Muscles

Potential Changes With Chemotherapy
It is common for patients to feel pain. Pain may be caused by cancer or cancer
treatments. Pain can be managed to provide a level of comfort in order to do daily
activities. It is important to understand cancer- and treatment-related pain and how
to control it.
Why Pain Should Be Treated
Pain can affect you in many ways. It can keep you from being active, sleeping
well, enjoying time with family and friends and eating. Pain can make you feel
afraid or depressed. Pain may also prevent you from participating in your care and
can slow your recovery from treatment.
Most cancer pain is manageable with treatment. When you have less pain, you may
be more active and interested in doing things you enjoy. Tell your doctor or nurse
right away if you are feeling any pain. Getting help for your pain early can make
pain treatment more effective.
Causes
There are many causes of pain in cancer patients. Most cancer pain occurs when a
tumour presses on bone, nerves or body organs. Cancer treatment or surgical
procedures can also cause pain.
You may also have pain that has nothing to do with your illness or treatment. You
may have headaches, muscle strains and other aches and pains. If you are taking
medicine for cancer treatment or pain, talk with your health care team about what
you can take for these every day aches and pains.
Other conditions such as arthritis, can also cause pain. Pain from other conditions
can be treated along with cancer pain. Talk with your health care team about your
medical history. They will discuss how each condition can be treated and what
may work best for you.
Treatment
Cancer pain is most often treated with medicine. Radiation, surgery and other
treatments can be used along with pain medicine to help relieve pain. Ask your
health care team about how other therapies might help you. There are also ways to
decrease pain without medicine. Ask your health care team about treatments that
do not include medicines.
It is important to treat pain early. Waiting until it becomes very bad may require
more medicine and make it harder to treat. Check with your health care team
before you take any over-the counter pain relievers. They may interfere with or
worsen side effects from cancer treatment.

Nerves and Muscles

It is common for patients on chemotherapy to experience nerve and muscle-related
side effects. Nerve and muscle pain can be caused by the cancer or cancer
treatments irritating nerves and/or muscles.
Some chemotherapy can cause a condition known as peripheral neuropathy.
Patients may experience tingling, burning or numbness in their hands and/or feet.
Tell your health care team when you start to notice these symptoms so they can
identify ways to manage this side effect. Other nerve-related symptoms may
include dizziness, lightheadedness, loss of balance and clumsiness. You may have
trouble picking up objects or walking. Some patients shake or tremble. There may
be changes in vision or hearing.
In addition, certain chemotherapy medicines can lead to weak, tired or sore
muscles. In most cases, these symptoms are temporary and get better with time.
Sometimes they persist after chemotherapy. Nerve and muscle symptoms that do
not go away may mean serious problems that need medical attention.
Before you start any new treatment, tell your health care team if you have any
nerve or muscle symptoms. Also tell them of any new symptoms that develop at
any time while on treatment.
To manage nerve or muscle-related side effects:
• Change positions slowly if you are light headed or dizzy.
• Do the following for numbness or tingling in the hands or feet:
− Wear shoes or slippers when walking.
− Test bath water temperature with your elbow.
− Hold hot mugs by the handle, not the cup.
− Use caution with sharp objects.
• Use handrails when going up or down stairs for balance or muscle strength
problems.
• Ask for help if you are too weak or are in too much pain to complete a task

3.Sexuality and Chemotherapy

Most patients are able to have sexual activity during chemotherapy (chemo).
However, there is a greater risk for infection. If your blood counts (white blood
cells and/or platelets) are low or may become low, talk with your health care team
about whether it is safe to have sex.
Some treatments may lower sperm count. However, this may not make a male
infertile. Treatments may also cause a female's periods to stop. However, you can
still get pregnant before your periods return. Pregnancy may still be possible. Some
treatments may cause birth defects. Discuss your risks of pregnancy with your
doctor. Talk with your health care team about the best method of birth control for
you.
Practice safe sex if you or your partner have sex with more than 1 person. Latex
condoms and/or dental dams help prevent infections from body fluids. If you use a
lubricant with latex condoms, choose one that is water-based. Do not use a
lubricant that has oil (such as baby oil or petroleum jelly). Oil weakens the
condom.
Changes in Sexuality
 During chemo, some patients feel less interested in sexual intimacy. For some,
fatigue makes sex difficult. Chemo may, but does not always, affect hormone
levels. These changes may affect sexual organs and functioning.
Males
During treatment, you may have trouble getting or maintaining an erection. This
usually returns to normal after treatment. Chemo may reduce your sperm cell
count. This can affect your ability to father children. It does not affect the ability to
have sexual intercourse. A low sperm count may be temporary or permanent. It
depends on the dose of chemo, the type of medicines and your age. Ask your
doctor about the long-term effects of your treatment plan.
Females
Chemo may affect the function of the ovaries. Menstrual periods may become
irregular. They may stop completely. Changes can be temporary or permanent.
Sometimes chemo may cause you to enter menopause. Common symptoms include
hot flashes and vaginal dryness or itching. Vaginal dryness can be relieved by
using vaginal moisturizers. Use them regularly. Vaginal lubricants can make
sexual activity more comfortable. You can buy these over-the-counter without a
prescription. Chemo causes vaginal mucositis in some patients. This is a painful
irritation of the lining of the vagina. If you develop vaginal pain, tell your doctor.

Hand Washing
Preventing infection is very important to your health. It is especially important in the
hospital. People who are sick are more likely to get an infection. The most important
way to prevent the spread of infection is through hand washing and using hand
sanitizers.
How to Wash Your Hands
To remove dirt and germs, follow these steps every time you wash your hands:
1. Wet your hands and use enough soap for a good lather (about the size of a nickel
or quarter).
2. Rub your hands together for 20 seconds. Make sure to scrub all surfaces. This
includes between your fingers and under your fingernails. The amount of time you
wash is important. To make sure you wash for enough time, imagine singing the
“Happy Birthday” song 2 times.
3. Rinse your hands well with water.
4. Use a towel to turn off the water in order to keep your hands clean
When to Clean Your Hands
Remember to clean your hands:
• When your hands are dirty
• Before and after contact with another patient, family member or care team member
• Before eating and drinking
• After handling dirty items
• After blowing your nose, sneezing or coughing
• After going to the restroom
• After touching any hospital surfaces such as doorknobs, bed rails, phones or remote
controls
• After being in a public place
• After putting on or taking off your face mask
4.Home care
(i) Chemotherapy Safety For Patients Receiving Chemotherapy and Caregivers
You are receiving chemotherapy (chemo) to treat your cancer. There are things you
can do to protect you and your loved ones from the effects of chemotherapy. It takes
time for your body to get rid of the chemo medicines. Follow these instructions to
handle chemo during treatment and for 48 hours after you complete your treatment.
If you are getting continuous chemo without any breaks, talk with your health care
team about the risks involved to you and your loved ones if exposed to the chemo or
waste from your body. Follow these precautions to keep the people you live with,
caregivers and the environment safe from the chemo medicine(s).
These precautions are for patients who take chemotherapy with the highest risk of
harm due to accidental exposure. Talk with your health care team about the risk
linked to your chemo and any possible changes that may be made to these
precautions.
(ii) Handling Body Waste During Chemotherapy Treatment and 48 Hours
After the Last Dose
Safe handling guidelines are used any time anyone might touch body waste, such as
urine, stool or vomit. This includes touching toilets, bedside commodes, bedpans,
vomit pans, urinals, ostomy bags or other body waste containers.
• Use the toilet as usual. When you are done, close the toilet lid and flush (2 times if
a low-flow toilet) to ensure all waste has been emptied.
• Try to not splash urine. If the toilet or toilet seat becomes soiled with urine, stool
or vomit, clean the surfaces with bleach wipes before other people use the toilet.
• Wash your hands well with soap and water after you use the toilet.
• Keep toilets and restrooms clean.
• Change and wash all soiled clothes or bed linens right away.
• Wash your skin with soap and water.
• If you use diapers or bladder control products, use the disposable kind. Place soiled
items inside 2 sealable, leak-proof plastic bags for disposal. This is called “double-
bagging.”
• Empty body waste containers into the toilet. Pour them close to the water not to
splash. Clean body waste containers after each use with soap and water. Rinse well.
• Clean ostomy bags one time a day and empty as needed.
• Caregivers should wear disposable gloves when handling or cleaning any type of
bodily waste from the patient. Never use torn gloves or gloves with small holes in
them.
− Remove the used gloves and place them in the leak proof bags.
− Wash your hands after you remove the gloves.
(iii) Handling Laundry
Wash your clothes or bed linens as usual unless they become soiled with chemo or
body waste. Wash soiled laundry separately from other laundry items.
Follow these instructions:
• Wash soiled laundry right away. If it cannot be washed right away, put it in a plastic
bag. Wash it as soon as possible.
• Carry any soiled laundry away from your body. Wash your hands after touching
soiled laundry.
• Use detergent and hot or warm water to wash soiled laundry.
• Caregivers should wear disposable gloves when handling laundry soiled by body
waste from the patient. Never use torn gloves or gloves with small holes in them.
− Remove the used gloves and place them in the leak proof bags.
− Wash your hands after you remove the gloves.

(Iv) Handling Trash

• Use the leak-proof plastic bag or container with lid for soiled trash.
• Seal the bag and place it inside a larger leak-proof bag. Seal bags with ties or rubber
bands when full. Seal containers with tape. Place in household trash.
• Label the bag “not for recycle.”
• Keep trash away from children and pets.
(v) Sexual Activity
• If you are sexually active and of childbearing age, use effective forms of birth
control during treatment. Your health care team can help you decide what kind is
best for you.
• Most patients are able to continue sexual activity during chemo, but special
precautions are sometimes needed. Small amounts of chemo may be present in
vaginal fluid and semen for up to 48 hours after you finish treatment. Ask your health
care team if you or your partner should use a condom during sex.
• Activities such as hugging and kissing are safe and do not need special precautions.
Summary
Chemotherapy (chemo) is the use of medicines to treat cancer. Chemo may cure or control the
spread of or relieve symptoms from cancer. It kills or slows the growth of the primary cancer. It
also works in the body against cancer cells that have spread (metastasized) from the primary
location of the cancer. Other medicines used to treat cancer include biotherapy, immunotherapy,
targeted therapy or vaccines. Each type works in a different way, so the actions in the body may
be different. The side effects may also vary. Chemotherapy attacks all rapidly growing cells in
the body. The goal is to kill or stop cancer cells from growing. Chemotherapy is given in several
ways, called routes of administration.
Chemotherapy affects all rapidly growing cells in the body. This includes normal, fast-growing,
healthy cells. When this happens, side effects may occur. Not everyone is affected the same way.
Areas of the body most often affected by chemo are:
• Digestive tract (mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestines)
• Bone marrow (where blood cells are made)
• Skin and hair
• Sex organs (ovaries or testicles)
• Nervous system (nerves in the hands and feet)

Conclusion
Chemotherapy is an aggressive form of chemical drug therapy meant to destroy rapidly growing
cells in the body. It’s usually used to treat cancer, as cancer cells grow and divide faster than
other cells. Chemotherapy has been proven to effectively attack cancer cells, but it can cause
serious side effects that can severely impact your quality of life. Most side effects of
chemotherapy subside when treatment is over. But there’s also the risk of long-lasting effects
that may develop even years after treatment, depending on the type of chemotherapy used. Self-
care is as varied and unique as we are Each person (“Self”) determines which practices best
promote their well-being. in mind, body and soul. Some of the best self- care practices are
comprised of simple action that Integrate smoothly into your lifestyle, such as cooking healthy
food, listening to music taking or quick walk. Self-care does not have to be expensive or time
consuming.

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