™
Cambridge IGCSE
SOCIOLOGY 0495/21
Paper 2 October/November 2024
1 hour 45 minutes
You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.
You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)
*2317257116*
INSTRUCTIONS
• Answer two questions.
• Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
11_0495_21_2024_1.13
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
2
Answer two questions
Section A: Family
1 Culture and demographic trends affect family life and family functions. Sociologists argue that some
families do not socialise children effectively. Other sociologists are more positive about families
and argue that there is now more gender equality in family life.
(a) What is meant by the term ‘family functions’? [2]
(b) Describe two demographic trends affecting the family. [4]
(c) Explain how family life can vary cross-culturally. [6]
(d) Explain why sociologists argue some families do not socialise their children effectively. [8]
(e) To what extent has gender equality in the family been achieved? [15]
Section B: Education
2 There are inequalities in patterns of educational achievement. Some students choose to join
anti-school sub-cultures. Sociologists debate whether educational achievement is affected by the
type of school attended. Setting occurs in most types of schools.
(a) What is meant by the term ‘setting’? [2]
(b) Describe two examples of inequality in patterns of educational achievement. [4]
(c) Explain how a lack of cultural capital disadvantages some students. [6]
(d) Explain why some students join anti-school sub-cultures. [8]
(e) To what extent does the type of school a student attends affect their educational
achievement? [15]
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Section C: Crime, deviance and social control
3 Crime and deviance are relative. Functionalists and Marxists disagree in their views on crime. Crime
statistics can be affected by a range of factors, including police targeting. In some societies exile
occurs.
(a) What is meant by the term ‘exile’? [2]
(b) Describe two ways crime and deviance are relative. [4]
(c) Explain how functionalists view crime. [6]
(d) Explain why some young people commit crime. [8]
(e) To what extent are crime statistics most affected by police targeting? [15]
Section D: Media
4 The press are an important part of the media. Different social groups use the media in different
ways. Some sociologists are very critical of the media, despite media representations changing.
Other sociologists debate whether media censorship is possible.
(a) What is meant by the term ‘the press’? [2]
(b) Describe two sociological criticisms of the media. [4]
(c) Explain how people of different ages use the media. [6]
(d) Explain why media representations are changing. [8]
(e) To what extent is media censorship possible? [15]
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