GENERAL ITEMS OF WORK 28
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EARTHWORK IN EXCAVATION FOR FOUNDATION TRENCHES
• Earth is excavated for foundation trenches to the exact width and depth of
foundation with vertical sides and bottom levelled both longitudinally and
transversally.
• The quantity of earthwork (mᶟ) = Length × Width × Height
EARTHWORK IN FILLING
• For Foundation Filling:
For low rate of earth filling the quantity is usually taken as 1/5th of the
volume of earthwork in excavation.
For high rate due to carried earth for accuracy, then
The quantity of earthwork (mᶟ) = Volume of work in excavation –
volume of work in foundation
• Plinth Filling:
The internal length and breadth of a room or verandah between the
plinth walls and multiplied by depth of filling.
The depth of filling is taken from the ground level up to the bottom of
floor structure
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BRICK FLAT SOLING
• The soiling is worked out in m2, multiplying the length and width of the
trench.
• For lean concrete soling the volume is calculate in cu-m by multiplying
the thickness of the concrete by multiplying the thickness of concrete with
length and width.
CEMENT OR LIME CONCRETE IN FOUNDATION
• The volume of concrete (mᶟ) = Length × Width × Depth
• Dimensions of length and width of concrete remain the same as that of
earthwork
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MASONARY WORK IN FOUNDATION & PLINTH
• The volume of different offsets or layers and plinth wall are calculated in
cu-m by multiplying their individual length, width and height.
• As there is no opening in the wall up to plinth no deduction is required.
DAMP PROOF COURSE (DPC)
• This is usually a layer of cement concrete mixture in 1:2:4 mixed with water
proofing compound laid in between plinth and superstructure wall to prevent
rise of water by capillary action from ground.
• To prevent excessive damp effectively a layer of cement concrete (1:1.5:3) 4
cm in thickness painted with two coats of hot bitumen is used.
• The quantities are calculated is sq-m. The length is the length of wall, the
width is consider as thickness of superstructure wall.
• After calculating the total area, deduction is done for door opening, window
opening and any other opening whose bottom level starts from the plinth level
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MASONARY WORK IN SUPERSTRUCTURE
• The wall should be considered solid first (without openings) and the
volume of brick work (mᶟ) = Length × Width × Height
• After calculation, volume of openings should be deducted.
RCC OR REINFORCED BRICK WORK
• The quantity of RCC and RB (mᶟ) = Length × Width × Depth (including
reinforcements)
• The volume of reinforcement should not be deducted from the volume
concrete
• The quantities of reinforcement is found separately by separate item in
estimate
CENTERING AND SHUTTERING (FORMWORK) 33
• The cost of formwork is about 30% of cement concrete
• Unless otherwise specified formwork is measured separately in
m2.
• The measurement is taken as the actual surface in contact with
concrete or any other material required frame work.
STEEL WORK
• It is measured by weight in quintal.
• No separate payment is made for binding wire
• The weight of reinforcement may be calculated from the percentage volume
in RCC such as 0.8% to 1% reinforcement for different member.
• The volume of reinforcement in cu-m = vol of the member in cu-m × 1/100
• Weight of steel (quintals) = volume of reinforcement × 78.5
LIME TERRACING 34
• It is calculated in sq-m by multiplying length × width.
• The clear space between parapets is measured
• The average consolidated thickness is determined throughout
the terrace.
WOODWORK FOR DOOR & WINDOWS
• The quantity of frame is measure in cu-m
• If door is not provided with sill, then length of doors is two jambs + one head
• If there is horn projection at two sides of header then they should also be added
• If vertical members is extended to the floor then they should also be added.
• Clamps for fixing frames should be added separately
• The quantity of shutter is measure in sq-m
• If there is any clearance between the frame and shutter, it should be deducted
• The fittings, bolts and handles should be measured in numbers
MILD STEEL CLAMP OR HOLD FAST 35
• They are counted by the number in estimate (total 6 no of clamps).
• The size and type of the clamp is stated in the description
• The item may also be paid in kg after measuring the weight of one such members
• This item includes fitting and fixing with cement concrete
• Cost of cement concrete may be included or paid separately
WHITE WASHING & COLOUR WASHING
• The quantity should be calculated in sq-m
• The number of coats shall be stated in the item
• Deduction for openings shall be made as per plastering
FLOORING 36
Flooring for ground floor:
• Ground floor means floor on plinth
• The floor consisting of two parts
1. 7.5 cm thick lime or cement concrete over brick soling
2. 20-35 mm thick artificial stone topping with coloured pigment
• The base and top both are calculated in sq-m
• Area of top is inside dimension between walls which is higher than base
First Floor or Subsequent Top Floors:
• The flooring is done on the roof of the lower story, so the flooring requires
only the top part.
• To make a finished top of the roof surface a layer of 25mm to 40 mm thick
cement concrete (1:2:4) with 5 mm stone chips are provided in case of
artificial stone flooring
• The quantities are measured in sq-m
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