BDwbU 2 mªóv I m„wó

f‚wgKv

mKj m„wói g~‡j mªóv i‡q‡Qb| Rxe I RM‡Zi m„wói g~‡j iq‡Qb GKRb mªóv| wKš‘ mªóv‡K
Avgiv mivmwi †`L‡Z cvBbv| wKš‘ cªK„wZ I cwi‡e‡ki iƒc I ˆewP‡Î¨i g‡a¨ Avgiv Gi
mªóv‡K Abyfe Kwi| Rxe I RM‡Zi mKj wKQyi m„wó-KZ©v‡K ejv nq Ck¦i| Ck¦i GK Ges
AwØZxq| wZwbB mKj wKQy m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Avevi wZwbB AvZ¥v iƒ‡c Rx‡ei g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb
K‡ib|

Ômªóv I m„wóÑ kxl©K G BDwb‡Ui `ywU cv‡Vi cª_gwU‡Z cªK„wZ I cwi‡ek †`‡L m„wóKZ©v
m¤ú‡K© aviYv Ges wØZxqwU‡Z m„wóKZ©v GK I AwØZxqÑ G cªm‡½ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Av‡jvPbvi myweav‡_© GB BDwbUwU‡K †gvU `yBwU cv‡V fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cvV¸‡jv n‡”Q:

cvV- 2.1: cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek †`‡L m„wóKZ©v m¤ú‡K© aviYv

cvV- 2.2: m„wóKZ©v GK I AwØZxq

wPÎ 2: wewPÎ cÖK„wZ|

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 2.1 cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek †`‡L m„wóKZ©v m¤ú‡K© aviYv

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV ‡k‡l Avcwb−

cÖK„wZ I cwi‡e‡ki eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖK„wZ I cwi‡e‡ki ‰ewPΨ I H‡K¨i e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cªKw„ Z I cwi‡e‡ki mKj e¯‘ I mKj Rx‡ei GKRb mªóv Av‡QbÑ G K_v ej†Z
cvi‡eb|

wn›`yag© Abymv‡i m„wóKZ©v‡K Ck¦i e‡j G K_v ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Ck¦i Rx‡ei mªóv, Avevi wZwb AvZ¥viƒ‡c Rx‡ei g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb K‡ibÑ G K_v eywS‡q
ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

cig mªóv I m„wói m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Avgiv c„w_ex‡Z evm Kwi| G c„w_exi †Kvb ‡Lvjv RvqMvq `uvwo‡q Ic‡ii w`‡K ZvKv‡j
Avgiv †`wL mybxj AvKvk| †m AvKv‡k ev gnvk~‡b¨ i‡q‡Q m~h©, P›`ª, Mªn, Ab¨vb¨ Mªn I
DcMªn Z_v b¶Îgvjv| Avi c„w_ex‡Z †Kv_vI myD”P ce©Z, ce©‡Zi wkLi mv`v ei‡d XvKv|
Zv‡Z m~‡h©i Av‡jv co‡j Zv wSKwgK K‡i| ce©Z ‡_‡K b`-b`x †b‡g Av‡m| †b‡g Av‡m
SY©v aviv| e„¶, jZv I ¸j¥-fiv ebf~wg cªvšÍi Avi ‡jvKvj‡qi wfZi w`‡q b`x e‡q hvq|
b`x¸‡jv wgwjZ nq mgy‡`ªi mv‡_| e„¶-jZvq _v‡K bvbv iK‡gi dzj Avi dj|

Avevi †Kv_vI giæf‚wg| †m giæf‚wgi Zß evjyKYvi g‡a¨ w`‡q D‡Ui wc‡V P‡o ¯’vb †_‡K
¯’vbvšÍ‡i hvq gvbyl| GK giƒ`¨vb †_‡K Avi GK giƒ`¨v‡b| cªK„wZ I cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨ GB
wewfbœZv I ˆewPΨ we¯§qKi| eQ‡ii wewfbœ mg‡qI cªK„wZ I cwi‡e‡k ‰ewPΨ Av‡m|

Mªx®§Kv‡j m~‡h©i cªLi DËvc| Lvj, wej, ïwK‡q hvq| †Kv_vI gvV †d‡U †PŠwPi n‡q hvq|
KLbI KLbI AvKvk ‡Q‡q hvq Kv‡jv †g‡N| ¸iæ ¸iæ Wv‡K †gN| we`y¨r PgKvq| So nq
Kvj‰ekvLx So| el©vKv‡j AvKvk ‡Q‡q hvq Kv‡jv ‡g‡N| bv‡g Xj| b`x-Lvj-wej R‡j
f‡i I‡V| ZiZi‡e‡M b`x e‡q P‡j|

kirKv‡j AvKvk cwi®‹vi _v‡K| mybxj AvKv‡k †f‡m †eovq mv`v †gN| Ggwb K‡i †ngšÍ,
kir I em‡šÍ cªK„wZ Zvi iƒc e`jvq, cwi‡e‡k Av‡m ˆewPΨ|

Rx‡ei g‡a¨I wK Kg ˆewPΨ? gvbyl, cï, cvwL, KxU, cZ½| gvby‡l gvby‡l e‡Y©i, AvKv‡ii
KZB bv cv_©K¨| iO-†ei‡Oi cvwL, bvbv AvKv‡ii bvbv ai‡bi KxU Avi cZ½|

Rxe I RM‡Zi g‡a¨ †hgb ˆewPΨ i‡q‡Q, †Zgwb Avevi bvbv w`K †_‡K HK¨I i‡q‡Q|
†hgb FZz P‡µi AveZ©b, Mªn‡`i wbR K¶ c‡_ Pjv, Rx‡ei Rb¥ I g„Zy¨, Rb¥ n‡j g„Zz¨
n‡eB, GB Awbevh©ZvÑ Gfv‡e mgMª Rxe I RM‡Zi g‡a¨ Mfxi HK¨ Ges GKUv PgrKvi
k„•Ljv i‡q‡Q|

wn›`y ag© c„ôv- 13

 wmGW †cÖvMÖvg ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cªK„wZ I cwi‡e‡ki w`‡K ZvwK‡q Ávbxiv, `vk©wb‡Kiv ev fvey‡Kiv †f‡e‡Qb Ä Ges AvgivI
fvwe Ä wK K‡i GB RMZ, AbšÍ wek¦ I Rxemg~‡ni m„wó nj? wbðqB Gi g‚‡j mªóv Av‡Qb|
GB cig mªóv‡K ejv nq Ck¦i| cªK„wZ I cwi‡ek †_‡K Gfv‡e m„wóKZ©v ev Ck¦i m¤ú‡K©
aviYv jvf K‡i‡Qb Ávbxiv| Zuviv mKj‡K Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Ck¦i mKj wKQyi m„wó K‡i‡Qb|
Amxg Zuvi kw³, AbšÍ Zvi ¸Y| wZwb me©Î Av‡Qb|

ZvB †Zv Kwe iRbxKvšÍ ‡mb e‡j‡Qb,

AvQ Abj-Awb‡j wPi b‡fvbx‡j

f~ai-mwjjMn‡b|
AvQ weUwc jZvq Rj‡`i Mvq
kkxZviKvq Zc‡b\

wZwbB Rx‡ei AvZ¥viƒ‡c Rx‡ei g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb K‡ib| ZvB Rxe‡K fvjevm‡j Ck¦i‡K
fvjevmv nq| Rxe‡K ‡mev Ki‡j Ck¦‡ii ‡mev Kiv nq|

¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` ZvB wj‡L‡Qb,

Òeûiƒ‡c ‡Zvgvi m¤§y‡L Qvwo †Kv_v LyuwRQ Ck¦i?

Rx‡e †cÖg K‡i †hB Rb, †mB Rb †mwe‡Q Ck¦i|Ó

mvivsk RMZ, AbšÍ-wek¦ I Rx‡ei g‡a¨ we¯§qKi ‰ewPΨ i‡q‡Q| Avevi ˆewP‡Î¨i g‡a¨
HK¨ I k„•Ljv i‡q‡Q| mKj m„wói g‚‡j GKRb mªóv i‡q‡Qb| wn›`ya‡g© mKj wKQyi
cig m„wóKZ©v‡K Ck¦i e‡j| Ávbxiv m„wói ‰ewPΨ †`‡L Zvi g~‡j GKRb mªóv
Av‡Qb, G aviYv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| Ck¦i Rxe‡K ïay m„wóB K‡ibwb, wZwb Rx‡ei
AvZ¥viƒ‡c Rx‡ei g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb K‡ib| ZvB Rxe‡K fvjevm‡j Rx‡ei †mev Ki‡j
Ck¦‡ii ‡mev Kiv nq|

BDwbU- 2 c„ôv- 14
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 2.1

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (
) wPý w`b|

1| Avgv‡`i cªK…wZ I cwi‡ek †Kgb?

K. mv`vgvUv
L. GK‡N‡q
M. ˆewPΨgq
N. nvm¨Ki|

2| cwi‡ek I cªK„wZi m„wói g‚‡j †K i‡q‡Qb?

K. m~h©
L. †`eZv
M. weòz
N. Ck¦i|

3| Ck¦i wKiƒ‡c Rx‡ei g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb K‡ib?

K. cªfziƒ‡c
L. ü`qiƒ‡c
M. AvZ¥viƒ‡c
N. n„rwcÛiƒ‡c|

4| Av‡Q Abj-Awb‡j, wPi b‡fvbx‡jÑ †Kvb Kwe G K_v e‡j‡Qb?

K. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
L. iRbxKvšÍ †mb
M. w؇R›`ªjvj ivq
N. m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë|

5| Rx‡ei ‡mev Ki‡j wK nq?

K. Avb›` nq
L. ¯^M© cvIqv hvq
M. Ck¦‡ii †mev Kiv nq
N. c‡ii DcKvi Kiv nq|

wn›`y ag© c„ôv- 15

 wmGW †cÖvMÖvg ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cvV 2.2 m„wóKZ©v GK I AwØZxq

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

m„wóKZ©v GK I AwØZxq G K_v e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†`eZv Kv‡K e‡j Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Ck¦i I †`eZvi g‡a¨Kvi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†`eZv eû n‡jI Ck¦i GK I AwØZxq GK_v eywS‡q ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

m„wói g‡a¨ A‡bK kw³, ¸Y I iƒ‡ci cwiPq cvIqv hvq| m~‡h©i †Z³ I Av‡jv, AwMœi
`vwnKv kw³, evqyi MwZ Avgv‡`i wew¯§Z K‡i| wKš‘ G kw³mg~n Ck¦i bq| Ck¦i G-mK‡ji
mªóv| G-mKj kw³, ¸Y ev e¯‘‡Z Ck¦‡ii kw³ I ¸Y cÖKvwkZ|

Ck¦i hLb Zvui †Kvb kw³ ev ¸Y‡K AvKvi †`b, ZLb Zv‡K †`eZv e‡j| †hgb, `yM©v kw³i
†`ex, mi¯^Zx we`¨vi †`ex, eªþv m„wói †`eZv, weòz Rxe I RMZ‡K cvjb K‡ib| †`eZviv
cyRvq mš‘ó nb| †`eZviv mš‘ó n‡j Ck¦iI mš‘ó nb Ges f‡³i g‡bvevÃv c~Y© K‡ib|
†`eZv eû n‡jI Ck¦i eû bb| Ck¦i GK Ges AwØZxq| ZvB mbvZb ag©kv‡¯¿ ejv n‡q‡Q
ÔGK‡gevwØZxqg&Õ| Ck¦i GK Ges AwØZxq| FM&‡e`-G Avgiv †`wL, Ck¦i e‡j‡Qb,
ÔG‡Kvnng&Õ -Avwg GK| GB ÔAvwgÕ n‡”Qb Ck¦i|

K‡Vvcwl‡` Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z wM‡q ejv n‡q‡Q,

b ZÎ m~‡hv© fvwZ, b P›`ªZviKs

†bgv we`y¨‡Zv fvwšÍ Kz‡ZvnqgwMœt|
Z‡ge fvšÍgbyfvwZ me©s
Zm¨ fvmv me©wg`s wefvwZ\

A_©vr m~h© Zv‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, P›`ª-ZviKvI bq G we`y¨rI bq, AwMœi Avi K_v wK!
wZwb `xc¨gvb e‡jB Ab¨ mevB `xwß cÖKvk Ki‡Q, Zuvi `xw߇Z mgMÖ RMZ cÖKvwkZ|

†k¦Zvk¦ZiZi Dcwbl‡` Ck¦i‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i FwlKwe D”PviY K‡i‡Qb, ZzwgB bxj cZ½,
ZzwgB meyR i‡Oi Ges bxj †PvL-Iqvjv wUqv cvwL, ZzwgB we`y¨rMf© †gN, †Zvgvi Avw` †bB,
AšÍ †bB, Zzwg me©e¨vcx iƒ‡c weivR KiQ, †Zvgv †_‡KB mKj Rxe I RM‡Zi m„wó| AviI
ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔGKv ns‡mv fzebm¨vm¨ g‡a¨Õ A_©vr GB c„w_ex‡Z GK cigvZ¥vB bvbv iƒ‡c
we`¨vgvb| kªxg`&fMe`&MxZvq ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔZ¡g¶is cigs †ew`Ze¨s, Z¡gm¨ wek¦m¨ cis
wbavbg&Õ- Zzwg A¶q, GKgvÎ ÁvZe¨, Zzwg GB we‡k¦i cig Avkªq|

myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q, mKj wKQyi mªóv Ck¦i, wZwb me©kw³gvb wek¦wbqšÍv| eû †`e‡exi g‡a¨
Zvui cÖKvk NU‡jI, m„wói g‡a¨ weivR Ki‡jI Ck¦i GK Ges AwØZxq|

BDwbU- 2 c„ôv- 16
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

mvivsk m„wói ˆewPΨ I kw³i g‡a¨ mªóvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| m„wói G mKj ¸Y I kw³ Ck¦‡ii ¸Y
I kw³| Ck¦i hLb Zvi †Kvb ¸Y ev kw³‡K AvKvi †`b, ZLb Zv‡K †`eZv e‡j| †`eZviv
Ck¦i bb, Zvuiv Ck¦‡ii ¸Y ev kw³i cÖKvk Ges †`eZv eû n‡jI Ck¦i eû bb, Ck¦i GK I
AwØZxq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 2.2

A) eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (
) wPý w`b|

1. GK I AwØZxq mªóv‡K wK ejv nq?

K. Ck¦i L. †`eZv
M. cÖfz N. gnv‡`e|

2. ÔG‡Kvnng&Õ K_vwU †Kvb ag©MÖ‡š’ ejv n‡q‡Q?

K. FM&‡e` -G L. K‡Vvcwbl‡`
M. AwMœcyiv‡Y N. fvMe‡Z|

3. Ck¦i hLb Zvui †Kvb ¸Y I kw³‡K AvKvi †`b, ZLb Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K. eªþv L. wke
M. †`eZv N. kw³ai|

4. ÔG‡Kvns‡mv I fzebm¨vm¨ g‡a¨Õ- GB c„w_ex‡Z GK cigvZœvB bvbv iƒ‡c we`¨gvb|Õ

-Kvb MÖ‡š’ G-K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
K. K‡Vvcwbl` L. †k¦Zvk¦Zi Dcwbl`
M. †Kb Dcwbl` N. cÖkœ Dc wbl`|

5. †`eZviv mš‘ó n‡j †K mš‘ó nb?

K. Fwl L. f³
M. gvbyl N. Ck¦i|

wn›`y ag© c„ôv- 17

wmGW †cÖvMÖvg ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

Av) iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1| cig mªóv Ck¦i Ges Zvui m„wói g‡a¨Kvi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
[cvV- 1 †_‡K wjLyb]
2| ÔcÖK…wZ I cwi‡e‡ki mKj e¯‘ I mKj Rx‡ei g‡a¨ Ck¦i weivR K‡ib|Õ -K_vwU
eywS‡q ejyb|
[cvV- 1 †_‡K wjLyb]
3| Ôm„wó KZ©v GK I AwØZxq|Õ -Av‡jvPbv Øviv K_vwU eywS‡q w`b|
[cvV- 2-Gi welqe¯‘ †`Lyb ]

B) ms‡¶‡c DËi w`b:

(K) cÖK…wZ I cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨Kvi ˆewP‡Î¨i eY©bv w`b|

[cvV- 2 †`Lyb ]
(L) Ck¦i Rxe‡`‡n RxevÍviƒ‡c Ae¯’vb K‡ib| -K_vwU eywS‡q ejyb|
[cvV- 2 †`Lyb ]
(M) Ck¦i I †`eZvi g‡a¨ m¤úK© wK?
[cvV- 2 Gi welqe¯‘ †`Lyb ]
(N) †k¦Zvk¦Zi Dcwbl‡` Ck¦i‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i Fwl Kwe wK e‡j‡Qb?
[cvV- 2 -Gi welqeš‘ †`Lyb ]
(O) K‡Vcwbl‡`i Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© wK ejv n‡q‡Q?
[cvV- 2 †`Lyb ]

DËigvjv

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 2.1

1. M; 2. N; 3. M; 4. L; 5. M

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 2.2

1. K; 2. K; 3. M; 4. L; 5. N

BDwbU- 2 c„ôv- 18