A_¥VJw{Q>H$m

(Mm§JXod nmgï>r … ^md g§dmX)

boIH$
àmMm`© S>m°. A{Zb ghò~wÕo

àH$meH$
M°[aQ>o~b Q´>ñQ>, Ah_XZJa
_hmamï´>, ^maV
àH$meZ _§M
A_¥VJw{Q>H$m
(Mm§JXod nmgï>r … ^md g§dmX)
AMRITGUTIKA
(Changdev Pasashti : Bhav Sanvad)

boIH$ … àmMm`© S>m°. A{Zb ghò~wÕo

gd© h¸$ ñdmYrZ … gm¡. Cfm A{Zb ghò~wÕo

_mo. 9850731640

àH$meH$ … AmZ§XmoËgd àH$meZ _§M

AmZ§XmoËgd M°[aQ>o~b Q´>ñQ>
"AmB©', g_W©ZJa, lram_Mm¡H$,
nmB©nbmB©Z amoS>, Ah_XZJa 414003 A{Zb ghò~wÕo {b{IV "AJñË`' H$mX§~arMo àH$meZ H$aVmZm
XÿaÜdZr … (0241) 2424167 na_ nyOZr` ñdm_r lr JmoqdXXod {Jar _hmamO
M. 9881500942
Web- www.anilsahasrabuddhe.in
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àW_ Amd¥Îmr … OmZodmar 2021

Q>mB©ngoQ>tJ
Hw$bH$Uu Q>mB©ngoQ>g©, lrnmX Hw$bH$Uu, Ah_XZJa na_ nyOZr` ñdm_r lr JmoqdXXod {Jar _hmamO
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`m§Mo MaUr...
_wÐH$ … _iJ§Jm Am°\$goQ>, Ah_XZJa
_wIn¥ð>$ … {damO {~‚mm, Ah_XZJa

_yë` … 125/-

{deof {ZdoXZ … "AmZ§XmoËgd'àH$meZ _§M Ho$di, àH$meZmW© _§M, {dZm_yë` godm

CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVmo. J«§W{Z{_©Vr, {dVaU, Am`ì`` `mer AmZ§XmoËgd M°[aQ>o~b Q´>ñQ>Mm
H$moUVmhr, H$moUË`mhr àH$mao g§~§Y Zmhr.
J«§W{Z{_©VrMm g§nyU© IM© gm¡. Cfm ghò~wÕo `m§Zr Ho$bm AgyZ, Ë`mVyZ {_iUmao CËnÞ
godm^mdr Q´>ñQ>Zm XoÊ`mMm g§H$ën Ho$bm Amho.
`m nwñVH$mVrb _Vm§er àH$meZ _§M gh_V AgobM Ago Zmhr. A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 3
 A_¥VJw{Q>H$m g§dmX-Ûma
(Mm§JXod nmgï>r … ^md g§dmX)
gX²Jwê$ lr {Zd¥{ÎmZmW, _mD$br lr kmZXod, g§V gmonmZXod Am{U
_mD$br g§V _wº$mB©; hr Mma ^md§S>o, åhUOo, _amR>r{M`o ZJar àJQ>bobr,
AZwH«$_{UH$m gV²-{MX²-AmZ§X-ñdê$nmMr kmZ_`r A_¥Vbrbm! ^ybmoH$sbm KS>bobo,
H¡$dë`VoOmMo _hmZw^dZ! AZ§V AdH$membm, eãX~«÷mV H$diUmè`m n¡gmÀ`m
1. kmZdoY 07 Im§~mMr, A{Zdma AmZ§X gmD$br. _mD$btÀ`m _wImVyZ àH$Q>bobo Jwø,
A_¥Vdm{hZr hmoD$Z; MamMambm, g§OrdH$nUo, eãXZmX~«÷mVyZ A_¥VmZw^d
2. Mm§JmdQ>œo ê$ 14 g§doÚ H$arV; AZ§VnUo AmoKdVo Amho.
3. Mm§JXod nmgï>r 33 OJX²Jwê$ `moJoœa lrH¥$îUm§Zr, Cn{ZfXê$nr Jmo_mVm§Mo XmohZ H$ê$Z;
4. Jw{Q>H$m§_¥V 77 _m`mg§J«m_g_`r; _hmdra AOw©Zmbm {Zdo{XV Ho$bobo `moJ-Jwø-A_¥V;
_mD$br kmZmo~mam`m§Zr; gX²Jêw $ {Zd¥{ÎmZmW H¥$noZ;o lmoVg¥ d§ mX gmYV, _m`~mobr
5. lr Mm§JXodm§Mo {ZdS>H$ A^§J 85
_amR>rVyZ, gdmªZm ghO godZ H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr {Xbr. AmË_g§dmXmË_H$VoZo `m
öX`r àH$Q>bobo Ë`m öX`r, {bb`m KmVb|. ^mdmW©Xr{nH$m AWm©V kmZoœar
ê$nmVrb `m g§dmXmZo AdKo {dœ àH$me_mZ Pmbo. Am{XZmW {edm§nmgyZ
ñdg§doÚVoZo òdV Ambobo, AÛ¡Vm_¥V, AmË_g§dmXmË_H$VoZo "A_¥VmZw^d'
ñdê$nmV; lr gX²Jêw $ {Zd¥{ÎmZmW H¥$noZ,o gX²Jêw $ hmoD$Z; kmZgmYH$, kmZ{nnmgy,
gmYH$m§gmR>r à{gÕ Ho$bo. "kmZXod Vy H¡$dë`_²' ho dMZ gmW© H$arV;
Cn{ZfXm§À`m gd©_hmdmŠ`m§Zm gmX KmbrV, gdmªZm AmZ§X S>mohmVrb
AmZ§XVa§JmV, AmZ§XñZmV Ho$bo. h[anmR>, A^§Jmdbr, ê$nHo$ `m§À`m N>§XmV
OZVmOZmX©Zmbm, AmZ§X Xrnmdbr KS>{dbr. MamMambm "gV²-{MX-AmZ§X'
gwImV, OrdZ_wº$ hmoVm `mdo åhUyZ "ngm`XmZ' _m{JVbo.

4 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 5

 gX²Jwê$ na§naoZo MmbV Ambobr, g_mYr`moJ, Ü`mZ`moJ, amO`moJ,
hQ>`moJ, ñdê$nmVrb IS>Va Aem `moJ_mJm©Mr gmYZm H$aUmè`m§Zm;
^{º$`moJmMr OmoS> XoD$Z; gd©gm_mÝ`m§Zmhr AÛ¡Vmn`ªV KoD$Z OmVm `oB©b;
Aer d{hdmQ> àeñV Ho$br. ^mJdV Y_m©Mm nm`m KmVbm. Zm_r g§Yr MmbyZ
Ambobr {XgVmM; Ad¿`m nmgï> Amoì`m§V AmË_ñdê$n gmYZoMm; A_¥VmZw^d,
Jw{Q>Ho$À`m ñdê$nmV, lr `moJramO Mm§JXod `m§Zm; AmË_gmjmËH$manyd©H$,
_¡Ìg§dmXñdê$nmV, AmË_g§dmX gmYV, lr {Zd¥{ÎmZmW àgmXñdê$nmV, àXmZ
Ho$bm. `moJramO Mm§JXod ho Va Ho$di {Z{_Îm. _m`m~mOmamV, Ah§H$maJ«ñV
hmoD$Z; AmË_ñdê$n hmoÊ`mÀ`m _mJm©da AgyZhr; d§{MV Pmboë`m g_ñV,
A_¥VJw{Q>H$m
gd©gm_mÝ` gmYH$m§Zm; "Mm§JXod nmgï>r'; "A_¥VJw{Q>H$m' ê$nmZo, Amnë`m
{Xì` AmË_g§dmX e¡brV, g§V kmZoœa _mD$btZr AmË_mZw^d àgmX {Xbm.
`m {Xì` KQ>ZoÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo, "Mm§JXod nmgï>r'da ^mdg§dmX H$aÊ`mMm 1. kmZdoY
Am¡ÜXË`nyU© à`ËZ, `m nwñVH$mÀ`m ê$nmZo Ho$bm Amho. AmoKmZo lr `moJramO
Mm§JXodm§À`m {d^y{V_Îdmda, Ë`m§À`m M[aÌmË_H$ _m{hVrda, A^§JaMZm§da, A_¥VmZw^dmVrb AkmZ I§S>Z Am{U kmZ I§S>Zmdarb àdMZmV, lmoVo
àH$me Q>mH$Ê`mMm Aëngm à`ËZ `oWo Ho$bm Amho. Ak Aä`mgH$mZo, {Xì`mZw^yVr KoV hmoVo. _§Ì_w½Y AdñWoV S>mobV AgVm§ZmM, _hmamOm§Zr
Om{UdoÀ`m AdH$memV PonmdÊ`mMo YmS>g H$arV; Ho$boë`m `m "^md g§dmX' n[ahmanyd©H$, Amnë`m dmUrbm {dam_ {Xbm. _mD$br kmZmo~mam`m§Mr AmaVr
ñdê$n Od{iHo$Mm, OmUH$mam§Zr, ñZohmi _m`oÀ`m ^y{_Ho$VyZ, AmñdmX KoÊ`mMm gwê$ Pmbr-
à`ËZ H$amdm, Aer Z_« àmW©Zm.
AmaVr kmZamOm & _hmH¡$dë`VoOm &
···
go{dVr gmYwg§V & _Zw doYbm _mPm &&
AmaVr kmZamOm &&Y«w&&
bmonb| kmZ OJt & {hV ZoUVt H$moUr &
AdVma nm§Sw>a§J & Zm_ R>o{db| kmZr &&1&& AmaVr &&
H$ZH$mM| VmQ> H$at & Cä`m Jmo{nH$m Zmar &
ZmaX Vw§~a hmo & gm_ Jm`Z H$ar &&2&& AmaVr &&
àH$Q> Jwø ~mobo & {dœ ~«÷{M Ho$b| &
am_OZmX©Zt & nm`t _ñVH$ R>o{db| &&3&& AmaVr &&
AmaVr AmQ>monbr. _hmamO {Zdm§V Pmbo. lmoVo nm§Jbo. EH$ ^º$ _mÌ
AOyZ _hmamOm§À`m OdiM KwQ>_iV hmoVm. _hmamOm§Zm AmVm Ë`m ^º$mMr
gd`M Pmbr hmoVr. _hmamOm§Mr godm H$aÊ`mgmR>r, ^º$ JUw gagmd`mMm.

6 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 7

godm Var H$m` Ago? Ë`m {Z{_ÎmmZo JUw hiyM, _hmamOm§Zm àý {dMmam`Mm. A_¥. "OrdÝ_wº$ XemH$WZ', A.9. Amo.35
_hmamOm§Zm hoM hdo Agm`Mo. Vo JUwbm åhUV, ""JUmo~m Vw_À`m àým§Zm hr nyU© kmZ AdñWm {Z_m©U Pmbr H$s, VoWo Xod Am{U ^º$, hr Û¡V AdñWm
CÎmao XoVm§Zm, _bm AmË_mZw^d KS>ë`mMm AmZ§X {_iVmo.'' _hmamOm§À`m `m åhUOo Xod doJim Am{U ^º$ doJim Aer AdñWm, Zm§XV Zmhr. XodM ^º$
åhUÊ`mMm AW© JUwbm H$ibm H$s Zmhr; H$moU OmUo? JUw _mÌ _mohê$Z hmoD$Z OmVmo Am{U ^º$M Xodñdê$n hmoVmo. na_oœamMr, åhUOoM XodmMr
Om`Mm. Ë`mÀ`m S>moù`mV, AmZ§Xmgº$sMr M_H$ {Xgo. _J JUwÀ`m àým§Mo àmár ^º$mbm H$am`Mr AgVoZm; åhUOo ^º$mbm _moj hdm AgVmoZm; Vmo
g_mYmZ H$aÊ`mV, _hmamO Am{U JUwMm {H$VrVar doi {ZKyZ OmV Ago. _moj Ë`mbm `m Xodñdê$n hmoÊ`mZo àmá hmoVmo. ho ~K, Agm ^m§~mdy ZH$mog.
XmoKm§Zmhr H$im`Mo Zmhr. AmOhr VgoM KS>V hmoVo. Xod àmárgmR>r, AmnU ^º$s hm _mJ© AZwgaVmo. ^{º$_mJ©, ho gmYZ AgVoZm;
JUw … _hmamO, _mD$btZr kmZI§S>Z H$aVm§Zm- Xodmn`ªV Om`Mo. Vo gmYZM Xod hmoVo Am{U ^º$hr hmoVo. åhUOo gmYZM
Ed§ kmZmkmZ| XmoÝhr & nmoQ>t gy{Z AhZr & gmÜ` Am{U {gÕVmhr hmoVo. _mD$br åhUVmV, n§Ww åhUOoM _mJ© R>mdmo{M
CX¡bm {MX²JJZt & {MXm{XË`w hm && A_¥.A.8.Amo.19&& Pmbm. R>m`rM Pmbm, åhUOo ^º$ Am{U Xod, ^º$sÀ`m {R>H$mUrM AZw^dmg
`oVmV. Ë`m_wio Vmo ^º$, bmoH$m§À`m Ñï>rZo Oar Xodmnojm doJim {XgV
Ago åhQ>bo. Agbm; Var Vmo Xodñdê$nM åhUOo Xod Am{U ^º$ {_iyZ EH$M Pmbobm
kmZ åhUOo {Xdg Am{U AkmZ åhUOo amÌ; `m Xmohm|Zm nmoQ>mV AgVmo. Aer AdñWm ^{º$gmYZoÀ`m {R>H$mUr CËnÞ hmoVo. AdKo {dœM,
KmbyZ; åhUOo {Xdg Am{U amÌ _mdiyZ Joë`m_wio {MXmH$memV, {MX²gy`m©Mm Amnë`m {R>H$mUr ñdê$nmZo, AWm©V EH$bonUmZo, åhUOoM AÛ¡V ê$nmZo,
CX` hmoVmo; Ago AmnU gm§{JVbo. åhUOo? _r Zmhr g_Obmo. ^º$mbm AZw^dmg `oVo.
_hmamO … JUw, Aao, Ag§ nmhm, {Xdg åhUOo, Amnë`mbm ^mgVmo Vmo JUw … _hmamO, _r EH$ {dMmê$? AmnU amJmdUma Va Zmhr Zm?
àH$me Am{U amÌ åhUOo Amnë`mbm ^mgVmo Vmo A§Yma. ho XmoÝhr CJdVmV _hmamO … JUmo~m, AJXr {Z…e§H$ _ZmZo {dMma, na_mWm©V amJbmo^
Am{U _mdiVmV H$moR>o? `m AZ§V AdH$memVM! {VWo A§Yma Am{U COoS>, ZgVmo. Zmhr amJmdUma Amåhr.
H$mhrM Zmhr. åhUOo AgUo-ZgUo hm ^mgM Zmhr. Aer Vr {Ma§VZ, JUw … _hmamO, AmnU, _bm Oo ^{º$gmYZo { df`r Am{U
{ZIi Aer AdñWm Amho. {Xdg åhUOo gwI Am{U amÌ åhUOo Xþ…I, Ago OrdZ_wº$s{df`r gm§{JVbo; Ë`m§{df`r _mÂ`m _ZmV EH$ e§H$m Amho.
bjmV Ko. øm XmoÝhr Jmoï>r nmoQ>mV KoÊ`mMr AdñWm hr Iar emœV, {ZIi _hmamO … H$moUVr?
AdñWm AgVo. `mbmM "gV²-{MX²-AmZ§X' qH$dm {Xì` àH$me AdñWm JUw … _hmamO, AmnU EdT>r ^º$s H$aVm, A_¥VmZw^d `m J«§Wmda
åhUVmV. hrM {ZIi AmZ§X pñWVr. `mbmM "Ord_wº$ Xem' åhUVmV. àdMZ H$aVm. Amåhmbm nS>Umao àý, Amåhmbm `oUmè`m e§H$m§Mo {ZagZ
JUw … _hmamO, OrdZ_wº$ AdñWm, åhUOo Va _¥Ë`y; hmo` Zm? H$aVm? AmnUmbm, Aer OrdZ_wº$ AdñWm àmá Pmbr H$m?
_hmamO … JUmo~m, _¥Ë`y Pmë`mda, AmZ§X ^moJÊ`mMr, gV²-{MX²- JUwZo àýmW©H$ _wÐoZo _hmamOm§H$S>o nm{hbo. _hmamOm§Zm JUw Agm àý
AmZ§X' Aem AZw^Vy rV a§JZy OmÊ`mMr, AdñWm H$er {_iUma? hr OrdZ_wº$ {dMmarb; Ago dmQ>bo ZìhVo. g§VmnmMr EH$ bha _hmamOm§À`m _wÐoda
AdñWm, OrdmÀ`m {R>H$mUrM, åhUOo `m{M Xohr `m{M S>moim, AZw^dVm gigiyZ Jobr. jUmV, Ë`m§Zr ñdV…bm gmdabo. _wÐm àgÞ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ
`oVo. hrM Va nyU© kmZ AdñWm hmo`. Aao, _mD$br åhUVmV, Ho$bm. _hmamO, bJoMM CÎma XoV ZmhrV; ho nmhÿZ JUw JS>~S>bm.
""Pmbm Xodmo{M ^ŠVw & R>mdmo{M Pmbm n§Ww & JUw … _hmamO, _r MwH$bmo, CÕQ>nUo Amnë`mbm àý {dMmabm.
hmoD${Z R>obm EH$m§Vw & {dœ{M h| &&'' _hmamO AmVm Mm§JboM gmdabo hmoVo. JUwÀ`m `m AnamYr ^mdmZo, Vo

8 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 9

ñdV…hr IOrb Pmbo. IiIiyZ hgV, àgÞ, ào_i, _¡Ì ^mdmZo Vo ~moby ""n¢ Aä`mgmMo{Z ~io & EH$m§ J{V A§Vami| &
bmJbo. ì`mK« gn© àm§Oio & Ho$b| EH$s¨ && km.A.12 Amo.110 &&
_hmamO … Aao JUmo~m, Vy Am{U _r AmnU gma»`mM AdñWoV {df H$s¨ Amhmat nS>o & g_wÐt nm`dmQ> OmoS>o &
AmhmoV. _r hr ^º$ Am{U Vy hr ^º$M. AmnU XmoKohr ^º$sÀ`m _mJm©da EH$s¨ dm½~«÷ WmoH$S>| & Aä`mg| H$i| && km.A.12 Amo. 111 &&
_mJ©H«$_Um H$aVmo AmhmoV. _r H$mhr J«§WmdbmoH$Z Ho$bo, _mÂ`m Jwê§$Mr gm§Jr åhUmo{Z Aä`mgm{g H$m§hr & gd©Wm XþîH$a Zmhr &
ñdrH$mabo, BVHo$M. Vy hr VoM H$aVmo Amhog. `mbmqJ _mÂ`m R>m`t & Aä`mg| _ri && km.A.12 Amo.112 &&
JUw … åhUOo _hmamO, _r Zmhr g_Obmo. JUw … nU _hmamO, Agm Aä`mg {H$Vr H$mi H$amdm bmJob? _bm
_hmamO … JUmo~m, ^{º$_mJ© ñdrH$mabm. _mJm©Mm A§{JH$ma Zmhr Vo eŠ` hmoB©b?
Pmbm. _r åhUOo, J«§W dmMbobm, _hmamO, àdMZH$ma, AmMm`©, hm Omo _hmamO … Aao, JUmo~m, VwbmM H$m`? H$moUmbmhr na_oœa àmá H$aUo
_mPm n[aM` Amho; Vmo Hw$R>o gm§S>bm? Vy, JUmo~m, _mPm {eî`, godH$, eŠ` Amho. AQ> EdT>rM Amho. ^º$s hm ñd^md Pmbm nm{hOo. åhUOoM
godoH$ar, hm n[aM` Hw$R>o gm§S>bm? OrdmMm Ah§H$ma gm§Sy>Z, Xodmer AZÝ` ìhm`bm hdo.
JUw … hm n[aM` gm§S>m`Mm åhUOo? _mD$br åhUVmV,
_hmamO … Aao doS>çm, _r H$m` {Z Vy H$m` AOyZ ñdV…À`m n[aM`mVM
Jw§Vbmo AmhmoV. `mbmM OrdmMm Ah§H$ma åhUVmV. Vy àý {dMmê$Z; _mPr, ""Ad{K`m CnMmam & OnÜ`mZ {ZYm©am &
_hmamOm§Mr narjm nmhVmog; Ago dmQy>Z, _r g§Vmnbmo. åhUOo _mPm Ah§H$ma, Zmht AmZ g§gmam & XodmdmMwZr &&''
ZmJmgmaIm \$S>m H$mTy>Z C^m am{hbm. hm Ah§H$ma gm§Sy>Z, ^{º$_mJm©Zo, A_¥. OrdÝ_wº$ Xem H$WZ. Amo.H«$. 40
^º$mZo XodmH$S>o Om`Mo AgVo. ho Hw$R>o KS>Vo? _r àdMZ H$aVmo, åhUOo _r g§gmamMm gJim ì`mn {dgê$Z {ZYm©anyd©H$ XodmMoM ñ_aU H$amdo.
AOyZ _mJ© g_OmdyZ KoVmo`. Am{U Vy àý {dMmaVmo, åhUOo Vy hr _mJ© åhUOo, ^º$mZo Xodmer EdT>o EH${MÎm ìhmdo, EH$ê$n ìhmdo; H$s Vmo na~«÷ñdê$n
g_OmdyZ KoVmog. _mJm©Mm A§{JH$ma Pmbm H$s Xodm {edm` Xþgao H$mhrM hmoD$Z OmB©b. _mD$br dU©Z H$aVmV.
AmR>dVm H$m_m Z`o. `mbmM Ah§H$ma gm§S>Uo åhUVmV. ^º$s H$aVm H$aVm
O¡em AH$mam{X Ajam & ^oQ>Vr nÞmghr _mÌm &
AmnUM ^º$s Pmbo nm{hOo, åhUOo ^º$s hm ñd^md Pmbm nm{hOo. AmnU
V¡g| `m MamMam & Xþga| Zmht & A_¥. J«§Wn[ahma Amo.29 &&
Va \$º$ Ë`m _mJm©Mm {dMmaM H$aVmo AmhmoV. _J VyM gm§J. _r Am{U Xod,
V¡gr V`o B©œat & A§Jwir Zìho{M Xþgar &
EH$ H$gm hmoUma? åhUOo _r OrdZ_wº$ H$gm hmoUma? _r AOyZ nmoQ>^è`m
qH$~hþZm gamo^at & {edogr{M && A_¥. J«.n.Amo.30 &&
_hmamO Amho Ago g_O.
åhUmo{Z kmZXodmo åhUo & AZw^dm_¥V| `oU| &
JUw … _hmamO, AmnU Ago åhUVm _J _mPo H$m`? _r Va H$YrM
gUw ^mo{JOo gU| {dœmMo{Z && A_¥. J«.n.Amo.31 &&
OrdZ_wº$ hmoD$ eH$Uma Zmhr!
_hmamO … Vgo Zmhrao ~m~m, Ah§H$ma gm§Sy>Z XodmMo ñ_aU H$am`Mo gd© Ajao d _mÌm ›H$mamVM {dbrZ hmoVmV. Vgo ho OJ ~«÷ê$nmVM
åhUOo AZÝ` ^º$s H$aÊ`mMm Aä`mg H$am`Mm, `m Aä`mgmZo Amnbm {dbrZ Pmbo Amho. Ë`m_wio na_oœamMo dU©Z H$aVm§Zm na_oœamH$S>oM A§Jwbr
_mJ©hr {gÕ hmoB©b. Aao ^Jd§VmMrM gm§Jr _mD$btZr gm§{JVbr Amho,- åhUOo ~moQ> XmIdmdo bmJVo. Xod XodmgmaImM Amho åhUyZM VmoM gd©H$mhr
Amho. ^º$, Ë`mnmgyZ doJim ZgVmoM. ZmhrM. hm A_¥VmZw^d Aä`mgmZo

10 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 11

Ambm; H$s gUmZoM gU gmOam H$amdm; Vgo ^º$M {dœ hmoD$Z {dœ ^moJy gm§JÊ`mgmR>r "Jw{Q>H$m§_¥V' ñdê$nmV A_¥VmZw^dMr {H$„r, gdmªÀ`m hmVr
eH$Vmo. Xo D $Z, A_¥ V mZw ^ dmMm åhUOo M OrdZ_w º $sMm _mJ© _mo H $im Ho $ bm.
nU, ~aH$m JUmo~m, `m AdñWogmR>r {H$Vr Aä`mg H$amdm bmJob; A_¥VmZw^dMr hr {H$„r åhUOoM _mD$btZr {b{hbobm "Mm§JXodnmgï>r' hm
ho H$mhr gm§JVm `oUma Zmhr. hOmamo df} Aä`mg H$ê$Zhr, Ah§H$maM Jobm J«§W hmo`.
Zmhr; Va Ë`m ^º$mbmhr hm A_¥VmZw^d ^moJVm `oUma Zmhr. Am{U hm ···
Aä`mg, ñd^md Pmbm Va AJXr EH$m jUmVhr A_¥VmZw^d ^moJVm `oB©b.
JUw … _hmamO, OrdÝ_wº$sMm hm A_¥¥VmZw^d KoÊ`mgmR>r, ^º$s hm
EH$M _mJ© Amho H$m?
_hmamO … Aao JUmo~m, ^º$s hm EH$M _mJ© Zmhr. ^Jd§Vm§ZrM
^JdX²JrVo_Ü`o AZoH$ _mJ© gm§{JVbo AmhoV. _mD$btZr Vo kmZoœarV CKS>hr
Ho$bo AmhoV. _mÌ H${b`wJmMo {R>H$mUr Zm_^º$s AWm©V Zd{dYm, n§M{dYm,
AZoH${dYm ^º$s hmM _mJ© Vwbm, _bm Am{U gdmªZm gwb^ Amho. Vy Va
kmZoœarMo nmam`U H$aVmog. åhUOoM AmnU g_OyZ KoVmo AmhmoV. A§JrH¥$V
H$arV Zmhr. åhUyZM hOmamo df} gmYZm H$ê$Zhr A_¥VmZw^d ^moJVm `oV
Zmhr, Ago _r åhUmbmo.
JUw … _hmamO, hOmamo df} Vn H$ê$Zhr Aä`mg nyU© Pmbm Zmhr Va?
_hmamO … åhUyZM, JUmo~m, _mD$btZr Jw{Q>H$m§_¥V V`ma H$ê$Z {Xbo
Amho.
JUw … åhUOo, _hmamO?
_hmamO … JUmo~m, Vwbm EH$ Jmoï> gm§JVmo. lr `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Zr
Mm¡Xmeo df} `moJmä`mg Ho$bm. JwéHw$bmMo ñdm_r Pmbo. _moR>m {eî` n[adma
Ë`m§Zm AZwgê$ bmJbm. {gÕg§àXm` {gÕ Pmbm. hQ>`moJ, amO`moJ, Ü`mZ`moJ
`m _mJm©Zo Ë`m§Zm gd© {gÕr àmá Pmë`m. n§M_hm^yVm§da Ë`m§Zr {dO`
{_i{dbm. EìhT>oM Zìho Va; XodXodVm§er g§dmX H$ê$Z, Ë`m§Zm hdo Ë`m
H$m`m©gmR>r, H$m`m©àdU H$aÊ`mMo gm_Ï`© àmá Pmbo. AmnU {dœmda {dO`
{_i{dë`mMm AmË_{dœmg Ë`m§À`m {R>H$mUr {Z_m©U Pmbm. Var lr kmZXodm§Zr
Ad¿`m n§Yam-gmoimì`m dfu aoS>çm_wIr doX dX{dë`mMo Ë`m§À`m H$mZr Jobo,
V|ìhm Ë`m§Zm _moR>o Hw$Vwhb dmQ>bo. EìhT>çm bhmZ _wbmZo hm M_ËH$ma H$gm
KS>dbm; ho Ë`m§Zr nmhm`Mo R>a{dbo. _mD$br kmZoœam§Zr `moJramO lr
Mm§JXodm§À`m {Z{_ÎmmZo gdmªZm A_¥VmZw^d H$gm Am{U Ho$ìhm àmá hmoB©b; ho

12 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 13

 JS>mdarb amOm h[aü§ÐmMr H$Wm' `mV dU©Z Ho$ë`mà_mUo, ""VoWho r h[aü§Ðœo amMo
{edmb` Amho. `oWyZM àdaoMr ^{JZr _wim ZXrMm CJ_ gm§{JVbm OmVmo.
h[aü§Ð JS>mda àM§S> _moR>çm Jwhm AmhoV. EImÚm JwéHw$bmMr gmo` Agmdr
Vgm hm n[aga Amho. {dœm{_Ìm§Mm {Zdmg `oWo Agmdm Agohr gm§{JVbo
OmVo. Vmam_Vr, amo{hXmgmMo S>m|Ja `oWo AmhoV. _Ü`H$mimV Mm§JXodm§Mo
{ZdmgñWmZ `oWo hmoVo.'' Agm C„oI Ho$bm Amho.
JUmo~m, _r gwÕm Hw$VwhbmZo `m JS>mda Jobmo. VoWo EH$ Zìho XmoZ ^ì`
2. Mm§JmdQ>oœê$ {edmb`o AmhoV. EH$ {eëne¡brMm CÎm_ Z_wZm Amho. Xþgao {edmb`
AX²^yV Amho. EH$m {dñVrU© Eogn¡g Jw§\o$_Ü`o ^ì` Ago {edqbJ Amho. Vo
{edqbJ, bm§~ré§Xr nm{hbr Va gmV-AmR> \w$Q>m§nojmhr bm§~é§X Amho.
JUwMo lr `moJramO Mm§JXod _hmamOm§{df`rMo Hw$Vwhb dmT>bo. _mD$br Jw§\o$VM H$moaboë`m Mma Im§~m§À`m_Ü`o ho {edqbJ åhUOo qnS>r IS>H$mVM
kmZoœam§Zr, aoS>çm_wIr doX dX{dbo; `mMo `m `moJramOm§Zm Hw$Vwhb H$m dmQ>mdo? H$moê$Z; ñd`§^y ñdê$nmV {Z{_©br Amho. Vo Im§~ åhUOo EImÚm _hmH$m`
`moJramO Va gd©k hmoVo Zm? EdT>çm _moR>çm `moJramOm§Zm OrdZ_wº$ AdñWm dQ>d¥jmÀ`m nma§ã`m, nwÝhm O{_ZrV {eaë`mà_mUo AmhoV Va, Vr {n§S>r åhUOo
àmá PmbrM AgUma. Ë`m§Zr Mm¡Xmeo df} Vnü`m© Hw$R>o Ho$br Agmdr? EH$ gmjmV Vmo dQ>dj ¥ Agmdm, Ver AmH$me nobÊ`mgmR>r {gÕ Amho. Aj`dQ>mMr
Zm AZoH$ àým§Mo H$mhÿa, Ë`mÀ`m _ZmV {Z_m©U Pmbo. lr `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Mr H$ënZm _mÂ`m _ZmV Ambr. Ë`mMdoir lr Mm§JXodm§Zm "Mm§JmdQ>oœê$' `m
gd©lwV Agbobr H$Wm, gm§Jmodm§Jr, Ë`mbm _mhrV hmoVr. _hmamOm§À`m {edmb`m_wioM åhUV AgmdoV Ago _ZmV Ambo. H$moU OmUo? dQ>oe ho
_wImZo gmÚ§V H$Wm EoH$mdr; `mgmR>r Vmo AmVwa Pmbm. {ZË`mà_mUo Vmo ~amo~a e§H$am§Mo Zmd VgoM Vo lr Mm§JXod _hmamOm§À`m Jwê§$Mo {nË`mMo XoIrb Zmd
_hmamOm§Odi Ambm. Agmdo. `m {edmb`mV EImÚm hQ>`mo½`mÀ`m M_ËH$mamà_mUo, gX¡d nmUr
JUw … _hmamO, `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Zr Mm¡Xmeo df} Vnü`m© Ho$br, Ago AgVo. bhmZ_moR>çm gdmªÀ`m JwS>¿`mEdT>oM nmUr, gdmªZm AZw^dmbm `oVo,
AmnU gm§{JVboV. åhUOo Ë`m§Mo d` Mm¡Xmeo dfmªMo hmoVo? EdT>r Vnü`m© Aer {edamÌrMr Am»`m{`H$m `oWo _m¡{IH$ na§naoZo Amho. _r {edqnS>rer
Ë`m§Zr Hw$R>o Hw$R>o Ho$br? Jobmo. _bm _mÌ Mm§Jbo _m§S>rn`ªV nmUr bmJbo. h[aü§Ð JS>mdê$Z naV
_hmamO … JUmo~m, F$fr, _wZr, Vnñdr, `moJr, ZmW, {gÕ Am{U `oB©n`ªV `moJramO Mm§JmdQ>oœam§Mo JwéHw$b `oWo Agmdo Ago _ZmV KmoiV hmoVo.
nwamUmVrb amOo, `m§À`m Vnü`}À`m H$Wm AmnU dmMVmo. lr `moJramO S>m°. ghò~wÕo `m§À`m {dYmZmbm XþOmoam XoUmao g§emoYZ, `mM "àdam Imoao'
Mm§JXod, ho hr AgoM _hmZ `moJr hmoVo. Ë`m§Mm Am{U _mD$btMm g§~§Y J°Po{Q>`a_Ü`o, àH$aU 3 _Ü`o, "gm§ñH¥${VH$ OrdZ' `m A§VJ©V S>m°. AéUm
Ambm. Ë`m§Zr g§V _wº$m~mBªMo {eî`Ëd ñdrH$mabo. ho AmnUm gdmªZm R>mdyH$ T>oao `m§Zr Zm|X{dbo Amho. Ë`mVrb "àdamH$mR>À`m g§ñH¥$VrMm _mZX§S> …
Amho. Ë`m§À`m{df`rMr \$maer _m{hVr CnbãY Zmhr. na§Vw gm{hË`, g§ñH¥$Vr h[aü§Ð' `m _Wù`mImbr _m{hVr Zm|X{dbr Amho. Ë`mVrb `moJramO
Am{U B{Vhmg g§emoYH$m§Zr Ë`m§À`m{df`r H$mhr _m{hVr {_i{dbr Amho. Mm§JXodm§{df`rMo C„oI A§e Ago ""h[aü§Ðœo a boÊ`mÀ`m àm§JUmV h[aü§Ðœo amMo
_hmamï´> emgZmZo, _hmamï´> amÁ` J°Po{Q>`a, A§VJ©V "àdam Imoao' Ago J°Po{Q>`a gw§Xa _§{Xa Amho. àdoeÛmamg_moa _iJ§JoMm Mm§JXodm§Zr {OMm _§JbJ§Jm Agm
à{gÕ Ho$bo Amho. Ë`mV S>m°. A{Zb ghò~wÕo `m§Zr, "gm§ñH¥${VH$ OrdZ' {ZX}e, "VÎdgma' J«§WmV Ho$bm Amho, Ë`m ZXrMm àdmh Amho. Ë`mÀ`m EH$m
{d^mJmV "dÝ` g§ñH¥$Vr' `m boImV, gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmagm gm§JVmZm, "h[aü§Ð ~mOybm EH$ OwZo {ed_§{Xa Am{U H$merVrW© ZmdmMo Hw§$S> Amho. Va Xþgè`m

14 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 15

~mOybm Mm¡Xm Xodim§_Ü`o, Mm¡Xm {dîUy_yVu Agbobo gd©VrW© Amho. JS>mda amOmMm `m XþJm©er g§~§Y AgbmM Va ghmì`m eVH$mÀ`mhr nydunmgyZ
AZoH$ dmñVy§Mo, _yVuMo Am{U _§{Xam§Mo Adeof gd©Ì {dIwabobo AmhoV.'' h[aü§ÐJS> ho EH$ à»`mV {gÕ nrR> hmoVo. g§nyU© ^maVmV Vo »`mVH$sV© hmoVo.
""JS>mdaÀ`m H$moard boIm§Mm Aä`mg S>m°. {d. {^. H$mobVo Am{U S>m°. am. gmYH$ Am{U lÕmd§V {VWo h[aham§Mo EoŠ` AZw^dV hmoVo. `moJr Am{U
qM. T>oao `m§gma»`m H$mhr {dÛmZm§Zr Ho$bm Amho Am{U Ë`mVyZ h[aü§ÐJS>mMo Y_m}nmgH$ {VWo dmñVì`mbm `oV hmoVo. emº$ Vm§{ÌH$m§Mohr Vo EH$ _moR>o
gm§ñH¥${VH$ _hÎd COoS>mV Ambo Amho. {deofV… "MH«$nmUr' `m J«§WmV S>m°. e{º$ñWmZ hmoVo Am{U M§ÐM§{ÐHo$à_mUo {VWo {ed-eº$sMo gm_añ` AZw^dmbm
am. qM. T>oao `m§Zr `m JS>mMo àmMrZ _hmËå` nwamì`m§À`m ~¡R>H$sda nwZa©{MV `oV hmoVo.''
Ho$bo Amho. Ë`m§À`m {ddoMZmZwgma Xhmì`m eVH$mnydunmgyZM `m JS>mMr JUmo~m, `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Zr Mm¡Xmeo df} Vnü`m© Ho$br. _moR>m
»`mVr H$odi _hmamï´>mV Zìho Va ^maVmV gd©Xÿa ngabr hmoVr.'' ""^maVmVë`m {eî`n[adma Ë`m§À`m ^modVr hmoVm. ho H$moR>o KS>bo Agmdo, Agm Vy àý
gd© à_wI ñWmZm§Mr {ed_§{Xao àm{V{Z{YH$ ê$nmV H$merV AmhoV. "H$merI§S>mV' {dMmabmg åhUyZ Vwbm hr gd© g§emo{YV _m{hVr gm§{JVbr. _r h[aü§ÐJS>mMo
ñnï> C„o I hr Amho H$s, H$merZJarV Zo n mihÿ Z new n Vr Ambm, Xe©Z KoD$Z Amë`mnmgyZ _mÂ`m _ZmV `moJramO Mm§JXodm§À`m Kmoa Vnü`}{df`r
H$m`mdamohUmdê$Z ZHw$brœa Ambm, Vgm h[aü§ÐJS>mdê$Z e§H$a Ambm.'' gmaIm hmM AZw_mZ {dMma `oV hmoVm. ^maVdfm©V Am{U {deofV… H$merVrWm©Mo
""øm {edñWmZmV {edm~amo~a eº$shr Zm§XV hmoVr. ""gømÐmdoH$dram Vw {R>H$mUrhr àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ {gÕnrR> Am{U eº$snrR> åhUyZ à{gÕ
h[aü§Ðo Vy M§{ÐH$m'' Agm `m M§{ÐHo$Mm C„oI "_Ëñ`nwamUm'V AmT>iVmo. Agboë`m, h[aü§ÐJS>mMr {ZdS> `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Zr Amnë`m, Vnmo^y_r
eº$sÀ`m EH$eoAmR> ñWmZm§_Ü`o `m JS>mMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. "nX²_nwamU', Am{U JwéHw$bmgmR>r Ho$br AgUma. _mD$btÀ`m M[aÌmV C„o{Iboë`m gd©
"ñH§$XnwamU', "Xodr^mJdV' `m J«§Wm§Zrhr {VMm g_mdoe e{º$ñWmZm§_Ü`o ñWim§Zm ghO Odi Ago ho {gÕnrR> Amho. _mD$btÀ`m ~mbd`mVrb
Ho$bm Amho.'' ""_hm_hmonmÜ`m` dm. {d. {_ametZr Zm{eH$ {OëømV Am§OZoar M_ËH$mam§H$S>o `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Mo bj Ë`m_wioM Jobo Agmdo. gø{JarÀ`m
`oWo {_imboë`m EH$m Vm_«nQ>mÀ`m AmYmao h[aü§Ð ZmdmÀ`m amOm_wio `m {eIaam§Jm§Vrb Vnü`}bm, `moJmä`mgmbm, A{Ve` aå`, n{dÌ Ago ho ñWmZ
JS>mbm h[aü§ÐJS> Ago Zmd {_imbo Agë`mMo AZw_mZ Ho$bo Amho. bmoH$lÕm, Amho. h[aü§Ð Am»`mZm_wio, amO`moJr {dœm{_Ìm§Mo {gÕnrR> åhUyZhr
nwamUà{gÕ amOm h[aü§ÐmMm g§~§Y `m JS>mer _mZV Ambo AmhoV. Va S>m°. h[aü§ÐJS>mbm _mÝ`Vm Agmdr. Mm§JXodm§Zr Amnë`m `moJ{gÕrgmR>r ho ñWi
am. qM. T>oao `m§Mo EH$ g§^dZr` AZw_mZ Ago Amho H$s, har Am{U ha `m§Mo {ZdS>bo Agmdo. S>m°. T>oao `m§À`m "MH«$nmUr' J«§WmVrb MM}à_mUo; _mD$br
ho EH${ÌV ñWmZ AgUo eŠ` Amho. "X{jUà`mJ_hmËå`' Am{U Mm§JXodm§À`m kmZoœam§Zrhr `moJr Mm§JXodm§À`m "MH«$nmUr' `m ZmdmMm C„oI Mm§JXod nmgï>rVrb
"VÎdgma' J«W§ mÀ`m AmYmao har, ha Am{U M§{ÐH$m eº$s, `m§À`m EH$garH$aUmMo ~mgï>mì`m AmodrV Ho$bm Amho.
àVrH$ `m JS>mda Am{U JS>mÀ`m ZmdmV gm_mdbo Agë`mMo Vo (S>m°. T>oao) JUw … _hmamO AmnU gm§{JVbobr {Xì` _m{hVr EoHy$Z; _bm EH$m
åhUVmV (h[a-M§{ÐH$m-B©œa)- ""JS>mda gmnS>boë`m H$moard boIm§_Ü`o _hm{gÕnrR>mMo eº$snrR>mMo {Xì` Xe©Z KS>bo. AmnU åhUVm Vgo `moJramO
`moJr Mm§JXodm§Mm C„oI Amho. Vo Amnë`m {eî`m§gh h[aü§ÐJS>mda H$mhr Mm§JXodm§Mo JwéHw$b, {Zdmg Am{U Vnmo^y_r `oWoM Agmdr, `mV _bm Oamhr
H$mi dmñVì`mbm hmoVo. "VÎdgma' ZmdmMm J«§W Ë`m§Zr (Mm§JXodm§Zr) {VWoM e§H$m dmQ>V Zmhr. na§Vw _hmamO `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Mr g_mYrñWmZo {Za{Zamù`m
{bhÿZ nyU© Ho$bm. J«§WmVhr Ver Zm|X Ë`m§Zr (Mm§JXodm§Zr) Ho$br Amho.'' S>m°. {R>H$mUr XmI{dbr OmVmV Ë`m§Mo H$m`?
am. qM. T>oao `m§À`m {ddoMZmZwgma S>m°. AéUm T>oao Ago AZw_mZ H$mT>VmV, _hmamO … JUmo~m, VwPo åhUUo Iao Amho. nU hr Jmoï> gd©M F$fr,
""`mMm AW© Agm H$s, gw_mao AmR>eo Vo hOma dfmªnydr qH$dm H$Xm{MV `moJr, {gÕ, _wZr, gmYy `m§À`m g§~§YmZo nmhm`bm {_iVo. g§emoYH$ Ë`mMr
_hm_hmonmÜ`m` dm. {d. {_amer åhUVmV, Vgm h[aü§Ð `m Eo{Vhm{gH$ MMm©hr H$aVmV. Mm§JmdQ>oœamMo M[aÌ {b{hÊ`mMm à`ËZ Pmbm Amho. "lr

16 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 17

gH$bg§VJmWm' `m J«§WmMo g§nmXH$ àm.S>m°. a. am. Jmogmdr `m§Zr, "Mm§JXod Mm§JXodm§Mr emIm "dQ>oœa g§àXm`' åhUyZ AmoiIbr OmD$ bmJbr.''
VWm Mm§JmdQ>oœa' M[aÌ _m§S>Ê`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm. Ë`mVrb _hÎdmMo A§e JUw … _hmamO, `m gJù`m M[aÌH$Wm gm§Jmodm§JrÀ`mM {XgVmV.
gm§Jm`Mo Va Vo Ago, ""(Mm§JXod) ho EH$ Wmoa `moJrnwéf, ZmW gm§àXm{`H$ Ë`m§À`m OÝ_mMr H$Wm _mD$btÀ`m Am{U {Zd¥{ÎmZmW, gmonmZ Am{U
Agbo Var d¡îUdm§À`m _oimì`mV Ë`m§Mm g_mdoe Pmë`mnmgyZ Ë`m§Zm ^JdX²^º$ _wº$m~mBªÀ`m H$Woer OwiUmar Amho. nU Mm§JXodm§Mm Mm§JmdQ>oœa hm C„oI
åhUyZhr AmoiIbo OmD$ bmJbo. Ë`m§Zr Mm¡Xmeo df} Vnü`m© Ho$br Aer H$m, ho Zmhr H$iV?
nma§n[aH$ YmaUm Amho. Ë`m§Mo `moJgm_Ï`© {dbjU hmoVo. åhUyZM gX²Jwê$ _hmamO … hmo, hmo AYra ZH$mo hmoD$g. JUmo~m _r gwédmVrbmM,
^oQ>on`ªV Ë`m§Zr d`ñV§^Z Ho$bo hmoVo. Ë`m§Mo ImÌrbm`H$ M[aÌ CnbãY ImÌrbm`H$ _m{hVr Zmhr; ho S>m°. Jmogmdrgmho~m§Mo _V gm§{JVbo Zm;
Zmhr.'' ""Ë`m§À`m M[aÌmVrb H$mhr WmoS>çm KQ>Zm kmV Pmë`m AmhoV Ë`m Ë`m§ZrM dQ>oœam§{df`r g§emoYH$m§Zr KoVbobm nam_e© _m§S>bm Amho. S>m°. a. am.
Aem … Vmnr n`moîUr Vramda Mm§JXod øm Jmdr Vo àW_ bmoH$m§À`m ZOaog Jmogmdr {b{hVmV, ""hr dQ>oœa ì`º$s H$moU; `m{df`r _V^oX AmhoV. dQ>oœa
nS>bo. Mm§JXodnwar `m JmdmZ{OH$ Agboë`m dZmV, Vo M_©Mjy AYm}Ý_r{bV åhUOo Mm§JXodm§À`m A§V`m©_r àH$meUmao B©œaê$n. _wº$mB©Zo {dlm§Vr dQ>mImbr
R>odyZ JmT> Vnü`m© H$ê$Z `moJr nwéf Pmbo hmoVo. Mm§JXod ho Ë`m§Mo Zmd Ë`m§À`m Mm§JXod nmgï>rMm AW© Mm§JXodmg g_OmdyZ gm§{JVbm, åhUOoM dQ>mImbr
Mm§Jë`m ê$nmdê$Z nS>bo, Ago gm§JVmV. `moJgm_Ï`m©_wio Ë`m§Zm AZoH$ {gÕr ñdV…À`m B©œaê$nmer Mm§JXod EH$ê$n Pmbo, åhUyZ dQ>oe Mm§Jm Ago ho
àmá Pmë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m§Mm {eî`n[admahr dmTy> bmJbm. ho gd© hmoD$Zhr ñdV…bm åhUdyZ KoD$ bmJbo AgVrb, Ago EH$ _V VÎdgma J«§WmMo
Ë`m§Zm Jwê$~moY Pmbm ZìhVm.'' g§nmXH$ S>m°. h. am. {XdoH$a ì`º$ H$aVmV, Va Mm§JXod M[aÌmÀ`m g§X^m©V
""Mm§JXodm§À`m OÝ_m{df`r EH$ {_ÏWH$Wm gm§{JVbr OmVo. ñdJu Var dQ>oœa ho {edmMoM Zmd Amho Ago _V am. qM. T>oao ì`º$ H$aVmV.
B§ÐmMm EH$ _éX²JU hmoVm. Ë`mÀ`mda gd© H$m`©^ma gmondbm hmoVm. EH$Xm Ë`m§À`m (am. qM. T>oao) _Vo dQ>oœa ho Ë`m§Mo Cnmñ`X¡dV hmoVo. Mm§JXodm§Zr
B§ÐmMr Amkm Ë`mbm ZrQ> EoH$m`bm Ambr Zmhr. Ë`m_wio B§Ðmbm amJ `oD$Z, Mm§JXodnwar `oWo dQ>oœam§Mr CnmgZm Ho$br hmoVr. ho dQ>oœamMo ñWmZ ImZXoemV
"VwPm AY…nmV Pmbm Amho. Vy _¥Ë`wbmoH$s _Zwî``moZrV OÝ_mbm `oerb' Vmnr n`moîUr g§J_mda AmOhr nmhmd`mg {_iVo. ømM Jmdr Ë`m§Mr g_mYr
Agm emn {Xbm. _éX²JUmZo Ë`m§Mr bmKdr ^mfoV ñVwVr Ho$br Am{U C…emn AgyZ VoWo _mKmV Mm§JXodm§Mr à{Vdfu `mÌmhr ^aV AgVo. gmgdS> ({O.
Úm`bm àd¥Îm Ho$bo. B§ÐmZo X`merb hmoD$Z, C…emn {Xbm, "ho _éX²JUm, nwUo) `oWohr dQ>oœamMo EH$ ^ì` {ed_§{Xa Amho. dQ>oœa `m ZmdmZo AZoH$
OJmMm CÕma H$aÊ`mgmR>r ~«÷m, {dîUy Am{U ha H${b`wJmV AdVma {edñWmZo gmnS>VmV. Mm§JXodm§Zr dQ>oœamda aMbobr AmaVr Ü`mZmV KoVm
KoVrb. `moJ_m`m Am{Xeº$s _wº$m~mB©À`m ê$nmZo AdVma KoB©b, _hm{dîUy dQ>oœa ho Mm§JXodm§Mo Jwê$ ZgyZ Cnmñ` X¡dV hmoVo, ho gË` Ü`mZmV `oVo. `m
kmZXodm§À`m ê$nmZ§, _¥S>m{ZnVr Am{X{ed {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§À`m ê$nmZ§, ~«÷m AmaVrÀ`m _hÎdmÀ`m Amoir nwT>rbà_mUo AmhoV- Vmnr Vrar Xod àH$Q>
gmonmZXodm§À`m ê$nmZ§ AdVma KoVrb. Vy n¥Ïdrda OÝ_ KoD$Z AZÝ`^mdmZ§ Ombm... & àJQ>br _yVu AmZ§X Ombm &&1&& O` O` AmaVr O` dQ>oœam &
Ë`m§Zm eaU Omerb. Ë`m§À`m H¥$noZ§ `m {dœmV na~«÷ ì`mnyZ am{hë`mMm {ZamH$ma gmH$ma Vy§Mr e§H$am && gX²^md| AmaVr VwO namËnam & ^º$ Vmamd`m
Vwbm gmjmËH$ma hmoB©b'. _éX²JUmZ§ B§Ðmbm Z_ñH$ma Ho$bm, VodT>çmV EH$ H$nwa© Jm¡am &&Y«&w & AmaVrÀ`m eodQ>r ""_wº$mB© n«gmXo Mm§JmdQ>œo at & EoŠ` AmodmirV
X¡Xrß`_mZ _yVu Imbr n¥Ïdrda AdVê$ bmJbr.'' ""_wº$mB© hr Mm§JXodm§Mr AmaVr Mm§½`m bj bj'' hr AmaVr Amnë`m gX²Jwê§$À`m Zmdo Mm§Jm_wYmoOtZr
Jwê$ Agë`mMm C„oI Mm§JXodm§À`m "VÎdgma' `m J«§WmV `oVmo. Ë`m§À`m aMbr Agmdr ho hr AeŠ` Zmhr. Mm§JXodm§À`m A^§Jg§J«hmV AmaVr Zmhr.
A^§Jm§Vhr AgmM C„oI Amho. Ë`mdê$Z Ë`m§Mr Jwéna§nam Am{XZmW- JUw … hm _hmamO, AmVm Mm§JXodm§Mr g§JVr bmJbr. Mm§JXod ho dQ>oœa
_Ëñ`oÝÐZmW-J{hZrZmW-{Zd¥{ÎmZmW-_wº$m~mB©-Mm§JmdQ>oœa Aer R>aVo. _hmXodm§Mo ^º$ Am{U _wº$mB©Mo {eî`. Vmnr VramdaÀ`m JmdmV dQ>oœa,

18 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 19

Mm§JXod Am{U _wº$mB©{eî` `m VrZhr Jmoï>r ñnï> Pmë`m. g_mYreH$mer am. qM. T>oao `m§Zr Zm|X{dë`mà_mUo Mm§JmdQ>oœam§Zr "VÎdgma'
_hmamO … JUmo~m, ImÌrbm`H$ _m{hVr {_iV Zgbr H$s EdT>r ghO `m J«§WmMr aMZm eHo$ 1234/gZ 1312 hm eH$ OwiV Zmhr.
g§JVr bmJV Zmhr, Aao, g§Vlr {Zimo~mam` _hmamOm§À`m A^§JJmWoV, S>m°. JUw … åhUOo CbJS>m PmbmM åhUm`Mm. _wº$mB© `mM Mm§JXodm§À`m
Jmogmdr `m§Zr {Zimo~mam`m§Zr Zm|X{dbobo, "Mm§JXodmMo M[aÌ' ZJaOdiÀ`m Jwê$ Am{U Ë`m§Mr g_mYr nwUVm§ã`mbm!
Zmam`US>moh JmdmMm g§X^© XoD$Z; _wYmon§Vm§À`m Mm§JXodmMo M[aÌ gm§JVm§Zm, _hmamO … Aao JUmo~m, `m g§~§YmVhr S>m°. Jmogmdrgmho~m§Zr S>m°. T>oao
Mm§JmdQ>oœamMo M[aÌ åhUyZ C„oI Ho$bm Amho. Vo Mm§Jm_wYmoOtMoM Amho `m§Mo doJioM _V Zm|X{dbo Amho.
åhUmdo; Va Mm§JmdQ>oœam§Mo g§X^©hr `oVmV. JUw … AmVm, `mV H$moUVm Kmoi?
JUw … åhUOo? _hmamO … S>m°. Jmogmdr {b{hVmV, ""am. qM. T>oao `m§À`m _Vo nwUVm§~o
_hmamO … AmVm hoM nmhm. _wº$mB© åhUOo _mD$btMr ~hrU Ago `oWrb Mm§JXodm§Mr g_mYr hr Ë`m§Mo (Mm§JXodm§Mo) à{eî` Mm§Jm_wYoe `m§Mr
AmnU Yê$Z Mmbbmo AmhmoV. nU S>m°. a. am. Jmogmdr `m§Zr, S>m°. am. qM. AgyZ (em_Or _éX²JU … Mm§JXod M[aÌ) Mm§JmdQ>oœam§Zr eHo$ 1234/gZ
T>oao `m§Mo doJio _Vhr Zm|X{dbo Amho. Vo {b{hVmV, ""AmUIr EH$ _hÎdmMo 1312 _Ü`o "VÎdgma' J«§WmMr aMZm H$ê$Z eHo$ 1247/gZ 1335 _mK
g§emoYZ åhUOo S>m.° T>ao o `m§Zr "MH«$nmUr' `m J«W§ mV Mm§JXodm§Zr Jwê$ kmZXod^{JZr _mgr Vmnr-n`moîUr Vramda "Mm§JXod' ({O. OiJmd EXbm~mXhÿZ Mma
_wº$mB© ZgyZ, Jmoaj{eî`m `mo{JZr _wº$mB© Agë`mMo gm§{JVbo Amho. Ë`mZwgma _¡bmda) `m Jmdr g_mYr KoVbr.''
Jwéna§nam Am{XZmW-_Ëñ`oÝÐZmW-JmoajZmW-`mo{JZr _wº$mB©-Mm§JXod Aer JUw … nU _hmamO, Zm_Xodm§Zr Va gdmªÀ`m g_mYrMo àË`j dU©Z
R>aVo. kmZXod^{JZr _wº$mB© d `mo{JZr _wº$mB© `m XmoKr `moJgm_Ï`m©Zo Wmoa Ho$bo Amho. _J Vo H$m` CJmM?
hmoË`m, åhUyZ Ë`m§À`mV EoŠ` _mZyZ Mm§JmdQ>oœam§Zm kmZXod^{JZr _wº$mB©À`m _hmamO … JUmo~m, VwPo åhUUo J«mø _mZVm `oB©b Ago _bmhr dmQ>Vo.
{eî`m _mZbo Ago Ë`m§Mo (S>m°. T>oao) g§emoYZ Amho.'' g§V {Zimo~mam`m§À`m nU JUmo~m, S>m°. a. am. Jmogmdr `m§Zr "Zodmí`mhÿZ hr ^md§S>o Ami§Xrg
Mm§JXod M[aÌm_Ü`o `oVm§Zm nwUVm§~o `oWo Wm§~br' Agm C„oI "gUH$m§S>r' _wº$m~mB© M[aÌ {b{hVm§Zm
""Amamo½` eara Am§Jr {Xì`H$m§Vr & Zm_| {dam{OVr MVwX©e &&17&& Ho$bm Amho. Vmo àdmgmMm _mJ© nmhmVm AmoTy>ZVmUyZ AmUë`mgmaIm dmQ>Vmo.
Mm§JXod Mm§Jm dQ>oœa Mm§Jm & MH«$nmUr Mm§Jm Mm§Jm{gÕ &&18&& {edm` Vo {b{hVmV, ""_wº$m~mB©Zo Mm§JXodm§Zm Amnb§ ~mi _mZyZ Ë`mbm
{ed`moJrMm§Jm _Ur{gÕ Mm§Jm & AZH$aMm§Jm ZmhþZm_| &&19&& AmË_gwImMr Pmon `mdr åhUyZ EH$ nmiUm åhQ>bm, "{ZJw©UmMo S>hmir
ZmJoe Zm_oMm§Jm _wÜXoe Zm_oMm§Jm & gmè`m{gÕ Mm§Jm {ZIiXmg &&20&& nmiUm bmdrbm & VoWo gwV nhþS>bm _wº$mB©Mm & {ZO {ZO ~mim Z H$ar n¡
qMYmXodr Mm§Jm åhUdr ~wQ>rMm§Jm & Mm¡XmZm_o Mm§Jm dV©_mZm &&21&&'' Amir & CZwhmV Q>mir dmO{dVo && hm nmiUm {ZO~moYmMm hmoVm, ho doJio
(g.g§.Jm.{Z.Jm. S>m°. Jmogmdr, A.H«$. 1554) gm§Jm`bm ZH$mo.'' nmiUm gw§Xa Amho. {ZO~moY H$aUmam Amho nU S>m°.
Jmogmdr `m§Zr gUH$m§S>r _wº$m~mBªÀ`m A^§JJmWoV Vmo g§nm{Xbobm Zmhr ho
JUw … _J, hr g§JVrM H$moS>çmV nS>br. {deof. hm nmiUm S>m°.gmho~m§Zr _wº$m~mB©-Mm§JXod g§dmXmV g§nm{Xbm Amho.
_hmamO … hmo Zm! AmVm Amnbr ^mJdV qH$dm dmaH$ar g§àXm`mVbr (Mm§.A.H«$.8.) Ë`m_wio M[aÌmË_H$ _m{hVrV, JUmo~m, Vy åhUVmog Vgm
_§S>ir Zm_Xodm§À`m A^§JJmWoZwgma Mm§JXodm§Mr g_mYr, nwÊ`ñV§^ (nwUVm§~o) Kmoi hmoVmo. {edm` "VÎdgma' `m J«§WboIZmMm eH$ Mm§Jm _wYoe `m g_mYr
`oWo AgyZ; _mK dÚ Ì`moXer, eHo$ 1218/gZ 1296 amoOr Mm§JmdQ>oœam§Zr eH$mer (1234) OwiVmo. Mm§JmdQ>œo a{eî` Mm§Jm _wYe o `mVrb Zm_gmÑí`m_wio
kmZXod Am{U gmonmZmZ§Va bJoMM g_mYr KoVë`mMo _mZVmV. _mÌ `m hm g§^«_ {Z_m©U Pmbm Agmdm.

20 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 21

 JUw … åhUOo nwUVm§ã`mbm Mm§JmdQ>oœamMr g_mYr Amho ho _mZm`Mo H$s H$WoMo dU©Z Ho$bo Amho. Ë`mVyZ Mm§JXodm§ZrM n«m§OinUo Amnë`m Mm¡Xmeo df}
Zmhr? Ho$boë`m Vnü`}Mo \${bV H$WZ Ho$bo Amho. ho AmË_H$WZmZwgma lr Mm§JXod
_hmamO … ho ~K JUmo~m, Vy _Kmer åhUmbmg Vgo g§V Zm_Xod n{hbo _hmamO, lr kmZoœa _mD$btZm eaU Ambo hmoVo. _wº$m~mBªH$Sy>ZM Ë`m§Zr
g§V M[aÌH$ma R>aVmV. Ë`m§À`m A^§JmÀ`m à_mUmZo Vo _mZmdoM bmJob. AZwJ«h KoVbm Am{U nwUVm§~o `oWoM Vo g_ma§^nyd©H$ g_mYr_¾ Pmbo ho ñnï>
JUmo~m lr Zm_Xodm§Zr "lr Mm§JXod _hmamOm§Mr g_mYr' àg§J A^§JN>§XmV Amho. ho AmË_{ZdoXZ EoH$Ê`mOmoJo Amho.
d{U©bm Amho. ñdV… nm§Sw>a§J, nw§S>{bH$, {Zd¥Îmr, _wº$mB©, Zm_Xod, {dgmo~m ""MdXme| df] eara Ho$bo OVZ & Zmht AkmZnU Job| _mPo &&1&&
IoMa Aer _§S>ir lr kmZXod d gmonmZ `m§À`m g_mYrZ§Va VrW©`mÌm H$arV Ah§H$mao _mPo ~wS>{db| Ka & Pmbm| godm Mmoa ñdm_r g§J| &&2&&
{ZKmbr. J§Jm JmoXmdarMo ñZmZ H$aÊ`mMm _ZmoX` Ho$bm. nm¡f _{hZm H$monaJmd VmnÌ`t Vmnbm| _hmA¾t Oimbm| & A{ddoH$s¨ Pmbm| _§X_Vr &&3&&
~oQ>mda H$Moœam§À`m gm{ÞÜ`mV Kmbdë`mZ§Va _mK à{VnXobm ""Zm_m åhUo H$m` _mPm Xoh dm`m§drU ì`W© & Ambm| eaUmJV nm§Sw>a§Jm &&4&&
Xodm Omdo nwÊ`ñV§^m & _Zmoha OmJm lr {gÕoœa''&& lr Mm§JXod _hmamOm§Mr A{^_mZo Ambm| lr Ab§H$mnwar & AkmZ Ho$b| Xþar _wº$mB©Z| &&5&&
g_mYr g.g§.Jm. lr Zm_Xod _hmamOm§Mr JmWm g§. S>m°. Jmogmdr A.H«$. Zm_m åhUo ^moJ Xþ…ImMo eara & H$m` `mMm Kmoa H$ê${Z`m &&6&&''
1148&& `mà_mUo {gÕoœa Aml_mV _mK nm¡{U©_on`ªV am{hë`mda g.g§.Jm. Zm.Jm. A.H«$. 1152
""{Zd¥{Îm _wº$mB© g§Jo Ambm Mm§Jm & åhUVr nm§Sw>a§Jm CR>m AmVm§ &&3&& Mm§JXodm§À`m g_mYrMm gmohim _mK ew. Xe_rnmgyZ _mK dÚ Ì`moXern`ªV
kmZXodmgmR>t CËgd Ab§H$mnwat & V¡gm H$èhoVrar gmonmZmgr &&4&& gwê$ hmoVm. Ë`mMo dU©Z Zm_Xodm§Zr Ho$bo Amho. Ì`moXer {Xder,
V¡gm Mm§J`mMr nwadmdr Amir & Zm_m dZ_mir CR>mdbo &&5&&''
g.g§.Jm.Zm.JmWm A.H«$. 1149 ""_wº$mB©Zo Mm§Jm KoVbmgo nmoQ>m & CR>m AmVm§ ^oQ>m bhmZWmoa &&1&&
^oQ>bo F$frda d¡îUd gH$it & ~¡gbo Vo nmit g_mYrÀ`m &&2&&''
IaoVa Xe_rÀ`m {XderM àñWmZ R>odbo hmoVo. _§S>n C^mabm hmoVm. g.g§.Jm. Zm.Jm. Mm§.g. A.H«$. 1162
Zm_Xod ñdV… {ZË` H$sV©Z H$arV hmoVo. ñdV… nm§Sw>a§J hm gJim gmohim
KS>drV hmoVo. Mm§JXodm§Zr `Wmgm§J nyOZ Am{U Z_Z Ho$bo. AIoa nwS§ >{bH$m§Zr Mm§JXodm§Mm
hmV Yabm Am{U Mm§JXodmbm g_mYrñWmZr {damO_mZ Ho$bo.
""JmoXmVrat CËgd H$[aVr OJOoR>r & Mm§JXodmgmR>r g_ma§^ &&1&&
{Zd¥{Îm _wº$m~mB© g§Jo n§T>arZmW & Ambo _§S>nmV g_wXm`mgr &&2&& ""Hw§$Hw$_ Ho$eamMo g_mYrgr gS>o & nhmVr {ZdmS>o OZ bmoH$ &&1&&
{Zd¥{Îm nm§Sw>a§J ~¡gbo {ZdmS>o & Mm§JXod nwT>| C^o R>obo &&3&& JmoXmVrar _hmoËgd Mm§JXodm & nyUm© Vy§ {dgmdm§ nm§Sw>a§Jm &&2&&
Omo{S>`obo H$a Mm§JXod nwT>Vr & H$[aVr {dZ§Vr dmog§S>moZr &&4&& g_mYr ^m|dVo C^o gmYwg§V & CVabo Am§V Mm§JXod &&3&&
Zm_m åhUo Xodm C{R>bo A§V…H$aU & Zmhr Xoh^mZ Mm§J`mgr &&5&& {Zd¥{Îm nm§Sw>a§J Jobo g_mJ_| & d¡îUd am_am_ ~mobVmVr &&4&&
g.g§.Jm. Zm.Jm A.H«$. 1151 amhr aIw_m~mB© Cä`m Xmoht ~mht & _Ü`| _wº$m~mB© g§~mo{IVr &&5&&
Zm_m nw§S>{bH$ H$[aVr g_mYmZ & ñWra H$am _Z ~moY ^md| &&6&&''
~a§ H$m, JUmo~m, Mm§JXodm§Mm, nwÊ`ñV§^r g_mYrñV hmoÊ`mMm, g§H$ën g.g§.Jm. Zm.Jm. Mm§.g. A.H«$. 1166
Pmbm hmoVm. Ë`mMo àË`j gmjr Zm_Xod _hmamO AmhoV. Mm§JXod _hmamOm§Zr
ñdV… gdmªg_moa AmË_{ZdoXZ Ho$bo Amho. Zm_Xod _hmamOm§Zr A^§JmVyZ `m JUmo~m, Mm§JXodm§À`m g_mYrZ§Va gd© _§S>ir Zodmembm Ambr. Z§Va

22 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 23

VoWyZ AerM _hmamï´>mVrb nwÊ`ñWio nmhmV Vmnr Vramda Ambr. VoWo Mm§JmdQ>oœam§Mo AZoH$ {eî` hmoVo. Mm¡Xmeo dfmªÀ`m H$mbmdYr_Ü`o AZoH$
_wº$m~mBªMm g_mYr gmohim Pmbm. ""na§naoZwgma eHo$ 1219 (B. 1297) {R>H$mUr àdmg, Ü`mZYmaUm, g_mYr`moJgmYZm KS>br Agob. Ë`m_wioM
À`m d¡emI dÚ 12 bm OiJmd {OëømVrb EXbm~mX VmbwŠ`mnmgyZ VrZ dQ>oœamMr AZoH$ ñWmZo Am{U Mm§JXodm§Mr AZoH$ ñWmZo gm§{JVbr OmV
H$mogm§da d Mm§JXodm§nmgyZ XmoZ _¡bm§da VmnrVrar _hX²J«m_ VWm _ohþU `oWo Vr AgVrb. Mm§JXod _wYmoOtMr g_mYr hrM Mm§JmdQ>oœam§Mr åhUyZ à{gÕ hmoUo
Jwá Pmbr'' Ago S>m°. Jmogmdr `m§Zr Zm|X{dbo Amho. Zm_Xod, lr {dÇ>b, eŠ` Amho. H$maU Mm§Jm_wYmoOr ho Mm§JXodm§Mo g{eî` hmoVo.
nw§S>{bH$ Am{U {Zd¥{ÎmZmW `m§Mo g§dmX Zm_Xodm§Zr doimodoir A^§JmVyZ d{U©bo JUw … åhUOo _hmamO, ^mJdV g§àXm`mV _mÝ`Vm Agbobo ñWmZM
AmhoV. hm H$Xm{MV Zm_Xodm§Mm AmË_g§dmX _mZbm Var; JUmo~m Vy åhUVmog Iao åhUmdo bmJob.
Vgo kmZXod, gmonmZ, Mm§JXod Am{U _wº$m~mB© `m§À`m g_mYràg§Jm§Mo Zm_XodM _hmamO … AJXr ~amo~a.
gmjrXma AmhoV ho Iao Ë`m_wio, nwUVm§~m `oWrb Mm§JXodm§Mr g_mYrM JUw … Am{U Mm¡Xmeo df} `moJgmYZm H$aÊ`mMo ñWmZ Am{U JwéHw$b
gd©_mÝ` åhUmdr bmJob. g§V Zm_Xodm§À`m A^§Jm_Ü`o nw§S>{bH$, nm§Sw>a§J, {gÕnrR> H$moUVo _mZm`Mo? H$maU ^mJdV g§àXm`mV Va \$º$ nwÊ`ñV§^
amhr, aIw_mB© CnpñWV hmoVo. ho gm§àXm{`H$ AmñWo_wio C„o{Ibo Amho. nwUVm§ã`mMm C„oI Amho.
JUw … _hmamO, nU Mm§JXodnwarMo Mm§JXod _hmamO Am{U dQ>oœam§Mo _hmamO … JUmo~m, Ami§Xr, Zodmgm, n¡R>U, H$monaJmd~oQ>, Í`§~Ho$œa,
ñWmZ H$moUmMo? S>m°. T>oao åhUVmV Ë`mà_mUo Mm§Jm_wYoe `m à{eî`mMo ñWmZ Zm{eH$ `m H¥$îUm-JmoXmdarÀ`m Imoè`m§Mm, _wim, àdam, JmoXmdar ZÚm§Mm
H$moUVo? Mm§JXod Jmd dQ>oœa _§{Xa `m gd© Jmoï>r Va AmhoVM, Am{U OdiM n[aga nm{hbm Va, h[aü§ÐJS> hm `m n[agamVrb _hÎdmMo ñWmZ åhUyZ
_wº$m~mBªMr g_mYrnU Amho, Ë`mMo H$m`? à{gÕ Agmdm, ho _mÝ` H$amdo bmJVo. `oWo EImXo {gÕnrR>, eº$snrR> Am{U
_hmamO … JUmo~m, øm{df`r {ZU©` H$aUo H$R>rUM hmoD$Z ~gVo. nU JwéHw$b Agmdo Aem gd© gmo`rgw{dYm Am{U dZ{Zdmg d EH$m§V gmYVm
Mm§Jm_wYmoOrMm g_mYr eH$ _wº$m~mBªÀ`m g_mYrZ§VaMm Amho. Ë`m_wio `oB©b Ago ñWmZ åhUyZ h[aü§ÐJS> Amho ho, _r ñdV… nm{hë`mda _bm nQ>bo.
Ë`m§À`mer _wº$m~mBªMm g§~§Y Zmhr. Am{U nwUVm§ã`mV Mm§Jm_wYmoOtMr g_mYr {edm` Mm§JXodm§Zm _mD$btZr "MH«$nmUr' Ago g§~moYbo Amho. Ë`m gd© Jmoï>r
åhUmdr Va gd©_mÝ` M[aÌH$ma g§V Zm_Xod Va Mm§JmdQ>oœam§À`m g_mYrdoir nm{hë`m H$s Mm§JXodm§Mo JwéHw$b, {gÕnrR> h[aü§ÐJS>mdaM hmoVo ho ñnï> hmoVo.
_wº$m~mB© CnpñWV hmoË`m Ago åhUVmV. `mMm AW© Agm H$s, Mm§JXodnwarVë`m {ebmboImVrb Mm§JXod hm C„oI S>m°. T>oao `m§Zr Zm|X{dbm Amho, `m à_mUmZo
Mm§JXodm§{df`r g§emoYZ ìhmdo. nwUVm§ã`mÀ`m Zìho. ~a§ JUmo~m _¥V _mUgm§Zm Va Vo {gÕM hmoVo. ^r_me§H$a Vo Í`§~Ho$œa `m S>m|Jaam§Jm§da {edñWmZo Va
{Od§V H$aUo, hm M_ËH$ma _wº$mB©À`m Am{U Mm§JXodm§À`m Zmdmda _m¡{IH$ AmhoVM na§Vw H¥$îUm Am{U JmoXm Imoè`mMm hm àXoe, Jmbd, nmamea,
na§naoZo Amho. Vmohr, nwUVm§ã`mMmM gm§{JVbm OmVmo. EHy$U JUmo~m VrWm©dir {dœm{_Ì, AJñVr, F$î`e§¥J, H${nb_wZr, dmpë_H$s Aem AZoH$ F$fr_wZtMr
H$arV AgVm§Zm, Mm§JXodm§Mr ^«_§Vr AZoH$ {R>H$mUr Pmbr Agob. Ë`mV ñWmZo Agbobm Amho; `mMr nwamUo gmj XoVmV. åhUOo ZmW na§naoVrb
Vmnr Vramdarb Mm§JXodnwar ho hr Jmd Am{U dQ>oœa _§{Xa AgUo eŠ` Amho ZmWm§Zr Ogm hm n[aga {ZdS>bm Vgm Ë`mM na§naoVrb lr `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Zr,
qH$dm Mm§JXod _yi Mm§JXodnwarMo AgVrb Z§Va `moJgmYZm H$aÊ`mgmR>r hmM n[aga {ZdS>bm Agmdm, ho ñnï> Amho. åhUOo h[aü§ÐJS> hoM lr
h[aü§ÐJS>mda Ambo AgmdoV. ~aH$m JUmo~m, F$fr_wZtÀ`m g_mÜ`m§À`m `moJramO Mm§JmdQ>oœam§Mo ñWmZ Agmdo.
~m~VrV EdT>oM H$m`, ZdZmWm§À`m g_mÜ`m§À`m ~m~VrV AerM AZoH$ JUw … _hmamO, AmnU AJXr {Zdm©im XoD$ZM ñWmZ {Z{üV Ho$bo.
g_mYrñWmZo XmI{dbr OmVmV. Amnë`m JmdmVrb ñWmZ hoM Iao g_mYrñWmZ, h[aü§ÐJS>mdê$ZM lr Mm§JXod _hmamO Ami§Xrbm lr kmZoœam§Zm ^oQ>m`bm
Agm àË`oH$ JmdmMm AmJ«h AgVmo. Vmo J«m_ñWm§À`m lÕoMm ^mJ Amho. Jobo AgVrb, Zmhr H$m?

24 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 25

 _hmamO … JUmo~m, {Zd¥Îmr, kmZXod, gmonmZ, _wº$m~mB© `m§Zm Mm§JXod hmoV. {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§nmgyZ ZmWg§àXm`mZo H${b`wJmV, Zd{dYm ^{º$_mJm©Zo àn§MmV
^oQ>bo. _mÌ _wº$mB©H$Sy>Z AZwJ«h KoD$Z Vo h[aü§Ð JS>mda nwÝhm Ambo AgmdoV. amhÿZ gwb^nUmZo _mojmn`ªV, `m{MXohr `m{MS>moim, OmVm `oVo, ho OmUbo.
VoWMo Ë`m§Zr Amnbm "VÎdgma' hm J«W§ nyU© Ho$bm. JwéHw$b Am{U {eî`_§S>itZm lr kmZXodm§Zr ^mJdV g§n«Xm`mMm nm`m, g§V Zm_Xodm§À`m ghmæ`mZo KmVbm,
{Zamon {Xbm Agmdm Am{U Vo nwÝhm lr kmZXodm§À`m g_mYrnydu Ami§XrV _mÌ `moJ_mJ© ZmW{gÕna§nam Am{U ^{º$_mJ© `m§Mr gm§JS> KmVbr. åhUyZM
^mJdV g§V_où`mV amhÿ bmJbo AgmdoV. Ë`m§À`mV amhÿZM Ë`m§Zr A^§JaMZm gd© g§Vm§Mr Jwéna§nam ZmWna§naoVyZ Ambobr {XgVo. àn§M Am{U na_mWm©Mr
Ho$br Agmdr Ago åhUVm `oVo. `m Ñï>rZo Ë`m§Mm EH$ A^§J _moR>m gyMH$ gm§JS> KmbyZhr kmZ`moJ gmYVm `oVmo ho `m g§V_§S>itZr XmIdyZ {Xbo. gd©
Amho. H$ë`mUmMm _mJ© åhUOo kmZ`moJ Am{U ^{º$`moJ `m§Mr gm§JS> ho g§Vm§Zr
""_r _mP| Xþ[aV Amemnme {MÎmr & _moh __Vm ^«m§{V Ah§^mdo &&1&& {gÕ Ho$bo. àg§Jr `moJ_mJm©Vrb {gÕtMo M_ËH$ma gdmªZm `m _mJm©H$S>o
h[aVgo VoO A^r_mZ VmR>m & EH$VÎd| d¡Hw§$R>r h[anmR>| &&2&& IoMyZ, kmZr H$aÊ`mgmR>r, `m g§V_§S>itZr Ho$bo AgmdoV. {gÕr hr
Zm{ed§V Xoh n§MVÎd_moir & dm`m§M dmhmQw>ir CS>mo{Z Om`o &&3&& _moj_mJm©Vrb AS>Wim Amho. {gÕtÀ`m _mohmV _mojgmYZm Wm§~Vo; ho
_wº$mB© OrdZ Mm§J`m {XYb| & {ZJw©Ur gm{Yb| Ka H¡$g| &&4&&'' R>mdyH$ AgyZhr; g§Vm§Zr gm_mÝ`m§À`m lÕobm ~iH$Q>r XoÊ`mgmR>r M_ËH$mahr
g.g§.Jm. lr Mm§JXodm§Mo A^§J A.H«$. 3 g§nm. S>m°. a. am. Jmogmdr Ho$bo. JUmo~m, lr `moJoœa Mm§JXod `moJ_mJm©Mo AmJ«hr, {gÕ, H$_©R>, Ago
ZmWg§àXm`mVrb àH$m§S> gmYH$ AgmdoV. dQ>oœa AWm©V Am{XZmW {ed hoM
JUw … nU _hmamO, lr Mm§JXod _hmamOm§Zr Mm¡Xmeo df} \w$H$Q> Kmbdbr Amnbo {nVm d hoM Amnbo Jwê$ åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr Amnbr H$R>moa gmYZm Ho$br.
H$m? Vr {gÕrghr Jobr. åhUOo JUmo~m, ZmWg§àXm`mgma»`m _mJm©Mm, AmJ«hr
_hmamO … Zmhr Zmhr. JUmo~m, Mm§JXod {gÕ hQ>`moJr hmoVo. `moJ _mJ© nwañH$ma H$ê$Z dQ>oœa {gÕg§àXm` dmT>{dUmao H$R>moa `moJ nwéf åhUyZ Ë`m§Mm
F$fr_wZr, ZmW, {gÕ gdmªZrM AZwgabm. ZmWm§Mr Jwéna§nam _wº$mB© Mm§JXodm§n`ªV A{YH$ma _moR>m hmoVm.
`oD$Z nmoMVo. Aao H${b`wJmMo {R>H$mUr Ë`m A{VH$R>rU, pŠbï> `moJ_mJ© JUw … _hmamO, `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Zr g§V kmZoœam§Zm H$moao nÌ nmR>dbo
gd©gm_mÝ` J¥hñWml_r bmoH$m§Zm O_Uo eŠ` Zmhr. nydugwÕm `moJ_mJm©Zo Ago gm§JVmV; Ag§ Ia§M H$m Ho$b§ Agmd§?
_mojmàV Om`Mo Agob Va {dOZdmgmV OmD$Z, gmYZm H$amdr bmJo. {gÕr _hmamO … JUmo~m, Ia§M H$moa§ nÌ nmR>db§ `mbm, g§àXm`mV MmbV
àmá H$aUo, `wÕmVrb eómó àmá H$aUo, {d{dY eº$s g§nmXZ H$aUo, Ambobr H$Wm EdT>mM AmYma Amho. ho nU lr Mm§JXod _hmamOm§À`m EH$m
`mgmR>r g_mYrgmYZm AWm©V `moJgmYZm H$amdr bmJo. dUm©l_mZwgma dmZàñW J_Vrera Hy$Q> A^§JmV d{U©br Amho. Ver AdñWm lr Mm§JXodm§À`m _ZmV
Am{U gÝ`mg_mJ© `m§V Aer gmYZm H$arV. F$fr, {gÕ Aer gmYZm H$ê$Z Am{U lr kmZXod, {Zd¥Îmr, gmonmZ, _wº$m~mB©À`m _ZmÀ`m {R>H$mUr `m
OJmÀ`m H$ë`mUmgmR>r OrdZ PmoHy$Z XoV. `m `moJ_mJm©V {gÕr àmá hmoVmV. àg§JmZo Pmbr Agmdr Ago dmQ>Vo.
Ë`m {gÕtÀ`m `moJmZo n§M_hm^yVm§da {dO` {_i{dVm `oVmo. gd© eº$s¨da
{dO` {_idyZ, Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m AmkoV R>do Vm `oV.o ZmWg§àXm`mVrb ZdZmWm§Zr ""AmH$memMm e|S>m Kma am§Yr _m§S>m & H$mD$im dmT>r H$m§Xm Hw$„mi ^moOZ
hm _mJ© OZH$ë`mUmgmR>r dmnabm. `m _mJm©V _§Ì, V§Ì, `§Ì, {dYr{dYmZo, H$ar &&1&&
AZoH$ àH$maÀ`m derH$aU {dÚm àmá H$aVmV. OUy XodËd àmá hmoVo. {Xhm nS>o Mm§XU| amÌt nS>o CîU & Mmoa KaQ>r Kmbr Vami Kmbr ImU &&2&&
_mojgmYZm ^moJyZ, OZH$ë`mU H$aVm `oVo. hm _mJ© {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§n`ªV MmbVM gmgwZ| ImXb| C§S>o gwZ Vaio & boH$s¨ bm{gbr Om§dmB© JS>~S>m bmoio &&3&&
Ambm Amho. lr Mm§JXod _hmamO ho `m _mJm©Vrb ZmWna§naoVrb `moJramO Y_H$V KwgiU KmVbo nmar & dQ>oœagwVm åhUo _wº$mB© AdYmar &&4&&''
g.g§.Jm S>m°. Jmogmdr, lr Mm§JXodm§Mo A^§J H«$. 18

26 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 27

 AVŠ`©, {dñ_`H$maH$, {d{MÌ, {dn[aV, Var gË` AdVaVo; hrM nS>bm, H$s _mD$btZr Ë`mM H$moè`m H$mJXmda "Mm§JXod nmgï>r' {bhÿZ
pñWVr `m Mm§JXod-_wº$mB© g§dmXmVyZ àH$Q> H$ê$Z; gX²Jwê$ H¥$noZo AeŠ` nmR>dbr Agob, Va _J "Mm§JXod nmgï>r' à{gÕ H$moUr Ho$br Agob?
eŠ` hmoVo; Ago gy{MV Ho$bo Amho. _mÌ Ë`mgmR>r Ah§H$ma X_Z Pmbm _hmamO … VwPo åhUUo AJXr ~amo~a Amho. "^mdmW© Xr{nH$m' AWm©V
nm{hOo. g§àXm`mV lr kmZXod d ^md§S>o `m§À`mer Mm§JXodm§À`m ^oQ>r{df`r "kmZoœar' gdmªg_moa àH$Q> Pmbr. "A_¥VmZw^d' lr {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§À`m H¥$noZo
EH$ H$Wm gm§{JVbr OmVo. d¡.h.^.n. _m_mgmho~ Xm§S>oH$a àmgm{XH$- gmW© {gÕ hmoD$Z Ë`mMm AmË_g§dmX ñdê$n AmñdmX kmZXodm§Zr KoVbm. Vo åhUVmV-
lr kmZoœarÀ`m àñVmdZoV, kmZXodm§Mo AënM[aÌ, `m ^mJmV Zm|X{dbr nar Jm lr {Zd¥Îmram`m & hmVmVir gwI{db| Vy§ `m &
Amho. Vr Aer, ""aoS>çm_wIr doX dX{dUmao ho H$moU? Agm gd©Ì MM}Mm Var {Zdm§VM{M {_`m§ & ^moJmd| H$s¨ Vo &&1&& A_¥. J«§Wn[ahma Amo.1&&
{df` Pmbm. AZoH$ _hmnwéfm§Zm `m Jmoï>rMo Hw$Vyhb dmQ>bo. AZoH$ _hmnwéfm§Zm ``mbmJt ho ~mobU| & AZw^dm_¥VnU| &
kmZXodm{X ^md§S>m§Zm ^oQ>Ê`mMr Vrd« BÀN>m {Z_m©U Pmbr. `moJr, ^º$, n§{S>V ñdmZw^y{V naJwU| & dmoJ[abo &&24&& A_¥. J«§Wn[ahma Amo.24&&
Ë`m§Zm ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r JXu H$ê$ bmJbo. `mn¡H$s EH$ _hmZ `moJrnwéf Mm§JXod AWm©VM lr {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§À`m AmkoZo Am{U lr Mm§JXodm§H$[aVm, lr {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§À`m
hmoVo. Ë`m§Mo d` 1400 df} hmoVo. Mm§JXodm§À`m _ZmV `m ~mb`moJtÀ`m H¥$noZo "Mm§JXodnmgï>r' kmZXod _hmamOm§Zr lr Mm§JXodm§Zm, àgmX ñdê$nmV
{df`r Hw$Vyhb {Z_m©U Pmbo. ^oQ>Ê`mnojm nÌmÛmao n[aM` H$ê$Z KoUo, Ë`m§Zm {Xbr. Vo åhUVmV,
OmñV àeñV dmQ>bo, nU nÌmg H$er gwédmV H$amdr? "{Ma§Ord' H$s
"am.am.' Aem g§^«_ Am{U {dMma Jm|Yim_wio nÌ H$moaoM nmR>{dbo. kmZXodm§Zm ""Mm§JXodm VwPo{Zì`mOo & _mC{b`m lr{Zd¥{ÎmamOo &
nmR>{dbobm hm H$moam H$mJX Am{U Ë`m _mJrb hoVy Ë`m§À`m bjmV Ambm. ñdmZw^d agmi ImOo & {XYbo bmo^| &'' Mm§.nm.Amo.H«$. 61&&
Ë`m H$moè`m H$mJXmda kmZXodm§Zr nmgï> (65) Amoì`m {bhÿZ nmR>{dë`m Ago Agbo Var S>m°. a. am. Jmogmdr Mm§JXod M[aÌmV {b{hVmV, ""_wº$mB©Zo
Am{U Mm§JXodm§Mm Jd©n[ahma Ho$bm. Ë`m J«§Wmg "Mm§JXod nmgï>r' Ago {dlm§Vr dQ>mImbr Mm§JXod nmgï>rMm AW© Mm§JXodmg g_OmdyZ gm§{JVbm,
åhUVmV. nÌmMo CÎma Mm§JXodm§Zm nmohMVmM Ë`m§À`m _ZmV kmZXodm§{df`rMo åhUOoM dQ>mImbr ñdV…À`m B©œaê$nmer Mm§JXod EH$ê$n Pmbo åhUyZ dQ>oe
Hw$Vyhb A{YH$M dmT>bo. Vo Ë`m jUr dmKmda ñdma hmoD$Z, hmVmV gnm©Mm Mm§Jm Ago ho ñdV…bm åhUdyZ KoD$ bmJbo AgVrb Ago EH$ _V "VÎdgma'
Mm~yH$ KoD$Z, kmZXodm§À`m ^oQ>rg {ZKmbo. Mm§JXod dmKmda ~gyZ `oV AmhoV J«§WmMo g§nmXH$ S>m°. h. am. {XdoH$a ì`º$ H$aVmV,'' hm C„oI {dMmamV KoVm;
ho g_OVmM kmZXod Á`m q^Vrda ~gbo hmoVo. Ë`m q^Vrg Ë`m§Zr AmXoe JUmo~m, Vy åhUVmog Vgo, lr {Zd¥{ÎmZmW H¥$noZo Am{U gm§JÊ`mdê$Z lr
{Xbm Am{U Ë`m q^Vrda ~gyZ Mm§JXodm§Zm gm_moao Jobo. AMoVZ dñVybm kmZoœam§Zr `m nÌê$n nmgï> Amoì`m {bhÿZ nmR>dë`m. _mÌ Ë`m "Mm§JXod
M¡VÝ` XoUmao kmZXod nmhÿZ Mm§JXodm§Mm Jd©n[ahma Pmbm. kmZXodm§Zm eaU nmgï>r' åhUyZ _wº$mBªZr Mm§JXodm§Zm g_OyZ gm§JÊ`mÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo, EH$ àH$mao
OmD$Z Ë`m§Zr kmZXodm§Mo {eî`Ëd ñdrH$mabo. kmZXod ^{JZr _wº$mB©Zo Ë`m§Zm gdmªgmR>r J«§Wê$nmZo Iwë`m Ho$ë`m, AgoM åhUmdo bmJob.
AmË_ñdê$nmMr àmár H$ê$Z {Xbr.'' g§V {Zimo~mam`m§Zr lr kmZXod Am{U JUw … _hmamO, "Mm§JXod nmgï>r' hm Ho$di nmgï>M Amoì`m§Mm J«§W
`moJramO Mm§JXod ^oQ>rMm àg§J "Mm§JXod M[aÌ' dU©Z H$aVm§Zm _moR>çm {bhmdm; ho 9000 Amoì`m§Mr kmZoœar, gw_mao 900 Amoì`m§Mm A_¥VmZw^d,
bmKdmZo {b{hbm Amho. (g.g§.Jm. g§.{d.Jm. A.H«$. 1552 Vo 1557 gw_mao EH$ hOma A^§J {b{hUmè`m _mD$br kmZoœam§Zr {bhmdm, ho Amü`©M?
g§nm. S>m°. a. am. Jmogmdr). _hmamO … Aao JUmo~m, `mV Amü`© H$mhr Zmhr. hdm VodT>m {dñVma
JUw … _hmamO, hr H$Wm _r hr dmMbr Amho. _mÂ`m _ZmV àý Am{U hdm VodT>m g§H$moM ho Va lr kmZXodm§À`m H$mì`mM§ EH$ d¡{eîQ>ç

28 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 29

Amho. EImÚm A^§JmV g§nyU© A_¥VmZw^dmM§ gma Vo gm§JyZ OmVmV VgoM. Q>oHy$Z lr {Zd¥{ÎmZmW H¥$noZo Amnbo, ñdV…À`m qMVZmVyZ ñdrH¥$V VÎdkmZ,
Ooìhm§ ""Mm¡Xmeo df} Vnü`m© H$ê$Z Mm§JXod AOyZ "H$moamM' am{hbobm "A_¥VmZw^d' ñdê$nmV, 19 àH$aUmV 811 Amoì`mV, ~«÷{MËH$bm
{XgVmo'' øm S>m°. JmogmdtZr Zm|X{dboë`m _wº$mB©À`m dmŠ`mà_mUo, Mm§JXodm§Mm _wº$m~mBªÀ`m g_moa {Zé{nV Ho$bo VoWo Ë`m_wio _wº$mB© ~«÷kmZr AWm©V ~«m÷Ur
"H$moao'nUm ho AkmZ Amho H$s nyU©kmZ Amho; ho nmaIÊ`mgmR>r lr kmZXodm§Zr Pmbr. `m àg§JmMr AmR>dU åhUOo ~«m÷Ur Jmd. Ë`mVrb _wº$mB© _§{Xa
lr {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§À`m AmkoZo "VÎd_{g' `m _hmdmŠ`mMm ~moY CÎmamË_H$ nÌmV Am{U A_¥VmZw^d àgmX Im§~ AWm©V n¡gmMm Im§~ `m IwUm hmoV.
Ho$bm ho S>m°. JmogmdtMo åhUUo `mo½` Zìho H$m? Ami§Xrg H$moè`m nÌmÀ`m CÎmamW© lr kmZoœa {Zé{nV "A_¥VmZw^d'
JUw … åhUOo _hmamO "Mm§JXod nmgï>r' hm J«§W åhUOo Va, Am¡fYmMr J«§WmVrb AÛ¡V VÎdkmZ AWm©V ~«÷kmZ Ho$di nmgï> Amoì`mV H$WZ Ho$bo.
JmoirM Pmbr åhUm`Mr. VoM nwÝhm lr Mm§JXodm§Mo JwénX gm§^mirV ~«÷{MËH$bm _wº$mBªZr nmgï>
_hmamO … JUmo~m ~amo~a ~mobbmg åhUyZM Va "Mm§JXod nmgï>r' hm Amoì`m Mm§JXodm§Zm CbJSy>Z XmI{dë`m Am{U Mm§JXod ~«÷kmZr Pmbo.
J«§W åhUOo "Jw{Q>H$m§_¥V'M hmo`. AmB© Oer ~mimbm JwQ>r XoVo Vgo _mD$br A_¥VmZw^d Am{U Mm§JXod nmgï>r `m§Mm Agm AÝ`moÝ` g§~§Y Amho. _mD$br
kmZoœam§Zr, ho "Jw{Q>H$m§_¥V' _mD$br {Zd¥{ÎmZmW H¥$noZo, lr Mm§JXodm§Zm {Xbo kmZoœam§Zr, _mD$br {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§À`m AmkoZo ~«÷kmZ Mm§JXodm§g nmgï>rÀ`m
Am{U _mD$br _wº$mBªZr Vo "Jw{Q>H$m§_¥V' lr Mm§JXodm§Zm nmOyZ OmoOdbo. ñdê$nmV {Zdo{XV Ho$bo. VoM ~«m÷Ur _wº$mBªZr _mD$brÀ`m __VoZo Mm§JXodmg
`mg§X^m©V _moR>m aå` C„oI h.^.n. {Zd¥ÎmrZmW _hmamO dºo$ `m§Zr Ho$bm CbJSy>Z gm§{JVbo. EH$àH$mao `m ~«m÷UrZo A_¥VJw{Q>H$m ~mbH$mg XoD$Z
Amho. OmoO{dbo, em§V Ho$bo. Ë`m nmgï>rMm AW© _wº$m~mB©Zo gm§{JVbo - bod{dbm
h.^.n. {Zd¥Îmr_hmamO dºo$ `m§À`m "~«÷{MËH$bmXe©Z AWm©V lr gdmªJr nmgï>r AW© & hmoD${Z H¥$VmW© R>obm nm`t &&64&& ({Z.Jm. 1557).
_wº$m~mB© M[aÌ d JmWm' `m JrVmàog, JmoaInyaZo à{gÕ Ho$boë`m J«§WmVrb `mM J«§WmV lr. dºo$ _hmamOm§Zr Mm§JXod nmgï>r ho _mD$br kmZoœa {da{MV
C„oImà_mUo, "kmZoœar {bhÿZ hr _§S>ir ZodmemhÿZ ~«m÷Urg Jobr. VoWo àH$aU Agë`mMmhr {Zdm©im {Xbm Amho.
kmZoœa _hmamOm§Zr Á`m Im§~mg Q>oHy$Z A_¥VmZw^d gm§{JVbm, Vmo Im§~ JUw … _hmamO, "Mm§JXod nmgï>r' hm "Jw{Q>H$m_¥V' ñdê$nmVbm J«§W
AOyZhr ~«m÷Urg Amho.' `mdê$Z A_¥VmZw^d ~«m÷Urg gm§{JVbm, ho {gÕ Amho Zm? _J, _hmamO, EImXm J«§WM nÌ åhUyZ H$gm nmR>dbm? H$s
Amho. AmOhr VoWo ~«m÷Urg _wº$m~mB©Mo _§{Xa AgyZ {VÀ`mnwT>o aoS>m Amho. nÌmbm J«§WmM§ ñdê$n {Xb§? Ahmo, J«§W doJim Am{U nÌ doJi§, hmo` Zm
_wº$m~mB© bhmZ Agë`m_wio Omo n¡R>Ubm aoS>m doX ~mobbm, Ë`mM aoS>çmÀ`m _hmamO?
nmR>rda ~gyZ _wº$m~mB© àdmg H$arV Ago. _wº$m~mB© Xodr Agë`m_wio {VMo _hmamO … JUmo~m, Aao dm! Vy Va _moR>mM ^mî`H$ma Pmbmg! nU, ho
dmhZ aoS>m Amho. Ë`m aoS>çmÀ`m nmR>rda _wº$m~mB©À`m nmXþH$m AmhoV. ~«m÷Urg ~K, _mD$btMm àË`oH$ eãX, àË`oH$ Amodr `m§Zmhr J«§WmM§ _yë` Amho.
eHo$ 1212 À`m H$m{V©H$ dÚmV A_¥VmZw^d gm§{JVbm. {Zd¥{ÎmZmW åhUmbo, _mD$btÀ`m àË`oH$ eãXmV Ho$di kmZmMmM AZw^d KoVm `oVmo. H$maU
"Vwåhr kmZoœar JrVodarb Q>rH$m {b{hbr, nU Vw_Mm "gd© IpëdX§ ~«÷' _mD$brM kmZñdê$n AmhoV. _J JUmo~m, nÌmbm J«§WmM§ _yë` Zmhr H$m àmá
`m{df`rMm ñdV…Mm H$mhr AZw^d gm§Jm. åhUyZ kmZoœam§Zr ~«m÷Urg hmoUma? _mD$br _wº$mBªZr hoM Va Mm§JXodm§Zm g_OmdyZ {Xb§.
A_¥VmZw^d gm§{JVbm.' JUw … _hmamO, ho Jw{Q>H$m§_¥V g_OyZ ¿`m`bm _r A{V AmVya Pmbmo
h.^.n. {Zd¥Îmr_hmamO dºo$ `m§À`m `m C„oImÀ`m AmYmao AmO Am{U Amho. _hmamO, _bm Amnë`m _wImZo "Mm§JXod nmgï>r'Vrb {Xì` AW©
àË`j ~«m÷UrVrb _m¡{IH$ na§naoà_mUo, ~«÷{MËH$bm åhUOo _wº$mB© AWm©V g_OyZ ¿`m`Mm Amho.
~«m÷Ur. ~«m÷Ur åhUOo ~«÷kmZr. _mD$br kmZoœam§Zr OoWo, Á`m Im§~mg _hmamO … hmo`, hmo`, JUmo~m Vy OoìhT>m AmVya Amhog, VoìhT>mM _r

30 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 31

hr AmVya Amho!
JUw … åhUOo _hmamO?
_hmamO … JUmo~m, _mD$btMo eãX hm Ho$di g_OyZ KoÊ`mMm {df`M
Zmhr. Zm_Xod _hmamO åhUVmV Ë`mà_mUo, _mD$btMm eãX hm AZw^dÊ`mMm
{df` Amho. hm§, Ë`mgmR>r g_OyZ KoVb§M nm{hOo. åhUyZM AmnU AdYmZ
EH$dQy>Z EH${MÎmmZo ho "Jw{Q>H$m_¥V' godZ H$ê$`m.
···
3. Mm§JXod nmgï>r
_hmamOm§Zr "Jw{Q>H$m§_¥V' ñdê$n "Mm§JXod nmgï>r' OmUyZ ¿`m`bm
gwédmV Ho$br. JUw H$mZmV àmU EH$dQy>Z, A_¥VnmZ H$aÊ`mg {gÕ Pmbm.
_mD$br kmZoœam§Mm AmË_gmjmËH$ma nÌmVyZ àH$Q> hmoD$ bmJbm. {ZJw©U
{ZamH$ma na_mmËå`mÀ`m, g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$n AdñWoMr OmUrd hmoD$ bmJbr.
lr kmZamO _mD$btÀ`m gd©ì`mnr àX{jUobm lr {Zd¥{ÎmZmWH¥$noZo gwédmV
Pmbr. Aja-Aja, eãX-eãX, H$mJXmda C_Q>Vm§Zm H$mJX YÝ`, YÝ`
hmoD$ bmJbm-
ñdpñV lr dQ>oew & Omo bnmo{Z OJXm^mgw &
Xmdr, _J J«mgw & àJQ>bm H$ar &&1&&
_hmamO gm§Jy bmJbo- lr dQ>oew, ñdpñV. Omo (dQ>oe AWm©V Am{XZmW
{ed) bnmo{Z, OJXm^mgw Xmdr; _J àJQ>bm (H$s) (OJVmMm) H$ar J«mgw.
ho, lr dQ>oem, VwPo H$ë`mU Agmo. lr dQ>oem, Vy åhUOo, gmjmV {ed
Amhog. Omo {ed (H¡$dë`, AZ§V, na_mË_m) bnVmo, {XgoZmgm hmoVmo, Voìhm§
VmoM ho Am^mgmË_H$ OJV XmI{dVmo. `m Ñí` OJmV gd©Ì Vmo {ed
bnbobm AgVmo. Amnë`mbm dmQ>Vo, ho {XgUmao àmUr_mÌ, dñVw_mÌ, Ë`m§Mo
ApñVËd, Ë`m§Mm ì`dhma, Ë`m§Mm OÝ__¥Ë`y; hoM Iao Amho. dmñV{dH$ `m
gdm©V bnboë`m "{ed' VÎdmMr, g{ƒXmZ§Xê$n na_mËå`mMr, Vr brbm
AgVo. Ioi AgVmo. Vmo IoiM Iam Amho, Ago g_OyZ; bnboë`m {edmMm
emoY KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ AmnU H$ê$ bmJVmo. Ë`mgmR>r gmYZm§Mm, _mJmªMm

32 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 33

AZwgma AmnU H$aVmo. dñVwV… {ed Va Am^mgmË_H$VoZo àH$Q>boë`m, gd© H$gm bmJmdm? H$moao nÌ nmR>{dVm§Zm Mm§JXodm§À`m _ZmMm CS>mbobm Jm|Yi
MamMa dñVw_mÌmV Zìho Va dñVw_mÌm§À`mM ê$nmZo ZQ>bm Amho. Vo ~mø, Am{U H$moao nÌ nmhÿZ, jU^a H$m hmoB©Zm; lr {Zd¥{Îm, kmZXod, gmonmZ,
Zm{ed§V, _Ë`©, n[adV©Zerb Ago ZQ>do ê$n, Amnë`mbm ^mg_mZ hmoVo. _wº$m~mB© `m ^md§S>m§_Ü`o, {Z_m©U Pmbobm g§^«_ lr kmZoœa _mD$btZr
Ë`mM ê$nmV {ed bnbobm AgVmo. qH$~hþZm Vmo ê$n KoVmo, åhUOoM bnVmo. "ñdpñV, lr dQ>oew' `m g§~moYZmZo Am{U na_mËå`mÀ`m, AWm©V {edVÎdmÀ`m
åhUyZM Vo ê$n gË` Amho Ago dmQ>Vo. ~hþê$ß`mZo a§J \$mgyZ, H$nS>o {d{eï> brbm{dJ«hmMo gyÌ - "Omo bnmo{Z OJXm^mgw Xmdr; _J, àJQ>bm H$ar
àH$maMo KmbyZ, à{gÕ H«$m§VrH$maH$ C_mOr ZmB©H$mMo gm|J AmUbobo AgVo (OJVmMm) J«mgw' - {Zdo{XV H$ê$Z; Vmo g§^«_ Xÿa Ho$bm Amho.
qH$dm gmjmV AY©Zmar ZQ>œo amMo gm|J AmUbobo AgVo qH$dm nmo{bg BÝñnoŠQ>aMo
àJQ>o V§d V§d Z {Xgo & bno V§d V§d Am^mgo &
gm|J AmUyZ, Mm¡H$er H$arV qhS>Uo gwê$ Ho$boobo AgVo; Vr gd© gm|Jo
AgVmV. ^«m_H$ AgVmV. gm|J gm§S>bo H$s nwÝhm gm|JmV bnbobm ~hþê$nr n«JQ> Zm bnmbm Ago & Z Imo_Vm Omo &&2&&
àJQ> hmoVmo. Voìhm gm|J Zmhrgo Pmbobo AgVo. ~hþê$ß`mZo gm|JmMo gm_mZ _mD$br åhUVmV, (ho Mm§JXodm) ""na_mË_m åhUOoM A§VamË_m, åhUOoM
Zmhrgo Ho$bobo AgVo. dQ>oemMr brbm VerM Amho. dQ>oe bnVmo Voìhm ho {ed AWm©V Vmo na_oœa àJQ>Vmo V|ìhm {XgV Zmhr. H$maU Vmo àJQ>bm H$s gd©
Am^mgmË_H$ OJ dQ>oeM XmI{dVmo. Ooìhm§ ñdV… dQ>oe àJQ> hmoVmo Voìhm øm Am^mg{dœ _m`m b`mg OmVo. _mÌ Vmo _m`mê$nmZo AWm©V {dœê$nmZo ZQ>bm
OJmMm Vmo J«mg KoVmo. OJ Zmhrgo hmoVo. lr kmZXod åhUVmV, ""lr dQ>oew Vy H$s Am^m{gV hmoVmo. g¥ï>r AZw^dmg `oVo. AmnU gd© Iao AmhmoV Agm
Mm§JXod ê$nmVM Amhog. Ë`m Mm§JXodmM§ H$ë`mU Agmo. ho Mm§JXodm AmnU Am^mg-AZw^d Amnë`mbm `oVmo; Ago _r åhUmbmo Iam na§Vw Vgo Var H$go
Mm§JXod åhUyZ, nÌ åhUyZ H$moam H$mJX nmR>{dbmV Iam, na§Vw AmnU Va lr åhUVm `oB©b? H$maU Vmo na_mË_m åhUOoM A§VamË_m Va "Z Imo_Vm' Amho.
dQ>oew AmhmV, ho _r AmoiIbo Amho. dQ>oew Agboë`m Mm§JXodm§Mo H$ë`mU Vmo {ZJw©U {ZamH$ma Amho åhUOoM Z Imo_Umam AWm©V Z énUmam, Z éOUmam,
Agmo.'' {Z_©i A§V…H$aUmÀ`m, Mm¡Xmeodf© Kmoa `moJgmYZm H$aUmè`m Am{U {Zamgº$ {Zénm{YH$ Agm Amho. åhUOoM Vmo A§VamË_m AWm©V na_mË_m,
{eî`m§H$Sy>Z H$a{dUmè`m, `moJramO Mm§JXodm§À`m A§V…H$aUmV, H$Xm{MV na_oœa åhUOoM dQ>oew AWm©V {ed Va n«JQ>hr ZgVmo Am{U bnbobmhr
Amnë`m `moJgmYZm ~bmMm Ah§H$ma gyú_ê$nmZo dmdaVmo Amho; ømMr ZgVmo.'' Ago gm§JyZ lr kmZoœam§Zr na_oœamMo {Zah§H$mar Ago {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma
OmUrd, _mD$br, Ho$db kmZñdê$n Agboë`m lr kmZoœam§Zm, lr Mm§JXodm§Zr ApñVËd dU©Z Ho$bo. dmñV{dH$ AénmMo dU©Z Ho$bo. VoWo Am^mghr Zmhr
nmR>{dboë`m, H$moè`m nÌm_wio Pmbr Agmdr. `moJgmYZoZo {gÕ AdñWobm Am{U àJQ>Uo AWm©V kmZhr Zmhr. AkmZ Am{U kmZ hr OoWo AgV Zmhr
nmoMboë`m Mm§JXodm§Zm, Ë`m§À`m ñdñdê$nmMr AmR>dU H$ê$Z Úmdr; Agm Agm na_ àH$me, Ho$db M¡VÝ`, Agm AZ§V na_mË_m Amho. `m AdñWoMr
kmZàÁdbZmMm CÔoe, lr kmZXodm§À`m _Zr gX²Jwê$ {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§Zr ào[aV OmUrd `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Zm lr _mD$br kmZmo~mam` H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ
Ho$bm Agmdm. åhUyZM H$moUVmhr Am¡nMm[aH$ _m`Zm Z {b{hVm, lr H$aVmV. na_mËå`mÀ`m `m {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, {Zah§H$mar, {Zamgº$ AdñWoMo
Mm§JXodm§_Ü`o bnboë`m qH$dm Mm§JXod ê$nmZo dmdaUmè`m lr dQ>oem§Zm, lr à_mU XoVm§Zm _mD$br na_oœamMo AgUo AWm©V na_oœamZo dU©Z H$amdo Vgo;
kmZXodm§Zr AWm©V lr kmZXodmVrb AmË_ê$nmZo g§~mo{YV Ho$bo. ñdpñV, Ago lr_X²^JdX² JrVodarb ^mî`ñdê$n lr kmZoœarV, Zdì`m AÜ`m`mV {ZénU
åhUVmZm, lr kmZoœam§Zm AmË_H$ë`mUmMr OmUrd, ^mg_mZ Mm§JXod Am{U H$aVmZm åhUVmV-
kmZXod `m XmoÝhr ì`º$s¨Zm, ê$nm§Zm H$ê$Z Úmdrer dmQ>br Agmdr. h| Agmo nd©Vm{M`o öX`tMo & Oo qd nO©Ý` YmamñVd Z Im|Mo &
kmZgmYZoZoM, g{ƒXmZ§X ñdê$n àmár ñdê$nmVrb H$ë`mU hmoB©b, Aer `m Voqd H$_©OmV àH¥$VrM| & Z bJo _O && 126&&A.9, km.&&
_mJrb OmUrd Agmdr. AÝ`Wm H$moè`m nÌmZo, _ZmMm Wm§J H$moUmbm Am{U

34 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 35

 nmdgmÀ`m Ymam§Zr Ogo nd©VmÀ`m öX`mVrb H$emMmhr ^oX hmoV àJQ> AgVmo Voìhm§ Vmo {XgV Zmhr Am{U ñdV…bm g¥ï>rê$nmV bndyZ g¥ï>rê$nmZo
Zmhr; Ë`mà_mUo àH¥$VrMm H$_©g_wXm` _bm ñne© H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr. na_mË_m ZQ>Vmo Voìhm§ Vmo Am^mg_mZ hmoVmo. Ago _r åhQ>bo Iao nU AmUIr Jwø Jmoï>
AWm©V A§VamË_m bnUo Am{U àJQ>Uo `m {H«$`m§À`m ~m~VrV nyU© CXmgrZ gm§Jy? Ooìhm§ Ooìhm§, Vmo Ag§»`ê$nmZo AWm©V ~hþénm§Zr g¥ï>r hmoD$Z ZQ>Vmo Zm
AgVmo. OUy lr kmZXod Mm§JXodm§Zm åhUVmV, ""àJQ>Uo Am{U bnUo øm Vo Vmo H$mhrM hmoV Zmhr åhUOo Ë`mbm IaoVa {dH$maM Pmbobm ZgVmo. Ago
Jmoï>r Ë`m Imo_Vm Zgboë`m AWm©V {Z{d©H$ma, {Zé{nV, {Zénm{YH$mbm ZmhrVM. H$mhr ZgVm§Zm gwÕm Vmo Amho H$maU; ho Mm§JXodm, ho AdKo (AdH$me) VmoM
AWm©V `m AdñWm Ho$di Amnë`mgma»`m Ordmbm AmhoV. kmZ Am{U Amho. åhUOo Ago H$s gV²{MX²AmZ§X Agm na_mË_m, gd©Ì ^ê$Zhr Cabm
AkmZ ho `m ^mg_mZ hmoUmè`m OJVmÀ`m g§X^m©Zo AgVo. åhUyZM Ordmbm Amho. Ë`mMo AZoH$ê$nmZo ZQ>Uo, Vmo Ho$di Agë`mMo Amnë`mbm dmQ>Uo,
Pmbobm Ah§H$ma {_Ï`m hmo`. `moJr Va {Zénm{YH$ pñWVrbm nmoMbobm Ago gd© AgyZhr; Vmo {Z{d©H$maM AgVmo. Ë`mÀ`m gd©ì`mnH$VoVhr Ë`mÀ`mV
AgVmo. ho `moJramO Mm§JXodm AmnU Va Ë`m {gÕ AdñWobm nmoMbo AmhmV.'' H$mhrM ~Xb hmoV Zmhr. Ord Am{U OS> g¥ï>rV Vmo Jwá ê$nmZo åhUOo
lr kmZoœam§Zr hoM à_mU XoV gm§{JVbo - bnbonUmZo AmhoM. Varhr Vmo ñdV§Ì, doJim, EH$bm Agm Amho. Am{U
h| Aì`º$nUo {WOb| & V|{M _J {dœmH$ma| dmo{WOb| & Ë`mhr n{bH$S>o `m XmoÝhr AdñWm§Mm Ë`mÀ`mda H$moUVmhr n[aUm_ Pmbobm
V¡g| A_yV©_y{V© {_`m§ {dñVmab| & Ì¡bmoŠ` OmU| && ZgVmo?'' Ë`m A{dMb, {Z{d©H$ma, gd©ì`mnH$, {ZË` g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$n
(km.A.9 Xm.Amo.H«$. 66) AgbonUmMo dU©Z H$aVm§Zm kmZXod EH$m A^§JmV åhUVmV -

Aì`º$nUo Jmoim Pmbobo ho {dœ Z§Va {dœmÀ`m AmH$mamZo {dñVma ""VwO gJwU åhUm| H$s {ZJw©U ao & gJwU {ZJw©U EHy$ Jmo{d§Xþ ao &&1&&
nmdbo. Ë`mà_mUo Aì`º$, A_yV© Aem _mÂ`mH$Sy>Z ho Ì¡bmoŠ` {dñVmabo AZw_mZoZm AZw_mZoZm & lw{V Zo{V Zo{V åhUVr JmoqdXþ ao &&Y«w&&
Ago OmU. VyO ñWyi åhUm| {H$ gyú_ ao & ñWyigyú_ EH$ JmoqdXþ ao &&2&&
lr kmZoœa _mD$br _moR>çm gyMH$VoZo `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Zm gm§JVmV- VwO AmH$ma åhUm| H$s¨ {ZamH$ma ao & gmH$mê$ {Zê$H$mê$ EHw$ JmoqdXþ ao &&3&&
""bnUo Am{U àJQ>Uo AWm©V AkmZ Am{U kmZ ho na_oœambm AWm©V VwO Ñí` åhUm| H$s¨ AÑí` ao & Ñí` AÑí` EHw$ JmoqdXþ ao &&4&&''
A§VamËå`mbm A{^àoVM Zmhr. Ë`m XmoKm§Zm Amnë`mV gm_mdUmao na_àH$meê$n (km.Jm. A. 40)
Ago ApñVËd, Amnë`m A§VamËå`mV àH$Q>Vo V|ìhm, _r Am{U Vy Agm EH$àH$mao lr Mm§JXodm§Zm Ë`m na_àH$memn`ªV nmoM{dÊ`mMo Xm{`Ëd
Ah§H$mamMm T>J Zmhrgm hmoVmo. ho `moJramO ho AmnU g_OmdyZ ¿`m; H$s Vmo kmZXodm§da, lr {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§Zr gmon{dbo. g¥ï>rVrb gd© ê$nm§Zm, M¡VÝ`embr
Va "Z Imo_Vm' Amho. àJQ> Agm Vmo Am{U Vmo bnyZ g¥ï>rê$nmV Vmo ZQ>bobm H$aUmè`m, {ZIi M¡VÝ`mbmhr M¡VÝ`_`VoV, gm_mdyZ KoUmao M¡VÝ` àH$m{eV
Vmo Aer AdñWm, `m XmoÝhr Ho$di Amnë`m _ZmZo g§H$pënV Ho$boë`m Jmoï>r H$aUmè`m àH$membmhr àH$m{eV H$aUmam àH$me; Ago Vo gd©ì`mnr VÎd,
AmhoV. øm XmoÝhr AdñWm Ë`mÀ`m Ë`mÀ`mM nmoQ>mV AmhoV Ago _mZm.'' OoWo AkmZ Am{U kmZhr bmon nmdVo, Ago na_kmZ Amho. kmZ Am{U
AkmZmMm Ioi _m§Sy>Z Xmohm|Zm nmoQ>mV KoVm§Zmhr, Vo VÎd {Z{d©H$maM AgVo.
~hþ O§d O§d hmo`o & V§d V§d H$m§htM Z hmo`o &
Ago Vo VÎd OoWo OrdmMm Am{U {edmMmhr Ah§H$ma JiyZ nS>Vmo, Ago
H$m§ht Z hmo{Z Amho & AdKm{M Omo &&3&& AgbonU VoWo AgVo, åhUyZM Á`mbm AmnU JmoqdX Ago Zmd {Xbo; Ë`mMo
O§d O§d ~hþ hmo`o V§d V§d H$m§htM Z hmo`o. H$mhr Z hmo{Z Amho. Omo dU©Z lwVtZmhr, Zo{V, Zo{V, Zo{V Ago {Ìdma åhUV Kmo{fV H$amdo bmJbo
AdKm{M. _mD$br kmZoœa Mm§JXodm§Zm åhUVmV, ""Vmo (na_mË_m) Ooìhm§ Amho. dU©ZM H$aVm `oV Zmhr; _J OrdXem ^moJUmè`m Mm§JXodm§gma»`m

36 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 37

`mo½`mbm XoIrb Vo AdJV H$go hmoB©b? Vo AdJV Pmbo H$s; AdJV hmoUoM Hw$R>o A§Yma Va Hw$R>o COoS> AgVmo. gy`©_mÌ (_mVªS>) Amho VoWo EH$Q>m
Zmhrgo hmoVo! g§V kmZoœam§Zm kmZ_yVu åhUVmV. Jwø àH$Q> H$aÊ`mMo gm_Ï`© pñWa Amho. Vgm na_oœa pñWa AgVmo. Ë`mbm AkmZ Am{U kmZ H$mhrM
Ë`m§À`mV Amho. åhUyZM Vo `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Zm, "H$mhr Z hmo{Z (XoIrb) Zmhr. Ë`mMo gy`©nU H$m`_ Amho. _mD$br kmZoœa gmoÝ`mMo à_mU XoD$Z, lr
Amho' Agm Vmo, {Z_m©U Pmbobo d {Z_m©Vm `m§À`m n{bH$S>o gd©ì`mnH$ Amho, Mm§JXodm§Zm _m`mdmX g_OmdyZ gm§JV AmhoV. _mD$br kmZXod "H$m§ht Zhmo{Z
ho lr _mD$br kmZoœa Amnbo åhUUo Ñï>m§V à_mUm§gh lr Mm§JXodm§Zm nQ>dyZ Amho & AdKm{M Omo &&' ho lr Mm§JXodm§Zm AmUIr Ñï>m§V XoD$Z nQ>dyZ XoV
XoVmV- AmhoV. Vo {b{hVmV -
gmoZ| gmoZonUm CUo & Z `oVm§{M Pmb| boU| & H$„moi H§$MwH$ & Z \o${S>Vm CKS>| CXH$ &
Vodt Z d|{MVm OJ hmoUo & A§Jo O`m &&4&& Vo dt OJogr gå`H$ & ñdê$n Omo &&5&&
gmoZonUm Z `oVm§{M CUo, gmoZo Pmb| boUo, Vodr (ñdV…g) Z d|{MVm§ OJ Vo ñdê$n (na_mË_m) OJmH$S>o gå`H$nUo nmhVmo, {Z{d©H$ma Aem
hmoUo (ho) O`m A§Jo (Amho) Ago Vo gmoZonU. Vgo g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$nmbm; g_ËdmZo nmhVmo. Ogo H$„moi(ê$nr) H§$MwH$ (dó/Mmoir) Z \o${S>Vm (XoIrb)
Y¸$mhr Z bmJVm, OJ hmoUo KS>Vo AWm©V H$moUVmhr {dH$ma Z KS>Vm gmoZonU nmUr CKS>nUo nmUrM AgVo. H$„moi CnmYrMm Ë`mda H$mhrM n[aUm_ hmoV
H$m`_ amIV gmoZo YmVy åhUyZ AgVmoM. VgoM Ë`m YmVyMo (gmoÝ`mMo) Zmhr. Vgo Vo ñdê$n, AWm©V na_mË_m g{ƒXmZ§X ê$n {Z{d©H$ma, {ZË` pñWa
Xm{JZohr hmoVmV. "gmoZonU' A{dMb AgVo. hm gmoZonUmMm ñd^mdM Amho Agm Amho. lr _mD$br AmUIr Ñï>m§V XoVmV -
(O`m A§Jo) AWm©V VoM Ë`m VÎdmMo AgbonU Amho. hr "gmoZonU' AdñWm
na_mUy{M`m _m§{X`m & n¥ÏdrnU| Z dMo{M dm`m§ &
hr "{Za§OZ' AdñWm hmo`. g§V kmZoœa _mD$btZr EH$m A^§JmV `mMo
AmUIr dU©Z Ho$bo Amho. - Vo dt {dœñ\y${V© B`m§ & Pm§H$doZm Omo &&6&&
Mhÿ§ eyÝ`mAmê$V| _hmeyÝ`néV| & gdmªgr nhmV| V|Mr V| Jm &&1&& na_mUy§À`m _m§{X`m§ (na_mUy§Mo Ag§»` g_wXm`) _wio MamMamÀ`m
{Xgo V|hr eyÝ` nhm V|hr eyÝ` & Xohm_mOr {Za§Va {^Þ ê$n &&2&& AZoH$ ê$nm§À`m ApñVËdmda H$moUVmhr n[aUm_ hmoV Zmhr. n¥Ïdr dm`m ({VMo
eyÝ` {ZaeyÝ` XmoÝhr hmanbt & VoWyZr nm{hbr {ZO dñVy &&3&& n¥ÏdrnU) Z dMo{M (gmoS>V Zmhr) n¥Ïdr {Z{d©H$ma AgVo. pñWa AgVo. {VMo
Ü`o` Ü`mZ Ü`mVm {ZagwZr {VÝhr & Pmbm| {Za§OZt A{V brZ &&4&& n¥ÏdrnU A~m{YV AgVo. Ë`mà_mUo {dœñ\y${V© hmoUo hm Á`mMm ñd^mdM
kmZXod åhUo AZw^dr Vmo OmU| & Jwé_wI| IwU gm§{JVbr &&5&& (na_oœamMm) Amho. Ë`m {dœñ\w$aUm_wio Ë`mMo na_oœaËd PmH$V Zmhr. Ë`m
(km.Jm. 801) ñdm^m{dH$ ñ\w$aUm_wio Ë`mÀ`m {Z{d©H$ma, {Zb}nnUmbm ~mYm nmoMV Zmhr.
lr _mD$br åhUVmV, {dœ hr na_oœamMr (ñd^mdV…) ñ\y$Vu Amho. MamMa
ho {ZOê$n AWm©V AmË_dñVy, g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$n ñd`§àH$memZo {ZË` àH$Q> {dœmoËnÎmr_wio Ë`mMo ApñVËd A{O~mV {dM{bV hmoV Zmhr. EH$m A^§JmÀ`m
hmoD$Z {dœ^a Zm§XVoM Amho. "A_¥VmZw^dm'V AkmZ I§S>Z H$aVm§Zm, _mD$br ê$nmZo _mD$br kmZoœa, nwÝhm na_VÎdmMr hr {ZË`Vm {Zénm{YH$Vm Am{U
kmZoœa Ñï>m§V XoVmV- _m`mñ\w$aUmMr Ë`mMr ñdm^m{dH$Vm A^§JmÛmao ñnï> H$aVmV -
A§Ymê$ H$m§ C{OdSw> & hm EH$bm EH$dSw> & Aì`º$mMo Kat ì`º$ n¡ Zm§Xo & _m`oMo{Z N>§Xo OJ Xmdr &&1&&
O¡gm H$m§ _mVªSw> & ^bVoWo && A.A.I§.A.gmV Amo. 259&& JJZt A^«nS>i dm`mo g§Jo `oV & V¡g| V| {Z^«m§V _oKd¥ï>r &&2&&

38 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 39

AÛ¡V g§Mb| Û¡VmMm AmMma & _m`oMm KamMma dmoS>§~ar &&3&& Vw_À`m OmUrd-Zo{UdoÀ`m `moJmZo Vwåhmbm Vmo Amho-ZmhrMm g§^«_ hmoVmo.
{Zd¥{ÎmXodt Y[abr _m`m ho Agma & àn§M n[adma {ZXm©{ibm &&4&& dñVwV… Ë`m na_mZ§Xmda Vw_À`m `m g§^«{_V qH$dm H$mën{ZH$ AdñWo_wio
(km.Jm. A.H«$. 345) H$mhrhr n[aUm_ hmoV Zmhr. "H$m§hr Zhmo{Z AdKm{M Omo (Vmo) Amho'. lr
{d{dY Ñï>mV§ m§À`m ghmæ`mZo _mD$br nwÝhm nwÝhm EH$M Jmoï> lr Mm§JXodm§Zm kmZoœa EH$m A^§JmV n«dMZ H$aVmV, -
ñnï> H$ê$Z gm§JVmV. ho ^mg_mZ Ñí` gË` dmQ>bo; Var `m_wio {ZIi Xod Amho O¡go V¡gm ZoUdo ghgm & ^m§~mdbm H¡$gm {dœOZw &&
g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$n PmH$bo OmD$ eH$V Zmhr. bmQ>m nmÊ`mbm PmHy$ eH$V V`m ê$n Zm aoIm b` Zm bjU & Vo à{V_| AmUyZ dmgZm ê$n| &&1&&
ZmhrV qH$dm na_mUy _yi n¥Ïdrbm PmHy$ eH$V ZmhrV. åhUyZM lr kmZXod XoIm gd©JV {Zamim AÛ¡V & V`m _y{V©_§V Ü`m` OZw &&
lr Mm§JXodm§Zm nwÝhm nwÝhm gm§JVmV; Vmo na_mË_m ""H$m§hr Zhmo{Z Amho & {Vht Xodm{g Amê$ OoWw{Z {dñVmê$ & Vmo Üd{Z Am|H$mê$ Ë`m Amê$ &&
AdKm{M Omo &&'' Agm Amho. AmVm§ Vmo ZmX Zm q~Xþ H$mim Zm N>§Xþ & Aj` na_mZ§Xþ gXmo{XVw &&2&&
AdVao V¡gmM Zìho hmo` V| Z g§^do & Amho V| AmKdo bmKd `m &&
H$im§Mo{Z nm§KwaU| & M§Ð_m hanm| ZoUo &
Vmo `oH$Q> EH$bm aMbm Zm doMbm & Am{XA§Vr g§Mbm AZ§VnU| &&
H$m§ dÝhr XrnnU| & AmZ Zmoho &&7&& n¥Ïdr Amn VoO dm`w AmH$me & ht gH$ihr hmanVr ài`m§Vt &&
{ZOVÎdmÀ`m {ZË`Vo{df`r lr _mD$br M§Ð Am{U A¾rÀ`m {ZË`VoMm Vmo {ZaeyÝ` {Zén_ {Za§OZ {Zdm©U & Vo Xem nmfmU H|${d nmdVr &&3&&
Ñï>m§V XoVmV. ewŠb à{VnXonmgyZ H$boH$boZo àJQ> hmoV OmV, nm¡{U©_obm nmhVm§ `m S>moim§ n[a Z {Xgo H$m§hr Ho$ë`m & ì`mnw{Z`m R>obm ~m{hOw ^rV[a &&
M§Ð_m nyU©ñdê$n àJQ>Vmo; Va dÚ njmV, à{VnXonmgyZ H$boH$boZo M§Ð hanVmo Vmo nXqnS>mAVrVw ^d^mda{hVw & ~mnaIw_mXo{ddê$ {dÇ>bw öX`m§Vw a`m &&4&&
Amho, Ago {XgVo. Vo A_mdñ`obm M§Ð nyU©V… hanbm Amho, Zmhrgm Pmbm (g.g§.Jm. km.A.Jm.H«$. 45 S>m°. Jmogmdr I§S> 1)
Amho Ago dmQ>Vo. EH$àH$mao H$bm§À`m nm§KwaUmZo M§ÐmMr d¥Õr qH$dm j` hmoV gd©ì`mnr {ZË` Aem na_mËå`mMr Ordmbm OmUdUmar brbm _m`m Amho ho
OmUmar ê$no {XgVmV ho Iao; nU Vmo Va Ho$di Am^mg AgVmo. M§Ð Amho lr kmZoœa namonarZo lr Mm§JXodm§Zm nQ>dyZ XoV, Mm§JXodm§Zm AÛ¡V Aem
VoWoM AmH$memV pñWa Amho. H$mbàdmhm_wio Am{U JVrÀ`m `moJmZo hr na_mË_VÎdmMm na_àH$me àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arV AmhoV. Vo nwT>o
Am^mgmË_H$ ê$no {XgVmV. `m H$bm§_wio Amnë`mbm Am^mgê$no {XgVmV. åhUVmV -
M§Ðmda Ë`mMm `pËH¨${MVhr n[aUm_ Pmbobm ZgVmo. XrnH$ bmdbm H$s
A¾rMo doJio ê$n OmUdVo. àË`oH$ {Xì`mVrb A¾r VmoM AgVmo. AmZ Zmoho, åhUmo{Z A{dÚm {Z{_Îm| & Ñí` Ðï´>Ëd dV} &
AÝ` A¾r ZgVmo. {Xdm, gy`©, Vmao, ZjÌo, Mwbr, drO, B§{OZo B. gd© Vo _r ZoU|, AmB©Vo & Eogo{M Ago &&8&&
{R>H$mUr doJim A¾r Amho Ago dmQ>Vo. EìhT>oM H$m` earamVrb CîUVm ho ""A{dÚoÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo (AkmZm_wio) Ñí`, Ðï´>Ëd Agm ^oX ÐîQ>çmbm
A¾rMo ê$n Am{U dUì`mVrb A¾rMo ê$n, {^Þ Agë`mMo ^mgVo. noQ>{dbo ì`dhmamV {XgVmo. Vo _r ZoUo (kmZXod Vo OmUV ZmhrV) AWm©V AmË_VÎd
VaM A¾r, ê$n KoD$Z àH$meVmo Ago dmQ>Vo. dmñV{dH$ hm _mUgmÀ`m OmUV Zmhr. H$maU Vo (na_mË_VÎd) Eogo{M AmBV|, Amho (Vo Va ñdV…M,
AZw^d, ì`dhmam§Mm H$mën{ZH$ Ioi AgVmo. A¾r {ZË` Amho. Vmo gwá Agmo ñd^mdV… Eogo{M, {gÕ Amho - AmB©Vo Amho) g{ƒXmZ§X ñdê$n {ZË` {gÕ
H$s àÁd{bV {Xgmo, Vmo AmhoM. Vgo g{ƒXmZ§Xê$n AmhoM. na_kmZ AmhoM. (Am`VoM- AmngyH$M - ñd^mdV…, _wimVM {gÕ) Amho åhUyZM _bm
_mUgmÀ`m AkmZ Am{U kmZmÀ`m IoimZo Vo Amho qH$dm Zmhr Ago dmQ>Vo. A{dÚoÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo KS>Umam Ñí`, Ðï´>Ëd, Ðï´>m Agm ì`dhma _bm R>mdyH$M
_mÌ na_kmZ qH$dm na_mË_m {ZË`M Amho. Vw_À`m AgÊ`m-ZgÊ`mZo qH$dm

40 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 41

Zmhr ho Mm§JXodm AmnUhr bjmV ¿`m. (AmnUhr, AWm©V AmnUhr Vgo, ho Mm§JXodm, AmnU VÎdk, g§V, `moJr AmhmV, ho AmnU
AmË_VÎdñdê$nM AmhmV åhUyZ ho OmUyZ KoVbo OmB©b) ho Mm§JXodm OmUmdo.
gwédmVrbm _r åhQ>ë`m "bno V§d V§d Am^mgo & àJQ>o V§d V§d (Am^mg) Z _mD$br kmZoœa AmUIr Ñï>m§V XoD$Z; {ZË` Am{U A{ZË` qH$dm
{Xgo' Ago Vo na_VÎd {ZË` Amho. Xþgè`m eãXmV gm§Jm`Mo Va- ^«m_H$ `m§Mr lr `moJramO Mm§JXodm§er nÌmÛmao MMm© H$aVmV -
(na_VÎd) Vy§ O`m§ à{V bngr & V`m§ (Ë`m Ordmbm) OJ ho Xm{dgr & Ab§H$ma `oU| Zm_| & A{gOo {Z{Ib ho_| &&
(na_VÎdm-Xodm Vy) àH$Qw> V¢ H$[agr & AmKd|{M (gdm©Ë_H$) Vy§ && ZmZm Ad`d g§^«_o & Ad`{d`m O|dr &&11&&
(km.14.4)
""Ad`{d`m AWm©V Ord O|dr (Á`mà_mUo) g§^«{_VnUo ZmZm Ad`d
lr _mD$br kmZoœa nwÝhm na_VÎdmÀ`m {ZË` {gÕ ñdê$nmÀ`m Xe©ZmgmR>r AmhoV, `m§VM Jw§V{dVmo; Ogo ho S>moio, ho H$mZ, ho hmV, ho ZmH$ B. _mÌ `m
Ñï>m§V XoVmV - gd© Ad`dm§V EH$M Ord (OrdmË_m) Zm§XV AgVmo. `m gd© earamÀ`m
O|dt Zm__mÌ bwJS>o & `oèhdr gwV{MV| CKS>| & n{bH$S>o, Vmo Ord (AmË_VÎd) hoM Iao {ZË` AgVo. qH$dm {d{dY Ab§H$ma
H$m§ _mVr _¥X^m§S>o & O`mnar &&9&& {d{dY Zmdm§Zr AmoiIbo Jobo; Ogo ~m§JS>çm, M§Ðhma, VmoS>o B. Var Ë`m gd©
Ab§H$mam§V ho_ (gmoZo) {ZIinUo AgVoM. ho gd© Ab§H$ma ñdV§ÌnUo qH$dm
Á`mà_mUo bwJS>o (YmoVa, n§Mm B.) ho ê$n Ho$di Zm__mÌ Amho. Ë`mV EH${ÌVnUo {dVidyZ EH$Ì AmUbo; Var {ZIi gmoZoM Agë`mMo bjmV
gyV {ZË` Amho. qH$dm _¥X²^m§S>o (_mR>, _S>Ho$, Vdbr, am§OU B.) ho Zm__mÌ `oVo. Ë`mà_mUo g¥ï>rV MaAMa Aem Ag§»` ê$nmZo, Vmo na_mË_mM ZQ>bobm
ê$n hmo`. Ë`mV _mVr {ZË` AgVo. åhUOoM gyV qH$dm _mVr ho Am`VoM {gÕ AgVmo. `m gd© énm§Mm {db` Ë`mÀ`mM {R>H$mUr hmoVmo. H$maU Vmo na_mË_m
Ago {ZË` Amho. àË`oH$ Zm__mÌ ê$nmV, Vo {ZË` AgVoM. ê$n Zï> Pmbo; {ZË` Amho. Ë`mà_mUo ho Mm§JXodm -
Var Vo {ZË` VÎd àH$Q>VoM. Ñï>m§V XoD$Z _mD$br `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Zm OmUyZ
KoÊ`mg gm§JVmV H$s; Vodt {edmo{Z n¥Ïdrdar & ^mgVr nXmWmª{M`m nar &
àH$me, Vo EH$gar & g§{d{Îm ho &&12&&
V|dr Ðï>m Ñí` Xeo & AVrV ÑL²>_mÌ Oo Ago &
V| {M Ðï>m Ñí` {_g| & Ho$di hmo` &&10&& Ë`mà_mUo "{ed'VÎdmnmgyZ AWm©V {edmo{Z n¥Ïdrda AZoH$ àH$maMo
nXmW© AWm©V MVwaImUr- A§S>O, ñdoXO, CX²{^O, OmaO Ago Ord; \$io,
AVrV (n{bH$S>rb {ZË` VÎd, g{ƒXmZ§Xê$n) ho, Ñí` (ê$n) Am{U \w$bo, S>m|Ja, Xè`m, g[aVm, gy`©, M§Ð, AmH$me B.B. ^mg_mZ hmoVmV. AWm©V
Ðï>m (nmhUmam) hr Xem ÑL²>_mÌ (Ñï>r^«_ åhUyZ) (nmhÊ`mnwaVr, dada "{ed', AWm©V g§{dÎmr åhUOoM g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$n, na_mË_mM `m gd© nXmWmªÀ`m
{Xgm`bm) ñdê$nmV AgVo. Ðï>m Am{U Ñí` `m {Z{_ÎmmZo VoM {ZË`VÎd, Oo ê$nmZo ZQ>bobm AgVmo. Vo gd© EH$garnUo g§{d{ÎmM AgVmV. Ë`m§Mm {db`
Ho$db Amho, ({ZË` {gÕ, EH$b Amho) Vo ê$nmZo ZQy>Z àH$Q>Vo. AÝ`Wm Vo Pmbm H$s g§{d{Îm àH$me_mZ hmoVo. H$maU na_mËå`mÀ`m nyU©kmZñdê$n
Ho$dbM Amho. {ZË` {gÕM Amho. Á`mà_mUo - àH$Q>Ê`mVM, ê$n {db` nmdVmV. Ë`m {ZË`VÎdmZo AWm©V g§{d{ÎmZoM Ë`m
`m Cnm{Y_mOt (MamMa ê$no) Jwá & M¡VÝ` Ago gd©JV & gd© nXmWmªMm J«mg ñdV…Mo {R>H$mUr KoVbobm AgVmo. Ogo _r gwédmVrbm
V| VÎdk g§V & ñdrH$m[aVr & km.A.2.126&& åhUmbmo H$s, "Omo dQ>oew bnmo{Z OJXm^mgw Xmdr Am{U àJQ>bm H$s (`m
OJXm^mgmMm) J«mgw H$ar.' Ogo-

42 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 43

ñdßZmM| {XgUo Z {XgU| & O¡go Amnbo{Z AgbonU| & _mÌ ho gd© OJXmH$ma Zœa AgVmV, Vo àH$Q>VmV Am{U Zï> hmoVmV qH$dm
{dœtMo Amho Zmhr OoU| & àH$meo V¡g| && km.A. 18.1116 && {db` nmdVmV. g§{d{Îm _mÌ {ZË` AgVo. `m {ZË`VoMo kmZ àH$mebo H$s
CX`m `oVm§ J^ñVr & ZmZm ZjÌì`º$s & OJm{df`rMr ^«m§Vr, Amgº$s, Am^mg amhmVM ZmhrV. OJmÀ`m AmH$mamZo
hmadrOVr Xrár & Am§{JH$m Oodt && km.A. 18.1097 && Vo Ho$dbkmZ, g{ƒXmZ§Xê$nM Amnë`mbm AZw^dmg `oV AgVo. åhUyZM
Vodr CR>{V`m AmË_àWm & ho ^yV^oXì`dñWm & Ë`m OJXmH$mamVrb g{ƒXmZ§Xê$n ñdrH$mamdo; åhUOo OJXmH$mam§H$S>o
_moS>rV _moS>rV nmWm© & dmg nmho Vmo && km.A. 18.1098 && VQ>ñWnUmZo nmhmVm `oVo.'' lr _mD$br kmZoœa nÌmV AmË_gmjmËH$ma dU©Z
nm{Q>darb Aja| & O¡gr nwgVm§ `oVr H$a| & H$arV AmhoV. Vo åhUVmV -
V¡gt hmanVr ^oXm§Va| & V`m{M`m {XR>r && km.A. 18.1099 &&
~m§Y`m{M`m _moS>r & ~m§Ym Zhmo{Z JwimMr JmoS>r &
åhUOo Mm§JXodm, AmË_àH$me àH$Q> Pmbm H$s gd© g¥ï>r Ë`mVM V`mn[a OJ nadS>r & g§{d{Îm OmU &&14&&
{db` nmdVo Am{U VmoM {ZË` Amho, ho bjmV KoD$Z; g§^«_ Am{U
H$m`© H $maUo Zmhrer hmo V mV. Mm§ J Xo d m, Oo {ZË` Amho Vo OrdmÀ`m ho Mm§JXodm, Ahmo, ~m§Y`m (gmMm) Ogm Agob; Vgo åhUOo Ë`mÀ`m
kmZAkmZmn{bH$S>o, {ZIinUmZo Amho. VoM na_kmZ qH$dm AmË_kmZ hmo`. _moS>rà_mUo (AmH$mamà_mUo) JwimMr T>on V`ma hmoVo. Jwimbm ~m§Ym (AmH$ma)
Ë`m AmË_kmZmbm, _J kmZmMo ghmæ`hr, AZmdí`H$M R>aVo. ZmhrVa kmZ àmá hmoVmo. nU Vmo "~m§Ym Z hmo{Z JwimMr JmoS>r' åhUOo ~m§Ü`mV JwimMr
AkmZmÀ`m g§^«_mV AmnU amhÿ Am{U hmoB©b Ago H$s, JmoS>r ZgVo. Á`m JmoS>r_wio Jwimbm JwinU `oVo; Vr JmoS>r Ë`m AmH$mamV
ZgVo. Ë`mMà_mUo hr OJnadS>r (OJmVrb AmH$ma Am{U ì`dhma, _m§S>m_m§S>,
Oo AmË_kmZ {ZIi & V|{h Ko kmZmM| ~i & CËn{Îm, pñWVr Am{U b` Aer nadS>) åhUOo M¡VÝ` {H$§dm g§{d{Îm Zìho;
V¢ gy`© qMVr g~i & V¡go Zmoìho? && Va Vo M¡VÝ` AgVo åhUyZ OJnadS>r KSy> eH$Vo. hr OJnadS>r, Ho$di Ë`m
(A_¥.A. {Vgam dmMm F$U n[ahma Amo.H«$. 19) JwimÀ`m T>onogmaIr VmËH$m{bH$ AgVo. Ë`mVrb g§{d{Îm {ZË` AgVo. OJmMm
gy`m©bm CX`mgmR>r Xwgè`mMo ~i ¿`mdo bmJV Zmhr Vmo ñdV…M g~i hm ngmam Ë`m g§{d{ÎmVyZ AmH$mambm `oVmo Am{U g§{d{Îm_wioM Agë`mMo
AgVmo; Vgo AmË_kmZmbm, AkmZ Zmhrgo Pmë`mda (ì`mdhm[aH$) n«JQ>bëo `m kmV hmoVo, Am{U g§{d{ÎmVM Vmo {db` nmdVmo. g§{d{Îm (Vo AmË_ê$n,
kmZmMo ghmæ` Amdí`H$ Zmhr. AmË_kmZ ho ñd`§àH$mer Amho. Vo AmË_kmZ M¡VÝ`, gV²{MX²AmZ§Xê$n) {ZË` AgVo. VoM OJngmè`mMo _yi H$maU, H$m`©
AmnUmg àmá Pmë`mda; _J _r, Vy nUm H$gm amhrb? Am{U AgbonUhr AgVo Var Vr A{dMb d {ZË` AgVo. ho bjmV KoVbo
H$s Vo ({ZË`H$maU) Amho åhUyZ; _r, Vy hm ^oX, ho {^Þ AmH$ma Am{U {^Þ
Zmht Vo {MÌ Xm{dVr & n[a Ag| Ho$di q^Vr & ì`dhma AmhoV. ho ^oX Ho$di dadaMo AmhoV. ho gd© ^oX Ë`mÀ`mVM {db`
àH$meo Vo g§{d{Îm & OJXmH$mao &&13&& nmdVmV. Vo ^oXM AmnU Iao _mZVmo na§Vw "g§{d{Îm'Mo kmZ Pmbo; H$s gd©
""Ago nmhm q^Vtda Zmht Vo ({d{dY àH$maMo) {MÌ XmI{dVmV; na§Vw ^oXm^oX Am{U Am^mgM Zmhrgo hmoVmV Am{U Ho$dbVm AWm©V "g§{d{Îm'
Vo a§JmZo H$mT>bobo {MÌ; H$mhr H$mimZo nwgyZ OmVo. Aer AZoH$ {MÌo H$mT>br VoìhT>r AÛ¡VnUo amhmVo. AmH$mamVë`m ^oXm§Mm qH$dm Û¡VmMm Am{U g§{d{Îm
OmVmV, {Z nwgbrhr OmVmV. _mÌ q^Vr Amho VoWo pñWa {ZË` AgVo. AJXr ñdê$nmMm nañna g§~§YM Zmhr. ho AmnU g_OyZ ¿`mdo. åhUOo _r Am{U
Vgo g§{d{Îm (na_oœa - {ZO - na_mË_m) OJXmH$mao (OJmÀ`m AmH$mamV, AmnU hohr ^oX JiyZ nS>Vrb. hm ^«m_H$ Ah§H$maM JiyZ nS>ob. AmnU
OS>, MoVZ, MamMa, dñVw_mÌ, àm{U_mÌ Aem {d{dY ñdê$nmV) àH$meVo. AmZ§Xñdê$n hmoD$. g{ƒXmZ§X Aer hr "g§{d{Îm' Va H$Yr AmH$mamV (~m§Ü`mV)

44 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 45

~§{XñV hmoVM Zmhr. Am_À`mn`ªV nmohmoMdm`Mm hmoVm åhUyZM hm H$moè`m nÌmMm àn§M Ago _bm
Ago nmhm- AmUIr H$m` gm§Jmdo - dmQ>Vo Amho. ho Mm§JXodm Ë`m na_kmZmÀ`m àH$memV _r Am{U AmnU hm
^oXM {dê$Z Jobm Amho.''
K{S>`oMo{Z AmH$mao§ & àH$m{eOo Oodt A§~a| &
lr kmZXod lr `moJramOm§Zm ñnï>nUo gwM{dVmV -
Vodt {dœ ñ\w${V© ñ\w$a| & ñ\w${V©{M ho &&15&&
Z qbnVm gwIXþ…I & `oU| AmH$mao jmo^mo{Z ZmdoH$ &
Á`mà_mUo A§~ao (dó) KS>çm KmbyZ R>odë`mZo; hr dóo AmhoV Ago
AmnU åhUVmo Iao na§Vw KS>r ZogV Zmhr, Vr KS>r \o$Sy>Z _JM dó AZw^dVmo. hmo` Amn{U`m gÝ_wI & AmnU{M Omo &&16&&
AJXr VgoM ñ\y$VuÀ`m ñ\w$aUmZo (g§{d{ÎmÀ`m ñ\w$aUmZo) {dœñ\y$V© hmoVo, `oUo AmH$mao ZmdoH$ jmo^mo{Z qH$dm gwIXþ…I Z qbnVm, Omo (Vmo
(OJ AmH$mamV `oVo). KS>rÀ`m AmH$mamV Ogo dóM Amho, Agm AZw^d na_mË_m/A§VamË_m, na_kmZr) AmnU{M Amn{U`m gÝ_wI hmoVmo åhUOoM
`oVmo; Vgo OJXmH$mamV Vr ñ\y$VuM (g§{d{ÎmM) AWm©V Vo na_mË_VÎdmMmM {dœmV {d{dY AmH$mamVyZ VmoM na_mË_m àH$Q> AgVmo, `mMo kmZ hmoVo. Voìhm
AmnU AZw^d KoVmo. åhUOo OJXmH$mamVhr Vr ñ\y$VuM ñ\w$aV AgVo. `m àH$Q>boë`m AmH$mam§Zm AWm©V Ordm§Zm gwIXþ…Im§Mr e¥§Ibm AgVo na§Vw
OrdmMo dmdaUo ho M¡VÝ` ñ\w$aUM àH$Q> H$aVo. Vo M¡VÝ`M Zgob; Va Ord na_mË_m (na_kmZr) na_oœa Ë`m gwIXþ…ImÀ`m e¥§Ibm§Zr qH$dm T>Jm§Zr
b`mg Jobm, Ago AmnU åhUVmo. M¡VÝ` (AmË_VÎd) b`mg Jobo Ago bnoQ>bm OmV Zmhr qH$dm qbnbm OmV Zmhr AWm©V PmH$moiV Zmhr.
AmnU åhUVmo. na§Vw M¡VÝ` Jobobo ZgVo Vo Ho$di earamVyZ Zmhrgo hmoVo. KS>r qH$~hþZm Vr gwIXþ…Io Ë`mbm qH${MVhr {dM{bV H$arV ZmhrV `mMm AZw^d
Zœa Amho, dó {ZË` Amho Vgo {dœmH$ma Zœa AmhoV _mÌ ñ\y${V© AWm©V hmoVmo. H$Xm{MV `m AmH$mam§Zr ZmdoH$ (qH${MVH$mi) jmo^bm (g§Vmnbm)
g§{d{Îm {ZË` Amho. Ogo- Var jUH$mbM, Vmo nwÝhm ñdV…M ñdV…bm gÝ_wI hmoD$Z, ñdV… ñdñdê$nmMr
_mdidrV {dœm^mgw & Zdb CX`bm M§S>m§ew & OmUrd hmoD$Z; gwIXþ…ImZo ^aboë`m {dœmVhr g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$n hmoD$Z
AÛ`mpãOZr {dH$mew & d§Xþ AmVm && km.A. 16 Amo.1 && Zm§XVmo. hr AdñWm {gÕmMr AgVo. Vmo na_mË_m, ñdV… {gÕ, ñd`§^y,
{ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma Agm Amho, VmoM AmH$mamÀ`m {R>H$mUr, AWm©V
åhUyZ gmao H$mhr Ë`m g§{d{ÎmMm (g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$nmMm, H¡$dë`mMm) Vw_À`m, _mÂ`m ê$nmV, A§VamË_m AgVmo. Vmo A§VamË_m àH$Q>bm (nyU©
AWm©V AÛ`mMm {dH$mg ({dbmg) Amho. åhUyZ Ë`m na_VÎdmbm d§XZ na_kmZ Pmbo H$s) gwIXþ…Im§Mm n[aUm_ Ë`mÀ`mda hmoV Zmhr. Vmo ñdV…M
H$amdo AWm©V Ë`mMm AZw^d H$amdm. ho Mm§JXodm - ñdV…bm H¡$dë`ê$nmV AZw^dVmo.
Am{U _wº$, _w_wjw ~Õ & h| V§ddar `mo½`Vm ^oX & Ago nmhm -
AZw^dm_¥VñdmX & {déÕ Od && A_¥.A. 10 J«§Wn[ahma Amo. 25 && V`m Zm§d Ñí`mM| hmoUo & g§{d{Îm Ñï´>Ëdm Am{UOo VoU| &
Omon`ªV AmnU AZw^dm_¥VñdmX MmIbm Zmhr AWm©V Ë`m g§{d{ÎmMm q~~m q~~Ëd Omb|nU| & à{Vq~~mM|{Z &&17&&
qH$dm na_oœamMm AWm©V g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$nmMm AZw^d AmnU KoV Zmhr
g§{d{Îm Ñï´>Ëdm (AZw^dmg) Am{UOo VoUo; Aem Ë`mbm "Ñí`mMo
Vmon`ªV Ë`mÀ`m {déÕ, ^mdm^mg Agbobo _wº$, _w_wj, ~Õ Ago ^oX
hmoUo' Ago Zmd Amho. OUy à{Vq~~m_wio q~~mbm q~~ËdmMr OmUrd hmoVo.
Amnë`m _ZmV C_Q>V amhmVmV. Amnë`m H$moè`m H$mJXmV, ho gmao ^oX Zmhrgo
q~~, à{Vq~~ Am{U q~~Ëd `m§Mm hm Ioi {H$Vr J_Vrera Amho nmhm.
Pmë`mMoM _bm AZw^dmg Ambo Amho. Amnë`mbm hm AZw^dm_¥VñdmX
q~~Ëd (na_mË_m, M¡VÝ`VÎd) q~~ê$nmZo ZQ>Vo (ê$no KoVo) Ago q~~ê$n

46 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 47

{Z_m©U Pmë`mZo, AmaemV nm{hbo H$s à{Vq~~ C_Q>Vo. Vo à{Vq~~, ApñVËdmV åhUyZM ho `moJramOm, AmnU "hmo` Amn{U`m gÝ_wI' Ago ìhmdo.
Agë`mMr OmUrd H$ê$Z XoVo Vr XmoZ àH$mao. EH$ åhUOo q~~ Amho åhUyZ åhUOo q~~mVrb g§{d{Îm Ñí` hmoB©b. Ogo -
n«{Vq~~ Amho. Am{U Xþgar åhUOo ho Oo q~~ Amho, Ë`mV {~§~Ëd Amho
V|dt AmnU{M Amnwbm nmoQ>t & AmnU`m§ Ñí` Xm{dV CR>r &
åhUyZ q~~ Amho. åhUOo `m IoimV {~§~ËdmMr {ZË`Vm ho na_kmZ hmoVo;
Vo à{Vq~~ `m AkmZm_wio q~~mMo kmZ Pmë`m_wio åhUOo q~~Ëd {ZË`. Ðï´>m, Ñí` Xe©Z {ÌnwQ>r & _m§S>| V| ho &&18&&
q~~ A{ZË` Am{U à{Vq~~ Va nyU©V…M ^«m_H$. åhUyZ Ñí` (q~~) AmnUM Amnë`mM nmoQ>r Agbobo (Amnë`m {R>H$mUr Agbobo) Ñí`
Ë`mbmM åhUVm `oB©b; Oo g§{d{Îm AWm©V {ZË` Ago na_VÎd qH$dm na_oœaËd XmI{dV CR>mdo (gwQ>mdo) åhUOo AmnUM Ñí` AmnboM Xe©Z Am{U nmhmUmamhr
Ñï´>Ëdmg AmUrb. Ñí`mV Ñï´>Ëd na_mËå`mÀ`m ApñVËdmZo `oVo, åhUyZM Vo AmnUM Aer {ÌnwQ>r _m§S>br Va Oo {Xgob, Ogo
Ñí`, g§{d{Îm AWm©V g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$n àH$Q> H$ê$ eH$Vo. kmZr, `moJr hm
gwVm{M`o Jw§Oo & Am§V ~mhoa Zmht XþO| &
Ë`mÀ`m AmH$mamVrb bnbobr g§{d{Îm. AWm©V Ñï´>Ëd AmH$mamVyZ Ñí`
H$aVmo. `moJr na_kmZr Pmbm; H$s Ë`mMo ê$n ñdê$n åhUyZ AZw^dmg `oD$ Vodr {VZnU| {dU Om{UOo & {ÌnwQ>t ho &&19&&
bmJVo. Aem AdñWobm gwIXþ…ImZo bnoQ>bo OmD$ eH$V Zmhr. Vmo `moJr gwVmÀ`m Jw§S>çmV AmV ~mhoa EHy$U gyVM AgVo. Ë`mà_mUo hr {VÝhr
R>m`rM {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma Aem g{ƒXmZ§X ñdê$nmdñWobm nmoMbobm Jmoï>tMr (Ðï´>m, Ñí` Am{U Xe©Z) EH$ÌM drU åhUOo hr {ÌnwQ>r hmo`.
AgVmo. åhUyZM Vmo _m¡Z hmoVmo, Ë`mMm ì`dhma H$moaonUmZo KS>Vmo. Vmo EH$b Ahmo, q~~ à{Vq~~mÀ`m IoimV AmnU (Ðï´>m) AmaemV Oo à{Vq~~
EH$Q>m g_Ëdñdê$n hmoVmo. ho `moJramO Mm§JXodm, ho {Zb}nËd `mo½`mbm àmá nS>bobo AgVo Vo Ñí` AWm©V, ñdV…À`mM ^«m_H$ à{V_oMo Xe©Z KoD$
hmoVo; ho AmnU g_OmdyZ ¿`m. lr Jwé {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§Zr hoM gm§{JVbo Amho bmJVmo. ho Xe©Z à{Vq~~mMo ZgVo qH$dm q~~mMohr ZgVo. Vo Xe©Z Ðï´>m åhUyZ
nmhm - Ë`m {~§~mVrb Ðï´>Ëd AgVo. Vo Ðï´>Ëd ho Ðï´>m, Ñí` Am{U Xe©Z hr {ÌnwQ>r
{V{_a nS>bo n«n§M ^mgo & PmH$moibm {Xgo AmË_ZmW &&1&& AZw^yV H$aVo. gwVmÀ`m Jw§S>rV Ogo A§Va~mø gyV AgVo, Ë`mMàH$mao Ðï´>Ëd
h[a{dU XþOo qM{VVm {Z^«m§V & AdK|{M {Xgo _m`m ^«_ &&2&& - M¡VÝ` - g§{d{ÎmMm hm Ioi AgVmo. ì`dhmamVrb gd© AZw^d Iao
gm§Sy>{Z {V{_a gd© Zmam`U & h| {M nmam`U {ZË` H$ar &&3&& dmQ>VmV, Vo `m Ðï´>Ëdm_wio. Vo na_VÎdM gdmªR>m`r AgVo. Ë`mMo kmZ
{Zd¥{Îm g‚mZ AdKm AmË_mamO & EH$ VÎd ~rO Onm bmhmo &&4&& `mo½`mbm Pmbo H$s Vmo ñdV…VM AZw^dy bmJVmo. `mMmM AW© Ðï´>m, Ñí`
(g.g§.Jm. lr {Zd¥{ÎmZmW JmWm, S>m°. Jmogmdr - A.H«$. 309) Am{U Xe©Z øm {ÌnwQ>r_Ü`o na_mËå`mdmMyZ Xþgao H$mhr Zmhr. åhUyZM ho
Mm§JXodm -
åhUyZM `moJramO, _bm dmQ>Vo -
{ZJw©UmMo a§Jr a§Jbo h| _Z & gm§dio gJwU ~«÷ V| Mr & _Vm{^_mZr Eogm
{dkmZmM| kmZ AkmZt KZdQ> & kmZo AkmZ ZrQ> bm{dbo {Xg| &&1&& {dœmg Z Y[aVr & dMZt {ZJw©Ur gJwU XmoÝhr {^Þ AgVr &&2&& A{gnXr
_r Vy§ ho _mV hanbo Ñï>m§V & öX`r öX`ñW {ZOVo O| &&Y«w&& O¡g| VËnX V| Zmhr & gm§di| ~«÷ nmhr V¡g| Ago &&3&& {Zd¥{ÎmXmg åhUo
gmH$ma {ZamH$ma eyÝ`meyÝ` {XR>m & ê$nt ê$ndmQ>m h[a _mPm &&2&& Mm§J`m ~«÷ V|{M Ia| & gm§dio {ZYm©ao OmU a`m &&4&&
~mnaIw_mXo{ddê$ öX`ñW KQ>t & q~~mo{Z C\$amQ>r H$im {Xgo &&3&& (g.g§.Jm. km.Jm. A.H«$. 791, S>m°. Jmogmdr)
(g.g§.Jm. lr km. JmWm S>m°. Jmogmdr A.H«$. 21)
ho Mm§JXodm ñdñdê$nmer EH$ê$n Pmbo H$s `mo½`mMr pñWVr g§{d{Îmê$n

48 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 49

hmoVo. `mH$[aVm AmnU ho g_OyZ ¿`mdo.''
_r _mPo§ _mo{hV am{hbo {Zdm§V & EH$ê$n VÎd Xo{Ib|Jo _m` &&1&& V¡g| ZdMVm§ ^oXm & g§{d{Îm J_o {ÌYm &
Û¡VmÀ`m Jmoï>r hanë`m eodQ>t & {dœê$n| {_{R> XoVw har &&2&& ho {M OmUo à{gÕm & Cn{Îm B`m &&21&&
N>m`m _m`m H$m`m h[aê$nt R>m`m & qMVrVm {db`m EH$ VoOt &&3&&
kmZXodm nmhm Amoh§gmoh§ ^mdm & h[aê$nt Xþhm gd©H$mi &&4&& g§{d{Îm J_o {ÌYm, V¡go ZdMVm (Vgo Z nmhVm) ^oXm, (g§{d{Îm hr
(g.g§.Jm. km.Jm. A.H«$. 609, S>m°. Jmogmdr) EH$b, EH$Q>o, AÛ¡V Amho) ho{M à{gYm OmUo. B`m Cn{Îm (hmM {gÕm§V
hmo`) na_mË_m Ñí`, Xe©Z, Ðï´>m qH$dm Ñí`, Ðï´>Ëd, Ðï´>m Agm q~~à{Vq~~
Aer pñWVr Pmbr H$s - Ý`m`mZo {Ì{dY Amho Ago ^mgbo; Var Ë`m ^oXm§Zm Z bjmV KoVm (Z dMVm
ZwgY| _wI O¡g| & Xo{IOVg| Xn©U {_go & - Z nmhmVm) na_mË_m {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma, AÛ¡V Agm Amho, hm
dm`m§{M XoIU| Eog| & J_m| bmJ| &&20&& {gÕm§V, ho Mm§JXodm, AmnU g_OyZ ¿`m. Ðï´>m, Ñí` Am{U Xe©Z hr {ÌnwQ>r
gm§S>br; H$s na_mË_m àH$me_mZ hmoVmo. {ÌnwQ>r ñdê$nmVrb Am^mg Zmhrgm
Xn©U {_go (ghO hmVmV Amagm Ambm åhUyZ) O¡go ZwgYo _wI hmoVmo. ho nmhm -
Xo{IOXg| Voìhm§ dm`m§{M XoIUo Eogo J_m| bmJo. ghO hmVmV Amagm Ambm.
à{Vq~~ {Xgbo. AmnboM _wI Amho ho bjmV Ambo. H$emgmR>r nmøMo. ho Oo Ah§^mdmM| dmoP| gm§Sw>Zr & {dH$ënmÀ`m PwiwH$m§ MwH$miwZr &
Va à{Vq~~ Amho, åhUOo dm`mM Amho (ImoQ>oM Amho) _J ho AmnboM AZwamJmMm {Zê$ VmCZr & nm{UT>miw && km.A. 7 Amo. 99&&
à{Vq~~ Var AmnU H$moUË`m Om{Udo_wio åhUmbmo; Agm {dMma H$ê$ O`m EoŠ`m{M`m CVmam & ~moYmMm OmoS>bm Vmam &
bmJbmo H$s Amnë`mV nmhÊ`mMr eº$s Amho åhUyZ Ë`m eº$sZoM AmnU _J {Zd¥{Îm{M`m n¡b Vram & P|nmdbo Oo &&Amo. 100&&
Am{U Amnbo à{Vq~~hr gmH$mabo. Amagm Zmhr Va à{Vq~~hr Zmhr, Aem àH$mao {ÌnwQ>r gm§Sy>Z AÛ¡V Aer g§{d{Îm AWm©V na_àH$me,
AmnUhr Amnë`mbm nmhÿ eH$V Zmhr. åhUOo à{Vq~~hr Zœa Am{U na_oœa, H¡$dë` `m§Mm AZw^d ¿`mdm.
AmnUhr Zœa; nU ho Var H$m KS>bo; na_oœa `m Amnë`m ê$nmZo ZQ>bm Ahmo-
åhUyZ, q~~ Am{U à{Vq~~ {Xgbo nU Vmo na_oœa Va {ZJw©U {ZamH$ma Amho.
Ñí`mMm Omo C^mam & V|{M Ðï´>Ëd hmo` g§gmam &
Ë`mÀ`mM ZQ>Ê`mMm Ë`mÀ`mda n[aUm_ hmoV Zmhr, åhUOoM `m {dœê$nmZo
na_mË_m ZQ>bm Agbm; Var {dœ åhUOo na_mË_m Zìho. Va {dœmH$ma hr `m Xmoht _m{Ob A§Vam & Ñï>r n§Jw hmo` &&22&&
na_oœamMr H«$sS>m qH$dm _m`m Amho. ho Oo Amnë`mbm OmUdbo Vo na_kmZ g§gmamÀ`m {R>H$mUr AWm©V `m OJmÀ`m ngmè`mV, Ñí`mMm Omo C^mam
Pmbo H$s q~~à{Vq~~ Am^mg R>m`rM hanVmo Am{U na_kmZ àH$memZo {XgVmo (Oo AmH$f©U, AZw^d, Amgº$s, _mohH$Vm - Agm C^mam) VmoM
AÛ¡V pñWVr àmá hmoVo. ho Mm§JXodm gX²Jwê$ {Zd¥{ÎmZmW H¥$noZo, _mÂ`m _ZmVrb Ðï´>Ëd Amho (gË` Amho, VÎd Amho Agm Am^mg {Z_m©U hmoVmo) na§Vw
CR>bobo kmZ Va§J `oWo Ñí` hmoV AmhoV - Ñí`mMm C^mam Am{U Ðï´>Ëd `mVrb A§Va nmhÊ`mg Ðï´>çmMr Ñï>rM n§Jw
{ÌJwU{Ìnwar do{T>bm & OrdËdXþJu Am{S>bm & hmoVo. H$maU Ñí`mÀ`m C^mè`mVM Vmo AS>H$Vmo Vmo C^mamM Ë`mbm gË` dmQy>
Vmo AmË_m e§^yZ| gmoS>{dbm & Vw{P`m ñ_¥Vr && kmZo.A.17-2&& bmJVmo. Ë`m_wio na_mË_m, Ë`mÀ`m ZQ>Ê`mZo {Z_m©U Pmbobo ho _m`mdr {dœ
Am{U àË`oH$ OrdmVrb AmË_m Ðï´>Ëd `m§Mm nañna g§~§Y H$m` Amho, ho

50 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 51

H$ioZmgo hmoVo. dmñV{dH$ OrdmË_m (Ðï´>Ëd) na_mË_m Am{U Ñí` {dœ `mV Joë`mda Ñï>r H$m` nmhmUma? Ñï´>Ëdm_wio na_oœamMo ZQ>bobo ê$n (_m`mê$n)
H$mhrM \$aH$ ZgVmo åhUOo na_mË_mM OrdmË_m ê$nmZo ZQ>ë`mZo Ñí`{dœ Var H$go AZw^dUma? åhUOoM Ñí` ê$nmV na_oœamMo Am^mgmË_H$ ZQ>Uo
^mg_mZ hmoVo. `m {VhrVrb A§{V_ gË` na_mË_m Amho; ho H$ië`m{edm` AgVo, Vo§ìhmM Ñï>r, Ðï´>m Am{U Ðï´>Ëd qH$dm Xe©Z KS>Vo. AWm©V ho gmao
Ñí`{dœ Am{U Ë`mVrb gwIXþ…ImXr ì`dhma, AZw^dmVrb _m`m_`Vm H$mhr, Ë`m g{ƒXmZ§Xê$n, g§{d{Îm AWm©V {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma Agm
qH$dm Am^mgmË_H$Vm H$iV Zmhr. `moJr g§{d{Îm OmUyZ pñWa hmoVmo. åhUyZM na_mË_m Ago Á`mbm åhUVmo; Ë`m na_kmZmdñWoÀ`m àH$fm©Zo KS>Vo. åhUyZM
ho gmao H$iÊ`mgmR>r Ñï´>ËdmMm A§VamËå`mMm ~moY hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. {ÌnwQ>rZo bnoQ>boë`m AdñWoVhr hm na_kmZ àH$me `mo½`mbm hmoVmo. hoM
Ahmo- Ë`mMo Xohr {dXohr hmoD$Z AmË_ñdê$nr àH$Q>Uo hmo` -
Ñí` OoYdm§ Zmht & VoYdm§ Ñ{ï> KoD${Z Ag| H$mB©? & V¡go _mPm§ (AmË_ñdê$n) gmjmËH$mat & gao Ah§H$mamMr ~mar &
Am{U Ñí`|{dU H$m§hr & Ñï´>Ëd hmoUo? &&23&& Ah§H$ma bmonr AdYmat & Û¡V Om` && km.A. 11 Amo.H«$. 694&&
Ñí`M OoWo Zmhr VoWo Ñï>rMm H$m` Cn`moJ? Ñí` Zgob Va VoWo Ñï´>Ëd A§VamËå`mMm na_kmZàH$me n«H$Q>bm H$s Ah§H$maê$nr {ÌnwQ>r gaVo,
Var H$go AgUma? åhUOo Ñï´>Ëdm{edm` Ñí` Zmhr Am{U Vo nmhUmam bmon nmdVo Am{U Ho$di g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$n, AÛ¡VmMm na_kmZàH$meM VoìhT>m
åhUOo Ñï>rhr Zmhr åhUyZ Ñï´>Ëd hoM Ñí` Am{U Ñï>r {Z_m©U H$aVo. X¥ï´>Ëd amhVmo. åhUOo Ago nmhm -
ho Va Ë`m na_oœamMo ZQ>Uo Amho Ë`m_wioM Ðï´>m, Ñí` Am{U Xe©Z hr {ÌnwQ>r AmË_VoO| VoO a{d VoO q~~o & Ord{edr q~~o kmZ VoO| &&1&&
{Z_m©U Pmbr Zìho H$m? hr {ÌnwQ>r gm§S>ë`mZoM na_oœamMo, AWm©V {ZOVÎdmMo V¡g| VwO kmZ Omb| ao h| H$mO & Ho$edr {damO {MÎm Pmbo &&2&&
kmZ hmoVo. åhUyZM ho Mm§JXodm, hr {ÌnwQ>r AmoiIyZ, Ñï´>Ëdm n{bH$S>rb g_m{YM| ê$n ê$nm{g Amb| H$møm & ngê$Zr ~møm XoVm jo_ &&3&&
{ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma AmË_kmZ qH$dm na_kmZàH$me AZw^dmdm - àd¥{Îm {Zd¥{Îm XmohtMr VQ>mH$ & CVabm{g EH$ qgYmoXH$ &&4&&
{Ìnw{Q> CbQw> {ZJw©{U Aê$Vm & nmhmVm Ñï>m§Vm ^oXw Zmht &&1&& jra Zra h[a Ombm Ago ñdmXþ & AdKm{M JmoqdX ZmZm Xoht &&5&&
^oXþ A^oXþ AdKm{M JmoqdXþ & q~~o q~~ N>§Xþ h[a brbm &.2&& {Zd¥{Îmg§n{Îm Am{b`m n¡ hmVm & VËdt VÎd {Z_Wm CbWm Vy &&6&&
Zmht Ambm Jobm eãX n¢ Ñï>m§Vo & Ñí`m Ñí` ^yV| EH$VËdr &&3&& (g.g§.Jm. km.Jm. A.H«$. 710, g§nm. S>m°. Jmogmdr)
~mnaIw_mXo{ddê$ AY© CÜd© eoO & d|Jr Vy§ C_O Aao a`m &&4&& åhUyZ bjmV ¿`m-
(g.g§.Jm. km.Jm. A.H«$. 544, g§nm. S>m°. Jmogmdr)
Ed§ EH${M Pmbt Vr hmoVr & {VÝhr Jo{b`m EH${M ì`{º$ &
`moJramO Mm§JXodm - Var {VÝhr ^«m§Vr & EH$nU gmM &&25&&
åhUmo{Z Ñí`mMo OmbonUo & Ñï>r Ðï´>Ëd hmoU| & Ñí`, Ñï>r Am{U Ðï´>Ëd ho gJio EH$mM ì`º$sÀ`m {R>H$mUr hmanVo.
nwT>Vr Vo Jo{b`m OmU| & V¡go{M XmoÝhr &&24&& åhUOoM Ñí`, Ñï>r, Ðï´>Ëd hr {VÝhr ^«m§VrM hmo`. `mH$[aVm EH$nU ho gË`
åhUyZM Ago nmhm Ñí` {Z_m©U Pmbo Ago AmnU H|$ìhm åhUVmo? hmo ` . na_mË_m hmM EH$b, EH$Q>m, Ho $ db, AZ§ V , na_kmZê$n,
O|ìhm Vo S>moù`m§Zr (n§MkmZ|{Ð`m§Zr) Vo nmhmVm `oVo. Vo H$m nmhmVm `oVo? g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$n, g§{d{Îm hmo`. åhUOo VmoM EH$bm AÛ¡VnUmZo gd©Ì g¥ï>
H$maU Ñï´>Ëdm_wio Ñí` hmoD$Z na_mËå`mMo ZQ>Uo KS>Vo. na§Vw nwT>o VoM (Ñí`) Aem ê$nmV ZQ>bobm Agbm Var; gd© g¥ï> Ë`mÀ`mM {R>H$mUr hmanVmV.

52 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 53

Zìho _wimV Ago g¥ï> ê$nmV ZQ>Vodoirhr Ë`mÀ`m EH$nUmV qH${MVhr {dH$ma, Voìhm§ KoU| XoU| KQ>o & nar EoŠ`mM| gyV Z VwQ>o
{dMbZ KS>bobo ZgVo. Ë`mVyZ ñd^mdV… g¥ï> ñ\w$aVo Ë`m_wio VmoM AmngwH$M Oodt _wIt _wI dmQ>o & Xn©U| Ho$b| &&
g¥ï>mV M¡VÝ`ñdê$n AgVmo. gd© g¥ï> Ë`mÀ`mV hmanVo Voìhm§hr Vo M¡VÝ`ê$n (A_¥. A.7 AkmZ I§S>Z Amo.H«$. 133)
Amho VoWoM åhUOo Ë`mÀ`mVM ñdm^m{dH$nUo AgVo. VoM "EH$nU' na_gË`,
nwT>| Xo{IOo VoUo ~Jo & XoIV| Eog| Z_m| bmJo &
na_kmZ Ago g{ƒXmZ§X H¡$dë`, na~«÷, na_mË_Z² hmo`.
nar Ñï>rV| dmD$J| & PH${dV Ago &&27&&
A{YH$ XoIU| Var {Za§OZ nmhmU| & `moJamO {dZdU| _Zm Amb| dmo _m`o
&&1&& Xohdir XoC{Z gm{Yb| å`m§ gmYZt & `mZ| g_mYmZ _O OmoS>b| dmo AmaemV g_moa nm{hbo Va Ë`m_wio Amnbo _wIM AmnU nmhmV
_m`o &&2&& AZ§JnU {\$Q>b| _m`mN>§Xm gm§R>db| & gH$i Xo{Ib| AmË_ñdê$n AmhmoV Ago dmQ>Vo. nwT>o Xo{IOo Va Ë`m_wio ~Jo XoIVo Vo (VoM {XgVo Amho)
dmo _m`o &&3&& M§XZ Oo Ooqd ^abm AœËW \w$bbm & V¡gm å`m§ Xo{Ibm Eogo, Z_mo bmJo (Ago dmQy> bmJVo) na§Vw Ñï>rbm ho dmdJo (MwH$sMo, ^«{_V)
{ZamH$ma dmo _m` &&4&& nwao nwao AmVm§ àn§Mm nmhmU| & {ZOmZ§Xr amhU| {XgV AgVo. Vo IaoM AmaemV à{Vq~~ nS>bobo Amho Am{U AmnboM _wI
ñdê$nt dmo _m`o &&5&& Eogm gmJê$ & aIw_mXo{ddê${dÇ>bw {ZYm©ê$ å`m§ Amho Ago dmQ>Vo. na§Vw "Amagm' ho Ë`m H$mMoMo ê$n AgVo åhUyZ Vgm ^mg
Xo{Ibm dmo _m`o &&6&& hmoVmo. nmam bmdbm H$s nmè`m_wio H$mMoMo AmaemV ê$nm§Va hmoVo. åhUOo
nmè`m_wio Ë`m H$mMoV EH$ ^«m_H$ à{V_m {XgVo. `mMm AW© H$mMoVhr Vo
Ahmo hr pñWVrM Abm¡{H$H$ Amho - à{Vq~~ ZgVoM. nmam IaSy>Z H$mT>bm Va AmnU H$mMoV nmhmV AgVm§Zm
V¡g| ^mo½` Am{U ^moº$m & {Xgo Am{U XoIVm & gwÕm à{Vq~~ {XgUma Zmhr. à{Vq~~ hm ^«_, à{Vq~~ nS>Uo hmhr ^«_, Vo
h| gabo AÛ¡Vm & A\w$Q>m_mOt && H$mMoZo {XgVo Amho hmhr ^«_. åhUOo Ë`m AmaemV AmnU {XgVmo AmhmoV,
(A_¥. A.9 OrdÝ_wº$ XemH$WZ Amo.H«$. 7) Ago åhUUo ho AmnUM Amnë`m Ñï>rbm \$gdrV AmhmoV, Ago Zmhr H$m
hmoV? VoWo H$mhrM Zmhr. Amnbo _wI Amnë`m OdiM AgyZhr AmnU
Ahmo _bm gm§Jm -
AmaemV Amnë`m S>moù`m§Zm \$gdrV AmhmoV. ^«m§VrV AS>H$Vmo AmhmoV -
Xn©UmÀ`m Am{Y eoIr & _wI AgVo{M Ago _wIr &
åhUmo{Z Ñí`m{M`o doio & Ñí` Ðï´>Ëdm doJi| &
_mOt Xn©U AdbmoH$s & AmZ H$m§hr hmo` &&26&&
dñVw_mÌ {Zèhmio & AmnUmnmer &&28&&
Xn©U hmVmV KoÊ`mAmYr Am{U Xn©U ~mOybm eoIr (R>odyZ {Xë`mda)
Ñí` àH$Q>o Voìhm§ Vo Ðï´>Ëdm doJo io AgVo. åhUOo Ðï´>Ëd Á`m AmË_ê$nm_wio
Ho$ë`mda hr; _wI OoWo AgVo VoWoM AgVo. _J Xn©UmV AdbmoH$Z Ho$ë`mZo
àH$Q>bo Am{U Ñí`ê$nmZo ZQ>bo `m XmoÝhr {R>H$mUr Ðï´>Ëd AWm©V OrdmË_eº$s
_wImV H$moUVm ^oX (\$aH$) Pmbm - AÝ` Ago H$m` Pmbo. Ñí`, Ñï>r
hr AmË_ê$nmnmgyZ doJir AgVo Am{U Ñí` Va `m XmoÝhrhÿZ {^Þ AgVo.
Am{U Ñï´>Ëd ZìhVo, Voìhm g§{d{Îm hmoVr. M¡VÝ` hmoVoM. Vo Ñí`, Ñï>r Am{U
Mm§JXodm, AmnU Ñí` AmhmV, Vo AmnUmV Ðï´>Ëd Amho åhUyZ. n§M^m¡{VH$
Ñï´>Ëd àH$Q>bo; Var Vo na_mË_VÎd Amho VoWoM Amho. Ñí`, Ñï>r Am{U
Ord Am{U ñd`§ñ\y$V© na_mË_m, EH$dQy>Z Ordê$nmZo ZQ>bm åhUyZ. Mm§JXod
Ñï´>Ëd Zmhrgo Pmë`mdahr; na_mË_VÎd Amho VoWoM {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma
ho Zmd Am{U Ë`m§Mm bm¡{H$H$ g§~§Y, `mnojm _mUyg àmUr åhUyZ Mm§JXod
Amho. {dœ àH$Q>Ê`mnydu, àH$Q>ë`mda Am{U {dœmMm b` Pmë`mda Vo
Am{U _mUwgnU hohr AmË_ê$nm_wio, åhUOo {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma Ago
na_kmZñdê$n VgoM A{dMb {Z{d©H$ma, gd©ì`mnr AgoM AZ§VnUo Amho.
AmË_ê$n, ñdm^m{dH$ ñ\w$aUm_wio _mUyg ZmdmMm Ord åhUyZ, AWm©V Ðï´>Ëd
åhUOoM -
54 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 55
åhUyZ àH$Q>bo Am{U bm¡{H$H$mV Mm§JXod ho Zm_m{^YmZ d Ë`m Zm_m{^YmZmgh Ab§H$mamV| Amb| & Var gmoZonU H$mB© Jobo &
bm¡{H$H$ ì`dhma, gmYH$, `moJr, {gÕ, Jwê$ B. Ago EHy$U Ñí` {Z_m©U H$s¨ H$_i \$m§H$bo & H$_iËdm _wio && km.A. 14-124 &&
Pmbo; na§Vw `m Ñí`mnmgyZ AmË_ê$n ñdV…À`mM ñdg§doÚVoZo Amnë`mVyZM H$s¨ {dê$T>bo`m Om|Yim & H${UgmMm {Zdm©im &
ñ\w$aboë`m Ðï´>çmMo, Ðï´>m åhUyZ Xe©Z KoVo Amho. AmË_ê$n ñdV…bmM ñdV… doMbm H$s¨ AmJim & {XgVgo && km.A. 14-126 &&
VQ>ñW amhÿZ, A{bá amhÿZ Ý`mhmiV Amho. Aer hr na_VÎdmMr brbm åhUmo{Z OJ nam¡V| & gmê${Z nm{hOo _mV| &
Amho. ho Va Ago Pmbo - V¡gm Zìho C{IV| & AmKd| _r{M && km.A. 14-127 &&
AmdS>rMo{Z doJ| & `oH$`oH$mV| {J{iVr Am§Jo & qH$dm-
H$s Û¡VmMo{Z nm§Jo & CJ{iVo AmhmVr && H$m§ ^y{_ Hw§$^ R>o{dOo & V¡ g§Hw$^Vm AmnOo &
(A_¥.A.n. {edeº$s g_mdoeZ, Amo.H«$. 3) Vmo Zo{b`m§ åh{UOo & VoU|drU && A_¥.A.4 kmZmkmZ ^oX H$WZ, Amo. 42&&
nar XmoÝhr ho ^mJ & Z {ed{V ^y_rM| Am§J &
_rM _mPm S>moim _rM eyÝ`mV {Zim & _mPm _r doJim V`m_Ü`| &&1&& Vo doit ^y{_ V¡g| Mm§J & MmoI O| AgUo & A_¥. kmZmkmZ ^oX H$WZ Amo. 43&&
C\$amQ>r Ñï>r bm{dVm§ Z`Zt & Vo Ñï>rMr dmUr qH$MV EoH$m &&2&&
C\$amQ>r Ñï>r XoIo CÝ_Zrdar & Voìhm§ {Z{d©H$mar _rM _J &&3&& åhUyZ ho bjmV ¿`m-
kmZXod åhUo Xohm S>moim§ {XR>r & nmhmVm§ gd© g¥{ï> {Zd¥{Îm EH$m &&4&& O| åhUVm§ Z`o H$m§ht & OmUmo Z`o H¡$go hr &
(g.g§.Jm. kmZXod Jm. A.H«$. 887 g§nm. S>m°. Jmogmdr) AgV{M Ago nmhr & AgUo O`m &&30&&
{ZOdñVw hr ñd^mdV… ñ\w$aU nmD$Z {d{dY ê$nmV ZQ>Vo; Var Ë`m {d{dY g§{d{Îm qH$dm na_mË_m Ago Oo H$mhr, Vo Zmhr Ago åhUVm `oV Zmhr.
ê$nmV XoIrb {ZË`, pñWa Am{U {Z{d©H$manUo amhmVo. Vr ê$nmV AgVo; Var Vo H$go Amho, Vo Zo_Ho$nUmZo OmUVmhr `oV Zmhr. na§Vw Ë`mMm AgbonUm
Vr ê$nmnmgyZ doJir Ho$db, {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma Am{U {Z{d©H$ma AgVo. Ogo - Ë`mbm AgVmoM ho bjmV R>do mdo. {ZJwU© , {ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma Aem na_mËå`mbm
ZmH$maVm Va `oV Zmhr nU Vmo H$gm Amho Vo OmUVm `oV Zmhr. Var Ë`mMr
dmÚ OmVo{dU Üd{Z & H$mï> OmVo{dU dÝhr & OmUrd hmoVoM. hoM Ë`mMo EH$b, EH$Q>o, A{ÛVr` Am{U AÛ¡V nU Amho.
V¡go {deof J«mgyZr & ñd`|{M Ago &&29&& Ogo-
dmÚ dmOV AgVm§Zm ÜdZr C_Q>Vmo nU dmÚ dmOV ZgVm§Zmhr, Vmo Omo gd© Zo{Udm§ Om{UOo & _m¡Zm{M`m {_R>r`m dm{ZOo &
ÜdZr AgVmoM. bmHy$S> OiV AgVm§Zm A¾r {XgVmo. Vgm bmHy$S> OiV H$m§htM Z hmo{Z Am{UOo & AmnUn`m§ Omo && km.A. 16 Amo.19 &&
ZgVm§Zmhr Vmo AgVmoM. Ë`mà_mUo gd© {deof dñVyV Ogm na_mË_m Agë`mMr
OmUrd Ë`m {deof dñVy§À`m àH$Q>ë`mZo OmUdVo; Vem gd© {deof dñVy àH$Q> Ahmo Vmo na_mË_m -
hmoV ZgVm§Zmhr, na_mË_m na_mËå`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr AgVmoM. Ë`m dñVy n«H$Q> AmË_m Am§Jo à{gÕ Xo{Ibm & A§V~m©ø A{bá ì`mnbm &&1&&
hmoVmV. Ë`m XoIrb Ë`m dñVy§À`m {R>H$mUr gwá ê$nmZo na_mË_m AgVmo Xo{IOog| Zmhr Xo{Ibm åhUVr H$mB© & XoIU| V| Xohr XoIVwgo &&2&&
åhUyZM. åhUOo Ë`m dñVy§À`m {R>H$mUr na_mË_m AgyZhr, Vmo nyU© A{bá énaoIm Zmht bjmdm H$dU| R>m`t & bjr b{jVm§hr naVë`m Ñï>r &&3&&
ñdg§doÚ, Ho$db, {Ma§VZ Am{U g{ƒXmZ§Xê$n AgVmo. Ogo kmZXod åhU| AmZ§X hmoB©b nyU© & AZw^d| Vo{M IwU XoIVgo &&4&&
(g.g§.Jm. km.Jm. A.H«$. 628, g§nm. S>m°. a. am. Jmogmdr)

56 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 57

 _mD$br kmZoœa AmUIr Ñï>m§V XoVmV - Oo R>mB©M OmUU|{M H$s¨ (Amho) VoWo ZoUUo H$m` Vo ZmhrM. ho Iao Var
OmUyZ ¿`m`Mo åhUyZhr H$go OmUmdo? na~«÷ñdê$n ho nyU© kmZê$n Agë`mZo,
Amnw{b`m ~w~wim & Ñï>r Agmo{Z AI_ S>moim &
VoWo AkmZ H$go Vo ZmhrM. na§Vw Ë`m nyU©kmZê$n AdñWobm nmohmoMboë`m,
V¡gm AmË_kmZr Xþ~im & kmZê$n Omo &&31&& AÛ¡V ñdê$n Pmboë`m, `mo½`mbm, Ë`m AÛ¡V Aem nyU©kmZ ñdê$nmMo, g§doXZ
Amnw{b`m AI_ S>moim ~w~wim, Ñï>r Agmo{Z, ~w~wimbm S>moim nmhVm OmUdV Agbo; Var dU©Z Ho$di AeŠ`M hmo`. `mH$[aVm -
`oV Zmhr. H$maU Vmo ñdV…M Ñï>rê$n AgVmo åhUyZ Vmo ñdV…bm nmhm`bm
`m bmJr _m¡Z|{M ~mo{bOo & H$m§hr Z hmo{Z gd© hmoB©Oo &
Xþ~im R>aVmo. V¡gm Omo AmË_kmZr, kmZê$n Pmbobm Agë`mZo, Ë`mbm Vo
AmË_kmZ (Ago ì`{º$_Îd) qH$dm kmZ, nmhÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV Vmo Xþ~imM ZìhVm§ bm{hOo & H$m§hrM Zmht &&33&&
R>aVmo. ñdV… AÛ¡V Pmë`mda Ë`mbm AmnboM ê$n H$go nmhmVm `oB©b? ho Mm§JXodm, nyU©kmZê$n, na_mË_m qH$dm na~«÷ ho eãXm§À`m n{bH$S>o
na_kmZmbm na_kmZ H$go nmhVm `oUma? åhUyZ Ë`mÀ`m A§J^yV Agboë`m AgVo. åhUyZ eãX_mJwVo gmê$ZM ~mobmdo. AWm©V AÛ¡V AdñWoV AmË__¾
ñd`§ñ\w$aUmÀ`m `moJmZo ñdV… {Z{d©H$ma amhÿZhr g¥ï>rê$nmV ZQ>Vmo Am{U AdñWoMm AWm©V gdm©Ë_H$ AdñWoMm, AZw^d KoUoM {e„H$ amhVo. Vo
g¥ï>rê$nmV ñdV…bm AZw^dV AgVm§Zmhr VmoM g¥ï>rê$n Pmë`mZo, g¥ï>rMo g{ƒXmZ§Xê$n qH$dm nyU©kmZñdê$n, EH$b, EH$Q>o Ago g§do{XV hmoV am{hbo;
ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n, AmË_kmZmZo nmhVm§Zmhr, ñdV… _mÌ {Z{d©H$ma hmoVmo. åhUOo Var VoM {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma Var ñd`§ñ\y$V© ñd^mdmZo gdm©Ë_H$
ho Mm§JXodm, kmZmbm kmZ Amho, `mMr; S>moù`mbm S>moim Amho `mMr; AWm©V Agë`mMm AZw^d H$aVo. Vo kmZñdê$n {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma Agë`mZo
Ñï>r Amho `mMr; OmUrd g§do{XV hmoD$Zhr, Vmo Ë`mMo ñdê$n nmhÿ eH$V Vo VQ>ñWnUo AgVo. ho Iao åhUOo Vo "H$m§ht Z hmo{Z ho Iao'; Var ñd`§ñ\w$aU
Zmhr. dU©Z H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr, H$maU _wirM Ë`mV {Z{d©H$maVm, {ZJw©UVm, hm Ë`mMm ñWm`r^md Agë`mZo VoM gd© {dœê$n Aem g¥ï>r ê$nmZo AWm©V,
{ZamH$maVm Amho. OmUrd hmoVo, Vr ñdV… gV²{MXmZ§Xê$n Amho `mMr. na§Vw gd©nUmZo ZQ>bobo AgVo. åhUOoM H$emVM ZìhVm. ({bá Z hmoVm) hr gd©
Vo åhUOo H$m`; ho dU©Z H$aÊ`mMo, Û¡V Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr `oD$M eH$V Zmhr. bm{hOo (gdm©Ë_H$ Agmdo) Var Vo kmZê$n åhUOo Ñï> {dœê$n Zmhr.
hoM Ë`mMo Ho$dbËd Amho. ømMmhr AZw^d ¿`mdm. EH$àH$mao Ë`m na_M¡VÝ`mMm ñd^md M¡VÝ`_`VoZo
Amnwbo{Z OmUnU| & AmnU`mV| OmUm| ZoU| & ñd`§ñ\y$V©nUo, àH$Q> hmoÊ`mMm Agbm Var Vo M¡VÝ` R>m`rM _mÌ, {ZJw©U,
S>moù`m Amnwbo nmhU| & XþdmS> O¡g| & A_¥. A. 6 eãX I§S>Z Amo. 88&& {ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma Ago gV² {MV² AmZ§X ñdê$n Amho. `mMo g§doXZ `m
qH$dm _m¡ZmVrb AmË_qMVZmV KS>Vo. `mMmM AW© Agm H$s, na_mË_m Am{U
Amagm Amnw{b`o & Am§Jr AmnUm nmho & A§VamË_m `m XmoÝhr ñdê$nmV, gV²{MV²AmZ§Xñdê$n, H¡$dë`, {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma,
V¢ OmUU| OmUm| bmho & AmnU`mV| && A_¥. A. 6 eãX I§S>Z Amo. 89&& {Z{d©H$ma Amho; `mMm _m¡Z qMVZmV AZw^d H$amdm. kmZr nwéf Aem
nyU©kmZ AdñWoV, Xohr {dXohr AdñWm ^moJÊ`mMo gm_Ï`© àmá H$aVmo Voìhm
ho `moJramO Mm§JXodm, Ë`m_wioM na~«÷ñdê$n, H$moUË`m àH$mao, `moJr Ë`mMm Ñí` MamMa {dœmVbm Ah§H$ma nyU©V… gm§S>bobm AgVmo. `mMr
AWdm kmZr gmYH$m§Zr OmUmdo; hm àý AmË_qMVZmMm Amho. Ago nmhm - OmUrdhr Ë`mbm ZgVo. åhUyZM Vmo nyU©V… _m¡ZnUoM ~mobVmo. (ñdg§doÚVm
Oo OmUU|{M H$s¨ R>mB© & ZoUU| H$sa Zmhr & ^moJVmo) Aer CÝ_Z AdñWm nyU©kmZr nwéfmbm `m{M Xohr {dXohr hmoD$Z,
n[a OmUU| åhUmo{Z`m§ hr & OmUU| H¡$Mo &&32&& ^moJÊ`mMr AZw^yVr `oVo. Ogo -

58 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 59

Am{X_Ü` A§V VwO_m{O q~~o & ~«÷r ~«÷ Wm§~o bdU Oir &&1&& O| H$moUmMo ZìhVo {Z AgU| & Oo H$moUmM| ZìhVm§ {XgUo &
V¡g| Pmb| kmZm CÝ_Zr CbWm & n«n§M MiWm CS>m{b`m &&2&& H$moUmM| ZìhVm§ ^moJU| & Ho$di Omo &&36&&
[aJw {ZiJw H$mO Omb| VwPo Ka & AdKm{M g§gma H$ibm Amåhm &&3&&
Jmoß` JwOamO C_Obo h[a & {Xgo Aä`§Var AmË_mam_ &&4&& Omo Ho$di AWm©V nyU©kmZñdê$n Pmbm, Vmo H$moUmMm ZgyZhr gdmªMm
Z {Xg{g kmZm Xoht VwÂ`m am_ & KoVbm {dlm_ Eog| {Xgo &&5&& AgVmo, H$moUmMm ZgVm§Zmhr, gdmªZm AmnbmM Amho, Agm {XgVmo. AWm©V
{Zd¥{Îm {Zdm§V g_ag| nmhmV & AdKm{M {XgV Xoht {dXohr &&6&& AZw^dmg `oVmo. Vr H$moUË`mhr ê$nmV ZQy>Zhr Ë`mnojm doJim AgVmo. Var Vo
(g.g§.Jm. km.Jm. A.H«$. 624, g§nm. S>m°. Jmogmdr a. am.) ê$nhr VmoM ^moJV AgVmo. Ago Vmo gdmªV AgyZ, gd© Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr
AgyZ, Vmo H$moUmVM ZgVmo; Var Vmo Ho$dbnUo gd© ^moJVmo. Ë`mMo Ago hmoVo
g_ag Pmbm AWm©V kmZñdê$n Pmbm H$s {Zdm§V AdñWm, AWm©V H$s -
_m¡ZmdñWm àmá hmoV.o VoWrb AmË_g§dmX hm eãXodrU Xohr AgyZhr {dXohrnUmZo
KS>Vmo. Ogo - Amnwbo{Z g_ranU| & doëhmdVr qdOUo &
H$s _mWo{M Mm§\o$nU| & ~hH$VmVr &&2&& A_¥.A.9 Or_wX Amo.2
ZmZm ~moYm{M`o gmo`[aHo$ & gmMnU OoUo EHo$ & {Oìhm bmoYbr ag| & H$_i gy`©nU| {dH$meo &
ZmZm H$„moi _m{iHo$ & nmUr Oodr && 34 && MH$moa{M O¡go & M§Ð_m Pmbo &&3&& A_¥.A.9 Or_wX Amo.3
ZmZm àH$mamZo ~moY g_OyZ KoVbm Var gË` EH$M AgVo. Ogo "EH§$ \w$b|{M Omit ^«_a & VéUrMr Pmbr Za &
gV {dàm ~hþYm dX§Vr' qH$dm Á`mà_mUo nmÊ`mda H$„moim§À`m ZmZm _m{bH$m Omi| Amnwbo eoOma & {ZÐmiw{M &&4&& A_¥.A.9 Or_wX Amo.4
àH$Q>ë`m Var nmUr nmUrM AgVo; Vgo nyU©kmZ ñdê$nmdñWobm {dœñdê$n V¡go ^mo½` Am{U ^moº$m & {Xgo Am{U XoIVm &
ZQ>boë`m AdñWoMo g§doXZ hmoD$Zhr; na~«÷ {ZîH$m_ AWm©V {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, ho gaio AÛ¡Vm & A\w$Q>m _mOr &&7&& A_¥.A.9 Or_wX Amo.7
{Z{d©H$ma Agë`mMmM AmË_ê$nmer AZw^d KS>Vmo. Ahmo, nyU©kmZrnU Ago Agë`mMm AmË_mZw^d `oVmo Iam. Ë`mV ho Mm§JXodm
Amnbo Eoœ`© Ho$ìhT>o nmhm -
Oo Xo{IOV| {dU & EH$b| XoIV|nU &
h| Agmo AmnUr`m AmnU & AmnU{M O| &&35&& V`m nwÌ Vy§ dQ>oœamMm & adm O¡gm H$mnwamMm &
{dϐ$nmZo ZQ>bb
o o AgyZhr Oo Vmo ZQ>bno Um nmhmÊ`mn{bH$S>o EH$bonUmMo Mm§J`m, _O VwO AmnU `mMm & ~moi EHo$ &&37&&
XoIVonU (AZw^d) ^moJVmo; H$maU {dœê$nmZo ZQ>bonUmgh, Vo na~«÷ VÎd, AmnU Va àË`j na~«÷, nyU©kmZñdê$n Aem dQ>oœam§Mo nwÌ AmhmV.
gd© H$mhr Amnbo Amnë`mV Agë`mMo g§doXZ ^moJVo. nyU©kmZr nwéfmbmhr Vo åhUOo Ago; H$mnwamMm adm (H$U) hr H$mnyaM AgVmo Voìhm AmnUhr
gd©Ì ^ê$Z Caboë`m na~«÷m§MmM ñdV…V, AmË_mam_ Xe©ZmMm AZw^d `oVmo. nyU©kmZñdê$n, na~«÷ Ago AÛ¡V {gÕ AmhmV. Amnë`mbm _mPm ~mob
Am{U XohmMm AWm©V {dœê$nmMm Ah§H$ma Zmhrgm hmoD$Z; {gÕ, {ZJw©U, åhUOo, AmnbmM ~mob AmnUM EoH$Vmo Ago KS>ob åhUOo AmnU Am{U
{ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma Aer AdñWm àmá hmoVo. _m`m Am{U ñd`§ñ\w$aUhr _r `mV nyU©kmZñdê$n Aem AmnUmÀ`m {R>H$mUr ^oX g§^dV Zmhr. åhUOo
AmË_mZ§XmV {dbrZ hmoD$Z; Ho$di AgdgoMr g§doXZm àH$meVo. Oo ewÕ _mPo Oo ho ~mobUo Amho; Vo Amnë`m d _mÂ`m Aem EH$mM AmË_ñdê$nm{df`r
nyU©kmZê$n Amho Vo VX²ê$n Pmë`mda Ë`mbm, OmUyZ KoÊ`mMo kmZ amhmVM ~mobUo Amho. åhUOo AmnU AmnboM _m¡ZmVrb nyU©kmZñdê$n ^moJUo,
Zmhr.

60 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 61

_mÂ`m _wImZo ~mobdyZ; EoH$V AmhmV; Agm hm AZw^d Amho. åhUOo, ho Zmhr; H$maU Vm|S>mMr eº$s _`m©{XV R>aob. Vgm AmnUm Xmohm|Mm ñZoh Amho.
~mobUo, hm Va AmnbmM AmË_g§dmX Amho. åhUOo - nañnam§Zm g_OyZ KoUoM, AmVm eãXmV dU©Z H$aÊ`mgmaIo qH$dm _wImZo
gm§JÊ`mgmaIo am{hbo Zmhr. `m ñZohmbm H¡$dë`mMr AWm©V AmË_ê$nmMr
kmZXodmo åhUo & VwO _mPm ~mob EoH$U| &
_`m©Xm Amho. Iao Va AmnUmg ^oQ>Ê`mÀ`m CÔoemZo {ZKmbmo Voìhm§ -
V| VihmVm Vit {_R>r XoU| & O`mn[a &&38&&
gI`m VwPo{Z CÔoe| & ^oQ>md`m Ord Cëhmgo &
_r, kmZXod Va Ago åhUVmo; H$s AmnU _mPo ~mob EoH$Uo; åhUOo
AmË_ñdê$nmZo, AmË_ñdê$nmMo ~mobUo EoH$Ê`mgmaIo Amho. H$maU AmnU H$s¨ {gÕ ^oQ>r {dgHw$go & Eo{e`m {~ho &&42&&
Am{U _r, Amnbo C^`Vm§Mo AmË_ñdê$n dmñV{dH$ EH$M Amho. åhUOo ho gI`m, Mm§JXodm, Amnë`mbm ^oQ>Ê`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ord Cëhmgbm
XmoKohr na~«÷ñdê$nM AmhmoV. åhUyZ Vo Amnbo ~mobUo åhUOo VihmVmZo hmoVm, AmVya Pmbmo hmoVmo; _mÌ AmnUmgma»`m {gÕ nwéfmbm ^oQ>mdo Var
VihmVmbm AmqbJZ XoÊ`mgmaIo Amho åhUOo AmnUM Amnë`mbm AmqbJZ H$go; ({dgHw$go) H$moUË`m àH$mao `m e§Ho$Zo _r {~hrV hmoVmo. åhUOo Ago
{Xë`mgmaIo Amho - åhUOo - hmoD$ bmJo; H$s -
~mob|{M ~mob Eo{H$Oo & ñdmX|{M ñdmX Mm{IOo & Kodm| nmh| VwP| Xe©Z & Vd ê$nm `odm| nmho _Z &
H$m§ C{OdS>o Xo{IOo & C{OS>m Oodr &&39&& VoW| Xe©Zm hmo` AdOVZ & Eog| J_m| bmJ| &&43&&
~mobmZo ñdV…M ñdV…Mo ~mob EoH$mdo qH$dm n¹$mÞmZo ñdV…M ñdV…Mm Amnbo Xe©Z KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$ê$ bmJbo H$s; _Z AmË_ê$nmV _¾
ñdmX ¿`mdm qH$dm COoS>mZoM COoS> nmhmdm Ago Pmbo. Xþgè`m eãXmV hmoB©, VgoM ñdV…À`m Xoh~wÕrMmhr {dMma `oB©. AmË_ê$n _Z Pmbo; H$s
gm§Jm`Mo Va - AmnU Am{U _r doJim Zmhr; Ago dmQy>Z Amnbo Xe©Z AmngwH$M _ZmV
hmoB©. Xoh~wÕrZo Amnbr ^oQ> KoÊ`mg CËgwH$ hmoVmZm; _mPo bhmZJo ê$n
gmo{Z`m daH$b gmoZ| O¡gm & H$m _wIm_wI hmo Am[agm &
AmR>do. dmQ>o AmnU Mm¡Xmeo df} `moJgm_Ï`m©Zo OJbmV, {gÕnXmbm JobmV,
_O VwO g§dmX V¡gm & MH«$nmUr &&40&& àË`j H$mimbmhr ~m§YboV; Aem Amnë`m {damQ> {d^y{V_ÎdmMo Xe©Z H$go
gmoÝ`mbm gmoÝ`mMmM _wbm_m (daH$b) Úmdm qH$dm _wImZoM _wImMm ¿`mdo; Agm àý nS>o. Ago Xe©Z ho AdOVZ AWm©V CÕQ>nUm Va hmoUma
Amagm ìhmdo; Vgo ho MH«$nmUr, hm Amnbm Am{U _mÂ`mVbm g§dmX Amho. Zmhr Zm? Agm {dH$ën _ZmV `oB©. na§Vw Ooìhm§ AmË_ê$nmZo {dMma _ZmV `oB©
åhUOoM hm Ho$di AmË_ñdê$nmMm AmË_g§dmX Amho. nyU©kmZ_` AdñWo_wio Voìhm§ AmnU Am{U kmZXod, ho EH$M AmË_ê$n Amho; _J Xe©Z H$moUmMo
Vy Am{U _r hm ^oXM Zmhrgm Pmbm AgyZ; g{ƒXmZ§Xê$nmMo g§doXZ, ¿`m`Mo? Agm àý nS>o. Ë`m_wio Amnë`m Xe©ZmMr _mÂ`m _ZmVrb BÀN>m,
Amnë`m AmË_g§dmXmVyZ KS>V Amho. hr AdñWm åhUOo g\$bM hmoV Zmhr Ago dmQ>o. Amnbo Xe©Z AmË_ê$nmdñWoV KoÊ`mMm Cëhmg
{Z_m©U Pmbm Va -
Jmo{S>`o Amnbr JmoS>r & KoVm§ H$m` Z _m`o Vm|S>r &
Amåhm§ nañna| AmdS>r & Vmo nmSy> Ago &&41&& Aao Aao kmZm Pmbm{g nmdZ & VwPo§ VwO Ü`mZ H$imo Amb| &&1&&
VwPm Vy§qM Xod VwPm Vy§qM ^md & {\$Q>bm g§Xoh AZÝ` VÎdr &&2&&
AmË_ñdê$nmÀ`m Ñï>rZo Amnë`m Xmohm|Mr AÛ¡V AdñWm {Z_m©U Pmbr _waSy>{Z`m§ _Z CnObm{g {MÎmo & H$moR>| VwO [aV| Z {Xgo a`m &&3&&
Amho. åhUyZ JmoS>rZoM JmoS>r MmIm`bm gwédmV Ho$br Va Vr Vm|S>mV _mdUmaM XrnH$s¨ XrnH$ _mdië`m Á`moVr & Ka^ar dmVr eyÝ` Pmë`m &&4&&

62 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 63

d¥ÎmrMr {Zd¥{Îm AmnU gH$Q> & AdK|Mr d¡Hw§$R> MVw^w©O &&5&& nm{U`mMm _mOr bdU [aKmo{Z Jobo Wmdmo; Voìhm§, nmhm, Ë`mMr
{Zd¥{Îm na_mZw^d Zo_m & em§{V nyU© j_m kmZXodmo &&6&& AdñWm Oer hmoVo Ë`mMo _mn OimÀ`m {R>H$mUr nmhVm `oVo H$m? Vgo
(g.g§.Jm. km.Jm. A.H«$. 245 g§nm. S>m°. Jmogmdr a. am.) OrdmË_m AmË_ñdê$n Pmbm H$s, _rR> Ogo Obê$nM hmoVo, Vgo OrdmË_m
Aer pñWVr ìhmdr! ho Mm§JXodm, Amnë`mVrb, AmË_ñdê$n pñWVr_wio {ÛÎm AmË_ê$nM hmoVmo. Iao Va OrdmË_m AmË_ê$nM AgVmo. OrdmÀ`m {R>H$mUr
hanbo. Ë`m_wio Amnë`m§er H$m` ~mobmdo; H$m` ~moby Z`o; Agm H$ën (n§M^m¡{VH$ AmH$mamÀ`m {R>H$mUr) Ë`mbm OrdmË_m hr CnmYr bmJVo.
{Z_m©U Pmbm. AmË_ñdê$n Pmë`mda Ë`mbm AmË_ñdê$nmMo _yë` `oVo.

H$m§hr H$at ~mobo H$ënr & H$m§ Z H$ar Z ~mobo H$ënr && V¡g| VwO AmË_`mV| nmhr & XoImo Jo{b`m _r{M Zmht &
`o XmoÝhr Vw{P`m ñdê$nt & Z Ko{V C_gy &&44&& VoW| Vy H¡$Mm H$mB© & H$ënmd`m OmoJm &&47&&
ho Mm§JXodm, `moJramOm, AmnU AmVm H$mhr H¥$Vr H$amdr qH$dm H$mhr Ë`mà_mUo Amnë`m AmË_ê$nmÀ`m {R>H$mUr EH$ê$n hmoD$Z; _r _bm
~mobmdo hr H$ënZm H$aVmo qH$dm H$mhr H¥$Vr qH$dm ~mobUo hmoUma Zmhr, Aer emoYy bmJbmo, Va Amnë`m AmË_ê$nmVM _mPo _rnU {dê$Z Jobobo Amho.
H$ënZm Ho$br Var AmnU Am{U _r Amnë`m (VwPr`m) ñdê$nrM Agë`mZo Ë`m_wio _mPo AmË_ê$n JdgoZm. _J VoWo AmnU, Mm§JXod åhUyZ Var H$go
"Z Ko{V C_gy' (`mo½` R>aUma Zmhr) Amnë`mVrb `m AmË_ñdê$n AÛ¡Vm_wio Agmb? H$maU AmË_ê$nmÀ`m {R>H$mUr H$moUmMrhr H$ënZmM H$aVm `oV
~mobUo, H¥$Vr H$aUo qH$dm Z ~mobUo Z H¥$Vr H$aUo `m Jmoï>tZm, Vgm H$mhrM Zmhr. _J Amnbr Var H$ënZm H$er H$m` H$aVm `oUma? Ago nmhm AmË_ñdê$n,
AW© Zmhr; H$maU AmË_ê$nmV brZ Pmë`mZo Ago {dH$ën amhmVM ZmhrV. EH$b, EH$Q>o {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma, A{bá Ago AgVo. _J OrdmË_m
AmË_ê$n Pmë`mda Ë`mMo doJionU H$go ~ao OmUdob. Ogo -
Mm§J`m VwPo{Z Zm§do & H$aU| Z H$aU| Z ìhmd| &
AmH$ma ny{OVm§ {ZamH$ma Omb| & eyÝ`r ~wS>mb| ~mB©`mZmo &&1&&
h| H$m` åhUm|, n[a Z Yado & _r nU ho &&45&& eyÝ`mMm A§Hy$a eyÝ` \$ib| & ì`mo_mH$ma Omb| _Z VoW| &&2&&
AmË_ñdê$n Pmë`m_wio, bm¡{H$H$mVrb Ah§H$maM Zmhrgm Pmbm Amho. VoW| \$i Zm S>mi OmqV Zm Hw$i & dQ>oœa Mm§Jm Ombm {Z_yi &&3&&
Ë`m_wio ho Mm§JXodm, Vw_À`m Mm§JXod `m n«{gÕrg AZwgê$Z Ho$bo Am{U Ho$bo (g§.g.Jm. Mm§JXodm§Mo A^§J A.H«$. 31 g§nm. S>m°. Jmogmdr)
Zmhr, øm {df`r H$m` åhUmdo? g_Om åhQ>bo Var "n[a Z Yado' Vo ho Mm§JXodm, Ago ~Km -
AmË_pñWVrbm `mo½` R>aUma Zmhr. H$maU Vgo åhUUo åhUOo Vo "_r nU'
hmoB©b. Omo CnmYrMm _rnUm Amho, Vmo AmË_VÎdmer Zmhrgm Pmbm Amho. Ad¿`m ~mht å`m ì`mo_ H$d{ib| & AdKm§ öX`t Aén Y[ab| &&1&&
H$maU AmnU Am{U _r EH$ê$nM Pmbmo AmhmoV. Am{U `mhr n{bH$S>o AdKonU| _r Ë`mMrM Omb| & V|{M nmdb| VXmH$ma| &&2&&
AmnU EdT>o Wmoa AmhmV, H$s Amnë`mbm na_mË_ñdê$n H$m` gm§Jmdo? Iao H$m§ht Zhmo{Z`m§ H$m§ht EH$ Ombo & AdKm{M emo{ebm ~«÷agw &&3&&
Va AmnUM na_mË_ñdê$n AmhmV. AmË_ñdê$n Pmë`mda AdKo Û¡VM aIw_mXo{ddê$ AdKm{M Y[abm & AdKm{M {J{ibm AdKonU| &&4&&
Zmhrgo hmoVo. Ogo - (g.g§.Jm. km.Jm. A.H«$. 601 g§nm. S>m°. Jmogmdr)
bdU nm{U`mMm Wmdmo & _m{O [aKmo{Z Job| nmhmo & na§Vw ho Mm§JXodm,
V§d V|{M Zmht _m H$m` Kodmo & _mn Oim &&46&& Or OmJmo{Z ZrX XoIo & Vmo XoIUonUm O|{d _wHo$ &

64 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 65

V|{d Vy§Vo XoImo{Z _r R>mHo$ & H$m§ht Z hmo{Z &&48&& H$mimoImZo PmH$miVmo BVHo$M. Ë`mÀ`m _mUyg AgÊ`mda _mÌ H$mimoImMmhr
n[aUm_ hmoV Zmhr. H$mim _mUyg {XgV Zmhr Ago åhUUo; ho _rnUmZo
OmJo AgyZ {ZÐoMo gm|J KoUmam Ogm XoIUonUmbm (kmZmbm) _wH$Vmo,
AkmZde Ago {dYmZ hmoB©b. A§Yma Agmo H$s COoS> Agmo `m {dH$mam§Mm
Ë`mà_mUo Amnë`mbm nmhÿZhr _r {Zdm§V am{hbmo; Va H$mhrM KS>Uma Zmhr.
{ZË` Aem M¡VÝ`VÎdmda H$moUVmhr n[aUm_ hmoV Zmhr. H$maU Vo Va {ZJw©U
AmnU àË`j AmË_ñdê$n AmhmV, ho H$iyZhr; _r AmË_ñdê$nmMm AZw^d
{ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma Amho. VoM gd©Ì AgyZhr, gdmªVyZ A{bá {Z{d©H$ma
KoVbm Zmhr; Va H$mhrM hmoUma Zmhr. _r S>moio AgyZ Am§Yim R>aob. VgoM
Amho. Vo Amho Am{U Zmhr Agm dmX AkmZde AgVmo. AmnU Xohmgº$sZo
OmJonUmZo {ZÐm H$er nmhVm `oUma? Vgo H$obo Va {ZÐmhr Zmhr Am{U
Ago H$arV AgVmo. Ogo-
OmJonUmMmhr AZw^d H$aVm `oUma Zmhr. PmonoMm XoIUonUm AWm©V PmonoVrb
{dlm§Vr gwIhr hadyZ OmB©b Am{U OmJonUmMo kmZgwIhr hadob. ho Mm§JXodm V|dr Vw§Vo _r {Jdgr & VoW| Vy§nU _rnU|gr &
"Vy§Vo XoImo{Z _r R>mHo$' Ago Ho$bo; Va Amnë`m AmË_ñdê$nmMm AZw^d CIVo nS>o J«mgr & ^oQ>r{M Cao &&50&&
¿`m`bmM nmaIm hmoB©Z. AmnU Va {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, AmË_ñdê$n; Aer
nmhmUmam Ogm H$mimoImV Z {XgUmè`m _mUgmMm emoY KoVmo Vgm _r
AÛ¡V AZw^yVr H$arV AmhmV. Vo AZw^dUo hoM _mPo H$V©ì` hmo`. åhUyZM
O|ìhm Amnë`mbm {Jdgy bmJbmo (emoYy bmJbmo); Va VoWo VynU åhUOoM
_bm AmË_ñdê$nmMmM AZw^d ¿`m`bm hdm. AmnU Va Ho$di kmZñdê$n
_rnU Amho; Ago bjmV Ambo. AWm©V Vy Am{U _r XmoZ ZmhrVM Ago
AmhmV, _J Ë`mMm AZw^d _r Ah§nUmZo H$gm ¿`mdm? _bmhr kmZñdê$nmZo
bjmV Ambo. Ñí` Am{U Ðï´>m XoIrb EH$ê$nM Agë`mMo bjmV `oVo.
Vo AZw^dmdo bmJob. A§YmamV COoS> AgUo eŠ` Zmhr qH$dm COoS>mV A§Yma
_mPonU VwPonUmV {daKiyZ Jobo, H$s VwPonU _mPonUmV {daKiyZ Jobo,
{XgUma Zmhr. Var XoIrb Ë`mVrb AmË_ñdê$n Ë`m COoS>mV Am{U A§YmamVhr
H$ioM Zm! OUy CIVo nS>o J«mgr. OUy CImoZr (C^`Vm§Zr) nañnam§Mm J«mg
AgVoM Zm? Ë`mda A§Yma qH$dm COoS>mMm H$mhr n[aUm_ hmoV Zmhr. Ogo -
KoVbm Amho. nañna, nañnañdê$n Pmbo AmhoV Am{U ^oQ> Oer EH$ê$nVoZo
Am§YmamMo R>mB© & gy`©àH$me V§d Zmhr & OmUdVo Vgo C^` nañnam§Zm ^oQ>bo. ZÚm§À`m g§J_mà_mUo nañnam§Mm g§J_
nar _r Amh| ho H$m§hr Z & dMo{M Ooqd &&49&& Pmbm. Cabr \$º$ ^oQ>. AWm©V AmË_ñdê$n. ^oQ> åhUOo Amnbo A^oXÎd,
AÛ¡V VoìhT>oM amhrb. Ogo -
Ago nmhm _r qH$dm dñVyMm AZw^d A§YmamV qH$dm COoS>mVhr dmñVd
ê$nmZo `oVmo. hm§, ho Iao, A§YmamV gy`©àH$me Zmhr Am{U gy`©àH$memV A§Yma S>moù`mMo ^y{_Ho$ & S>moim {MÌ hmo` H$m¡VwH|$ &
ZgVmo. gy`©àH$memV dñVw_mÌ Ñí` hmoVo Am{U A§YmamV Vo PmH$moibo OmVo, Am{U VoU|{M Vmo XoIo & Z S>§S>{iVm &&51&&
A§YmamZo J«ñV hmoVo, na§Vw Vo Va AgVo VoWoM pñWa AgVo. EImXr H$mir dñVw
S>moù`mÀ`m ^y{_Ho$Zo {XgUmao {MÌ, H$m¡VwH$mMm {df` Pmbm AgVm§ZmM,
Va A§YmamVM JS>n Pmë`mgmaIr dmQ>Vo. na§Vw Vr dñVw AgVoM Zm? \$º$
S>moim S>§S>{iVm AZoH$ {MÌm§Mo {d{MÌ ^mg hmoVmV - AWm©V MmoiVm§Zm
Ñï>r^«_ Pmbobm AgVmo, EdT>oM. hoM nmhm -
~w~wimda Xm~ nS>ë`mZo, H$Yr XmoZXmoZ Ñí`o, XmoZ dñVy {Xgy bmJVmV. VmoM
H$m§ H$mim amho H$midIm & Vmo AmnUm Zm Am{UH$m§ & MmoiUo Wm§~dbo H$s g_moaMo, pñWa gw§Xa {MÌ Amho VgoM Amho, Ago bjmV
Z MmoOdo Vèhr Am{gH$m & hm _r ~mUo && `oVo. Vo pñWa Am{U {ZË` Amho ho bjmV `oVo. MmoiVm§Zm doJimM AZw^d
(A_¥. A. 4, kmZmkmZ ^oX H$WZ Amo. 36) `oVmo Iam; nU MmoiUo Wm§~bo Var, Ðï´>m Am{U Ñí` Am{U S>moim `m§Mo
H$mimoImV H$mim _mUyg BVam§Zm {Xgbm Zmhr Var Vmo VoWo AgVmoM. EH$Ëd H$m`_M AgVo. S>moim H$mhr AZoH$ ê$no YmaU H$arV Zmhr. jU^a

66 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 67

Oar _Zmbm Ah§H$ma Pmbm qH$dm _m`oV AS>H$bmo Var AmË_ê$nmMo Xe©Z Var "CnOVm Jmoï>r' AWm©V AmË_ñdê$n CnObo, H$s Ñï>rMr \$mQ>m\y$Q> hmoV
{dM{bV hmoVo. ^«m_H$Vm `oVo. _r Am{U Vy ^oXhr dmQy> bmJVmo. na§Vw Zmhr. _r Am{U Vy Ago n¥WH$nU amhmV Zmhr. Ver Amnbr Am{U _mPr
AmË_ê$n H$mhr _r Am{U Vy Ago doJio hmoV Zmhr. Ah§H$mamZo VmËH$m{bH$ ^oQ> dada jU^a XmoZ Ordm§Mr ^oQ> Amho Ago dmQ>bo; Var `oWo AmË_ñdê$n
^m§~dbonU `oVo Iao. øm ^m§~mdbonUm_wi,o ^«_bonU `oV.o åhUyZM AmË_ê$nmda pñWVrV _r Vy nUmÀ`m Ah§H$mamn{bH$S>o, AÛ¡V ñdê$nmV hr ^oQ> Amho.
bj H|${ÐV ìhm`bm hdo. Ogo - AmVm _r Am{U Vy hr Ah§H$ma`wº$ CnmYr, doJir à{V{ð>V AdñWm nañnam§Mm
Xod Amho O¡go V¡gm ZoUdo ghgm & ^m§~mdbm H¡$gm {dœOZw && J«mg AmË_ñdê$nmV KS>ë`mZo ZwgVr "^oQ>' ZmdmMr AdñWm, AWm©V Ho$di
V`m ê$n Zm aoIm b` Zm bjU & Vo à{V_| AmUyZ dmgZm ê$n| &&1&& AÛ¡V AdñWm {Z_m©U Pmbr Amho. hm `m ^oQ>rMm AZwdmX AWm©V AW©
XoIm gd©JV {Zamim AÛ¡V & V`m _y{V©_§V Ü`m` OZw && bjmV KoD$Z; AmË_ê$n, KmoiKmoiy (gM¡bnUo) n[anyU©nUo; AmnU C^`Vm,
{Vht Xodm{g Amê$ OoWw{Z {dñVmê$ & Vmo Üd{Z Am|H$mê$ Ë`m Amê$ && _r, Vy nUm Q>mHy$Z; ^moJrV AmhmoV. Ogo -
AmVm§ Vmo ZmX Zm q~Xþ H$mim Zm N>§Xþ & Aj` na_mZ§Xþ gXmo{XVw &&2&& {dkmZmM| kmZ AkmZt KZdQ> & kmZ| AkmZ ZrQ> bm{dbo {Xgo &&1&&
AdVao V¡gmM Zìho hmo` V| Z g§^do & Amho V| AmKd| bmKd a`m && _r Vy§ ho _mV hanb| Ñï>m§V & öX`t öX`ñW {ZOVoO| &&Y«w&&
Vmo `oH$Q> EH$bm aMbm Zm doMbm & Am{XA§Vt g§Mbm AZ§VnUo && gmH$ma {ZamH$ma eyÝ`meyÝ` {XR>m & ê$nr ê$ndmQ>m h[a _mPm &&2&&
n¥Ïdr Amn VoO dm`w AmH$me & ht gH$ihr hmanVr ài`m§Vt && ~mnaIw_mXo{ddê$ öX`ñW KQ>t & q~~mo{Z C\$amQ>r H$im {Xgo &&3&&
Vmo {ZaeyÝ` {Zén_ {Za§OZ {Zdm©U & Vo Xem nmfmU H|$ {d nmdVr &&3&& (g.g§.Jm. km.Jm. A.H«$. 21 g§nm. S>m°. Jmogmdr a. am.)
nmhVm§ `m S>moim§ n[a Z {Xgo H$m§hr Ho$ë`m & ì`mnw{Z`m§ R>obm ~m{hOw ^rVar && qH$dm ho H$go Pmbo nmhm -
Vmo nXqnS>mAVrVw ^d^mda{hVw & ~mnaIw_mXo{ddê$ {dÇ>bw öX`m§V a`m &&4&&
(g.g§.Jm. km.Jm. A.H«$. 45 g§nm. S>m°. Jmogmdr a. am.) Aao ñdê$nmH$maU| {dœê$n KoVb| & gJwU| Pm{H$b| {ZJw©U a`m &&1&&
VÎdt VÎd H$dir CJdo adr_§S>ir & AdKrM Pm§H$moir Amnë`m VoOo &&2&&
{dœOZ ^m§~mdbo, _m`oV Jw§Vbo. AWm©V AmË_ê$nmbm S>§S>{ibo H$s Xod Ðï>m{M`o Xrát Ñí`{M Z {Xgo & g_agt ^mgo VoO Ë`m§Mo &&3&&
{ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, {Zamim, AÛ¡V Agë`mMo OmUdV Zmhr. _mÌ ^«m§Vr gabr {MËñdê$nt Zm§Xo {MËñdê$nt ^mgo & ›H$mamgm[ag| VXmH$ma &&4&&
H$s Ë`mMo "nXqnS>m AVrVw' ê$n {XgVo. Vgo ho Mm§JXodm, Amnë`mV _r ào_H$it AmoVb| gào_irV VoO & VoW| Vy§ {damOo kmZXodm &&5&&
AmË_ñdê$nmMm AZw^d H$arV Amho. EH$Xm H$m kmZ Pmbo H$s Û¡V Zmhrgo (g.g§.Jm. km.Jm. A.H«$. 257 g§nm. S>m°. Jmogmdr a. am.)
hmoVo. ho Mm§JXodm -
ho Mm§JXodm, AmnU _mÂ`mà_mUoM AmË_ñdê$nmMo AZw^d KoV AmhmV.
V¡gt CnOVm§ Jmoï>r & Z \w$Q>Vm§ Ñï>r & Ë`mgmR>r àË`j kmZXod Am{U Mm§JXod `m Zmdm§Zr AmoiIë`m OmUmè`m
_r Vy§ drU ^|Q>r & _mPr VwPr &&52&& Xohm§Mo {_bZ qH$dm Ñï>^oQ> XoIrb hmoÊ`mMr Amdí`H$VmM Zmhr. Ogo -
AmVm§ _r Vy§ `m CnmYr & J«mgy{Z ^oQ>r ZwgYr & éM{V`mMo{Z {_g| & gw{MV| Oo{dOo O¡g| &
Vo ^mo{Jbr AZwdmXt & KmoiKmoiy &&53&& H$m§ Xn©U ì`mO| {Xgo & XoIV| O|{d &&54&&
S>moio Mmoië`mZo jU H$mi {dM{bV Pmbo H$s Oer EH$M dñVy XmoZ- V¡gt An«_o`| n«_o`| ^abt & _m¡ZmMt Ajao ^br &
XmoZ AmhoV Ago dmQ>Vo, V¡gr VwPr Am{U _mPr ^oQ> hr XmoKm§Mr ^oQ> dmQ>br; aMmo{Z Jmoï>r Ho$br & _o{i`oMr &&55&&
68 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 69
 AÞmMr é{M AmdS>br H$s éMrZo AÞmMo OodU KS>mdo. åhUOoM AZw^d `oB©b. H$maU AmË_ñdê$nmMo {R>H$mUr, _r Am{U AmnU, Agm
MdM MdrMr Md KoD$ bmJVo, AmñdmX KoD$ bmJVo. Or^ Ë`mMm AmZ§X ^oXM ZgVmo. _m¡ZmÀ`m Ajam§VZy aMboë`m Jmoï>r_wio Ah§^md g§nZy , AmË_ñdê$n
KoVo. qH$dm AmaemÀ`m `moJmZo AmnbmM Moham AmnU nmhmVmo Am{U AmnUM àH$Q>ob. åhUyZ `m Jmoï>rMm {dMma Ho$bm Va, åhUOo Ah§H$ma gmoSyZ _m¡ZmMr
Amnë`m AgbonUmMm AmZ§X KoD$ bmJVmo. Ë`mMà_mUo ho Mm§JXodm, à_o`m§{dZm Ajao AZw^dbr Va; {Xì`Ñï>rZo AmË_ñdê$nmMo Xe©Z hmoD$Z; AmnU Am{U
à_o`m§Zr AWm©V {gÕm§Vm§{edm` {gÕm§V hmoD$Z (_moR>çm Amü`©H$maH$VoZo, _r hm Û¡V ^md g_yi _mdiob. na~«÷m§Mr AÛ¡V H«$sS>m g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$nmZo
_moR>çm {Xì`ËdmZo, JyT>nUo ho hmoV Amho) AmnU Á`m _m¡ZmÀ`m Ajam§Zr AZw^yV hmoB©b. Aer hr Jmoï> (_m¡ZmMr Ajao) Ñï>r CKS>Umar Amho. Ogo-
g§dmX gmYbmV (H$moè`m H$mJXê$nr _m¡ZmZo, g§dmX gmYbmV); _r Ë`mM
Om{b`m ài`r EH$mU©d & Anma nm{U`mMr Ym§d &
à_mUm§Zm, à_m{UVnUmZo, AWm©V _m¡ZmÀ`m ^mfoZo (Ho$di AmË_g§doXZm§À`m
Ajam§Zr) AWm©V _m¡ZmÀ`m Ajam§Zr; hr "aMmo{Z Jmoï>r H$ê$Z; "_o{i`o' {Jir Amnbr CJd & V¡go H$ar &&58&&
(^oQ>r) KS>drV Amho. `oWo Aà_o`o hr à_o`o ^abr. `oWo {gÕm§V ZgVm§Zmhr àb` Pmë`mda, Anma nm{U`mMr Ymd (Ag§»` Obàdmh) Amnbm
{gÕm§Vm§Zr ho g§dXo Z ^abo Amho. `m a{Më`m Jmoï>tVyZ OrdmMo Am{U ~«÷VÎdmMo CJ_, Amnbm àdmh, Amnbm _mJ©, gmao H$m§hr, nañnamV, EH$_oH$m§Zm {JiyZ
(AZmoIo) {_bZ Pmbo Amho. Q>mH$VmV Am{U EH$mU©d hmoVmV. (AWm§J gmJa ê$n). Ë`mà_mUo {Xì`kmZ
ho Mm§JXodm, `m _r gmXa Ho$boë`m "aMë`m Jmoï>tVyZhr' AmnU {ZOê$nmMm Ñï>r CKS>br H$s Ah§H$ma; AWm©V, _mPo Zmd, _mPm ì`mg§J, _mPo ñWmZ,
ñdV…À`m {R>H$mUr AZw^d H$amdm; Aer _mPr {dZdUr Amho. AmnUM _mPr à{Vð>m, _mPr `mo½`Vm, _mPm A{YH$ma Am{X gd© "Ah§' {dMma^mdZm
AmnbrM ^oQ> KoV AmhmoV; Agm Amü`©H$maH$ AZw^d `oB©b. àdmh, Amnbm _m`oVyZ Pmbobm CJd {dgaVmV Am{U gdm©Ë_H$ Var {ZJw©U,
{ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma Aem H¡$dë`ñdê$nmV AWm©V AmË_ñdê$nmV AÛ¡VnUo,
B`oM| H$ê${Z ì`mO & Vy§ AmnU`mVo ~wO &
gd© ^oXm^oXm§Mm J«mg KoD$Z, g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$n hmoVmV. Vgo hr "_m¡ZmMr
Xrn XrnnU| nmho {ZO & Amnwb| O¡go§ &&56&& Ajao' OmUyZ AmnU H$amdo.
V¡gr Ho${b`m JmoR>r & V`m CK{S>Oo Ñï>r & _mD$br kmZoœa _hmamO OUy Mm§JXodm§Zm na_oœamÀ`m {dœê$nXe©ZmMr
Amn{U`m AmnU ^oQ>r & AmnUm _mOr &&57&& AmR>dU H$ê$Z XoD$Z AmË_ñdê$nmMo AÛ¡VnU OmUyZ KoÊ`mg gm§JV AmhoV.
ho Mm§JXodm, hr Or, "_m¡ZmÀ`m Ajam§Zr aMbobr Ajao' Agbobr _mD$br ^mî` H$aVmV-
Jmoï> _r gmXa Ho$br Amho; Ë`m Jmoï>rMm ZrQ>, A{YH$ gd©àH$mao (H$ê$Zr ""_mJm§ ~minUt `oU| lrnVr & O¢ EH$ doi ImXbr hmoVr _mVr &
ì`mO) {dMma H$ê$Z; AmnU `m Jmoï>rMr ~wO R>odmdr, (Ë`m Jmoï>rMm `mo½` V¡ H$monmo{Z`m§ hmVt & `emoXm§ Y[abm &&182&&
{dMma H$amdm, OmUrd R>odmdr) Am{U {Xì`mZo {Xì`mMm AZw^d ¿`mdm, _J ^oU| ^oU| O¡g| & _wIt PmS>m Úmd`mMo{Z {_g| &
AWm©V {Xì`mZo {Xì`mMo {ZOê$n nmhmdo (AmË_ñdê$n) nmhmdo Vgo AmnU MdXmhr ^wdZo gmdH$me| & Xm{dbt {V`o &&183&&
_mÂ`m "_m¡ZmÀ`m Ajam§Mm' (H$moè`m nÌm_wio _mÂ`m _ZmV OmUdboë`m Zm Var _YwdZt Y«wdm{g Ho$b| & O¡g| H$nmob e§Io {edVb| &
{b{IV Jmoï>tMm) AZw^d ¿`mdm. AWm©V AmË_ñdê$nmMm AZw^d ¿`mdm, Am{U doXm§{M`ohr _Vt R>ob| & V| bmJbm ~mobm| &&184&&
V¡gr Ho$br`m Jmoï>r (Vgo Ho$bo Va) Ë`m_wio Ñï>r CKS>ob. AWm©V AmË_àH$me V¡gm AZwJ«hmo n¢ am`m & lrhar Ho$bm YZ§O`m &
nS>ob, nyU©kmZmMm CX` hmoB©b. AWm©V AmË_ñdê$nmMmM AZw^d `oB©b. AmVm§ H$dUoH$S>ohr _m`m & Eogr ^mf ZoUo Vmo &&185&&
AmnU AmnbrM ^oQ> Amnë`m_Ü`oM AZw^dV AmhmV; Agm AÛ¡VmMm

70 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 71

EH$ga| Eoœ`©VoO| nmhb| & V`m M_ËH$mamM| EH$mU©d Omhb| & AdñWm, H$moè`m nÌmZo, AWm©V _m¡ZmÀ`m Ajam§Zr, `Wm`mo½` {Zdo{XV Ho$br
{MÎm g_mOt ~wS>mo{Z R>ob| & {dñ_`mMm§ &&186&& Amho. Mm§JmdQ>oœa `mVrb Mm§Jm Am{U dQ>oœamMo AÛ¡Vhr àH$Q> Pmbo Amho.
O¡gm Am~«÷ nyUm}XH$s¨ & nìh| _mHª$S>o` EH$mH$s¨ & åhUyZ Mm§JXod hr Zm_ê$nmMr CnmYr AmnU gmoSy>Z ñdmZ§XgwI{Zdmgr Pmbm
V¡gm {dœê$n H$m¡VwH$s & nmWw© bmoio &&187&& AmhmV.
åhUo Ho$dT>| JJZ EW hmoV| & V| H$dU| Zob| nm§ Ho$CV| & ho Mm§JXodm, nyU©kmZ AdñWoZo hm AZw^d `oUo, AJXr ñdm^m{dH$
Vt MamMa| _hm^yVo & H$m` Omhbt &&188&& Amho. Ë`mH$[aVm AmVm -
{Xem§Mo R>mdhr hmanbo & AYmoÜd© H$m` ZoUm| Omhbo &
Mm§J`m nwT>VnwT>Vr & Kam Am{b`m kmZg§n{Îm &
MoB{b`m ñdßZ V¡go Jobo & bmoH$mH$ma &&189&&
ZmZm gy`©VoOàVmn| & gM§Ð Vmam§JU O¡g| bmono & doÚ doXH$Ëd{h AVrVr & nXt ~¡go &&60&&
V¡gt {J{ibt {dœê$n| & àn§MaMZm &&190&& Kam Am{b`m kmZg§n{Îm, nyU©kmZ à{VVr Pmbr Am{U AmË_ñdê$n
V|ìhm§ _Zmgr _ZnU Z ñ\w$ao & ~w{Õ AmnUn| Z gm§dao & AdñWm àmá Pmë`mZo; AmnU AmVm "doÚ doXH$Ëd' doXm§Zr gm§{JVbo.
B§{Ð`m§Mo aí_r _mKmao & öX`dar ^abo &&191&& doXH$Îd AWm©V doXm§V hr, AVrV R>odyZ; àË`j doXm§VnXrM {Z_¾ Agmdo.
VoW VmQ>ñÏ`m VmQ>ñÏ` n{S>b| & Q>H$mgr Q>H$ bmJbo & AmË_ñdê$n kmZ hr AÛ¡V AdñWm ^moJUo gwê$ Pmbo H$s doXmVrb doXH$Îd
O¡g| _mohZmó KmVb| & {dMmaOmVm§ &&192&& XoIrb R>m`rM amhmVo. H$maU hr AdñWm åhUOoM doXm§VnX hmo`. g{ƒXmZ§XnXr
V¡go {dpñ_Vw nmho H$moS>| & V§d nwT>m§ hmoV| MVw^w©O énS>| & {damO_mZ Pmë`mda kmZ, AkmZ, {dkmZ, nyU©kmZ `m§Mr MMm©M H$embm?
Vo{M ZmZmê$n Mhÿ§H$S>o & _m§S>mo{Z R>ob| &&193&& àË`j nyU©kmZ hr g§nÎmr, `m{MXohr àmá Pmbr H$s; OrdZ_wº$ Aer A_¥V
O¡g| dfm©H$mitM| _oKm¡S>o & H$m§ _hmài`tM| VoO dmT>o & Xem àmá hmoV.o {ZJwU© , {ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma Aem g{ƒXmZ§XnXr `moJr {damO_mZ
V¡g| AmnUmdrU H$dUrH$S>o & ZoXr{M Cam| &&194&& hmoVmo. VmoM gX²Jwê$, VmoM na~«÷, VmoM AmË_ñdê$n, AÛ¡V Pmë`mda kmZmÀ`m
àW_ ñdê$ng_mYmZ & nmdmo{Z R>obm AOw©Z & CnmYrhr Ë`mVM hmanVmV. hrM AdñWm ho Mm§JXodm, AmnU AmVm ^moJmdr.
gd|{M CKS>r bmoMZ & V§d {dœê$n XoIo &&195&& Ago Abm¡{H$H$ Eoœ`© AmnUmg àmá Pmbo Amho. Ë`mM ñdmZ§XgwImV,
(km.A. 11 Amo.H«$. 182 Vo 195) AmnU A{dZmernXr Agmdo. _r ~«÷ñdê$n Amho `m kmZ~moYmVM AmnU
_mD$br kmZoœa Mm§JXodm§Zm {ZdoXZ H$aVmV - Agmdo. hm AZw^d d¡IarZo H$gm H$WZ H$aUma?
åhUmo{Z _mPr d¡Iar & _m¡ZmM|{h _m¡ZH$ar &
kmZXod åhUo Zm_ê$n| & {dU VwP| gmM Amho AmnUn| &
ho nm{U`mdar _H$ar & ao{Ib nm§ &&17&&
Vo ñdmZ§X OrdZno & gw{I`m hmoB© &&59&& (A_¥. - A.10 J«§W n[ahma Amo. 17)
Amnë`m narZo AmnU Zm_ê$nm{dU AgUo `mo½` hmo`, Ago _bm Mm§JXodm VwPo{Z ì`mO| & _mD${b`m lr{Zd¥{ÎmamOo &
(kmZXodm§Zm) dmQ>Vo. H$maU AmnU ñdmZ§XgwImV brZ Ago OrdZ OJV ñdmZw^d agmi ImOo & {XYb| bmo^| &&61&&
AmhmV. AmË_ñdê$nmbm Zmdê$n ZgVoM; ho Amnë`m H$moè`m nÌmZo,
({gÕm§Vñdê$nM) bjmV Ambo. åhUyZM Mm§JXod ho XohmMo Zmd ~mOybm ho Mm§JXodm, VwÂ`mdarb ì`mOmZo (ào_mZo) _mD$br lr{Zd¥{ÎmamO `m§Zr
gmê$Z; AmnU n[anyU© kmZ_mJu OrdZ ì`VrV H$arV AmhmV, hr Amnbr AmË_ñdê$nmMo ñdmZw^dê$nr agmi Ago ImOo (ImOo ZmdmMo n¹$mÞ) `m

72 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 73

_m¡ZmÀ`m Ajam§À`m `moJmZo, aMboë`m Jmoï>rê$nr Ajam§Zr, Amnë`mbm {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§À`m H¥$noZo, _m¡ZmMr Ajao OmUë`m_wio, AÛ¡V Pmbobmo AmhmoV.
_mÂ`mH$Sy>Z gmXa H$a{dbo AmhoV. _mÂ`m nÌmVrb ñdmZ§Xê$nr AmË_mZw^mdmMr, Ë`m_wio Amoì`m H$aUmamhr (Omo) {^Þ am{hbm Zmhr. åhUOoM kmZXodm§Zr
ag^arV AZw^dm§Mr ^mfm hrM OUy n¹$mÞ åhUyZ Amnë`m gÝ_mZmW©, _mÂ`m Ho$boë`m Amoì`m øm Mm§JXodm§Zr Ho$boë`mM Amoì`m AmhoV. AWm©VM kmZXod
gX²Jwê$ _mD$brZo nmR>dbo Amho. _r Ho$di {Z{_Îm_mÌ Amho. hm _mD$btMm, Am{U Mm§JXod A^oXnUmZo, AÛ¡V `moJmZo, àË`j na~«÷mEdT>o AmË_gwI
n¹$mÞñdê$n AmË_mZw^d AmnU {ZO~moY åhUyZ ñdrH$mamdm. H$maU ho {_i{dUmao R>abo AmhoV. ho Mm§JXodm, åhUOo hr Amåhr aMbobr, _m¡ZmÀ`m
n¹$mÞ Amnë`mdarb bmo^mZo AmnUmg {Xbo Amho. _mÂ`m hmVm§Zr Vo Ajam§Mr Jmoï> dmñV{dH$ AmnUM aMbobr Jmoï> åhUyZ; AmË_ñdê$nr
AmnUmn`ªV nmoM{dÊ`mMo ^m½`; _bm Amnë`mdarb bmo^mZo bm^bo. OmUdVo Amho. AmVm Amnë`m C^`VmV ^oXM Zmhr; Va ^oXmZo H$go AZw^dUma?
nyU©kmZmMm AZw^d AmnU AÛ¡V^mdmZo ^moJV AmhmoV. AmVm Ago nmhm -
Ed§ kmZXod MH«$nmUr Eog| & XmoÝhr S>moig Am[ago &
nañna nmhVm§ H¡$g| & _wH$bo ^oXm &&62&& Zmht V|M H$m` ZoUm| Ago & {Xg| V|{M H¡$g| ZoUmo {Xgo &
Agmo, kmZXod Am{U MH«$nmUr (Mm§JXodm§Mo EH$ Zmd) Ago- XmoÝhr Ag| V|{M ZoUm| An¡go & V| H$s¨ hmoB©Oo &&64&&
S>moig, AWm©V OmUH$ma AmhoV. Om{UdoÀ`m AmaemV nañnam§Mr à{Vq~~o ApñVËdmVM Zmhr, Vo _mhrV Zmhr qH$dm OmUV Zmhr; Ago H$go
nañna nmhVm§Zm; XmoKm§Zmhr AmnU EH$M AmË_ñdê$n AmhmoV, `mMm gmjmËH$ma hmoB©b? Oo {XgVo AmhoM Vo {XgV Zmhr Ago H$go åhUVm `oB©b? Amho Vo{M
Pmbm. Ë`m§À`mVrb _r Am{U Vy hm ^oX Zmhrgm Pmbm. XmoZ nyU©kmZr OmUdV Zmhr; Ago Amnë`m AZw^dmg H$go `oB©b? ho Mm§JXodm, AmnUmV
nañnam§Zm ^oQ>bo H$s; Vo n¥WH$nUmbm, AWm©V ñdV§Ì ì`{º$_Îd Aem ^oXmbm ^oXM Zmhr. _J ^oX OmUdV Zmhr Ago H$go åhUVm `oB©b? Vgo Ho$ë`mg
_wH$VmV. AmË_ñdê$nmZo C^`VmV AÛ¡V nmhVmV. q~~ à{Vq~~ Ý`m`mZo {_Ï`m ^oXMMm© Ho$ë`mgmaIo hmoB©b. AmnU XmoKo AÛ¡V AmhmoV. AmË_ñdê$n
{dMma Ho$bm Va nañna AmaemÀ`m ^y{_Ho$V `oD$Zhr q~~ VoM à{Vq~~ AmhmoV. ho AZw^dV AgVm§Zm Vgo OmUdV Zmhr; Ago H$go åhUVm `oB©b?
qH$dm à{Vq~~ VoM q~~hr Zmhr Am{U à{Vq~~hr Zmhr; Agm Ho$di AmVm àË`j AmnU C^`Vm nañnam§À`m ^oXmg _wH$bmo AmhmoV. AÛ¡V Pmbmo
S>moignUm, AWm©V kmZ_`Vm {Z_m©U hmoD$Z; XmoKohr nañna ^oXmbm _wH$bo. AmhmoV. gV²{ƒXmZ§X Aem AmË_ñdê$nmV brZ Pmbmo AmhmoV. Ago KS>bo
XmoKohr {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma Ago AmË_ñdê$n AZw^dy bmJbo. Ë`m_wio Xn©U AgVm§Zm, Vgo OmUdV Zmhr, Ago H$go ~ao hmoB©b? Vy Am{U _r Agm ^oXM
Xn©U Z amhVm Xn©Uhr AmË_ñdê$n Pmbm. Ë`m_wio - gaë`mda H$moao nÌ Am{U a{Mbr _m¡ZmMr Ajao ^br, ømVrb ^oXM Zmhrgm
hmoD$Z; Ho$di AmË_ñdê$nmZw^yVrM VoìhT>r OmUdVo Amho. åhUyZM ho
{V`on[a Omo B`m & Xn©U H$arb Am|{d`m &
Mm§JXodm,
Vmo AmË_m EdT>r`m & {_iob gwIm &&63&&
{ZXo nam¡Vo {ZX¡OUo & OmJ¥{V {Jim¡{Z OmJU| &
Ë`mà_mUo Omo `mVrb Xn©U Am|{d`m H$arb AWm©V ^«m_H$Vm Q>mHy$Z
kmZñdê$n AdñWoMo dU©Z H$ê$ bmJob; Ë`mbm AmË_gwImEdT>oM AmË_gwI Ho$b| V¡g| Jw§\$U| & kmZXodmo åhUo &&65&&
{_iUma. ho Mm§JXodm, AmnU C^`Vm, ^oXmg _wH$bmo AgyZ; AmnUM ho Mm§JXodm, AmnU C^`Vm§ g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$n AmhmoV. V|ìhm hr AdñWm
nañnam§Mo q~~ Am{U à{Vq~~ Pmbmo AmhmoV. EH$ê$nM Zìho Va AÛ¡V bm¡{H$H$ {ZÐon{bH$S>rb {ZÐogmaIr, bm¡{H$H$ OmJonUmbm {JiyZ; nyUk© mZñdê$n
Pmbmo AmhmoV. `m AdñWoMo dU©Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r Omo Amoì`m H$arb Vmo OmJonUmMr Amho. `m AdñWoVrb ho _m¡ZmÀ`m Ajam§Mo Jw§\$Uo, (Amoì`m
AmË_gwImEdT>oM AmË_gwI {_i{db. `oWo Va Amåhr, _mD$br gX²Jwê$ H$aUo) hohr AmË_ñdê$n AZw^yVrÀ`m gmaIoM Amho. Ë`mV _mPo Am{U Vw_Mo

74 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 75

åhUUo EH$M Pmbo Amho. bm¡{H$H$mMo AdKo ^oX, g{ƒXmZ§X ñdê$nmÀ`m
_hmU©dmV Zmhrgo hmoD$Z; bm¡{H$H$ Am{U nmabm¡{H$H$ Agohr ^oX AmVm
am{hbo ZmhrV. Aem AmË_ñdê$n pñWVrV hm AmË_ñdê$nmMm AmË_g§dmX
Amho BVHo$M!
_hmamO … JUmo~m, _mD$br kmZmo~mam`m§Zr `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Zm, "_m¡ZmÀ`m
Ajam§Zr' AmË_mZw^d KS>dyZ; ào_ñdê$nm Amnë`mVM gm_mdyZ KoVbo!
(_hmamO AZ§VmV nmhmV CX²Jmabo)
JUw … _hmamO!
JUwÀ`m S>moù`m§Zm AmZ§XYmam bmJë`m hmoË`m. ^mZ hanyZ Vmohr
4. J¥{Q>H$m§_¥V
AZw^dm§_¥VmV gM¡b ñZmZ H$arV hmoVm. _hmamOm§À`m hmHo$Zo OUy Ë`mMr
Aï>gmpËdH$^mdm§gh bmJbobr g_mYr ^§J Pmbr hmoVr. _moR>çm ^{º$^mdmZo JUwZo Zoh_rà_mUo _hmamOm§Zm _Zmo^mdo Z_ñH$ma Ho$bm. Anojoà_mUoM
JUwZo _hmamOm§À`m nm`mda S>moHo$ R>odbo. JUwZo àýmW©H$ _wÐm Ho$br. _hmamOm§Zr _Zmo_Zr AmoiIbo.
··· _hmamO … H$m` åhUVm` JUmo~m? ~mobm. ~mobm, AJXr _moH$ionUmZo
~mobm!
JUw … Vg§ Zmhr, _hmamO, Mm§JXod _hmamOm§M§ ^m½` Ho$dT>§ Wmoa! H$moam
H$mJX nÌ åhUyZ nmR>dbm Am{U _mD$btZr Va Ë`m§Zm AmË_ñdê$n AZw^d
KS>dbm.
_hmamO … JUmo~m, Vmo H$moam H$mJX gmYm ZìhVm. Mm¡Xmeo df© Vnü`m©
H$arV, ñdV…À`m JwéHw$bmVyZ amO`moJ, hQ>`moJ, Ü`mZ`moJ, g_mYr`moJ Aer
Á`m ~«÷{dÚobm Zmd§ AmhoV; Ë`m ~«÷{dÚoV {gÕ Pmboë`m, _hmZ `moJramO
Mm§JXodm§M§ Vo nÌ hmoV§. H$moam H$mJX åhUOo OUy _m¡ZmZoM, lr Mm§JXodm§Zr
Amnbo _Z, lr kmZoœam§Odi CKS> Ho$b§ hmoV§. Ë`mV Mm¡Xmeo dfmªMo Am{U
Ë`mhr nyduÀ`m OÝ_m§Mo g§{MV hmoVo. JwéHw$bmÀ`m Hw$bJwê§$Mr à{Vð>m hmoVr.
g_mYr`moJmZo {gÕnXmbm nmohmoMboë`m EH$m _hmZ `mo½`mMo ~«÷{dÚoVrb
gm_Ï`© EH$dQ>bo hmoVo.
JUw … _hmamO, ho EdT>§ gJi§ Ë`m nÌmV _m¡ZmZ§ àH$Q> Ho$b§ Amho, Ag§
Var H$g§ åhUmd§?
_hmamO … `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Mr H$s{V© ^maVdfm©V ngabobr hmoVr.
Jwé_mD$br lr {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§Zm, _mD$br kmZoœam§Zm, lr gmonmZXodm§Zm Am{U lr
_wº$mBªZm lr Mm§JXodm§Mm A{YH$ma _mhrV hmoVm.

76 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 77

 JUw … åhUOo _hmamO, lr Mm§ J Xo d m§ Z m, AmË_ñdê$nmZw ^ y V r, hmoË`m. lr Mm§JXodm§Zm ZmWg§àXm`mMm gX²Jwê$ ñdê$nmVrb AZwJ«h XoD$Z;
g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$nmMo kmZ hmoVo? ^mJdV ^º$m§Mo, AWm©V ^{º$`moJmMo _hÎdhr {d{XV H$aÊ`mg Ë`m `mo½`
_hmamO … hmo` JUmo~m, hmo`. na§Vw JUmo~m bm¡{H$H$mV åhUOo ì`dhmamV, hmoË`m. Ë`m§Zr g§V Zm_Xodm§Zm XoIrb _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo hmoVo. øm gd© Jmoï>tMm
JwéHw$b Mmb{dUmè`m {gÕ nwéfmbmhr, Amnë`m AmË_ñdê$n AdñWoMm {dMma lr {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§Zm Ho$bm. _wº$m~mBªZrM, H$moam H$mJX nmhmVmM lr
{dga nS>Vmo. Ah§H$ma n«H$Q>Vmo. hm Ah§H$ma Ë`mÀ`m AmË_ñdê$n AdñWobm Mm§JXodm§Mr narjm Ho$br hmoVr ho bjmV KoD$Z; _wº$mBªZm, lr Mm§JXodm§Zm
{dM{bV H$aVmo. Agm {gÕnwéf Ah§H$mamÀ`m AmYrZ Jobm H$s; ì`mdhm[aH$ AZwJ«{hV H$aÊ`mMr Amkm, lr {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§Zr {Xbr Agmdr. na_mWm©V
gÎmm, à{Vð>m, A{YH$ma `m§À`mVM ñdV…Mo _moR>onU {_ady bmJVmo. JUmo~m bm¡{H$H$mVrb d`mo_mZ Am{U Á`oð>Vm `m§Zm AW© ZgVmo. AmË_ñdê$nr {gÕ
Ahmo Aer CXmhaUo H$m` H$_r AmhoV. amdU, JéS>, naewam_, {dœm{_Ì hmoUo _hÎdmMo hmoVo. {edm` Mm¡Xmeo df} Vn Ho$boë`m, lr Mm§JXodm§Zm
Aer AJ{UV CXmhaUo XoVm `oVrb. bhmZ½`m _wº$mB©Zo AZwJ«{hV H$ê$Z; Ë`m§À`m {R>H$mUr {Z_m©U hmoUmè`m
JUw … åhUyZM "Mm¡Xmeo df© Vn H$ê$Zhr Mm§JXod H$moamM' Ago CX²Jma Ah§H$mamMo g_yi CƒmQ>Z H$aVm Ambo.
_wº$mBªZr H$mT>bo. hmo` Zm? JUw … _hmamO, _bm AmVm Ho$di EH$M e§H$m Amho. _mD$br kmZoœam§Zr
_hmamO … AJXr ~amo~a. _wº$mB© XoIrb "H$moam' åhUVm§Zm lr Mm§JXodm§À`m {b{hboë`m nÌmbm AmnU "Jw{Q>H$m§_¥V' qH$dm "A_¥VJw{Q>H$m' Ago H$m ~ao
Mm¡Xmeo df© VnmMm C„oI H$aVmV. åhUVm?
JUw … åhUOo _hmamO, Ah§H$mamZo {dM{bV Pmboë`m Mm§JXodm§Zm _hmamO … JUmo~m, Jw{Q>H$m hr {Xgm`bm bhmZ AgVo, _mÌ Jw{Q>Ho$V
Ë`m§À`m AdñWoMo ñ_aU H$ê$Z XoÊ`mgmR>rM, hm IQ>mQ>mon, hmo` Zm? Vrd«Va Am¡fYrag gmR>{dbobo AgVmV. Ë`m_wio amoJ Va VmËH$mi ~am
_hmamO … VoìhT>oM Zìho. JUmo~m, _mJ© ^Q>H$boë`m _mUgmbm gX²Jwê$M hmoVmoM. na§Vw Amamo½`hr ~imdVo. _mD$br kmZoœam§Zr "Mm§JXod nmgï>r'À`m
nyUk© mZmdñWon`ªV KoD$Z OmVmo Am{U nyUk© mZ AZw^Vy rhr KS>{dVmo. gX²Jêw $§ nmgyZ gmXarH$aUmZo lr `moJramO Mm§JXodm§À`m ~m~VrV XmoÝhr Jmoï>r gmYë`m.
Xÿa Jooboë`mbm gX²Jwê$Mr ^oQ> KS>dyZ XoÊ`mgmR>rhr, gX²Jwê$M ^oQ>mdm bmJVmo. {edm` AH$maU {Z_m©U Pmboë`m Ah§H$mam_wio `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Mr AdñWm,
lr Mm§JXodm§Zm Agm gX²Jwê$ ^oQ>mdm d lr Mm§JXodmgh gdmªMo H$ë`mU ìhmdo hQ>dmXr ~mbH$mgmaIr Pmbr Amho; hohr lr kmZXodm§Zr AmoiIbo. Ë`m_wio
`mgmR>rM IQ>mQ>mon. H$_rVH$_r Amoì`m§_Ü`o, `moJramO, _hmkmZr Mm§JXodm§Zm Ë`m§À`mM ^mfoV,
JUw … _hmamO, _mD$br {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§À`m Amkodê$Z, _mD$br kmZoœam§Zr ghO g_Oo b Aem [aVrZo ^mdmW© X r{nH$m Am{U A_¥ V mZw ^ dmVrb
nÌ {b{hbo. åhUOo lr _mD$br kmZmo~mam`m§Zr lr Mm§JXodm§Zm AmË_ñdê$n AÜ`mË_agmMr Vrd«Va _mÌm V`ma H$ê$Z; {_ÌmÀ`m, _mVoÀ`m Am{U gX²Jêw $À`m
AZw^yVr KS>{dbr. `mMm AW© _mD$br kmZmo~mam`M lr Mm§JXodm§Mo Jwê$ ^y{_Ho$VyZ; A{VZ_«VoZo, {dMjUVoZo, _mD$br kmZoœam§Zr `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Zm
Pmbo. _J, {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§Zr, _wº$mBªZr lr Mm§JXodm§Zm AZwJ«h Úmdm Ago H$m {Xbr Am{U Abm¡{H$H$ Aem AmË_ñdê$n AdñWoMm gmjmËH$ma KS>{dbm.
gwM{dbo? JUw … _hmamO, Cn{ZfXm§Mo gma Agboë`m lr_X²^JdX² JrVoda {dñV¥V
_hmamO … JUmo~m, VwPm àý _m{_©H$ Amho Iam. lr Mm§JXod `moJ_mJm©Zo ^mî` ^mdmW©Xr{nHo$À`m ê$nmZo _mD$br kmZmo~mam`m§Zr Ho$bo. "A_¥VmZw^d' hm
{gÕ Pmbobo hmoVo. hr na§nam ZmWg§àXm`mbm OdiMr Am{U gmaIr hmoVr. lr kmZoœam§Mm J«§W åhUOo AÛ¡V gmjmËH$mamMo Abm¡{H$H$ Xe©Z hmo` Ago
_wº$mBªMm ZmWg§àXm`mVrb A{YH$ma \$ma _moR>m Am{U OÝ_V…M hmoVm. AmnU gm§{JVbo. "{edeº$s g_mdoeZ' `mdarb ho {dœì`mnr qMVZ Amho
{edm` _mD$br kmZmo~mam`m§Zr ^{º$_mJm©bm, ^mJdV g§àXm`mbm Odi Ho$bo Agm Jm¡ad AmnU Ho$bmV. Vgo "Mm§JXod nmgï>r'Mo {deofËd H$m` Amho?
hmoVo. _mD$btZr AdVma H$m`©hr nyU© Ho$bo hmoVo. _wº$mB© ^md§S>mV gdm©V bhmZ _hmamO … Iyn Mm§Jbm àý {dMmabmg, JUmo~m `moJgmYZoZo ewÕ{MÎm

78 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 79

hmoD$Z; AmË_ñdê$n Pmboë`m lr Mm§JXodm§À`m {gÕ AdñWobm; AdñWm AmË_àVrVrÀ`m gmjmËH$mamÀ`m AdñWoMo ^mZ AmUyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r, g§dmX
Am{U A{YH$mamÀ`m Ah§H$mamZo {Z_m©U Pmboë`m T>Jm§Zr, _{bZVm AmUbr H$arV AmhoV, Ago dmQ>bo Var; g_moa lr `moJramO Mm§JXod åhUOo, ñdV…Vrb
hmoVr. _mD$br kmZoœam§Zr lr _mD$br {Zd¥{ÎmZmWm§À`m AmkoZo, H$moè`m nÌmbm, hQ>dmXr M§Mb, Var {ZamJg ~mbH$ Agë`mMr OmUrd R>odyZ; hm g§dmX
"Mm§JXod nmgï>r' åhUOo nmgï> Amoì`m§_Ü`o gyÌê$n nÌ {b{hbo. ho gyÌê$n Ho$bm Amho. _mVoZo ~mimbm JwQ>r nmOVm§Zm JmoS>rJmoS>rV ¿`mdo, JwQ>r MmQ>dmdr
AÛ¡V {ZénU, åhUOo ñZohmi Aem, AmË_ñdê$nmZo, AmË_ñdê$nmda Ambobo Am{U MmQ>dyZ Pmbo H$s "Pm@b§!' Ago åhUmdo; Vem H$m¡eë`mZo hm
Ah§H$mamMo _i^ Xÿa H$ê$Z; nwÝhm AmË_ñdê$n gmjmËH$mamZo nmdZ H$aUmao {_Ìg§dmX, AmË_g§dmX hmoD$Z àH$Q>bm Amho. gyÌê$n g§dmXmVrb EHo$H$m
ho {ZénU Amho. hm dada nmhmVm _¡Ì^mdmZo gmYbobm g§dmX dmQ>bm; Var _wÚmMo, Q>ßß`mMo, VÎdmMo Amdí`H$ VoìhT>o digo, ewÕ{MÎmê$nr ghmUoda,
H$moè`m nÌmbm CÎma åhUyZ, _m¡ZmÀ`m Ajam§Zr Ho$bobm AmË_g§dmXM Amho. CJmibo AmhoV. Ë`m H«$_mZo AmË_gmjmËH$mamgmR>r Ah§H$mamMo _i^ Xÿa
åhUyZ ho JUmo~m, ho Ho$di lr Mm§JXodm§Zm {b{hbobo, AmË_ñdê$nXe©Z H$arV. EHo$H$ Amodr nwT>o nwT>o ZoV "Jw{Q>H$m§_¥V' Mm§JXodm§À`m Jir CVa{dbo
KS>{dUmao, boIZ Zìho Va Omo Omo dmMH$, ^moº$m, gmYH$ hm gyÌê$n g§dmX Amho.
AZw^dob; Ë`mbm Ë`mbm AmË_mZw^dmMo gwI àmá hmoB©b. Vmo Vmo AmË_ñdê$n JUmo~m, bm¡{H$H$ ì`dhma, àWoà_mUo nÌmbm, _m`Zm {b{hUo hr
hmoÊ`mMo ^m½` {_i{dÊ`mg nmÌ hmoB©b. _mD$br kmZoœam§Zr ZmH$mabo Amho. H$maU Ë`m§Zm `moJramO Mm§JXodm§Zm VmËH$mi
JUw … åhUOo _hmamO, "kmZoœar', "A_¥VmZw^d' `m {dñV¥V J«§Wm§nojmhr na_mËå`mÀ`m Ho$dbVoMr Am{U gdm©Ë_H$VoVhr brbm{dJ«hmMr AmR>dU
"Mm§JXod nmgï>r'Mo _hÎd A{YH$ Amho. H$ê$Z Úm`Mr hmoVr. åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr Mm§JXodm§Mo H$ë`mU qMVyZ WoQ>
_hmamO … Iao Va VrZhr J«W§ AmË_gmjmËH$mamMo Xe©Z AgyZ; gmYH$mbm AmË_ñdê$nmÀ`m, Eoœ`©`moJmbm, brbobm, lr Mm§JXodm§À`m {R>H$mUr AZw^yV
AÛ¡V {gÕ H$aUmao AmhoV. na§Vw àË`oH$ J«§WmMo EH$ {Z{üV Ago AZÝ` ñWmZ H$am`bm gwédmV Ho$br. lr Mm§JXod ho dQ>oœañdê$n AmhoV, `mMr OmUrd
Amho. "Mm§JXod nmgï>r'VyZ AmË_mZw^d ¿`md`mg {gÕ Pmboë`m gmYH$mbm H$ê$Z XoD$Z, lr kmZXod AmË_g§dmX H$aVmV -
dmMH$mbm, lr Mm§JXodm§gmaIo ewÕ{MÎm OmUH$ma AgÊ`mMr AQ> Amho. ñdpñV lr dQ>oew & Omo bnmo{Z OJXm^mgw &
åhUyZ JUmo~m, Amnë`mgma»`m dmMH$ gmYH$m§Zr dma§dma OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm Xmdr _J J«mgw & àJQ>bm H$ar &&1&& Mm§.nm. &&
à`ËZ H$aUo, Amdí`H$ Amho. AÝ`Wm, nT>V_yIm©Mr AdñWm hmoB©b. åhUyZM
`m lr kmZoœa Xe©ZmMm Aä`mg H$arV amhmUo hoM Amnë`m AmYrZ Amho ho dQ>oew AWm©V na_mË_m AWdm AZ§V AdH$meñdê$n g{ƒXmZ§XKZ,
bjmV Ko. Ooìhm OJXm^mg XmI{dVmo, OJmÀ`m ê$nmZo ZQ>Vmo Voìhm§ OJVmMo {R>H$mUr,
JUw … _hmamO, _mD$br kmZoœam§Zr, ho nÌ, gyÌê$nmZo {b{hbo Amho, Ordmbm, Amnë`m _yi g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$nmMm {dga nS>Vmo. OUy Vmo AZ§V
Ago åhUmbmV, Vo H$go? dQ>oew bnyZ am{hbm Amho. Ooìhm§ `m OJXm^mgmV gdm©Ë_H$VoZo A§VamË_m
_hmamO … gyÌê$nmZo nÌ {b{hbo, Ago _r åhUmbmo; Var nmgï> åhUyZ VmoM Amho; Agm AmË_gmjmËH$ma KSy>Z; AmË_ñdê$n åhUOo dQ>oew
Amoì`m§Mo AdKonU bjmV ¿`m`bm hdo. _mD$brZo, ñdV…bmM, ñdV…Mo, àH$Q>Vmo Voìhm hm OJXm^mg ì`W© dmQ>Vmo. OUy ñdV… àH$Q>VmM, ZQ>boë`m
b{S>dmi ~mbH$ AmhmoV, Ago H$ënyZ, ñdV…M, ñdV…bm Amamo½`g§nÞ ê$nm§Mm Ë`mZo J«mg KoVbm Amho. Ed§M dñVwV… na_mË_m Am{U Ord, OJV,
H$aÊ`mgmR>r, A_¥VJw{Q>Ho$Mo, digo _m¡ZmÀ`m Ajaê$nr _H$a§XmV CJmiyZ, Vr OrdmË_m Ago Û¡V ZmhrM; Va AÛ¡V Amho. `mH$S>o lr kmZXod bj doYVmV.
Jw{Q>H$m, b{S>dmi ~mbH$ê$nmVrb ñdV…bm, _¡Ì __VoZo Am{U bmKdmZo, OrdmË_m hmM na_mË_m Amho, `mMr ½dmhr XoD$Z; lr `moJramO Mm§JXod ho
MmI{dbr Amho. dada nmhmVm, Oar lr _mD$br kmZoœa, `moJramO Mm§JXodmbm, AmË_ñdê$nM AmhoV. `m AZw^yVrMo dU©Z H$aVmV. lr Mm§JXodm§Zm

80 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 81

g_OmdVmV- AmË_ñdê$n Amho. Ë`m AmË_ñdê$nmMr AdñWm àmá Pmbr H$s; gd©
Vodr {edmo{Z n¥Ïdrdar & ^mgVr nXmWmª{M`m nar & Ñí`mê$nmV AmnUM AmhmoV, gd© Ñí`ê$no Amnë`mVM AmhoV; Var AmnU
àH$meo, V| EH$gar & g§{d{Îm &&12&& Mm§.nm.&& `mV H$moR>ohr Zmhr; Var AmnU AmhmoV; `mMr AZw^yVr `oVo. hrM H¡$dë`mÀ`m
ApñVËdmMr IyU hmo`. Vgo AmnU AmË_ñdê$nM AmhmV.
{edVÎdmÀ`m `moJmZo, brboZo AZoH$ àH$maMo nXmW©, n¥Ïdrda ^mgVmV; ho `moJramO Mm§JXodm AmnU Va -
Var {edVÎd àH$mebo, AmË_gmjmËH$ma Pmbm; H$s gdmªVar Vo EH$M
"g§{d{Îm' VÎd Agë`mMo bjmV `oVo. ho nXmW© åhUOo EH$mË_nUo "g§{d{Îm'M V`m nwÌ Vy§ dQ>oœamMm & admO¡gm H$mnwamMm &
àH$meë`mMo OmUdVo. AmË_ñdê$nmZw^yVr `oVo. Mm§J`m, _O VwO AmnU`mMm & ~mob EH$ &&37&& Mm§.nm.&&

V| dt AmnU{M Amnwbm nmoQ>t & AmnU`m§ Ñí` Xm{dV CR>r & H$mnwamMm H$U hr H$mnyaM AgVmo; Vgo AmnU dQ>oœañdê$n åhUOo
Ðï´>m, Ñî`, Xe©Z {ÌnwQ>r & _m§S>o V| ho &&18&& Mm§.nm.&& AmË_ñdê$nM AmhmV. _mPr OmUrd Am{U Amnbr OmUrd EH$M Amho.
åhUyZM "_O VwO ~mob EH$' AWm©V AmnU C^`Vm AmË_ñdê$nM AmhmoV,
Vo AZ§V A{dZmer AdH$me, Vo {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma "g§{d{Îm' EH$M AmhmoV. _J nÌ Am{U CÎma Agm ^oX~mob H$gm Agob?
VÎd, Vo H¡$dë`, Vo AmË_ê$n, Vo g{ƒXmZ§Xê$n Ago; AZoH$ kmZr åhUyZM ho `moJramO Mm§JXodm -
AmË_mZw^ydtZr, Á`mMo dU©Z Ho$bo Amho, Vo H¡$dë`, AmnUM, Amnë`m
nmoQ>mVyZ, Amnë`mbmM Ñí` ê$n Vo XmIdy bmJVmo. AWm©V Vo OJV²ê$nmZo V¡gt Aà_o`| à_o`| ^abt & _m¡ZmMr Aja| ^br &
ZQ>Vo, Am{U Vo ñdV…M Ðï´>m, Ñí` Am{U Xe©Z Aer {ÌnwQ>r ñdê$nmV _m§S>Ur aMmo{Z Jmoï>r Ho$br & _o{i`mMr &&55&& Mm§.nm.&&
H$aVo. dmñV{dH$ Vo H¡$dë` Amho åhUOoM A{dZmer, {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, nÌmoÎmamMm àýM Zmhr. _m¡ZmV AmnU C^`Vm AÛ¡V Ago AmË_ñdê$nM
{Z{d©H$ma, g{ƒXmZ§X Ago g§{d{Îm, {ZOê$n Amho. AmhmoV. kmZ AkmZ hr Ë`m AmË_ñdê$nmV hmanbo Amho. Ë`m AdñWoV,
O| åhUVm§ Z`| H$m§ht & OmUmo Z`o H¡$go hr & IaoVa, à_o`M ({gÕm§V) ZmhrV. H$maU Vr AmË_ñdê$n AdñWm ho {gÕà_o`
AgV{M Ago nmhr & AgU| O`m &&30&& Mm§.nm.&& Amho. Ago AgyZhr _r Ho$di Vr _m¡ZmZw^yVr AjamV aMÊ`mMr Jmoï> Ho$br,
à`ËZ Ho$bm. dmñV{dH$ doXm§Zmhr Vo eãXmV gm§JVm Ambo Zmhr. Ago ho
Á`mbm JwU AmH$ma Ago H$mhr Zmhr. Vo H$go Amho ho OmUVmhr `oV H¡$dë` AWm©V AmË_ñdê$n, Aà_o` Amho. H$maU ñdV…M {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma,
Zmhr. Var VoM gË` Amho, ApñVËdmV Amho, Ago Ë`m g{ƒXmZ§X ñdê$nmMo, {Z{d©H$ma, g{ƒXmZ§Xê$n à_o` åhUyZ {gÕ Amho. AmnU Ë`m AmË_ñdê$nmMm
AWm©V AmË_ñdê$nmMo AgUo Amho. AZw^d KoV Agmdo.
`mbmJt _m¡Z|{M ~mo{bOo & H$m§hr Zhmo{Z gd© hmoB©Oo & ho Mm§JXodm,
ZìhVm bm{hOo & H$m§htM Zmhr &&33&& Mm§.nm.&& Mm§J`m nwT>VnwT>Vr & Kam Am{b`m§ kmZg§n{Îm &
`mH$aVm Vo ^mfoV qH$dm eãXmV dU©Z H$aVm `oV Zmhr; åhUyZ _m¡Zm§ZoM doÚ doXH$Ëd{h AVrVr & nXr ~¡go &&60&&
Ë`m{df`r ~mobmdo; AWm©V AZw^d ¿`mdm; H$maU bm¡{H$H$ qH$dm Ñí` ho `moJramO, nwT>VrnwT>Vr AWm©V kmZ, ^º$s, d¡am½` H«$_mZo, AWm©V
OJVmV Vo ñdV… H$mhrhr qH$dm H$moUVohr ê$n, H$moUVmhr nXmW© Z hmoVm hr; `moJgmYZoZ,o kmZg§n{Îm Kar Ambr, AWm©V AmË_gmjmËH$ma Pmbm. AmË_ñdê$n
gd© nXmW© d ê$no VoM AgVo. H$mhrhr Z hmoVmhr hmoVo, AgVo; Ago Vo pñWVr àmá Pmbr H$s; doXm§Zr gm§{JVboë`m, doXH$ËdmÀ`m AWm©V doXm§À`mhr

82 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 83

AVrV Ago nX AWm©V H¡$dë`ñdê$n åhUOoM g§{d{Îmñdê$n, g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$n
àmá hmoVo Am{U _m`mñdê$n Ñï> OJVmMm, Ë`m ñdê$nmV {db` Pmë`mMm,
AZw^d hmoVo, V|ìhm ho gd© {dœhr _rM Amho, na_mË_mhr _rM Amho, Var
_rnUmn{bH$S>o _r Amho; Ago AmË_ñdê$n OmUVo. V|ìhm lr kmZoœa, lr
Mm§JXod, gX²Jwê$ Am{U {eî`, kmZr Am{U AkmZr na_oœa Am{U ^º$ Aem
Û¡Vm§Mm J«mg, AmË_ñdê$nmV KoVbm OmVmo. Am{U Ho$db AdñWm, _m¡ZmdñWm,
Aja AWm©V A{dZmer, {ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma, {Z{d©H$ma Aer AdñWm àmá
hmoVo. Ë`m g{ƒXmZ§X AdñWoVM {Z_¾ hmoÊ`mMo ^m½` bm^Vo. åhUyZM ho
Mm§JXodm "_m¡ZmMr Ajao ^br.'
5. lr Mm§JXodm§Mo {ZdS>H$ A^§J
AemàH$mao lr kmZoœa _mD$btZr EH$àH$mao Jw{Q>H$m§_¥V Mm§JXodm§Zm
gmXa Ho$bo. lr Mm§JXodm§Mr d¥Îmr nmbQ>br. Ah§H$ma gm§S>bm. ^{º$kmZd¡am½`mMr, "Mm§JXod nmgï>r' `m A_¥VJw{Q>Ho$Zo lr `moJramO Mm§JXodm§V nmbQ>
^mJdV d{hdmQ> n«eñV Pmbr. Pmbm. ZmWg§àXm` gmoS>bm Zmhr Var; ZmW-^mJdV à`mJmV, lr {Zd¥{Îm,
··· lr kmZXod, lr gmonmZXod, lr _wº$mB©, lr {dgmo~m IoMa, lr Zm_Xod `m
g§Vm§À`m _oimì`mV, lr Mm§JXod a_bo. g§V _wº$mBªH$Sy>Z AZwJ«h KoVbm. g§V
_wº$mBªZr ~mbH$mbm Xrjm Úmdr, VmÝhþë`mbm nmÝhm Kmbmdm, Vgo lr
Mm§JXodm§Zm {ZO~moY Ho$bm. ^mJdV g§Vm§À`m à^mdirV, ^{º$, kmZ, d¡am½`
Am{U kmZmoÎma ^º$sÀ`m d{hdmQ>oZo, Mm§JXod Mmby bmJbo. g_m{YñV
hmoB©n`ªVMm hm àdmg ZmW-^mJdV _où`mV KS>bm. lr `moJramO Mm§JXod,
g§V Mm§JXod Pmbo. _oimì`mVrb {d^y{V_Îdm§à_mUoM, d¥Îmr nmbQ>ë`mda
A^§JaMZm Ho$br. `m ZmW-^mJdV g§J_mda, Ë`m§Mr ^mdmdñWm, Ë`m§Zr
{b{hboë`m A^§JmVyZ à{gÕ Pmbr Amho. lr kmZoœa-Mm§JXod Am{U g§V
_wº$mB©-Mm§JXod `m§À`m ^oQ>rZ§VaMr lr Mm§JXodm§Mr Pmbobr AdñWm H$mhr
{ZdS>H$ A^§JmVyZhr àË``mg `oVo.

_wº$m~mB©-Mm§JXod g§dmX
(1) _r _mP| Xþ[aV Amemnme {MÎmt & _moh __Vm ^«m§{V Ah§^md| &&1&&
h[aVgo VoO A^r_mZ VmR>m & EH$VÎd| d¡Hw§$R>m h[anmRo &&2&&
Zm{ed§V Xoh n§MVÎd _moir & dm`m§{M dmhmQw>ir CS>mo{Z Om`o &&3&&
_wº$mB© OrdZ Mm§J`m {XYb| & {ZJw©Ur gm{Yb| Ka H¡$go &&4&&

84 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 85

2) JwU Zm {ZJw©U eãXmVrV & VoW| Vy§ {ZqüV ~mim {ZO &&1&& CnXoena
nmiUm bmdrbm öX` H$_it & _wº$mB© Odir gmX{dVo &&2&& 8) ^md|^{º$ H$ê$Zr d¡am½` OmoS>gr & Var Vy§ nmdgr ~«÷ gwI &&1&&
em§{V j_m {dXoh n¢ d{U©Vr & Zm§d n¢ R>o{dVr AÛ¡Vmgr &&3&& kmZVÎdt H$ar H$ar hm {dMma & {ZJw©Ut AmH$ma {Zam_` &&2&&
dQ>oœagwV Mm§Jm AdYwV & _wº$mB© em§VmdrV kmZ Ñï>r &&4&& Mm§½`m gmo` Kar kmZdQ>oœat & _wº$mB© {Oìhmat ~moY H$ar &&3&&

3) {ZJw©UmMo S>mhmit nmiUm bm{dbm & VoW| gwV nhþS>bm _wº$mB©Mm &&1&& 9) _wº$ hmoVm{g Vmo H$m§ ~Õ Ombmgr & Amnë`m ~§YZo AmnU ~m§Ybmgr &&1&&
{ZO {ZO ~mim Z H$ar n¢ Amir & AZwhmV Q>mir dmO{dVo &&2&& gm§S>r ~§YZ gmo` Yar Jìhmam & OmB© _yiñWmZm Amnw{b`m &&2&&
VoW| {ZÐm Zm OmJ¥{V ^moJr n¢ CÝ_Zr & bj Vmo ^oXþ{Z {ZOUm Vmo &&3&& VoWtMm VoW| amhr nar`ogr & Mm§J`met ~mobo _wº$mB© &&3&&
{Z^«m§V nmir nmiUm {dUdwZr & _Z h| ~m§Ymo{Z ndZ Xmoam &&4&&
EH${dg ghò ghme| doio ~mim & Vmo{h S>moim pñWa H$ar &&5&& 10) Xodr Xodmo Ombm ^mdgr A~mobm & {Z_mo{Z Cabm Amnnao &&1&&
{ZÐm Zm OmJ¥{V {ZOgr H$mB© & n[a`ogr Mm§J`m ~mobo _wº$mB© &&6&& AmYt Amn dmht _J nS>| dmhr & àn§M S>moht ~wS>mo ZH$m &&2&&
O§d Zmht H¥$nm Jwé \$it ~mnm & V§d H¡$goZr Xrnm nmderb &&3&&
4) Mm§Jm OÝ_bm _mÜ`mÝh H$mit & _m`~mn| XmoÝhr Zmhret Ombt &&1&& _wº$mB© Mm§J`m VÎdo VÎd b`m & h[a^mdr _m`m hanbr &&4&&
_witM Mm§Jm Zmhtgm Ombm & _wº$mB© åhUo Mm§J`m ^bm ^bm &&2&&
dQ>oœa Mm§Jm _wit bmJbm & nmogUm KoVbm _wº$mB©Zo &&3&& kmZna
11) AdKr`m S>moim§ nmhÿ Jobr`o & V§d AdKm AdK|{M Om{b`o &&1&&
5) amditMo H$a MwH$bo OmU & {Jd{gVmVr gmhrOU| doimodoim &&1&& H$m` gm§Jm| Jo _m`o AdKmqM Amho & AdKoZgr nmho dQ>oœar &&2&&
H$at H$a Y[a`bm _wï>t & H$a| g_mdb| Amnwë`m Ñï>t &&2&& AdKonUmMr _O nS>br ^«m§Vr & AdKm{M _r g§Vt gm§S>dbmo &&3&&
_wº$mB© H$a| boB©b| A§OZ & Mm§J`m {ZYmZ CnXo{eb| &&3&& dQ>oœa Mm§Jm AdKm{M Amho & AdKoZgr nmho dQ>oœar &&4&&

6) AmH$memMm e|S>m Kma am§Yr _m§S>m & H$mS>bm dmT>r H$m§Xm Hw$„mi ^moOZ H$ar &&1&& 12) EH${dg ghòeV| CÀN>mgr & Vmo `mo{J`m§ Aä`mgr pñWa pñWa &&1&&
{Xhm nS>o Mm§XU| amÌr nS>o CîU & Mmoa KaQ>r Kmbr Vami Kmbr ImU &&2&& J_Z J_Z Zmht g§gma n¡ Zmht & dQ>oœat gmo` gm§{JVbr &&2&&
gmgyZo§ ImXb| C§S>o gwZ Vabo & boH$s bmgbr Om§dmB© JS>~S>m bmoio &&3&& dQ>oœar Mm§Jr {Oìhmim & gmoh§ eãXt am{hbm dQ>oœar &&3&&
Y_H$V KwgiU KmVb| nmar & dQ>oœagwVm åhUo _wº$mB© AdYmar &&4&& 13) n{Vd«Vm Zmar ì`{^Mma Ho$bm & nanwéf ny{Obm ~mB©`mo dmo &&1&&
n{Vd«Vm Zmar Eogo åhUmdo & Zm_ n¡ R>odmd| Aì`º$mgr &&2&&
7) Q>|H$mdar Q>|H$ë`mdar Q>|Hw$br & VoW| EH$ ~mir {dñ_mo H$ar &&1&& Mm§Jm Û¡V hmoVm Vmo AÛ¡V Ombm & gmoh§eãXt am{hbm dQ>oœar &&3&&
{VM| Zm§d H$m` Ë`mM| Zm§d H$m` & {dMmamo{Z nmho _Zm_mOr &&2&&
S>m{o i`m§Vrb ~mhþbr Ombrgo Jédmé & {Ver gwBU© _oidm Aédmé &&3&& 14) ghOg_mYt ~¡gbm `moJr & gwfwÝ_mJv {ZamoYmo{Z`m§ &&1&&
gwBM© | AmUrda a{Mb| nmR>ma & _wº$mB© åhUo Mm§J`m gm§J `mMm {dMma &&4&& Jmoëhma_§S>i ^oXmo{Z`m§ Om` & Zmht Vo nmho S>moio^ar &&2&&
Mm§Jm dQ>oœa gmoh§ Ombm & AdKm{M {Jir`obm ~mB©`odmo &&3&&

85 & A_¥VJw{Q>H$m A_¥VJw{Q>H$m & 86

15) dèhmS>r Ambo g§gmaZJam & Mm§Jm Zmodam Ho$idbm &&1&& gX²Jwê$nXr bm^boë`m _wº$mBªMm _moR>çm ^{º$^mdmZo Am{U b{S>dminUmZo
hmVt H$m§H$U C^m dQ>oœat & em§{V ho Zmodar nUm©d`m &&2&& C„oI H$aVmV. _mÌ "Mm§JmdQ>oœa' hm C„oI gd©Ì AgVmoM. AZoH$ A^§Jm§_Ü`o
n{U©br em§{V ~¡gbr nmQ>t & _wº$mB© H$adbr hiXþbr dmQ>r &&3&& Ho$di dQ>œo am§Mm C„oI AmT>iVmo. ZmWg§àXm`mVrb `moJgmYZoMm, AÛ¡V {gÕrMm
C„oI gd©M A^§JmV Amho. Hy$Q>aMZm Va WoQ> _wº$mBªer gmYå`© gm§JUmè`m
16) AmË_m hm Zmodam Hw$S>r ho Zmodar & qb~bmoU H$ar dmohamgr &&1&& AmhoV. AmVm g§emoYH$m§Zm `m§V àý nS>Ê`mMr eŠ`Vm ZmH$maVm `oV Zmhr.
gmohim Ombm Zmodam Jm§dm Jobm & doJt AmB©Vr H$am Zmodar ~mobdm &&2&& Mm§JXodm§Mo gd© A^§J ho lr kmZoœa, _wº$mB© `m§À`mer Pmboë`m ^oQ>rZ§VaMo
Ýhm{Ubr Yw{Ubr OJñH§$Yt {_a{dbr & ~mobdrV Jobr Mm¡KOo U| &&3&& AmhoV H$m? Mm¡Xmeo df} ñV§^Znyd©H$ hQ>`moJ gmYZm H$arV JwéHw$b Mmb{dUmè`m
lr Mm§JXodm§Zr Zo_H$s A^§JaMZm Ho$ìhm§ gwê$ Ho$br Agob? Mm¡Xmeo df} åhUOo
Á`mMr Zmodar Ë`m hmVt bm{dbr & Mm§Jm åhUo AmVm§ {ZqüV Pmbr &&4&&
lr kmZXodm§nydu Mm¡Xmeo df} AWm©V B.nyd© XmoZeo dfm©Mm {dMma Ho$bm Va lr
Mm§JXodm§À`m A^§JaMZm Am{U Ë`mVrb {df` _m§S>Ur ~wMH$ù`mV Q>mH$Umar
Hy$Q> dmQ>Vo. `mMm AW© `m ^md§S>m§À`m ^oQ>rnydu A^§JaMZm Am{U "VÎdgma' `m
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