BONGA UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL FORESTRY

Mock Exam one(2016)

1. What is the primary purpose of understanding the theory of investment in the context of
forestry?

A. Enhancing economic returns from forest investments

B. Maximizing forest biodiversity

C. Minimizing the social impact of forestry projects

D. Reducing the overall forest area covered by projects

2. In investment theory for forestry projects, what does the term "net present value" represent?

A. The current value of future cash flows minus initial investment

B. The total volume of timber produced

C. The number of tree species in a given forest area

D. The annual precipitation in a forest region

3. When analyzing the economic contribution of forests, which factor is a key criterion for
evaluating project sustainability?

A. Minimizing the environmental impact of forestry activities

B. Maximizing the height of trees in the forest

C. Focusing solely on short-term economic gains

D. Ignoring the potential social implications of projects.

4. What role does the concept of "opportunity cost" play in project analysis within the forestry
sector?

A. Assessing the potential benefits foregone by choosing one project over another

B. Evaluating the age of trees in a forest

C. Analysing the total land area covered by the forest

D. Measuring the annual precipitation in a forest region.

 5. When assessing the economic viability of a forestry project, which financial metric is
commonly used to determine profitability over time?

A. Return on Investment

B. Gross Domestic Product

C. Carbon sequestration rate

D. Forest biodiversity index

6. In the context of analysing the economic contribution of forests, why is it essential to consider
both direct and indirect economic benefits?

A. To minimize environmental impact

B. To enhance short-term profitability

C. To capture the full range of economic contributions

D. To reduce social implications

7. A Before directly going to seed collection, which activity may not be considered under
planning phase?

A. Identifying, mapping and regularly surveying of seed sources

B. Identification of parent trees, flowing, fruiting and deciding on harvesting time

C. Deciding on pre-sowing treatment

D. Organizing collection teams, equipment, transport, permit and record keeping

E. Deciding on appropriate seed collection mechanism

8. Of the following one is incorrect about condition to be considered for area of seed source
selection?

A. Similarity of the locality with nursery and plantation site

B. Existence of at least 30 sufficiently old, big, healthy and vigorous trees

C. Flowing and fruiting of most trees in the year of good climatic conditions

D. An area which has baseline information, particularly if it is natural forest.

E. An area which is reasonably easy to reach with a vehicle

 9. Which one is wrong statement about plant phenology and physiology for planning and
preparation of seed collection?

A. If many trees in the stand flower prolifically there is a potential for a good seed crop

B. Climate correlation and phenology tables will be used in area with erratic rainfall or temperature

C. In dry climates most species flower during the dry season and fruits are mature and dispersed just
before or during the early part of the rainy season

D. Fruits of some species grow quickly into mature size, in others it may take several months

E. Unless the species is prone to heavy predation or late fruit abortion, a reliable quantitative crop
assessment can usually be carried out on immature fruits

10. Which one is wrong about seed storage mechanism?

A. Store seeds at the lowest possible temperature that will not damage the seeds.

B. Eliminate as many pathogens as possible after storage

C. Store orthodox and intermediate seeds with low moisture content in airtight containers.

D. Store recalcitrant seeds in material permeable to gases but that retains of moisture.

11. Which one of the following is a pretreatment mechanism for Physical dormancy?

A. Mechanical cracking of restricting structure

B. Mechanical scarification, boiling water or acid pretreatment

C. Removal of fruit pulp plus leaching with water

D. Stratification

12. Which pretreatment mechanism is used to overcome for Chemical dormancy?

A. Mechanical cracking of restricting structure

B. Mechanical scarification, boiling water or acid pretreatment

C. Removal of fruit pulp plus leaching with water

D. Stratification

E. Exposure to light
 13. Which one of the following is not an advantage of tree nursery establishment?

A. Income generation for operators & employment opportunities for technical, skilled, semi-skilled,
unskilled labor

B. Serve as important training and research ground for many smallholder farmers

C. Propagating recalcitrant seeds and species with irregular flowering/fruiting

D. Provide optimum care and attention to seedlings during their critical juvenile stage

E. Producing genetically inferior planting materials

14. Which site characteristics is not suitable for nursery and plantation establishment

A. A site with long growing period

B. A site with deep clay soil

C. A site with access of water throughout the year

D. A site large enough for production and free of conflict

E. A site which is accessible to transport

15. In area where there is a shortage of water what kinds of seed bed should be prepared?

A. Sunken beds and sunken pathways

B. Raised beds and sunken pathways

C. Sunken beds and raised pathways

D. Raised beds and raised route pathways

16. When direct sowing onto pots can be done?

A. Germination percent is known to be fairly high

B. Germination period is long

C. Transplanting would not cause damage or deaths to seedlings

D. The species develops a long sensitive taproot

 17. If the site is accessible, poor in pre-existing forest stand with medium to good fertility, what
land use allocation and management system you will recommend?

A. Commercial reforestation with intensive mechanized methods

B. Commercial reforestation with intensive manual methods

C. Management of the natural existed stand

D. Management possible with protective reforestation using extensive methods

18. Which one is not a characteristics of species used for veneer production?

A. Strong wood–Specific gravity usually higher than 0.4

B. Moderate to fast growth and ability to grow to large size

C. Straight and circular bole and minimal branches

D. Poor seasoning, preservation and resistance to termites and other damaging agents

19. Which species will not be preferred for timber production?

A. Acacia decurrens

B. Cupressus lusitanica

C. Eucalyptus globulus

D. Pinus patula

20. Under what circumstance manual site clearance method is exercised?

A. Where the grounds cover requires a maximum of disturbance prior to planting.

B. Where there is shortage of labor

C. Where the terrain is too difficult for operation

D. Where the plantation is intended to be large-scale production

21. When circumstance planting without pitting is being practiced?

A. When small bare-rooted seedlings are intended to be grow

B. When the area is moisture deficient

C. When species are sensitive to weed and other factors

D. When the area is nutrient poor

 22. Under what condition, weeding can be done frequently for prolonged period?

A. The tree crop has fast growth rate

B. Woody re-growth vegetation or climber dominates site

C. Trees have heavy crown density

D. Very close spacing is used

23. Which one is correct statement about spacing?

A. Closer spacing is often recommended for poorer site

B. Slower growing species need to be planted at wider spacing

C. Wider spacing is beneficial if intermediate return is considered

D. Wider spacing is appropriate for saw log and veneer producing species

24. Under what circumstance, selection thinning is not applied?

A. If the plantation objective is production of pulpwood and poles

B. If the plantation objective is production of large-sized trees

C. Where early mortality has led to the formation of uneven stand structure

D. If there are substantial co-dominants and subdominant trees with good form

25. What is the primary advantage of mulching?

A. Increasing soil temperature

B. It allows the loss of water

C. Conserve soil moisture

26. Which of the following characteristics best describes good nursery soil?

A. Correct acidity

B. Good drainage

C. Sufficient adhesion to form a soil cylinder

D. All
 27. Which of the following statements is true regarding the advantages of bare-rooted seedlings?

A. It’s easy to transport

B. It’s expensive to raise in the nursery

C. It can be stored for very long period of time

D. It needs skilled workers

28. Assume that you have been requested to determine the area needed to raise 10,000 seedlings
in the upcoming year. The size of the poltythe is 12 lay flat, and the expected failure rate is
10%, with a future expansion rate of 20%. Therefore, how much area is needed for none
productive area?

A. 1467 m2

B. 65m2

C. 156 m2

D. 169 m2

29. Based on the above question, how much area is needed for reserve bed

A. 169 m2

B. 65 m2

C. 13 m2

D. 15.6 m2

30. Based on the above question, how much area is needed for Seed bed

A. 13 m2

B. 7.64 m2

C. 169 m2

D. 15.6 m2

31. Which one of the following true about angiosperms?

A. Dicotyledons make up the major diversity of woody plants.

B. Most monocotyledons make up the major diversity of woody plants

C. Dicotyledons are herbaceous D. All

 32. Which one of the following is true about some collective terms apply to the floral parts?

A. all sepals are called the coralla

B. all petals called calyx

C. all sepals are called the calyx

D. Al is Correct

33. Which one of the following is correct regarding function of parts of seed?

A. Testa stores food

B. Cotyledon gives protection to the seed

C. Testa encloses the embryo

34. Which one of the following true about collection of seed after shaking?

A. Relatively low trees with dehiscent small-seeded fruit

B. Relatively low and young trees with a straight thin trunk

C. The method is usually applicable for a species with a long maturation period.

D. It’s applicable for short trees

35. Why the separation of fruits from seeds is required

A. To increase weight and volume

B. To enable more slow drying

C. To eliminate the negative impact of fruit chemistry on germination

36. What is silviculture?

A. The study of life where the predominate vegetation is trees

B. The art and science of managing quality forests

C. The selection of the highest quality trees to maximize profits

D. The removal of all trees to maximize regeneration of shade intolerant trees

 37. Which is a forest management where almost all the trees are at the same age?

A. Uneven aged

B. Over mature

C. Even aged

D. Intermediate

38. The removal of individual trees of all size classes more or less uniformly throughout the stand
to maintain an uneven-aged stand is refers to?

A. Group tree selection system

B. Domestication

C. Single tree selection system

D. Cutting cycle

39. Species having a capacity to compete for survival under shady conditions are?

A. Light – demanding species

B. Semi-shade-tolerant

C. Shade- tolerant species

D. Conditionally tolerant species

40. Which of the following can not be an example of agroforestry system?

A. Crops + Trees

B. Trees + Pasture

C. Crops + Tree + Animals

D. Crops + animals

41. The basic procedure of diagnosis and design methodology in which the causal factors,
constraints and intervention points are the key factors to be considered is?

A. Pre-diagnostic stage

B. Diagnostic stage

C. Designing stage D. Planning stage

 42. Which one of the following is incorrect regarding to the concept of Dendrology?

A. Dendrology is the science and study of wooded plants specifically, their taxonomic classifications.

B. Dendrology is a science that studies, identifies, and even names plants that have woody structural
systems.

C. Dendrology is making clear line of demarcation between trees and shrubs.

D. Dendrology will include all woody plants, native and non-native, that occur in a region.

43. How you can identify tree from shrubs and lianas?

A. Tree is plants without a perennial aboveground stem

B. Tree is a woody plant which at maturity is 6 m or more in height, with a single trunk,.

C. Tree is smaller and usually exhibit several erect, spreading or prostrate stems and general bushy
appearance.

D. Tree is plants with medium to small, woody perennial aboveground stems, mostly less than 3 m
tall

44. Why do botanists use Latinized scientific names instead of common names?

A. Scientific names are not universal and do not provide information indicating the generic and family
relationships.

B. Common or vernacular names are not universal and may be applied only in a single language.

C. If a plant is well known, a single taxon may have different scientific names.

D. Sometimes one scientific name may be used for different taxa

45. A collection of pressed and dried plants arranged in some order and available for reference or
study is known as?

A. Herbarium

B. B. Specimen

C. Labelling

D. Filling
 46. One of the following is not practical procedures can be used for identification?

A. Expert recognition and determination

B. Comparison

C. Keys

D. Geographically distribution

47. An epigynous flower has a hypanthium, which is fused to the ovary and therefore the sepals,
petals and stamens appear to arise from the top of the ovary, so ovary in an epigynous flower
is?

A. Inferior ovary

B. Half-inferior ovary

C. Superior ovary

D. Half- superior ovary

48. Which one of the following statement is true about tree height measurement by using
clinometer instrument?

A. For down slope measurement, the base reading will be subtracted from the top reading.

B. For down slope measurement, the base reading will be added to the top reading.

C. For up slope measurement, the top reading will be subtracted from the base reading.

D. For up slope measurement, the base reading will be added to the top reading

49. Which one of the following is incorrect regarding to reasons why the diameter or
circumference at DBH is of particular importance?

A. DBH is a characteristic, which can be easily assessed.

B. The DBH is the most important measurement element and provides the basis for other
computations.

C. From the DBH the stand basal area is calculated by summation of the basal areas of trees in stand.

D. Tree DBH is the reduction factor by which the product of basal area and tree height has to be
multiplied to obtain the tree volume.
 50. Which one of the following is incorrect regarding to forest mensuration?

A. Forest mensuration is activity of data collection that helps for generating required information
base.

B. Mensuration is part of mathematics that deals with length, mass, time.

C. It is derived from a latin word “mensura” meaning measurement

D. Forest mensuration deals with determination of dimensions (e.g. diameter, height,

51. Which one of the following is the most precise formula, as it takes into account the different
forms the tree stem can assume: cone, paraboloid, neloïd and cylinder for stem volume
calculation?

A. Huber’s formula

B. Smalian’s formula

C. Newton’s formula

D. Husch’s formula

52. Which one of the following is most basic strategy where all strata get same number of
samples?

A. Optimum allocation

B. Neyman allocation

C. Uniform allocation

D. Uniform allocation

53. Sampling design in which population is first divided into units (primary units), then, each
primary unit is sub-divided in to secondary units sub-sampling is?

A. Multi-stage sampling

B. Simple random sampling

C. Stratified sampling

D. Systematic sampling
 54. Which one of the following is not the objective of planning of timber harvesting?

A. Optimizing harvesting and production rate

B. Maximizing transportation cost

C. Minimizing environmental impacts

D. Ensuring the safety of workers

55. Which of the following terms refers to all activities under taken to felling, topping, trimming,
bucking, debarking and preparation to extraction?

A. Extraction

B. Logging

C. Cutting

D. Cross cutting

56. From the following which one is not the kind of wood products?

A. Lumber

C. Veneer

B. Plywood

D. Biscuit Joiner

57. Which one is an example of hand-held power tools?

A. Jig saw

C. Band saw

B. Table saw

D. Double side planer

58. Which one of the following is the correct wood processing technique?

A. Logging, log crane, cutting, grading, jointing, molding, laminating, sanding, finishing & packaging

B. Logging, log crane, cutting, grading, , laminating, jointing, molding , sanding, finishing & packaging

C. Logging, log crane, cutting, grading, molding, laminating, jointing, , sanding, finishing & packaging

D. Logging, log crane, cutting, grading, jointing, laminating, molding, , sanding, finishing & packaging
 59. -------Is drying mechanism where air movement is not obstructed by tall trees or buildings &
the ground surface is kept free of debris and vegetation is?

A. Kiln dryer

B. Manual drying

C. Natural drying B

60. Which one is not true about principles of safety during working with machine?

A. Long sleeves on shirts should be rolled up above the elbows.

B. Use Pull back and secure long hair.

C. Do not wear thin fabric shoes, sandals, open-toed shoes, and high-heeled shoes.

D. A machinist's apron tied in a quick release manner should be worn.

61. One is not common operating procedure for all machine?

A. Keep all guards in place while operating the machine.

B. While operating the machine allow no one else to touch it.

C. Keep hands away from moving tools.

D. Before starting the machine, ensure the spindle work has the cup center imbedded

62. -------Is a factory where trees are cut up into pieces with machines is called?

A. Sawmill

B. Ply mill

C. Chamber

D. None

63. Which one is not true about milling machines?

A. Are the most versatile of all machine

B. Flat or contoured surfaces may be machined with excellent finish and accuracy.

C. Angles, slots, gear teeth, and recess cuts can be made by using various cutters.

D. It can also be used for rabbeting, grooving, fluting, and beading.

 64. All are a good restoration and rehabilitation techniques for forest ecosystem except?

A. Plant native plants and put out a water source

B. Reducing the activities responsible of degradation

C. Increasing food security and improving human well-being

D. Planning mega project at local level for restoration and rehabilitation techniques

65. How to reduce forest ecosystem degradation?

A. Encouraging unsustainable forest management practices

B. Discussion with local community cause and consequence of forest degradation

C. Excessive exploitation of forest resources,

D. Forest encroachment for agriculture/livestock

66. One is not ecosystem degradation?

A. Water degradation

B. Atmospheric degradation

C. Forest degradation

D. None

67. The replacement of one organism by other with in a series time change is?

A. Ecological succession

B. Ecosystem restoration

C. Ecosystem rehabilitation

D. Area closure

68. Ecological succession processes that development of bare area is?

A. Nudation

B. Invasion

C. Stabilization

D. Reaction
 69. Major restoration and rehabilitation techniques used in sub- Saharan Africa?

A. Natural Regeneration

B. Agroforestry practices

C. Soil and Water Conservation

D. All of the above are correct answers

70. A mechanism that simple improving the degraded habitat is?

A. Restoration

B. Rehabilitation

C. Reclamation

D. Area closure

71. All of the following are man-induced abuse that forest protection seeks to prevent except?

A. Pollution of soil on which forests grow

B. Expanding city that resulting urban sprawl

C. Unsustainable farming and logging

D. Bark beetle outbreaks and fungal attacks to stand forest

72. One of the following activities is the action of forest disease control strategy in Legal
procedures?

A. Plant quarantines

B. Sanitation

C. use of genetically resistant varieties

D. Prescribed fire

73. Which one of the following is correctly matched in forest protection mechanism?

A. Biological control, Releasing natural enemies

B. Mechanical approach, Releasing pheromone trap

C. Chemical approaches-burning of material that was attacked by pests.

D. Mowing-Most used chemical approach

 74. All of the following causes of defoliation except?

A .Occurrence of forest pests and diseases

B. Insects are causing serious problem

C. Known as forest pests

D. fruits and seeds of forest trees increasing

75. One of the following is not threats of forest ecosystems?

A. Deforestation

B. Illegal lodging

C. Forest fire

D. restoration

76. Except one all factors make forest fire control work particularly difficult and dangerous?

A. Excessive heat radiated by the fire

B. Poor visibility due to smoke and dust

C. Difficult terrain, fires always follow wind patterns and generally move uphill

D. Possibility of outrunning a fire during strong winds MEAN fires move less than person can run

77. Except one all of the following are methods and tactics are used in breaking the Fire Triangle?

A. Digging a line or trench to separate the fire from the surrounding fuel

B. Spraying water or using dirt to “smother” the fire in order to remove the oxygen.

C. Adding fuel

D. Cooling with water or dirt to remove the heat.

78. Except one all are affected by Forest fire?

A. Atmosphere

B. Ground Water

C. Human being

D. None
 79. Which of the following is/are Weak Forest Fire Management System, which makes Fire
prevention/control difficult?

A. Appropriate land use and forest policies with functional legislation

B. Sufficient research on forest fire

C. Weak institutional arrangements of the sub-sector

D. Fair cost and benefits sharing mechanisms

80. Which one of the following is incorrect about the effects wind on fire behavior?

A. Mitigate the impact

B. Drives convective heat into adjacent fuels

C. Improvement in soil moisture content

D. Carries moist air away replacing it with drier air

81. Which one of the following is true about advantages of Controlled Grazing?

A. Soil compaction by the grazing animals and subsequent erosion

B. Damage to the trees by browsing animals

C. Fuel reduction within the forest

D. All

82. All materials lying on or immediately above the ground including needles or leaves, grass,
downed logs, stumps, large limbs and low shrubs are called?

A. Ground fuel

B. Surface fuel

C. Aerial fuels

D. All

83. The survival and successful growth performance of the established plantation will largely
depend on all of the following follow-up activities except?

A Mulching

B. Weed expansion

C. Beating up D. Thinning
 84. Why the newly planted trees will perform better with mulching?

A. Conserving soil moisture

B. Increases soil temperature extremes

C. Increasing soil compaction

D. Increases growth of weeds

85. Which one of the following aspects of an area is not considered in land evaluation for
plantation?

A. Biophysical attributes of the area

B. Plant nutrient cycling

C. Environmental impact assessment

D. Market and economic aspects

86. While choosing trees for a plantation site which of the following component is not
considered?

A. Seed bed selection

B. Desirable tree characteristics

C. Tree maintenance capabilities

D. Site attributes

87. All of the following are general rules that can be applied for tree planting except?

A. Inserting roots into the soil up to the root collar

B. Enhancing root damage by breaking

C. Firming soil around roots using the heel

D. Removing impervious containers before planting

88. Nutrients are purposively added to plantation forests to all of the following except ?

A. Stimulate the rapid early growth of trees

B. Stimulate competing species for nutrients

C. Correct nutrient deficiencies

D. Increase the volume of wood produced

89. Site preparation and weed control are?

A. Steps in maximizing the survival and early growth of trees

B. Only practices in highly industrialized plantation forestry

C. Too expensive to apply on all sites

D. Increases weed expansion

90. The stage of plantation management that represents the greatest risk and involves the
majority of costs over a rotation is?

A. Harvesting of the final tree crop

B. Application of thinning and pruning

C. Establishment of sites and field managements

D. Plantation protection from fire and disease

91. Among the following, which is not true about preparation of planting pit?

A. Vegetation must be clear around the pit to reduce competition

B. The pit must be at least as big as the pot

C. Usually a pit needs to be 10 cm deep and 40 cm wide

D. The pit must be filled with the fertile topsoil first

92. For small-scale forest plantations, lay-out planning consists of all of the following except?

A. Spacing decision

B. Area survey and marking operation

C. Nursery shade preparation

D. Mapping the location of the plantation

 93. Which one is not the appropriate time for planting?

A. Mid day

B. Cloudy time

C. Evening time

D. Rainy fallen time

94. As a forester you have to know about the ground rules during tree planting. Which one is not
the rule among the given?

A. insert roots into the soil up to the root collar

B. Avoid damaged roots by breaking, bending or crushing

C. Firm soil around the roots using the heel or ball of the foot

D. Don’t Remove impervious containers before planting

95. If you are requested to plant trees for environmental or ecological purpose; which space you
will use?

A. 2m*2m

B. 2.5m*2.5m

C. 3m*3m

D. 1m*1m

96. Initial survival of seedlings can be affected by many factors except the one?

A. improper planting skill

B. favorable weather

C. high intensity of shock during transportation

D. Poor soil conditions

97. ----------arises from dormant buds at the root collars of tree stumps?

A. Stump-sprouts

B. Seedling-sprouts

C. Sprouts from adventitious buds D. Layering

 98. Which spacing that gives the smallest number of trees per hectare?

A. 1.5m X 2

B. 2.5m X 2.5m

C. 1m X 1m

D. 2.5m X 2m

99. Which one is not a factor in deciding the size of spacing for planting?

A. Type of the plant

B. Size of the planting pit

C. The growth rate of the tree species to be planted

D. The productivity of the planting site the purpose of planting

100. Geographical region dominated by grass and grass-like species and it encompass
about 50% of around the world land area is?

A. Forest biodiversity area

B. Grass land biodiversity area

C. Aquatic biodiversity area

D. Rangeland biodiversity area

101. ----- is the practice of protecting the natural environment and its biological diversity?

A.

A. Biodiversity conservation

B. Species conservation

C. Forest conservation

D. Grass land conservation

102. The branch of biodiversity provides 60% of all the world's medicine?

A. Animals

B. Bacteria
C. Plants

103. Which one of the following countries is not 'mega diverse'?

A.

A. Australia

B. England

C. USA

D. India