ALEX EKWUEME FEDERAL UNIVERSITY NDUFU-ALIKE

STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

A REPORT OF SIX (6) MONTHS INDUSTRIAL WORK
EXPERIENCE

AT
EMMANUEL AUTOMOBILE REPAIR
NANKA, ANAMBRA STATE.

BY
AGBO GIFT .C.
REG. NO: 2020/EN/15798
DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
COURSE CODE: FET 490

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.Eng.) DEGREE IN
MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING.

SEPTEMBER 2023 – FEBRUARY 2024

DECLARATION
This is to certify that I, AGBO GIFT .C. with matriculation number REG. NO: 2020/EN/15798
of Mechatronics Engineering department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Alex
Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ebonyi State underwent the six months Students
Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) at EMMANUEL AUTOMOBILE REPAIR

Agbo Gift .C.

2020/EN/15798 Signature and Date

Mr. Chinedu Valentine .O.

DEPT. SIWES COORDINATOR signature and date

Dr A.I. Adeolu

SIWES COORDINATIOR, AE-FUNAI signature and date

Engr. Dr. Benjamin Ezurike

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT signature and date

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 DEDICATION

I would like to dedicate this report to almighty God for giving me the grace and opportunity to
complete my SWIES programme successfully and also to write this report. I also want to decide
this report to the management and staff (Emmanuel Chukwudi Ejiofor, Sopuruchukwu Michael,
Igwe Michael Ikechukwu and Ogechukwu Nwankwo) for the love and level of support they all
gave to me during my industrial training. Finally, I dedicate this to my parents Mr. and Mrs.
Agbo for always being there as a source of inspiration, correction and encouragement.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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My appreciation goes to Almighty Allah, However, I will like to thank the Industrial Training
Fund for their foresight in putting this program to place and also to the Mechatronics
Engineering department of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi state,
for providing the platform on which was engaged in the training. I want to say a big thank you to
my industrial based supervisor, Mr. Sopuruchukwu Michael and the technician in my unit, Engr.
Emmanuel Chukwudi Ejiofor who helped with solutions to my numerous questions. I am also
grateful to Emmanuel Automobile Repair for providing with the opportunity to be exposed to
engineering services to the automobile industry. I also want to thank my mother who encouraged
me through my Industrial Training period and also appreciate my dad for his effort to ensure I
get a placement, also for their moral and financial support. Finally to my Institution based
supervisor for his advice and support, to my other friends. I say thank you all. Am highly
grateful.

ABSTRACT
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This report is a summary of the experience I acquired during my six months Students’ Industrial
Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) at EMMANUEL AUTOMOBILE REPAIR NANKA,
ANAMBRA STATE. This technical report encompasses the work experience and exposure at
different unit of the organization and acquaintance with various combustion engine components
and equipment in the workshop. The six months industrial training has also been able to provide
insight to how the theoretical classroom knowledge has been able to be applied in real life
situations and event.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover page

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Title page-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i

Declaration---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii

Dedication----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii

Acknowledgement-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv

Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------v

Table of contents---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vi

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of SIWES Program----------------------------------------------------------------------1

1.2 Beneficiaries--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

1.3 Duration--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

1.4 General objectives of SIWES--------------------------------------------------------------------------2

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Brief History of the Establishment------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

2.2 Objectives of Emmanuel Automobile Repair--------------------------------------------------------3

2.3 organogram of Emmanuel Automobile Repair -----------------------------------------------------4

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Tools used in the workshop-----------------------------------------------------------------------------6

3.2 Safety Precautions that was observed during work done-------------------------------------------8
3.3 Part list for product service----------------------------------------------------------------------------9

3.4 Activity of quality control assurance in the company ---------------------------------------------10

3.5 Maintenance policy------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

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3.6 Material procurement----------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

3.7Problem encountered---------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

CHAPTER FOUR
SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
4.1 Summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14
4.2 Recommendation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14
4.3 Conclusion -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14
4.4 Pictorial Excepts of work Experience----------------------------------------------------------------15
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………..16

LIST OF FIGURES
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Figure 1 Emmanuel Automobile organogram---------------------------------------------------------4

Figure 2 Tools used during work done-------------------------------------------------------------------7

Figure 3 Components of car engine-----------------------------------------------------------------------.8

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE SIWES PROGRAMME

The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) was initiated by the industrial
training fund (ITF) in the year 1973. The Program was to update practical knowledge of
students in the universities, polytechnics, and colleges of technology. It was aimed at
bridging the gap between the theoretical knowledge acquired in the classroom and the
technical knowledge in the industries by providing students with the opportunities to apply
their educational knowledge in real work.
Before the establishment of the scheme, there was a growing concern among industries
that graduates of institutions of higher learning lacks adequate practical background studies
preparatory for employment industries. Thus, the employers were of the opinion that the
theoretical education going on higher institutions was not responsive to the needs of
employers of labour.
The ITF solely founded the scheme in its formative years. But as the financial
involvement became unbearable to the fund, it withdrew from the scheme in 1978. The
federal government handed over the scheme to both National Universities Commission
(NUC) and National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) in 1979. Later, the federal
government in November 1984 reverted the management and implementation of the scheme
to ITF and it was effectively taken over by industrial training fund (ITF) in July 1985 with
the funding being borne by the federal government.

1.2 Beneficiaries

The beneficiaries of SIWES include undergraduate student studying either science or art courses
in the tertiary institution. The courses include Engineering, Agriculture, Technology,
Environmental, Science and Education Etc.

1.3 Duration

The duration of SIWES for universities is six months while for polytechnics and college of
education is four months.

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1.4 General Objective of SIWES

It is established to facilitate the full realization and mandatory skills acquisition and
proper training programs designed to expose students to the industrial workplace environment in
their respective disciplines during their course of study. The students are expected to develop
occupational competence that would facilitate their fitting into the world of work after
graduation.

Therefore, SIWES is a key factor required to inject and engender industrialization and
economic development in our nation through the induction of scientific and technological skills
on students

MISSION:

To set and regulate training standards and offer direct training intervention in industrial and
commercial skills training and development uses a corps of highly competent professional staff,
modern techniques and technology.

SIWES is operated as a joint through the contributory activities of following stakeholders:

 The Federal Government (FG): The Federal Government funds the scheme through the
help of Federal Ministry of Commerce and industry (FMC&I)
 The Industrial Training Fund (ITF): This is one of the Federal Ministry of Commerce
and Industrial parastatals who are responsible for the overall management of the scheme
in collaboration with other stakeholders.
 The Regulatory/Supervising Agencies: These agencies regulates the tertiary institution
on behalf of the Federal Government to ensure the guidelines of the operation of SIWES
are followed by all institution. Examples of such are National University Commission
(NUC) and National Based for Technical Education (NBTE).
 The Employers: These include members of the Organized Private Sectors (OPS) and
Government Establishments who provide places of Industrial Attachments for SIWES
participants.
 Tertiary Institutions: There include Colleges of Education Polytechnics and
Universities who are primarily beneficiaries of SIWES. Their central role is to ensure
successful implementation of SIWES is apparent.
 The Students: Students are direct beneficiaries of SIWES since they are the recipients
for the training provided through this scheme. The role of students is to give a full
participation in this program so as to acquire relevant production skills before graduation.

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 CHAPTER TWO

OVERVIEW OF EMMANUEL AUTOMOBILE REPAIR

2.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

Emmanuel Automobile is an automobile workshop in Anambra state and one of the most
reputable in the entire South- East region of Nigeria. Emmanuel Automobile is a duly registered
and certified brand in the automobile industry, whose operations in Nigeria has spanned over
some ages. Emmanuel Automobile mostly deal with cars like Toyota, Mitsubish, Mercedes, Ford
and Honda etc. The organization has trained over 50 mechanics, operators and by extension
empowering them economically.

Emmanuel Automobile workshop is up to date with the latest trends and technologies in
the automotive industries and also dedication to solution and innovation gives outstanding edge
over their competitors.

Emmanuel Automobile is made up of four department namely;

1) Sales department

2) Service and maintenance

3) operators department

4) general duty department

2.2 OBJECTIVES OF EMMANUEL AUTOMOBILE REPAIR

i. To add more value to learning through practical and training.
ii. Providing skills to students/trainees.
iii. To bring like minds to solve a societal problem.
iv. To reduce the rate of unemployment.

2.3 ORGANOGRAM OF EMMANUEL AUTOMOBILE REPAIR

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 MANAGING
DIRECTOR

GENERAL
MANAGER

SUPERVISOR SUPERVISOR SUPERVISOR SUPERVISOR

GENERAL DUTIES OPERATOR ACCOUNT & MAINTENANCE
FINANCE

OPERATOR 1 ACCOUNTANT FOREMAN

CLEANER SECURITY

TRAINEE
OPERATOR 2

TRAINEE

Fig 1. EMMANUEL AUTOMOBILE ORGANOGRAM

A. THE MANAGING DIRECTOR

The managing director is the highest ranking executive in the company, and his primary
responsibilities includes making major corporate decisions, managing the overall operations and
the resources of the company, and acting as the main point of communication between the boards
of supervisor and corporate operations. The MD has much hand on role in the company, such as
diagnose of some particular car and also attending to some customers in the workshop.

B. THE GENERAL MANAGER

The general manager is the second in command in the company, and his responsibility is
supervising all the unit and giving report to the MD. His as well serve as human resources
manager when the company highly need some personnel of different areas concern in the
company.

C. SUPERVISOR OF GENERAL DUTIES

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 This office is in charge of monitoring and observing work done in the cleaner and
security section and well as gives report to the GM if there any issues to be rectified in
his section.
D. SUPERVISOR OF OPERATORS
This office is in charge of monitoring and observing working operation of drivers
in different heavy duty machines and also trainees under the operators as well in this
section and it gives report to the GM if there any issues to be rectified in his section.
E. SUPERVISOR OF ACOUNTING AND FINANCE
This office is in charge of monitoring and observing all the financial operation of
the company. sales and services that funding is concerned, it is the responsibility of this
office to give account of it and well as gives report to the GM if there any issues to be
rectified in his section.
F. SUPERVISOR OF MAINTAINANCE
The service and maintenance supervisors are the key players in the workshop.
They are responsible for maximizing the efficiency, revenue and productivity of the
service department and achieving the highest levels of customer satisfaction. The service
supervisors have good diagnosed skills to identify service requirements and assess the
work of the foreman. They also have good customer service skill to deal with any
customer concerns or complaints. And also when a vehicle is in for repair or service, the
servicing manage must ensure that a member of the team inspects the vehicle to identify
any additional work is required.

CHAPTER THREE
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 WORK DONE

3.1 TOOLS USED IN THE WORKSHOP

A. SPANNER AND WRENCHE: These tools are many used in losing and tighten bolt and nut
in a machine and it have different size depending on the bolt to be used for.

B. PLIERS: This is manly used in cutting heavy cable and also pilling off wire.

C.PIN PLIER: This is mainly used in fixing clip which prevent shaft from moving away to it’s
original position.

D.HDRAULIC JACK: Hydraulic jack are mechanical device use to apply great force with a
little effort. Although not every car job will require you to lift the car up, there are many cases
where doing so will speed up the process. Hydraulic Jacks are lifting tools only and are not
meant to be used to secure the car up. For that purpose, I make sure to always use jack stands.

E. MUTIMETER: The essential tool for electrical diagnosis and troubleshooting is the
multimeter. It will allow you to measure Voltage, Resistance and Amperage. Extremely useful to
check batteries, fuses, work on car audio an absolute must. They range from cheap and
inexpensive to crazy high expensive. It is advice you to buy something of decent quality as you
will give this tool a lot of use.

F. ENGINE CRANES: They are equipment use in the workshops to lift heavy loads. They are
mostly use to remove or install gasoline or diesel engine from the vehicle at repairing process. It
uses heavy cantilever structure to hold the engine in air so that the technician can carefully
connect or disconnect h fragile host on the engine from the frame of the car. At the end of the
boom there is a grab hook where lifting chains, slings or a load leveler can be attached for lifting
purposes. The engine crane is commonly used in combination with the engine stand so that the
removed engine can be rotated in midair to provide access to underside surfaces of the engine.

G. GARAGE CREEPER: The garage creeper is an equipment that makes it easy to move
around with little effort while working under vehicles and also help the workman to look clean
when working. It can be handle by everyone.

H. BATTERY BOSSTER: Battery booster also known as a jump start is a method of starting a
vehicle with a discharge or dead battery. A temporary connection is made to the battery if

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another vehicle, or to some other external power source. The external supply of electricity
recharges the discharge vehicle’s battery and provides some of the power needed to crank the
engine. Once the vehicle has been started, its normal charging system will recharge, so the
auxiliary source can removed, if the vehicle charging system is functional, normal operation of
the vehicle will restore the charge of the battery.

I. Wheel Alignment Machine : Wheel alignment, sometimes referred to as breaking or tracking,

is part of standard automobile maintenance that consists of adjusting the angles of wheels to the
car manufacturer specifications. The purpose of these adjustments is to reduce tire wear, and to
ensure that vehicle travel is straight and true (without “pulling” to one side). Alignment angles
can also be altered beyond the maker’s specifications to obtain a specific handling characteristic.
Motorsport and off-road applications may call for angles to be adjusted well beyond “normal”,
for a variety of reasons.

FIG 2. TOOLS USED DURING WORKDONE

A B C D

E F G

H I

3.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS THAT WAS OBSERVED DURING WORKDONE

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1. Eye protection is mandatory for all operations which produce sparks, chips, flying objects or
involve use of corrosive chemicals. Face shields was worn during all operations that involve use
of a high-pressure steam system. Appropriate gloves and protective clothing was also be worn.

2. I did not wear loose clothing around rotating equipment. Clothes saturated with oil, grease, or
solvents was avoided.

3. I ensured that Compressed air was not used for clean clothing.

4.Shop floors was kept free of grease, oil, gasoline, or other slipping hazards.

5.Employees did not use defective electrical or mechanical shop equipment or hand tools. All
automotive shop machinery was grounded.

6. I ensured Vehicles did not towed unless appropriate tow bars or other approved equipment is
used.

7.Jacks, hoists, or other lifting devices was not used beyond the safe load capacity recommended
by the manufacturer. Employees was not in vehicles being lifted by hydraulic lifts or jacks.

8. I did not work under vehicles that are not properly supported with approved stands. Makeshift
stands made of wood, cement blocks, or boxes shall not be used.

9.Gasoline, acetone, kerosene, or similar solvents was not used to clean hands, floors, walls, or
other surfaces. Parts was cleaned only in approved containers using appropriate solvents.

10.Employees did not use standard sanitary sewer drains for the disposal of gasoline, oil, or
solvents.

11.Tanks or containers that are used for gasoline or other flammable solvents was not
mechanically opened or repaired by welding without purging and cleaning.

12.I do not begin tire inflation before the rim is properly seated. It is dangerous to attempt
adjustment with a hammer when the tire is being inflated.

13.I do not place hands or arms between mounted dual tires during inflation. I Always use a long
air chuck for inflation.

14.I do not change tires on the road unless wheel chocks and warning devices are used. Flares
was used to warn others whenever a vehicle tire is changed while on a heavily used road.

15.Changing of tires on split-rim wheels was performed only by individuals with proper training
and using only appropriate equipment.

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3.3 PART LIST FOR PRODUCT SERVICE

1. Top cylinder gasket 2. Piston and connecting rod 3. Valves 4. Block engine 5. Camshaft 6.
Engine seat 7. Timing belt 8. Stearing rack 9. Timing chain 10. Valve seal 11. Gear box 12.
Master stearing 13. Brake pads and brake drums 14. Oil seals 15. Bushing 16. Lower and upper
arm 17. Plugs 18. Injector 19. Hydraulics 20. Break disc 21. ABS sensor 22. Fuel pump 23. Oil
filter 24. Fuel filter 25. Bearing

3.4 SOME COMPONENT PART OF AN ENGINE

The engine of an automobile is consider the most important component of an automobile,

because without this part there will be no movement and the main function of an automobile is to
aid movement from one place to another. An automobile engine is a power house where a lot of
processes occur so as to make the vehicle move. The following are some part of an engine

THE ENGINE BLOCK: The block is usually made of cast iron although some high
performance engines have aluminum blocks, giving less weight and better heat dissipation.
Inside the engine block contain some other components such as the piston, connecting rod and
the crankshaft. The block engine also houses the combustion chamber.

PISTON AND CONNECTING ROD: The piston may have a recessed crown incorporating the
combustion chamber. Or be flat-topped with the combustion chamber in the head. The piston is
attached to the small end of the connecting rod by a gudgeon pin. The other ends of the
connecting rod are attached in turn with the crankshaft by split plan metal bearing known as big
end bearing. Piston & Connecting Rod.

THE CRANK SHAFT: This is made of steel end it revolves in housing supports at the bottom
of the engine block, running in split metal bearing held by removable bearing caps. Bearing,
called main bearing support the crankshaft in the crank case. As the cranks is rotated by the
connecting rod.

FLYWHEEL: This is a heavy disc made of steel with a number of gear teeth called the starting
ring gear around its disk. It is attached to the end of a crankshaft. The primary purpose of a
flywheel is to reduce speed variation to some acceptable value determine by its use. The minor
purpose of a flywheel is to provide for a source of energy when the clutch is engage under load.
The flywheel helps to transmit the engine power and to smoothen out the individual impulse of

9
the piston so that the power flows evenly. The flywheel is fastened to the rear end of the
crankshaft; it is fitted on to a register spigot and bolted to ensure absolute eccentricity.

CYLINDER AND PISTON RINGS: If full use is to be made of the force excited by the
burning charge the piston must be a good sliding fit in the cylinder. To ensure that a good seal is
obtained springs piston rings are fitted into grooves in the piston. Compressor rings at the top of
the piston prevent the gases escaping. Sometimes a single oil control or scraper ring is fitted to
regulate the oil supply to the upper part of the cylinder. Cylinder Head.

ENGINE VALVES: Valves open and close at pre-determine time, which vary with different
design of engine. They control the entry of the mixture and allow the exhaust gases to escape, the
valves used in motor vehicles engines are called topped or mushroom valves and there are
several method of positioning and operating them.

THE CAMSHAFT: The camshaft usually has a number of cams machined along its length: two
cams for each cylinder: one to operate the inlet valve, and the other. The camshaft rotates in its
own bearing and very often has a skew gear machined at some suitable point to drive the
distributor and or the oil pump.

ENGINE VALVES: Valves open and close at pre-determine time, which vary with different
design of engine. They control the entry of the mixture and allow the exhaust gases to escape, the
valves used in motor vehicles. Engines are called topped or mushroom valves and there are
several method of positioning and operating them.

FIRING ORDERS: The firing order together with suitable valve timing is design to obtain the
best engine performance. A firing order of 1-2-3-4 would result in the gradual winding up of the
tensional stress from one end of the crankshaft to the other, and would lead to crankshaft metal
failure at the same time the man folding of the mixture together with the positioning of the
carburetor would be critical because it could lead to uneven mixture distribution. In order to
overcome these undesirable attributes the firing order is arranged as 1-3-4-2 or 1-2-4-3 for four
cylinder engines and for six cylinders engine it is 1-5-3-6-2-4 3.

3.4 ACTIVITY OF QUALITY CONTROL ASSURANCE IN THE COMPANY

The activities of quality control are undertaken by the supervisors and some of the senior
staff in the company. It involves testing of the cars after service to make sure that everything is

10
well in place. It main purpose it’s to ensure that the best is giving to their customers. The testing
might be done by using an equipment i.e the onboard diagnose 2 (ODB2) or by mainly driving
the car through some distance.

3.5 MAINTAINANCE POLICY

This is a method use to maintain the working condition of machinery, equipment, and
tools at the optimum level so as to give maximum output. All tool, equipment and vehicle must
be properly maintained so that workers are not endangered. Preventive maintenance is the
systematic care and protection of tools, equipment, and machines before use. We must always be
aware that maintenance itself are potentially hazardous and can result to injury

3.6 MATERIAL PROCUREMENT

Material procurement is one of the activities of the supervisor of account and finance in
the company, its starts from purchase of goods from the vendors to the final usage of the goods
or parts. The process is used to ensure the buyer receives goods, services or works at the best
possible price, when aspects such as quality, quantity, time, and location are compared. Almost
all purchasing decisions include factors such as delivery and handling, marginal benefit, and
price fluctuations. Procurement generally involves making buying decisions under conditions of
scarcity. If good data is available, it is good practice to make use of economic analysis methods
such as cost-benefit analysis or cost-utility analysis.

3.7 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED

1) The attachment Students find it difficult to secure an appointment from any organization. At
times most students even go to where they never wanted instead of staying at home.

2) The attitude of some company staffs towards IT students is something that can never be
overemphasized, as some staffs go as far as seeing the IT students as messengers (errand boys or
girls) instead of teaching and inculcating their professional experience on the students.

3) It is suggested that some form of allowance should be given to the student as form of
encouragement and also to assist their cost of living, basically feeding and transportation
especially in areas of student far from the neighborhood.

4) I was not allowed to test a car after service or repair. And also I was not taking to outside job
which restrict me to the workshop.

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Fig 3. COMPONENTS OF CAR ENGINE

ENGINE BLOCKPISTON AND CONNECTING ROD

BEARING CRANK SHAFT

ENGINE VALVES SPARK PLUGS BREAK PAD

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FUEL INJECTOR BREAK DISK

OIL FILTER FUEL PUMP

GEAR BOX CYLINDER GASKET

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 CHAPTER FOUR

SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION, CONCLUSION

4.1 SUMMARY

My six months industrial attachment as a trainee at Emmanuel Automobile was a huge success
and a great time of acquisition of knowledge and skills. This is because I had the opportunity to
blend the theoretical knowledge acquired from school with the practical hands-on application of
knowledge gained here to perform very important tasks that contributed in a way to my
productivity in the company. My training here has given me a broader view to the importance
and relevance of Mechatronics Engineers in the immediate society and the world as a whole, as I
now look forward to impacting it positively after graduation. I have also been able to improve
my communication and presentation skills and thereby developed good relationship with my
fellow colleagues at work. I have also been able to appreciate the connection between my course
of study and other disciplines in producing a successful result.

4.2 RECOMMENDATION

I use this means to make the following recommendations concerning the training of students in
Industrial Attachments. Allowances should be paid to students during their programme just like
NYSC and not after. This would help them a great deal to handle some financial problems during
their training course.

4.3 CONCLUSION

This report has been able to detail an account of the entire work – experience gotten by me
during my SIWES program at Emmanuel Automobile Repair which is a core scheme in ITF and
which is saddled with the responsibility of strengthening the effective teaching and learning of
skill based course such as mechatronics. The exposure, practical skills and knowledge gained has
been of great advantage to me. It is indeed an eye opener for every student that has indeed
participated in the program, it makes student think deeply on the experience gained while in
school and without having to display their curriculum vitae in search of white-collar jobs again.
It empowers youth to a great extent because there will not be any reason for idleness and the
applications of the theoretical knowledge learnt in these various establishments are invaluable
assets to the participant of the scheme.

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4.4 PICTORAL EXCEPTS OF WORK EXPERIENCE

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 REFERENCES
i. Agbo Chiagozie Gift 2020/EN/15798-mechatronic engineering, AEFUNAI
ii. Ade.R. (2019). Meaning, brief history and objective of siwes
iii. Er. Amrit Kumar. (2003. Different part of the Engine and their function
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_parts_of_internal_combustion_engines

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