Castro, Marco Angelo C
Crim – 1D
VICT PRE-TEST 7
NATURE OF VICTIMIZATION AND VICTIM CHARACTERISTICS
1. Give type of crimes and where does victimization take place. Give at least 4 types of crimes
and discuss briefly.
Childhood abuse - Child abuse is not just physical violence directed at a child. It is any form
of maltreatment by an adult, which is violent or threatening for the child. This includes
neglect. When child abuse occurs in the home and the abuser is, for example, the child’s
parent or care-giver, this is a form of domestic violence .
Cybercrime and online fraud - Cybercrime refers to a variety of crimes carried out online,
using the internet through computers, laptops, tablets, internet-enabled televisions, games
consoles and smart phones. Cyber-enacted crimes can only be committed on the internet –
stealing confidential information that’s stored online, for example. Other crimes which are
carried out online, but could be committed without the use of the internet, such as sexual
grooming, stalking or harassment, bullying, and financial or romance fraud, are called cyber-
enabled crimes.
Arson - Arson by definition is the willful and malicious setting fire to, or causing to be
burned, or aiding, counseling or procuring the burning of, a dwelling house, or building
adjoining or adjacent to a dwelling house, or a building by the burning whereof a dwelling
house is burned, whether such dwelling house or other building is the property of himself or
another and whether the same is occupied or unoccupied.
Domestic abuse - Also called "domestic violence" or "intimate partner violence", can be
defined as a pattern of behavior in any relationship that is used to gain or maintain power
and control over an intimate partner. Abuse is physical, sexual, emotional, economic or
psychological actions or threats of actions that influence another person. This includes any
behaviors that frighten, intimidate, terrorize, manipulate, hurt, humiliate, blame, injure, or
wound someone. Domestic abuse can happen to anyone of any race, age, sexual
orientation, religion, or gender. It can occur within a range of relationships including couples
who are married, living together or dating. Domestic violence affects people of all
socioeconomic backgrounds and education levels.
2. Give different social and demographic characteristics of victims according to their
victimization. Give at least 4 and explain briefly.
Age - Adolescents and young adults have higher rates of victimization.
Sex - Sexual victimization is typically presented as a gender-based problem involving a
female victim and a male offender.
Income - percentages of low income households, and racially heterogeneous populations
have higher rates of criminal victimization than other types of social areas.
Occupation - Workplace victimization is an act of aggression in an organization by one
employee or group who targets another employee for the purpose of causing harm to the
victim. Harm to the victim includes physical, psychological, or emotional damage that can
last a lifetime.
3. Give specific types of characteristics increase the potential for victimization. Give at least 3
and explain briefly.
Target antagonism - Some characteristics increase risk because they arouse anger, jealousy,
or destructive impulses in potential offenders. Ex) being gay may bring on undeserved
attacks in the street. Being argumentative and alcoholic may provoke barroom assaults.
Target vulnerability - Victim’s physical weakness or psychological distress makes them
incapable of resisting or deterring crime and makes them easy targets.
Target gratifiability - Some victims have some quality, possession, skill or attribute that an
offender wants to obtain, use, have access to or manipulate.
