VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI- 590 018

Report
on
NON CREDIT MANDATORY COURSE (NCMC)
Physical Education & Sports- 21PE83
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Award of Degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
in

Information Science and Engineering

Submitted by
JASWANTH ALLURI
1RN21IS061

NCMC Guide and Dept. Coordinator Physical Education

Dr. Prakasha S Mr. Prathap N
Assoc. Prof., ISE Dept. Physical Edu - Director

Department of Information Science and Engineering

RN SHETTY TRUST®

RNS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU, Recognized by GOK, Approved by AICTE
(NAAC ‘A+ Grade’ Accredited, NBA Accredited (UG - CSE, ECE, ISE, EIE and EEE)
Channasandra, Dr. Vishnuvardhan Road, Bengaluru - 560 098
Ph: (080)28611880, 28611881 URL: www.rnsit.ac.in
2024– 25
 RN SHETTY TRUST®

RNS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU, Recognized by GOK, Approved by AICTE
(NAAC ‘A+ Grade’ Accredited, NBA Accredited (UG - CSE, ECE, ISE, EIE and EEE)
Channasandra, Dr. Vishnuvardhan Road, Bengaluru - 560 098
Ph: (080)28611880, 28611881 URL: www.rnsit.ac.in
Department of Information Science and Engineering

NON CREDIT MANDATORY COURSE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Non-Credit Mandatory Course (NCMC)- Physical Education &
Sports (21PE83) has been successfully carried out by JASWANTH ALLURI bearing USN:
1RN21IS061 bonafide student of RNS Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Dept. of Information
Science and Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during 2024-
25. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been
incorporated in the report. The NCMC- Physical Education & Sports (21PE83) report has
been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of NCMC for the said
degree.

……………………… ……………………… ……………………… …………………….…

Dr. Prakasha S Mr. Prathap N Dr. Suresh L Dr. Ramesh Babu H S
NCMC Guide and Physical Education Prof. & HoD, Principal
Dept. Coordinator Director Dept. of ISE

External Exam
Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

1. …………………………… ………………………...

2. …………………………… ………………………...
 RN SHETTY TRUST®

RNS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU, Recognized by GOK, Approved by AICTE
(NAAC ‘A+ Grade’ Accredited, NBA Accredited (UG - CSE, ECE, ISE, EIE and EEE)
Channasandra, Dr. Vishnuvardhan Road, Bengaluru - 560 098
Ph: (080)28611880, 28611881 URL: www.rnsit.ac.in
Department of Information Science and Engineering

DECLARATION

I,JASWANTH ALLURI bearing the USN 1RN21IS061 , student of Bachelor of Engineering in Dept.
of Information Science and Engineering at RNS Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, hereby declare
that the Non Credit Mandatory Course( NCMC) - Physical Education & Sports (21PE83) work has
been carried out by me under the supervision and guidance of Department Staff Coordinators submitted
by me as a partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering degree in Information Science
and Engineering from Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during 2024-25. I also declare
that, this work has not been submitted previously for the award of any degree or diploma, by me, to any
institution.

JASWANTH ALLURI
1RN21IS061
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I want to profoundly thank the Management of RNS Institute of Technology for providing me
such a healthy environment for the pursuing this work.

I am thankful to Dr. M K Venkatesha, Director, RNS Institute of Technology for providing me

excellent facilities for carrying out this programme.

I am grateful to Dr. Ramesh Babu H S, Principal, RNS Institute of Technology for providing me
excellent facilities and academic ambience for carrying out this work at RNSIT.

I express my thanks to Dr. Suresh L, Prof. & Head, ISE Dept. for her valuable support.

I am also grateful to NCMC guide and Department Coordinator Dr. Prakasha S for the support
extended during the execution of NCMC.

I am also grateful to Mr. Prathap N, Physical Education Director for his valuable guidance,
suggestions, and cheerful encouragement during the Non-Credit Mandatory Course NCMC.

Finally, I take this opportunity to extend my gratitude and respect to my parents, teaching and
non-teaching staff of the Department and all my friends who have directly or indirectly supported
me during the period this course.

JASWANTH ALLURI
1RN21IS061
 Visvesvaraya Technological University
(State University of Government of Karnataka Established as per the VTU Act, 1994)
“Jnana Sangama”, Belagavi - 590 018, Karnataka State
Department of Physical Education & Sports
Guideline for Athletic and Sports
Semest Course Title C No. of
er o Hours
Fitness Components Meaning and Importance, Fit India Movement, Definition of
fitness, Components of n
fitness, Benefits of fitness, Types tof fitness and Fitness tips.
e
Practical Components: Speed, Strength, Endurance,
Flexibility, and Agility n
KABADDI t
A. Fundamental skills
1. Skills in Raiding: Touching with hands, Use of leg-toe
Speed Strength touch, squat leg thrust, side kick, mule kick, arrow fly
Endurance Agility kick, crossing of baulk line. Crossing of Bonus line.
Flexibility 2. Skills of holding the raider: Various formations,
catching from particular position, different catches,
catching formation and techniques.
3. Additional skills in raiding: Escaping from various
holds, techniques of escaping from chain formation,
offense and defense.
4. Game practice with application of Rules and
Regulations. Total
A.
B. Fundamental skills interpretations and duties of the
Rules and their 32 hrs
1. Skills in Chasing: Sit on the box (Parallel & Bullet toe
officials.
rd
3 Sem method), Get up from the box (Proximal & Distal foot
method), Give Kho (Simple, Early, Late & 2 hrs /
Judgment), Pole Turn, Pole Dive, Tapping, week
Kho kho
Hammering, Rectification of foul.
2. Skills in running: Chain Play, Ring play and Chain &
Ring mixed play.
3. Game practice with application of Rules and
Regulations.
A.
B. Fundamental skills interpretations and duties of the
Rules and their
1. Skills in Raiding: Touching with hands, Use of leg-toe
officials.
touch, squat leg thrust, side kick, mule kick, arrow fly
kick, crossing of baulk line. Crossing of Bonus line.
2. Skills of holding the raider: Various formations,
Kabaddi catching from particular position, different catches,
catching formation and techniques.
3. Additional skills in raiding: Escaping from various
holds, techniques of escaping from chain formation,
offense and defense.
4. Game practice with application of Rules and
Regulations.
Track Events
B. Rules and their interpretations and duties of the officials
1. Starting Techniques: Standing start and Crouch start (its
variations) use of Starting Block.
Athletics Track- 2. Acceleration with proper running techniques.
Sprints Jumps- Long 3. Finishing technique: Run Through, Forward Lunging and
th Jump Throws- Shot Shoulder Shrug.
4 Sem
Put Long Jump: Approach Run, Take-off, Flight in the air (Hang
Style/Hitch Kick) and Landing
Shot put: Holding the Shot, Placement, Initial Stance, Glide,
Delivery Stance Recovery (Perry O’Brien Technique)

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Physical Education & Sports- 21PE83

A. Fundamental skills Total

1. Service: Under arm service, Side arm service, Tennis 32 hrs
service, Floating service.
Volleyball 2. Pass: Under arm pass, Over head pass.
3. Spiking and Blocking. 2 hrs /
4. Game practice with application of Rules and week
Regulations
B. Rules and their interpretation and duties of officials.
A. Fundamental skills:
Overhand service, Side arm service, two hand catching, one
Throw ball hand overhead return, side arm return.
B. Rules and their interpretations and duties of officials

110 Mtrs and 400Mtrs:

Athletics
Hurdling Technique :Lead leg Technique, Trail leg
Track- 110 &400
Technique, Side Hurdling, Over the Hurdles Crouch start (its
Mtrs
variations) use of Starting Block.
Hurdles Jumps-
Approach to First Hurdles, In Between Hurdles, Last Hurdles
High Jump
to Finishing.
Throws- Discuss
High jump: Approach Run, Take-off, Bar Clearance
Throw
(Straddle) and Landing.
Discus
A. Fundamental
Throw: Holding
Skills the Discus, Initial Stance Primary
1. Kicking:
Swing, Turn,
Kicking
Release
the ball
and with
Recovery
inside(Rotation
of the foot,
in theKicking
circle). the
ball with Full Instep of the foot, Kicking the ball with Inner
Instep of the foot, Kicking the ball with Outer Instep of the
foot and Lofted Kick.
2. Trapping: Trapping- the Rolling ball, and the Bouncing ball with
sole of the foot.
3. Dribbling: Dribbling the ball with Instep of the foot, Dribbling Total
Football the ball with Inner and Outer Instep of the foot. 32 hrs
th 4. Heading: In standing, running and jumping condition.
5 Sem
5. Throw-in: Standing throw-in and Running throw-in.
6. Feinting: With the lower limb and upper part of the body. 2 hrs /
7. Tackling: Simple Tackling, Slide Tackling. week
8. Goal Keeping: Collection of Ball, Ball clearance- kicking,
throwing and deflecting.
9. Game practice with application of Rules and Regulations.
B. Rules and their interpretation and duties of officials.
A. Fundamental Skills
1. Passing: Short pass, Long pass , push pass, hit
2. Trapping.
3. Dribbling and Dozing.
4. Penalty stroke practice.
Hockey 5. Penalty corner practice.
6. Tackling: Simple Tackling, Slide Tackling.
7. Goal Keeping, Ball clearance- kicking, and deflecting.
8. Game practice with application of Rules and Regulations.
B. Rules and their interpretation and duties of officials.

Relay Race: Starting, Baton Holding/Carrying, Baton Total

Athletics Track- Exchange in between zone, and Finishing 32 hrs
Relays Jumps- Triple Jump: Approach Run, Take-off, Flight in the Hop,
th Triple Jump Step, Jump and Landing
6 Sem
Throws- Javelin Javelin Throw: Grip, Carry, and Recovery 2 hrs /
Throw (3/5 Impulse stride). Release week

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Physical Education & Sports- 21PE83

A. Fundamental Skills
1. Batting - Forward Defense Stroke, Backward Defense Stroke, Off
Drive, On Drive, Straight Drive, Cover Drive, Square Cut.
2. Bowling -Out-swing, In-swing, Off Break, Leg Break and
CRICKET Googly.
3. Fielding: Catching - The High Catch, The Skim Catch, The
Close Catch and throwing at the stumps from different angles.
Long Barrier and Throw, Short Throw, Long Throw,Throwing
on the Turn.
4. Wicket Keeping Skills
A.Fundamental
B. Rules and their
Player Stances interpretation
– walking, and walking,
extending duties of L
officials
stance, cat
stance
Grip –
BASEBALL standard grip,
choke grip
Batting –
swing and
Athletics bunt. Pitching
Combined Events: Heptathlon all the 7 events
Combined Baseball
Decathlon:: slider,
All 10 fast pitch, curve ball, drop ball, rise ball,
Events
Events- change
Pole Vault: Approachscrew
up, knuckle ball, Run,ball,
Planting the Pole,Take-off,
Heptathlon & B.
BarRules and their
Clearance andinterpretation
Landing. and duties of officials.
Decathlon Hammer Throw: Holding the Hammer, Initial Stance
Jumps- Pole Primary Swing, Turn, Release and Recovery (Rotation in
Vault Throws- the circle).
A. Fundamental Skills
Hammer Throw
1. Passing: Two hand Chest Pass, Two hands Bounce
Pass, One hand Baseball
2. Pass, Side arm Pass, Overhead Pass, Hook Pass.
3. Receiving: Two hand receiving, One hand receiving,
Receiving in stationary position, Receiving while
Jumping and Receiving while Running.
4. Dribbling: How to start dribble, drop dribble, High
Basketball Dribble, Low Dribble, Reverse Dribble, Rolling
Dribble.
5. Shooting: Lay-up shot and its variations, One hand set
shot, Two hands jump shot, Hook shot, Free Throw. Total
6. Rebounding: Defensive rebound and Offensive 32 hrs
rebound.
th 7. Individual Defence: Guarding the player with the ball
7 Sem
and without the ball, Pivoting. 2 hrs /
8. Game practice with application of Rules and week
A. Fundamental skills
Regulations.
1. Catching: one handed, two
B. Rules and their interpretation and handed,
duties ofwith feet grounded
officials
and in flight.
2. Throwing (Different passes and their uses): One hand
passes (shoulder, high shoulder, underarm, bounce,
lob), two hand passes (Push, overhead and bounce).
3. Footwork: Landing on one foot, landing on two feet,
Pivot, Running pass.
Netball 4. Shooting: One hand, forward step shot, and backward
step shot.
5. Techniques of free dodge and sprint, sudden sprint,
sprint and stop, sprinting with change at speed.
6. Defending: Marking the player, marking the ball,
blocking, inside the circle, outside the circle.
Defending the circle edge against the passing.
7. Intercepting: Pass and shot.
8. Game practice with application of Rules and
Regulations.
B. Rules and their interpretation and duties of officials

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Physical Education & Sports- 21PE83

A. Fundamental skills
1. Basic Knowledge: Various parts of the Racket and
Individual Grip.
games 2. Service: Short service, Long service, Long-high
Shuttle service.
Badminton 3. Shots: Over head shot, Defensive clear shot, Attacking
clear shot, Drop shot, Net shot, Smash.
4. Game practice with application of Rules and
A. Fundamental
Regulations.skills
1. Basic
B. Rules Knowledge:
and their Variousand
interpretations parts of the
duties Racket
of the and Grip
officials.
(Shake Hand & Pen Hold Grip).
2. Stance: Alternate & Parallel.
3. Push and Service: Backhand & Forehand.
Table Tennis 4. Chop: Backhand & Forehand.
5. Receive: Push and Chop with both Backhand &
Forehand. Total
6. Game practice with application of Rules and 32 hrs
th Regulations.
8 Sem
B. Rules and their interpretations and duties of the
A. Fundamental Skills
officials 2 hrs /
1. Catching, Throwing and Ball control,
2. Goal Throws: Jump shot, Center shot, Dive shot,
week
Reverse shot.
Handball 3. Dribbling: High and low.
4. Attack and counter attack, simple counter attack,
counter attack from two wings and center.
5. Blocking, GoalKeeping and Defensive skills.
6. Game practice with application of Rules and
Regulations.
A.
B. Fundamental
Rules and skillstheir interpretation and duties of
1. Basic Knowledge: Various parts of the Racket and
officials
Grip.
Ball Badminton 2. Service: Short service, Long service, Long-high service.
3. Shots: Over head shot, Defensive clear shot, Attacking
clear shot, Drop shot, Net shot, Smash.
4. Game practice with application of Rules and
Regulations.
B. Rules and their interpretation and duties of
officials

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Physical Education & Sports- 21PE83

Table of Contents
(As per 2021 Scheme Physical Education & Sports (21PE83) Syllabus)

Chapte Page
Chapter Name
r. No. No.

Fitness Components, Speed Strength Endurance Agility

1
Flexibility, Kabaddi
Athletics Track- Sprints Jumps- Long Jump Throws- Shot Put,
2
Volleyball, Throw ball
Athletics - Track- 110 &400 Mtrs, Hurdles Jumps- High Jump
3
Throws- Discuss Throw, Football, Hockey
Athletics Track- Relays Jumps-Triple Jump, Throws- Javelin
4
Throw, CRICKET, BASEBALL
Athletics Combined Events- Heptathlon & Decathlon Jumps-
5
Pole Vault Throws- Hammer Throw, Basketball, Netball
Individual games - Shuttle Badminton, Table Tennis, Handball,
6
Ball Badminton
7 Sports activity-1

8 Sports activity-2

9 Sports activity-3

10 Sports activity-4

11 Sports activity-5

12 Sports activity-6

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Physical Education & Sports- 21PE83

Chapter 1
Fitness Components, Speed Strength Endurance Agility
Flexibility, Kabaddi
1.1 Fitness Components
Warming Up (Free Hand Exercises)
Warming up is an essential part of any physical activity as it prepares the body for exercise by
gradually increasing heart rate, circulation, and flexibility. Some common free-hand exercises
include:
 Arm rotations
 Neck rolls
 Side bends
 Spot jogging
 Shoulder shrugs
 Lunges and squats
Strength (Push-ups and Pull-ups)
Strength is the ability of muscles to exert force. It plays a crucial role in sports and daily
activities.
 Push-ups: Develop upper body strength, focusing on the chest, shoulders, and triceps.
 Pull-ups: Enhance back and arm strength, improving endurance and grip.
Regular strength training boosts muscle power, enhances performance, and prevents injuries.
Speed (3-meter Dash)
Speed refers to the ability to move quickly across a distance. The 3-meter dash is an effective
test of speed, assessing reaction time and acceleration. It is essential for sports requiring quick
movements, such as Kho Kho and sprinting events.
Agility (Shuttle Run)
Agility is the ability to change direction quickly and efficiently. The shuttle run is a test where
participants sprint back and forth between two points, improving:
 Quick reflexes
 Body coordination
Flexibility (Sit and Reach Test)
Flexibility determines the range of motion around a joint. The sit and reach test is used to
measure lower back and hamstring flexibility. Benefits of flexibility include:

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 Reduced risk of injuries

 Improved posture and movement efficiency
 Enhanced performance in sports requiring extensive motion
Cardiovascular Endurance (Harvard Step Test)
Cardiovascular endurance measures how efficiently the heart, lungs, and blood vessels supply
oxygen to muscles during prolonged physical activity. The Harvard Step Test is a common
endurance test involving:
 Stepping up and down on a platform for a fixed duration
 Measuring heart rate recovery post-exercise
Good cardiovascular endurance is essential for stamina and prolonged sports performance.
1.2 Speed, Strength, Endurance, Agility, Flexibility
Each fitness component plays a vital role in athletic performance:
 Speed enables rapid movement and reaction time.
 Strength provides power for explosive actions.
 Endurance supports sustained activity without fatigue.
 Agility allows for quick directional changes.
 Flexibility prevents injuries and improves range of motion.
Training for these components enhances overall athletic ability, making athletes more
effective in various sports.
1.3 Kabaddi
Kabaddi is a high-intensity contact sport that demands strength, agility, endurance, and
strategy. The game involves raiders tagging defenders and returning to their side while
defenders work together to stop them. Key aspects include:
 Strength: Raiders break through holds; defenders tackle and restrain.
 Agility: Quick direction changes help raiders evade defenders.
 Endurance: Sustained effort is crucial for raiders and defenders.
 Reflexes & Awareness: Quick reactions aid in anticipating moves.
 Team Coordination: Communication ensures successful tackles and
strategies.

Kabaddi enhances fitness, teamwork, and mental resilience, making sport-specific

training essential for peak performance.

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Chapter 2
Athletics Track- Sprints Jumps
2.1 Long Jump
The long jump is a track and field event where athletes sprint down a runway and jump as far
as possible into a sandpit from a take-off board. It tests speed, strength, and agility.
Phases of Long Jump:
 Approach Run: Athletes accelerate down the runway to generate maximum speed.
 Take-off: A strong push-off from the board helps gain height and distance.
 Flight: The athlete maintains body control mid-air to optimize distance.
 Landing: A well-balanced landing ensures the best possible jump measurement.
Training for Long Jump:
 Sprinting drills to improve approach speed.
 Plyometric exercises to enhance explosive power.
 Core strengthening for better balance and control.

2.2 Throws – Shot Put

Shot put is a track and field event where athletes throw a heavy spherical object (shot) as far
as possible. It emphasizes strength, technique, and coordination.
Techniques in Shot Put:
 Grip and Stance: The shot is placed near the neck, and the athlete maintains a balanced
stance.
 Glide or Spin: The two techniques used to generate momentum before the throw.
 Throw and Follow-through: The shot is pushed forcefully using arm strength while
maintaining balance.
Training for Shot Put:
 Weight training to build upper body strength.
 Rotational drills for better throwing motion.
 Footwork exercises for improved stance and power transfer.

2.3 Volleyball
Volleyball is a team sport where two teams of six players each compete to score points by
hitting the ball over the net and into the opponent's court.

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Basic Skills in Volleyball:

 Serving: The act of putting the ball into play.
 Passing: Receiving and controlling the ball to set up an attack.
 Setting: Assisting a teammate by positioning the ball for a hit.
 Spiking: A powerful shot aimed at the opponent’s court.
 Blocking: Defending against an opponent’s spike.
Training for Volleyball:
 Jumping drills for better spikes and blocks.
 Agility drills for quick movements on the court.
 Strength training for powerful serves and hits.

2.4 Throw Ball

Throw ball is a popular team sport similar to volleyball but played with different rules. It
involves throwing and catching the ball instead of hitting it.
Basic Rules of Throw Ball:
 Team Structure: Played between two teams of 7 players each.
 Service: The ball is thrown over the net to start the game.
 Passing: Players must catch and pass the ball within three seconds.
 Scoring: Points are awarded when the ball lands in the opponent’s court or if the
opposing teamcommits a fault.
Training for Throw Ball:
 Hand-eye coordination exercises for better catching and passing.
 Throwing drills to improve accuracy and power.
 Teamwork strategies for effective game play.

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Chapter 3
Athletics
3.1 Track – 110 & 400 Meters
Track events are among the most exciting and physically demanding parts of athletics. They
test an athlete’s speed, endurance, and technique.
110 Meters Sprint:
 A short-distance sprint requiring explosive speed and quick acceleration.
 Athletes must have strong leg power and a fast reaction time.
 Training includes sprint drills, resistance running, and agility exercises.
400 Meters Race:
 Considered a long sprint, requiring both speed and endurance.
 Athletes need efficient pacing to maintain energy throughout the race.
 Training involves interval runs, endurance drills, and sprint-strength exercises.

3.2 Hurdles Jumps – High Jump

The high jump is a track and field event where athletes must clear a horizontal bar using a
specific jumping technique.
High Jump Techniques:
 Approach Run: A controlled run to generate momentum.
 Take-Off: A powerful leap using one leg to propel the body upwards.
 Flight: The body arches over the bar using techniques like the Fosbury Flop.
 Landing: A safe descent onto a cushioned mat.
Training for High Jump:
 Plyometric exercises for explosive power.
 Flexibility drills to improve body control.
 Strength training to enhance jump height.

3.3 Throws – Discus Throw

The discus throw is a track and field event where an athlete throws a heavy disc as far as
possible.
Discus Throw Techniques:
 Grip and Stance: The discus is held with fingers spread wide for control.

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 Rotation: A spinning motion generates force before the release.

 Release: The discus is thrown at an optimal angle for maximum distance.
Training for Discus Throw:
 Strength training for improved arm power.
 Rotational exercises for better throwing technique.
 Agility drills to enhance footwork.

3.4 Football
Football is one of the most popular team sports, requiring speed, agility, teamwork, and
strategy.
Basic Rules of Football:
 Played between two teams of 11 players each.
 The objective is to score goals by kicking the ball into the opponent’s net.
 Players can pass, dribble, and shoot the ball but cannot use their hands (except for
goalkeepers).
Skills in Football:
 Dribbling: Controlling and maneuvering the ball effectively.
 Passing: Delivering accurate passes to teammates.
 Shooting: Striking the ball towards the goal with precision.
 Defending: Preventing the opposing team from scoring.
Training for Football:
 Endurance training for sustained energy during matches.
 Speed drills to improve acceleration.
 Tactical exercises to enhance gameplay strategies.

3.5 Hockey
Hockey is a fast-paced team sport played on a field, with players using sticks to hit a ball and
score goals.
Basic Rules of Hockey:
 Played between two teams of 11 players each.
 The objective is to score goals by hitting the ball into the opponent’s net.
 Players must use their sticks to pass, dribble, and shoot.

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Skills in Hockey:
 Dribbling: Moving the ball with precise stick control.
 Passing: Making accurate passes to teammates.
 Shooting: Striking the ball with power and accuracy.
 Defending: Blocking opponents and intercepting passes.
Training for Hockey:
 Agility drills for quick movements on the field.
 Strength training for better stick handling.
 Teamwork exercises for coordinated gameplay.

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Physical Education & Sports- 21PE83

Chapter 4
4.1 Athletics Track - Relays, Jumps - Triple Jump
Relay races are an essential part of track and field events, requiring teamwork, speed, and
precise baton exchanges. The most common relay races include:
 4x100 meters relay – Each of the four athletes runs a 100-meter stretch before passing
the baton. This race requires explosive speed and smooth transitions.
 4x400 meters relay – Each runner covers a 400-meter lap, emphasizing endurance and
strategy.
 Medley relays – A combination of different distances, such as the sprint medley
(200m, 200m, 400m, 800m) or distance medley (1200m, 400m, 800m, 1600m).
Baton Exchange Techniques
 Upsweep technique – The incoming runner places the baton from below into the hand
of the outgoing runner.
 Downsweep technique – The baton is placed from above into the outgoing runner’s
hand.
 Push-pass technique – The outgoing runner extends their hand backward, and the
baton is directly pushed into it.
Triple Jump
Triple jump is a track and field event where an athlete makes a hop, step, and jump sequence
to cover maximum distance. The three phases are:
 Hop: The athlete takes off from the same foot they landed on.
 Step: The opposite foot lands forward.
 Jump: The athlete leaps into the sandpit, aiming for maximum distance.
Key techniques for success:
 Proper run-up speed and rhythm.
 Balance during the transition between phases.
 Strong takeoff from the board to maximize jump distance.

4.2 Throws - Javelin Throw

Javelin throw is a field event in which an athlete throws a spear-like object called a javelin as
far as possible. The throw is judged by the distance it travels within the legal boundaries.
Phases of Javelin Throw:

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 Grip and Hold: The javelin is held using the V-grip, American grip, or Finnish grip
for control and power.
 Run-up: A controlled sprint to build momentum before the throw.
 Withdrawal & Pre-Throw: The javelin is pulled back while maintaining balance.
 Final Impulse: The athlete plants the front foot firmly and throws the javelin with full
arm extension.
 Follow-through: A smooth finish to maintain control and avoid fouls.
Rules of Javelin Throw:
 The javelin must land tip-first within the marked sector.
 The thrower must not step beyond the foul line.
 Athletes are allowed multiple attempts, with their best throw recorded.
World Records:
 Men’s Record: Jan Železný (Czech Republic) – 98.48m
 Women’s Record: Barbora Špotáková (Czech Republic) – 72.28m

4.3 Cricket
Cricket is a popular bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of eleven players. It
involves batting, bowling, and fielding strategies. The game is played in three formats: Test
Cricket, One Day Internationals (ODIs), and T20 cricket.
Basic Rules of Cricket:
 Each team takes turns to bat and bowl.
 The batting team tries to score runs while the bowling team aims to dismiss the
batters.
 A bowler delivers six balls per over.
 Runs can be scored through boundaries (4 and 6) or by running between the wickets.
 Common dismissals include bowled, caught, LBW (Leg Before Wicket), run-out, and
stumped.
Fielding Positions:
 Slip: Positioned next to the wicketkeeper to catch edges.
 Mid-on & Mid-off: Close to the bowler for defensive fielding.
 Long-on & Long-off: Near the boundary for stopping big shots.

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Popular Cricket Tournaments:

 ICC Cricket World Cup
 Indian Premier League (IPL)
 Ashes Series

4.4 Baseball
Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players. The game consists
of innings where teams take turns batting and fielding.
Basic Rules of Baseball:
 A pitcher throws the ball, and a batter attempts to hit it.
 The batter must run around four bases to score a run.
 The fielding team tries to get three outs to end the opponent’s inning.
 An inning consists of both teams batting once.
 The team with the most runs at the end of nine innings wins.
Types of Pitches:
 Fastball: Thrown at high speed to overpower the batter.
 Curveball: Spins sharply, making it harder to hit.
 Slider: Moves laterally to deceive the batter.
Famous Baseball Leagues:
 Major League Baseball (MLB) – USA
 Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) – Japan
 Caribbean Series – Latin America
Baseball is known for its legends like Babe Ruth, Jackie Robinson, and Derek Jeter, shaping
the sport’s history.

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Chapter 5
Athletics Combined Events
5.1 Heptathlon & Decathlon, Jumps - Pole Vault
The Heptathlon is a combined event in athletics consisting of seven track and field events. It
is primarily contested by women and is spread across two days.
Events in Heptathlon:
 Day 1: 100m hurdles, High jump, Shot put, 200m sprint
 Day 2: Long jump, Javelin throw, 800m run
Athletes earn points based on performance in each event, and the one with the highest
totalwins.

Decathlon
The Decathlon is a ten-event competition, primarily for men, testing an athlete’s
endurance,strength, and versatility.
Events in Decathlon:
 Day 1: 100m sprint, Long jump, Shot put, High jump, 400m sprint
 Day 2: 110m hurdles, Discus throw, Pole vault, Javelin throw, 1500m run

Pole Vault
The Pole Vault is a jumping event where an athlete uses a long, flexible pole to clear a high
bar.
Technique of Pole Vault:
 Approach Run: Sprint down the runway for momentum.
 Plant & Take-off: The pole is planted in the box, and the athlete jumps upward.
 Swing-up & Extension: The body rotates, using the pole’s bend for lift.
 Clearance & Landing: The athlete crosses the bar and lands on a cushioned mat.

5.2 Throws - Hammer Throw, Basketball, Netball

The Hammer Throw is a field event where an athlete swings a metal ball attached to a wire
and releases it for maximum distance.
Phases of Hammer Throw:
 Grip & Stance: The hammer is held with both hands.
 Swing & Turns: The athlete rotates multiple times in a circular motion.
 Release: The hammer is thrown at the right angle for maximum distance.
 Follow-through: Proper balance is maintained to avoid fouling.
Basketball
Basketball is a fast-paced team sport played between two teams of five players each.
Theobjective is to score points by throwing the ball into the opponent’s basket.
Basic Rules of Basketball:
 A game consists of four quarters of 10 or 12 minutes each.
 Players dribble the ball to move and pass to teammates.
 Field goal: 2 points
 Three-pointer: 3 points

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Famous leagues include the NBA and FIBA Basketball World Cup.

Netball
Netball is a team sport played mainly by women, featuring seven players per team.
Basic Rules of Netball:
 The game is divided into four quarters of 15 minutes each.
 Players must pass the ball within three seconds.
 Only designated players can shoot goals.
 No dribbling is allowed; movement is based on passing.
 Netball is widely played in countries like Australia, New Zealand, and England.

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Chapter 6
Individual games
6.1 Shuttle Badminton
A fast-paced racket sport where players hit a shuttlecock over a net.
Basic Rules of Badminton:
 A match is played in a best-of-three games format, with each game played to 21
points.
 The shuttlecock must be hit only once before crossing the net.
 Players serve diagonally, and points are scored when the opponent fails to return the
shuttlecock within the boundaries.
Famous Badminton Tournaments:
 All England Open
 BWF World Championships
 Olympic Badminton
Famous players include P. V. Sindhu, Lin Dan, and Viktor Axelsen.

6.2 Table Tennis

A high-speed indoor game players use small paddles to hit lightweight ball across table.
Basic Rules of Table Tennis:
 A game is played to 11 points, and a match is usually best of 5 or 7 games.
 Players must allow the ball to bounce once on their side before returning it.
 A legal serve must be tossed at least 6 inches in the air before being struck.
Types of Table Tennis Shots:
 Topspin: Ball rotates forward for a fast return.
 Backspin: Ball moves slower with reverse spin.
 Smash: A powerful attacking shot.
Famous Table Tennis Tournaments:
 World Table Tennis Championships
 Olympic Table Tennis

6.3 Handball
A team sport players pass and throw a ball to score goals in opponent's net.

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Basic Rules of Handball:

 Matches are played in two halves of 30 minutes each.
 Players can take up to three steps without dribbling.
 A goal is scored when the ball fully crosses the goal line.
Famous Handball Events:
 IHF World Handball Championship
 Olympic Handball Tournament

6.4 Ball Badminton

A traditional Indian sport where players use rackets to hit a yellow ball made of wool across a
net.
Basic Rules of Ball Badminton:
 A match is played in best-of-three games, with each game up to 35 points.
 Players hit the ball using rackets, ensuring it does not touch the ground.
 The ball should cross the net within the boundaries to be a valid shot.
Ball Badminton is popular in India and South Asian countries, with national championships
held regularly.

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Chapter 7
Sports acivity-1
AGONES is RNS Institute of Technology's (RNSIT) annual inter-departmental sports
festival, fostering sportsmanship and unity among students.
AGONES 2023: Tug of War Highlights

 Participation: The Tug of War event witnessed enthusiastic participation from

multiple departments, with both men's and women's teams competing fiercely. The
event attracted large crowds, adding to the excitement and energy of the
competition.

 Format: Matches were conducted in a knockout format, with teams facing off in
intense head-to-head battles. Each round tested not just raw strength but also
coordination, endurance, and strategy, making for an exhilarating contest.

 Highlights:

 The ISE men's team displayed remarkable teamwork and resilience,

overpowering their opponents in a series of hard-fought matches to claim the
championship title.

The event was a true test of endurance and teamwork, leaving participants and
spectators alike with unforgettable moments of sportsmanship and determination.

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Chapter 8
Sports activity-2
8th International Yoga Day (2022)

Theme: "Yoga for Humanity"

 Morning yoga sessions were regularly organized on campus, providing students and
faculty with an opportunity to start their day with physical and mental rejuvenation.
These sessions were led by certified yoga instructors, ensuring proper guidance and
effective practice. The serene and refreshing environment of the campus added to the
calming experience, making it an ideal setting for practicing yoga.
 Both students and faculty actively participated in the sessions, highlighting the
growing awareness of the importance of yoga in daily life. By promoting consistent
participation, the initiative aimed to instil the habit of integrating yoga into daily
routines, helping participants experience its long-term benefits.
 In addition to the regular sessions, specialized workshops were conducted to educate
participants about the holistic benefits of yoga. These workshops emphasized how
yoga improves both mental and physical health, including stress relief, enhanced
focus, flexibility, and overall vitality. By showcasing real-life examples and providing
practical tips, the workshops empowered individuals to adopt yoga as a sustainable
wellness practice.
 The overarching goal of the yoga initiative was to promote holistic well-being, not
only for individuals but also for the broader community. The emphasis on integrating
yoga into daily life aimed to encourage long-term wellness practices, positively
impacting physical fitness, emotional balance, and mental clarity. By fostering a
culture of health-consciousness, the initiative contributed to the overall well-being of
the campus community.

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Chapter 9
Sports activity-3
AGONES 2024:
Throwball:

 Participation: The event saw increased enthusiasm, with more departments

fielding teams for both men's and women's categories.

 Format: A round-robin format was introduced, ensuring each team played

multiple matches, enhancing the competitive spirit.

 Outcome: The Information Science and Engineering (ISE) women's team

clinched the title, displaying remarkable coordination and skill
Athletics:
 Events: Building on the previous year's success, the same range of track and field
events were organized.
 Participation: There was a notable increase in participation, with students aiming
to break previous records.
 Highlights:
 The Civil Engineering department made a mark by winning gold in the 400m
and 800m races.
 The Computer Science and Engineering department showcased versatility,
securing top positions in both track events and javelin throw.

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Chapter 10
Sports activity-4
National Sports Day – Aerobics Session
On August 28, 2023, RNS Institute of Technology (RNSIT) commemorated National Sports
Day with a series of activities emphasizing physical fitness and active living. The event was
organized by the RNSIT Sports Club (RSC) in collaboration with the Physical Education
Department. Key highlights include:

1. Aerobics Session

A dynamic aerobics session was held on campus, led by certified instructors with expertise in
fitness and wellness. The session focused on promoting cardiovascular health, enhancing
flexibility, and boosting overall physical fitness. Participants engaged in rhythmic movements
set to energetic music, creating an invigorating and enjoyable atmosphere. The session not
only encouraged physical activity but also highlighted the benefits of regular aerobic exercise
in maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

2. Community Engagement

The event successfully fostered a sense of community by bringing together students, faculty,
and staff in a shared celebration of sportsmanship and wellness. Through collaborative
participation, the event strengthened bonds, encouraged teamwork, and promoted mutual
support. The inclusive and interactive nature of the activities helped create a positive and
welcoming environment, reinforcing the importance of collective well-being and unity.

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Chapter 11
Sports activity-5
The Inter-Department Cricket Championship at RNS Institute of Technology (RNSIT) in
2022 was a highly anticipated event, filled with excitement, sportsmanship, and camaraderie.
Among the various matches, the Girls' Cricket Match stood out, showcasing the talent and
competitive spirit of the female participants.
Event Highlights:
1. Participation and Team Formation:
 Various departments formed their own teams, each comprising skilled and
enthusiastic players.
 The teams were well-balanced, with players demonstrating their cricketing
skills, including batting, bowling, and fielding.
2. Match Atmosphere:
 The event drew a large crowd of students and faculty members who
cheered enthusiastically.
 The match was played with great intensity, highlighting the growing
interest and participation of girls in sports.
3. Outstanding Performances:
 Several players displayed exceptional cricketing skills.
 The batting lineup saw impressive boundaries and sixes, while the bowlers
delivered some spectacular spells.
 The fielders showcased remarkable agility and coordination.
4. Sportsmanship and Team Spirit:
 Despite the competitive nature of the match, the players displayed
remarkable sportsmanship.
 Both winning and losing teams were celebrated for their effort and
dedication.
5. Impact and Encouragement:
 The match inspired more female students to participate in sports activities.
 It promoted physical fitness, teamwork, and self-confidence among the
participants.

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Chapter 12
Sports activity-6
The Inter-Department Badminton Championship at RNS Institute of Technology (RNSIT)
in 2022 was a thrilling and well-organized event that brought together talented players from
various departments. The Boys’ Badminton Match was one of the key highlights, displaying
exceptional athleticism, coordination, and competitive spirit.
Event Highlights:
1. Participation and Team Formation:
 Several departments formed their own teams, with both singles and
doubles matches conducted.
 The participants showcased impressive badminton skills, including
powerful smashes, strategic drop shots, and quick footwork.
2. Match Atmosphere:
 The match drew a lively audience of students and faculty members, who
enthusiastically cheered for their respective departments.
 The energetic environment added to the excitement, motivating the players
to perform their best.
3. Outstanding Performances:
 Many players displayed excellent racket control, agility, and strategic shot
placement.
 The rallies were intense, with both sides showcasing quick reflexes and
precision.
 The doubles match was particularly thrilling, with seamless coordination
and teamwork.
4. Sportsmanship and Team Spirit:
 The players demonstrated great sportsmanship, respecting their opponents
and officials.
 Both winners and runners-up were appreciated for their dedication and
skill.
 The event fostered a sense of unity and friendly competition among the
departments.

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