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Subnet Mask

Subnetting creates smaller networks within a larger network, enhancing routing efficiency by reducing unnecessary traffic. Each device on the internet is assigned an IP address, which is divided into network and host parts, and the subnet mask helps identify the communication range. Subnetting also allows for better allocation of IP addresses, preventing wastage and managing network traffic effectively.

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16 views5 pages

Subnet Mask

Subnetting creates smaller networks within a larger network, enhancing routing efficiency by reducing unnecessary traffic. Each device on the internet is assigned an IP address, which is divided into network and host parts, and the subnet mask helps identify the communication range. Subnetting also allows for better allocation of IP addresses, preventing wastage and managing network traffic effectively.

Uploaded by

Niranjayan Kk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Subnet mask

A subnet or subnetwork is a smaller network inside a large


network. Subnetting makes network routing much more
efficient.

Subnets make networks more efficient. Through subnetting,


network traffic can travel a shorter distance without passing
through unnecessary routers to reach its destination.

Every device that connects to internet will be given id which


is known as ip address

Ip address shows up 4 bytes = 32 bits

(Ex) 192.168.124.2

Which will be 11000000.10101000.01111100.00000010 in


binary

These 32 bytes will be divided into two parts :

Network and host part ,

IPv4 are divided in 4 IP classes. The class of an IP address


determines how the address is allocated and how it is used. It
defines also the subnet mask that fixes the size of the
network.
For instance,systems in the network under class c ,there
may be millions of host,sending data within network will be
traffic,so subnetting makes it easy to identify range of
devices and can send and receive data efficiently
1.Subnetting allows allocating properly IP addresses to
prevent from large amounts of IP addresses going unused.

IP address can’t identify the network range to be


communicated by host .

Subnet mask makes it easy to identify the range to be


communicated
(ex): 192.168.186.19/32

32 represents 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111
which is 255.255.255.255

2^0=1

This makes clear that only ip 192.168.186.19 is present

By borrowing 1 bit makes 2 subnets

/31

255.255.255.254

11111111.11111111.11111111.11111110

Here 1 host bit is present ,so we can make 2 subnetrs

2^1=2

192.168.186.19 and 192.168.186.20 can communicate

So,subnet limits number of hosts to be connected

And decides the range to be connected,so network traffic can


be reduced
As in above table, 32 is the

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