Nursing Informatics Administrative Applications Rapid Prototyping or Rapid Application Development
System Development Life Cycle
• Used to make important and appropriate organizational
decision for technology adoption
• The process of developing systems
• Is a way to deliver efficient and effective information Traits
systems that fit with the strategic organizational plan • Fast development through prototyping and user testing
• Advantage is the speed with which the system can be
developed
Waterfall Method • Disadvantage is the fast pace there will be inadequate
testing to be completed
Dynamic System Development Method
Traits
• One of the oldest methods
• Sequential process Traits
• Gradual progress • Highly iterative and incremental approach
• Encounters difficulty when there are changes • High level of user input and involvement
• Suitable for small to medium projects • Three Phases:
1) Pre-project;
2) Project Life Cycle;
3) Post-project
to enhance the overall outcomes for patients with chronic
Open Source Software and Free/Open Source Software illness
• Freedom of users to implement, modify, apply, -beneficial for patients with a high cost of care and
reconstruct and restructure the rich libraries of open complex health needs, such as the elderly and patients
source codes available from proven, well-tested with chronic disease condition
products
• Advantages: Cost, Freedom, Collaboration, Flexibility B. Communication Systems
• Disadvantages: Support, Security, Compatibility -promote interaction among healthcare providers and
between providers and patients
Healthcare Administrative Information System -enhance the flow of communication within an
• Collect, process, and distribute patient-centered data to organization and promote an exchange of information to
aid in managing and providing care care better for patients
• Functions and provides information to clinicians and
administrators C. Core Business Systems
-enhance administrative tasks within healthcare
• Interoperability organizations
• Ability to share information (patient data) across -provide the framework of reimbursement, support of best
organizations practices, quality control and resource allocation
• A key component to coordinated, patient-centered -Four common business systems:
care 1. Admission, Discharge, & Transfer (ADT) – care
• Is driven by the need to “achieve nationwide coordination
interoperability to enable learning health system, with 2. Financial Systems – manage expense and revenue
the person at the center of the system that 3. Acuity Systems – monitor patient population/type
continuously improve care, public health, and science 4. Scheduling Systems – staff, services, equipment
through real-time data access” (ONC, 2015, p. vii) allocation
D. Order Entry Systems
Types of Healthcare Organization Information System -automates the way that orders have traditionally been
initiated for patients
A. Case Management Information Systems -provide major safeguards by ensuring that physician
-identify resources, patterns, and variances in care to orders are legible and complete to achieve a level of
prevent costly complications related to chronic conditions patient safety
-computerized physician order entry systems
Electronic Security
E. Patient Care Support Systems - Secures network information
-focus on collecting data and disseminating information • Network – linked computers - may create possibility of
related to direct care breached and exposed information to unauthorized use
-Four systems most commonly used:
1. Clinical Documentation Systems Three main areas of Secure Network Information:
2. Pharmacy Information Systems 1. Confidentiality – information handling
3. Laboratory Information Systems 2. Availability – information accessibility
4. Radiology Information Systems 3. Integrity – information accuracy and genuineness
Authentication of Users
Aggregating Patient and Organizational Data -used in organizations in their security policies
Most common ways to authenticate users rely on
something…
1. the user knows – passwords
Holistic
View of
the
Patient
• Many healthcare organizations now aggregate data in
a data warehouse for the purpose of mining the data to
discover new relationships and build organizational
knowledge.
• Database – structured or organized collection of data
that is typically the main component of an IS
• Data Warehouse/repository – stores all of an
organization’s data and makes those data available for
data mining.
• Downloading files from the internet - most common way
2. the user has - ID Badge, RFID viruses and other malicious codes enter a computer
network
• Cookies -> Spy cookies
Security Tools
• Wide range of tools that aids to protect the
organizational network and information
• Includes cybersecurity software such as Antivirus
technology, firewalls and data encryption used in
healthcare
3. the user is - Biometrics • Includes cybersecurity hardware such as proxy servers
Threats to Security
• Hackers
• Malicious codes (spyware, adware, ransomware, viruses,
worms and Trojan Horses)
• Malicious Insiders
References
Brook, C. (2024, August 26). Understanding data security
tools, their capabilities, and why they are important.
Digital Guardian. Retrieved from
https://www.digitalguardian.com/blog/understandi
ng-data-security-tools-their-capabilities-and-why-
they-are-important
Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society
(HIMSS). (n.d.). Interoperability in healthcare.
Retrieved from
https://legacy.himss.org/resources/interoperability-
healthcare
Karopka, T., Schmuhl, H., & Demski, H. (2014). Free/libre
open source software in health care: A review.
Healthcare Informatics Research, 20(1), 11–22.
https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2014.20.1.11
McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2022). Nursing informatics
and the foundation of knowledge (5th ed.). Jones &
Bartlett Learning.
Saba, V. K., & McCormick, K. A. (2015). Essentials of nursing
informatics (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Stair, R., & Reynolds, G. (Year). Principles of information
systems (12th ed.). Cengage.
