DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

Part 1
General Overview

DRUGS
- defined as chemical substance which, when introduced into the body, produces changes in its
function. (Guevara,2014)
- it is any substance that produces physiological changes when introduced to the body. (Ganzon,
2015)
- is any chemical substance which by virtue of its chemical nature, alters the structure and
functioning of a living organism or in its broadest term, is a chemical substance that has known biological
effects on humans or other animals. (Soriano, 2017)
- any substance (other than food that provides nutritional support), that when inhaled, injected,
smoked, consumed, absorbed via a patch on the skin or dissolved under the tongue causes a physiological
change in the body. (Web Sources)

The common methods of administration are the following:

1. Oral - this is the safest most convenient and economical route whenever possible.
Example: Alcohol, Marijuana, and Ecstasy
2. Injection - this form of drug administration offers a faster response than the oral method. It makes use of
a needle or other device to deliver the drugs directly into the body tissue and blood circulation.
Example: Heroin, Cocaine, and Methamphetamine
3. Inhalation - this route makes use of gaseous and volatile drugs, which are inhaled and absorbed rapidly
through the mucous of the respiratory tract.
Example: Solvents: paint thinner, degreaser, gasoline, lighter fluid, dry cleaning fluids
4. Topical - this refers to the application of drugs directly to a body site such as the skin and the mucous
membrane.
Example: Can be applied to the skin include liniments, gels, creams, ointments and lotions.
5. Iontophoresis - the introduction of drugs into the deeper layers of the skin by the use of special type of
electric current for local effect.
Example: Used in physical therapy.

HISTORY OF DRUG LAW IN THE PHILIPPINES

1844 - The Spanish government imported opium and sold it to the Chinese community but forbid
Filipinos.
1908 - The American government ordered the total ban of opium.
1953 - Republic Act 953 was enacted to provide for the registration, collection, and the imposition of
fixed and special taxes upon all persons who produce, import, manufacture, deal in, dispense, sell,
distribute or give away opium, marijuana, opium poppies, or coca leaves or any synthetic drugs which may
be declared as habit forming.
March 30, 1972 - Republic Act 6425, otherwise known as the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972 was
promulgated. This strengthened the war against drugs. In the same year, heroin baron Lim Seng was
executed which put an end to heroin abuse and production in the Philippines.
1982 - Batasang Pambansa Bilang 179 effected another procedural amendment to RA 6425. The
law itemized prohibited drugs and their derivatives. Narcotic preparations such as opiates, opium poppy
straw, leaves or wrapping, whether prepared for use or not were classified as dangerous drugs.
June 7, 2002 - President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed Republic Act 9165, or the Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, and it took effect on July 4, 2002.
May 2005 - The PDEA Academy was established and officially opened in Silang, Cavite.

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Part 2
Dangerous drug effects and Identities
General Classification of Drugs:
1. Pharmaceutical Drugs- “Medicines” pharmaceutical drugs are chemical substances used to treat,
cure, prevent, diagnose a disease, improve physical health, or promote well-being.

A. Over-the-Counter Drugs
Are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a prescription from a healthcare professional or
attending physician.

B. Prescriptive Drugs
While OTC drugs are available in the market without special restrictions, prescription drugs on the
other hand require a prescription from a medical practitioner for their purchase. They are always required to
pass over the counter from the pharmacist to the customer after the former has validated the prescription of
the medical practitioner.

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2. Psychoactive Drugs- Also known as “recreational drugs”, these drugs are chemical substances that
affect the central nervous system and are used for pleasure though some are used for medical purposes
upon a valid prescription.

A. THE DEPRESSANTS (DOWNERS)

These are drugs which suppress vital body functions especially those of the brain or central nervous
system with the resulting impairment of judgement, hearing, speech and muscular coordination.
1. Narcotics - are drugs which produce insensitivity, stupor, melancholy or dullness of mind with delusions.
Opium, heroin, codein, and morphine are the most popular of narcotics.
2. Opium - derived from a poppy plant – Papaver somniferum popularly known as “gum”, “gamot”,
“kalamay” or “panocha”.
3. Morphine - most commonly used and best used opiate. Effective as a painkiller six times potent than
opium, with a high dependence - producing potential. Morphine exerts action characterized be analgesia,
drowsiness, mood changes, and mental clouding. Primarily used to treat both acute and chronic
severe pain.
4. Heroin - is three to five times more powerful than morphine from which it is derived and the most
addicting opium derivative.
5. Codeine - a derivative of morphine, commonly available in cough syrup preparations.
6. Paregoric - a tincture of opium in combination with camphor. Commonly used as a household remedy
for diarrhea and abdominal pain.
7. Demerol and Methadone - common synthetic drugs with morphine – like effects.
8. Barbiturates - are central nervous depressants. They reduce the activity of nerves causing muscle
relaxation. They can reduce heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.
9. Tranquilizers - are drugs that calm and relax and diminish anxiety. They are used in the treatment of
nervous states and some mental disorders without producing sleep.
10. Alcohol - the king of all drugs with potential for abuse. Most widely used, socially accepted and most
extensively legalized drug throughout the world.
Example: Beers, Wines, Spirits, Liqueurs

B. THE STIMULANTS (UPPERS)

These produce effects opposite to that of depressants. Instead of bringing about relaxation and sleep,
they produce increased
mental alertness, wakefulness, reduce hunger, and provide a feeling of well being.
1. Amphetamines - used medically for weight reducing in obesity, relief of mild depression and treatment.
2. Cocaine - taken orally, injected or sniffed as to achieve euphoria or an intense feeling of “highness”.
3. Caffeine - it is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks, and some wake-up pills.
4. Shabu/ “poor man’s cocaine” - chemically known as methamphetamine. It is a central nervous system
stimulant and sometimes called “upper” or “speed”. It is white, colorless crystal or crystalline powder with
a bitter numbing taste. It can be taken orally, inhale (snorted), sniffed (chasing the dragon) or injected.
5. Nicotine - an active component in tobacco which acts as a powerful stimulant of the central nervous
system. A drop of pure nicotine can easily kill a person.

C. THE HALLUCINOGENS (PSYCHEDELIC)

They consist of a variety of mind-altering drugs, which distort reality, thinking and perceptions of
time, sound, space and
sensation.
1. Marijuana - It is the most commonly abused hallucinogen in the Philippines. Marijuana is a mixture of
leaves, stems, and flowering tops also known scientifically as Cannabis Sativa Lima, smoked or eaten for
its pleasure-giving effects. Its leaves formed a finger-like look-odd in numbers from 3 up to 5 fingerlike
leaves.
- The female plant is known as the Pistillate (shorter but long lived).
- The male plant is called the Staminate (taller but short lived).

CANNABIS INDICA CANNABIS SATIVA

1 Short, bushy plants with wide leaves. Tall and thin with narrow leaves.

2 Darker in shade of green. Lighter shade of green.

-vs-
3 Grow faster Take longer to grow, mature.
4 Less Light More Light
Cannot grow and cultivate in the Can grow and cultivate in the
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Philippines Philippines

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2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) - Extremely potent hallucinogen. It is synthetically made from
lysergic acid, which is found in ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other grains.
3. Peyote - Peyote is derived from the surface part of a small gray brown cactus.
4. Mescaline - It is the alkaloid hallucinogen extracted from the peyote cactus and can also be synthesized
in the laboratory.
5. STP - It is a take-off on the motor oil additive. It is a chemical derivative of mescaline claimed to
produce more violent and longer effects than mescaline dose.
6. Psilocybin - This hallucinogenic alkaloid from small Mexican mushrooms are used by Mexican Indians
today.
7. Morning Glory Seeds - The black and brown seeds of the wild tropical morning glory that are used to
produce hallucinations.
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Part 3
DDB and PDEA (RA. 9165)

Section 77. The Dangerous Drugs Board. – The Board shall be the policy- making and strategy-
formulating body in the planning and formulation of policies and programs on drug prevention and
control.It shall develop and adopt a comprehensive, integrated, unified and balanced national drug abuse
prevention and control strategy. It shall be under the Office of the President.

Section 78. Composition of the Board. – The Board shall be composed of seventeen (17) members
wherein three (3) of which are permanent members, the other twelve (12) members shall be in an ex-
officio capacity and the two (2) shall be regular members.

The three (3) permanent members, who shall possess at least seven-year training and experience in the
field of dangerous drugs and in any of the following fields: in law, medicine, criminology, psychology or
social work, shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines. The President shall designate a
Chairman, who shall have the rank of a secretary from among the three (3) permanent members who shall
serve for six (6) years. Of the two (2) other members, who shall both have the rank of undersecretary, one
(1) shall serve for four (4) years and the other for two (2) years. Thereafter, the persons appointed to
succeed such members shall hold office for a term of six (6) years and until their successors shall have been
duly appointed and qualified.

The other twelve (12) members who shall be ex officio members of the Board are the following:
(1) Secretary of the Department of Justice or his/her representative;
(2) Secretary of the Department of Health or his/her representative;
(3) Secretary of the Department of National Defense or his/her representative;
(4) Secretary of the Department of Finance or his/her representative;
(5) Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment or his/her representative;
(6) Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government or his/her
representative;
(7) Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development or his/her
representative;
(8) Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs or his/her representative;
(9) Secretary of the Department of Education or his/her representative;
(10) Chairman of the Commission on Higher Education or his/her representative;
(11) Chairman of the National Youth Commission;
(12) Director General of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency.

Cabinet secretaries who are members of the Board may designate their duly authorized and permanent
representatives whose ranks shall in no case be lower than undersecretary.

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 The two (2) regular members shall be as follows: (a) The president of the Integrated Bar of the
Philippines; and (b) The chairman or president of a non-government organization involved in dangerous
drug campaign to be appointed by the President of the Philippines.

The Director of the NBI and the Chief of the PNP shall be the permanent consultants of the Board,
and shall attend all the meetings of the Board.

Section 81. Powers and Duties of the Board. – The Board shall:
1. Formulation of Drug Prevention and Control Strategy.
2. Promulgation of Rules and Regulation to carry out the purposes of this Act.
3. Conduct policy studies and researches.
* Summary *

4. Develop educational programs and info drive.

5. Conduct continuing seminars and consultations.
6. Design special training.
7. Coordination with agencies for community service programs.
8. Maintain international networking.

PDEA: PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY

Highest Position in the organization: Director General

Second in Command:
a. Deputy Director General for Administration
b. Deputy Director General for Operations
Nature: Enforcement Arm of the Philippine Government against Illegal Drugs

The enactment of R.A. 9165 reorganized the Philippine drug law enforcement system. While the
Dangerous Drugs Board remains as the policy-making and strategy-formulating body in planning and
formulation of policies and program on drug control and prevention, it created the Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency under the Office of the President.

Section 82. Creation of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA). - To carry out the provisions
of this Act, the PDEA, which serves as the implementing arm of the Board, and shall be responsible for the
efficient and effective law enforcement of all the provisions on any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical as provided in this Act.

The Director General of the PDEA:

- shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines
- shall perform such other duties that may be assigned to him/her.
- He/she must possess adequate knowledge, training and experience in the field of dangerous
drugs, and in any of the following fields:
- He/she must either be law enforcement, law, medicine, criminology, psychology or social work.

Section 84. Powers and Duties of the PDEA. – The PDEA shall:

(a) Implement or cause the efficient and effective implementation of the national drug control strategy
formulated by the Board thereby carrying out a national drug campaign program which shall include drug
law enforcement, control and prevention campaign with the assistance of concerned government agencies;
Example:
Barkada Kontra Droga (BKD, Peer Groups Against Drugs) - an effective peer-based preventive
education and information program to counter the dangers and ill effects of drug abuse, the Board has
institutionalized the BKD program in order to enlist the participation of more in and out-of school youth,
and eventually organize them into a movement of young people who are catalysts within their peer groups
in advocating a healthy, drug-free lifestyle. (https://www.gov.ph/)

(b) Undertake the enforcement of the provisions of Article II of this Act relative to the unlawful acts
and penalties involving any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical and
investigate all violators and other matters involved in the commission of any crime relative to the use,
abuse or trafficking of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical as provided
for in this Act and the provisions of Presidential Decree No. 1619;
Example:
Operatives of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) nabbed three women and seized
P4.7 million worth of shabu during a buy-bust operation in Taguig City Sunday afternoon. The seized
illegal drugs were concealed in a 700-gram pack of tea. Charges for violation of the Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act will be filed against the suspects. (Manila Bulletin, May 20, 2019)

(c) Administer oath, issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum relative to the conduct of investigation
involving the violations of this Act;
Example:

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 30 grams of shabu and various drug paraphernalia seized in Paco, Manila. Joint operatives of the
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) and the Manila police force Wednesday seized 30 grams of
shabu and various drug paraphernalia and arrested three suspected drug dealers including a female suspect
in Paco, Manila. In a report, PDEA Special Enforcement Service identified the suspects.
The operation was carried out by the PDEA and the MPD station 5 at 1696 Linao St. in Paco by
virtue of a search warrant, the suspects and the evidence were all present to court by virtue of a subpoena.
(Manila Bulletin, May 30, 2019)

(d) Arrest and apprehend as well as search all violators and seize or confiscate, the effects or proceeds
of the crimes as provided by law and take custody thereof, for this purpose the prosecutors and enforcement
agents are authorized to possess firearms, in accordance with existing laws;
Example 1:
Three suspected drug personalities were arrested during the implementation of search warrants in
Maharlika Village in Taguig City on February 28, 2018.
A search warrant was implemented against one Jimmy Mendoza and his cohorts at an
unnumbered two-storey colored green semi-concrete house with adjacent one- storey structure utilized
as a sari-sari store along Tawi-tawi Street. Mendoza was not around but the occupant of the house,
identified as AmbasSaguimanMang, was arrested. Confiscated during the operation were 21 heat-
sealed transparent plastic sachets containing white crystalline suspected to be shabu weighing more or
less two grams worth Php21,000. (https://www.gov.ph/)
Example 2:
PDEA Agents are issued with Norinco 1911 pistols in .45 caliber ammunition upon successful
completion of their training at the PDEA Academy while the senior officers are issued
with Glock pistols. The PDEA Agents use Armalite M15A2 as their assault rifle in urban warfare and
special operations.

(e) Take charge and have custody of all dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential
chemicals seized, confiscated or surrendered to any national, provincial or local law enforcement agency, if
no longer needed for purposes of evidence in court;
Example:
The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) destroyed P2.67 billion worth of dangerous
drugs today (Thursday), February 11, 2016, at the Integrated Waste Management, Inc. (IWMI), Barangay
Aguado, Trece Martirez City, Cavite. (http://pdea.gov.ph/2-uncategorised/105-p2-67-billion-worth-of-
illegal-drugs-destroyed-by-pdea)

(f) Establish forensic laboratories in each PNP office in every province and city in order to facilitate
action on seize or confiscated drugs, thereby hastening its destruction without delay;

(g) Recommend to the DOJ the forfeiture of properties and other assets of persons and/or corporations
found to be violating the provisions of this Act and in accordance with the pertinent provisions of the Anti-
Money-Laundering Act of 2001;

(h) Prepare for prosecution or cause the filing of appropriate criminal and civil cases for violation of
all laws on dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals, and other similar controlled
substances, and assist, support and coordinate with other government agencies for the proper and effective
prosecution of the same;

(i) Monitor and if warranted by circumstances, in coordination with the Philippine Postal Office and
the Bureau of Customs, inspect all air cargo packages, parcels and mails in the central post office, which
appear from the package and address itself to be a possible importation of dangerous drugs and/or
controlled precursors and essential chemicals, through on-line or cyber shops via the internet or cyberspace;

(j) Conduct eradication programs to destroy wild or illegal growth of plants from which dangerous
drugs may be extracted;

(k) Initiate and undertake the formation of a nationwide organization which shall coordinate and
supervise all activities against drug abuse in every province, city, municipality and barangay with the active
and direct participation of all such local government units and nongovernmental organizations, including
the citizenry, subject to the provisions of previously formulated programs of action against dangerous drugs;

(l) Establish and maintain a national drug intelligence system in cooperation with law enforcement
agencies, other government agencies/offices and local government units that will assist in its apprehension
of big-time drug lords;
Example:
International Anti Drugs Organisations
Drug Watch International - is a volunteer non-profit information network and advocacy
organization which promotes the creation of healthy drug-free cultures in the world and opposes the
legalization of drugs. The organization upholds a comprehensive approach to drug issues involving

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prevention, education, intervention/treatment, and law enforcement/interdiction. The purpose of Drug
Watch is to provide the public, policymakers, and the media with current drug information, factual research
and expert resources, and to counter measures aimed at drug legalization.
The International Criminal Police Organisation - was established in 1923 as an
information exchange agency to facilitat the co-opertaion of national police froces around the world. With a
current membership of 177 countries, Interpol is the largest intergovernmental organisation involved in the
fight against international organised crime including, in particular, crime involving illegal drugs.
UNDCP - United Nations International Drug Control Programme is a branch of the
United Nations which works with the nations and the people of the world to tackle the global drug problem
and its consequences.I
The International Narcotics Control Board - is the independent and quasi-judicial
control organ for the implementation of the United Nations drug conventions, established in 1968 by the
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961. It had predecessors under the former drug conventions since
the
(m) Establish and maintain close coordination, cooperation and linkages with international drug
control and administration agencies and organizations, and implement the applicable provisions of
international conventions and agreements related to dangerous drugs to which the Philippines is a signatory;

(n) Create and maintain an efficient special enforcement unit to conduct an investigation, file charges
and transmit evidence to the proper court, wherein members of the said unit shall possess suitable and
adequate firearms for their protection in connection with the performance of their duties: Provided, That no
previous special permit for such possession shall be required;

(o) Require all government and private hospitals, clinics, doctors, dentists and other practitioners to
submit a report to it, in coordination with the Board, about all dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors
and essential chemicals which they have attended to for data and information purposes;

(p) Coordinate with the Board for the facilitation of the issuance of necessary guidelines, rules and
regulations for the proper implementation of this Act;

(q) Initiate and undertake a national campaign for drug prevention and drug control programs, where it
may enlist the assistance of any department, bureau, office, agency or instrumentality of the government,
including government-owned and or –controlled corporations, in the anti-illegal drugs drive, which may
include the use of their respective personnel, facilities, and resources for a more resolute detection and
investigation of drug-related crimes and prosecution of the drug traffickers; and
Example:
National Drug Education Program (NDEP)
This program which is currently implemented in elementary and secondary schools, in cooperation
with DDB-member agency DepEd, entails five components – curriculum and instruction, co-curricular and
ancillary services, teacher and staff development, parent education and community outreach, and research,
evaluation and monitoring – which is comprehensive in nature and provides a holistic approach to the
problem of drug abuse. It was designed to enable all sectors to work collaboratively, with the school system
as the core, thereby, unifying all sectoral endeavors.
240 school administrators, guidance counselors, school-based health officers and teachers have
attended several trainings held on NDEP facilitation and implementation nationwide.

(r) Submit an annual and periodic reports to the Board as may be required from time to time, and perform s
uch other functions as may be authorized or required under existing laws and as directed by the President hi
mself/herself or as recommended by the congressional committees concerned.
Example:
REPORTED CASES BY TYPE OF ADMISSION AND SEX
(Facility Based)*
CY 2017

MALE FEMALE GRAND TOTAL

TYPE OF ADMISSION
No. % No. % No. %
NEW ADMISSION 2,951 72.95 305 7.54 3,256 80.49
RE-ADMISSION 581 14.36 52 1.29 633 15.65
OUT-PATIENT 149 3.68 7 0.17 156 3.86
TOTAL 3,681 91.00 364 9.00 4,045 100.00

* Total Reported Cases from Residential and Out-Patient Facilities (https://www.gov.ph/)

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Part 4
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165
ARTICLE I

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 DEFINITION OF TERMS

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165

JUNE 7, 2002

AN ACT INSTITUTING THE COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002,

REPEALING REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6425, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE DANGEROUS
DRUGS ACT OF 1972, AS AMENDED, PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES

Section 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be known and cited as the "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act
of 2002".

ARTICLE I
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Section 3. Definitions. As used in this Act, the following terms shall mean:
(a) Administer. - Any act of introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any person, with or without
his/her knowledge, by injection, inhalation, ingestion or other means, or of committing any act of
indispensable assistance to a person in administering a dangerous drug to himself/herself unless
administered by a duly licensed practitioner for purposes of medication.
Example:
Ramon and Elise went to a local bar, Ramon secretly slip roofies into the drink of Elise before she
drunk it. The moment that Ramon mix drugs in the drink of Elise this is already a form of administer.

(b) Board. - Refers to the Dangerous Drugs Board under Section 77, Article IX of this Act.

(c) Centers. - Any of the treatment and rehabilitation centers for drug dependents referred to in Section 34,
Article VIII of this Act.

(d) Chemical Diversion. - The sale, distribution, supply or transport of legitimately imported, in-transit,
manufactured or procured controlled precursors and essential chemicals, in diluted, mixtures or in
concentrated form, to any person or entity engaged in the manufacture of any dangerous drug, and shall
include packaging, repackaging, labeling, relabeling or concealment of such transaction through fraud,
destruction of documents, fraudulent use of permits, misdeclaration, use of front companies or mail fraud.

(e) Clandestine Laboratory. - Any facility used for the illegal manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical.
Example: MALABON CITY, April 13 (PIA) -- The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) has
dismantled a clandestine laboratory located at a hicg class condominium utilized in the manufacture of
ecstasy, a party drug, during the implementation of a search warrant in Malabon.
(https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1006665)

(f) Confirmatory Test. - An analytical test using a device, tool or equipment with a different chemical or
physical principle that is more specific which will validate and confirm the result of the screening test.

(g) Controlled Delivery. - The investigative technique of allowing an unlawful or suspect consignment of
any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical, equipment or paraphernalia, or
property believed to be derived directly or indirectly from any offense, to pass into, through or out of the
country under the supervision of an authorized officer, with a view to gathering evidence to identify any
person involved in any dangerous drugs related offense, or to facilitate prosecution of that offense.
Example:
Jose a PDEA agent went undercover, following the directive of his superior went to delivery 300
grams of marijuana to Sinaloa Cartel, this is for the bureau to build up relevant and competent evidence,
which are vital in the development of a drug case against the Sinaloa Cartel.

(h) Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. - Include those listed in Tables I and II of the 1988
UN Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances as enumerated in the
attached annex, which is an integral part of this Act.

(i) Cultivate or Culture. - Any act of knowingly planting, growing, raising, or permitting the planting,
growing or raising of any plant which is the source of a dangerous drug.

(j) Dangerous Drugs. - Include those listed in the Schedules annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on
Narcotic Drugs, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and in the Schedules annexed to the 1971 Single
Convention on Psychotropic Substances as enumerated in the attached annex which is an integral part of
this Act.

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(k) Deliver. - Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another, personally or otherwise, and by
any means, with or without consideration.

(l) Den, Dive or Resort. - A place where any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical is administered, delivered, stored for illegal purposes, distributed, sold or used in any form.

(m) Dispense. - Any act of giving away, selling or distributing medicine or any dangerous drug with or
without the use of prescription.

(n) Drug Dependence. - As based on the World Health Organization definition, it is a cluster of
physiological, behavioral and cognitive phenomena of variable intensity, in which the use of psychoactive
drug takes on a high priority thereby involving, among others, a strong desire or a sense of compulsion to
take the substance and the difficulties in controlling substance-taking behavior in terms of its onset,
termination, or levels of use.

(o) Drug Syndicate. - Any organized group of two (2) or more persons forming or joining together with
the intention of committing any offense prescribed under this Act.

(p) Employee of Den, Dive or Resort. - The caretaker, helper, watchman, lookout, and other persons
working in the den, dive or resort, employed by the maintainer, owner and/or operator where any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical is administered, delivered, distributed, sold or used,
with or without compensation, in connection with the operation thereof.

(q) Financier. - Any person who pays for, raises or supplies money for, or underwrites any of the illegal
activities prescribed under this Act.

(r) Illegal Trafficking. - The illegal cultivation, culture, delivery, administration, dispensation,
manufacture, sale, trading, transportation, distribution, importation, exportation and possession of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical.

(s) Instrument. - Any thing that is used in or intended to be used in any manner in the commission of
illegal drug trafficking or related offenses.
Example:
In 2018, mail and parcel interdiction operations in airports and seaports resulted in the arrest of
11 consignees and seizure of 94.67 kg. of shabu, 16,713 pieces of ecstasy tablets, and 1,109.5 grams of
marijuana kush, a hybrid marijuana, with a total estimated market value of PHP672,161,877.88.
(https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1058915)

(t) Laboratory Equipment. - The paraphernalia, apparatus, materials or appliances when used, intended
for use or designed for use in the manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical, such as reaction vessel, preparative/purifying equipment, fermentors, separatory funnel,
flask, heating mantle, gas generator, or their substitute.
Example:
A house may be a meth lab if you notice the following inside:
1. Ammonia. 7. Many stoves, hot plates, or blow torches.
2. Camping fuel. 8. Melted pots and pans.
3. Empty pill bottles, and cans of alcohol, 9. Numerous cold medicines or non-
toluene, and paint thinner. prescription weight-loss pills.
4. Funnels. 10. Plastic tubes.
5. Lab equipment, like glass tubes, beakers, 11. Propane tanks.
6. Bunsen burners, and large plastic 12. Red-stained coffee filters.
containers. 13. Starter fluid.

(u) Manufacture. - The production, preparation, compounding or processing of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical, either directly or indirectly or by extraction from substances of
natural origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis or by a combination of extraction and
chemical synthesis, and shall include any packaging or repackaging of such substances, design or
configuration of its form, or labeling or relabeling of its container; except that such terms do not include the
preparation, compounding, packaging or labeling of a drug or other substances by a duly authorized
practitioner as an incident to his/her administration or dispensation of such drug or substance in the course
of his/her professional practice including research, teaching and chemical analysis of dangerous drugs or
such substances that are not intended for sale or for any other purpose.

(v) Cannabis or commonly known as "Marijuana" or "Indian Hemp" or by its any other name. -
Embraces every kind, class, genus, or specie of the plant Cannabis sativa L. including, but not limited
to, Cannabis americana, hashish, bhang, guaza, churrus and ganjab, and embraces every kind, class and
character of marijuana, whether dried or fresh and flowering, flowering or fruiting tops, or any part or

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portion of the plant and seeds thereof, and all its geographic varieties, whether as a reefer, resin, extract,
tincture or in any form whatsoever.

(w) Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or commonly known as "Ecstasy", or by its any

other name. - Refers to the drug having such chemical composition, including any of its isomers or
derivatives in any form.

(x) Methamphetamine Hydrochloride or commonly known as "Shabu", "Ice", "Meth", or by its any
other name. - Refers to the drug having such chemical composition, including any of its isomers or
derivatives in any form.

(y) Opium. - Refers to the coagulated juice of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and embraces
every kind, class and character of opium, whether crude or prepared; the ashes or refuse of the same;
narcotic preparations thereof or therefrom; morphine or any alkaloid of opium; preparations in which
opium, morphine or any alkaloid of opium enters as an ingredient; opium poppy; opium poppy straw; and
leaves or wrappings of opium leaves, whether prepared for use or not.

(z) Opium Poppy. - Refers to any part of the plant of the species Papaver somniferum L., Papaver
setigerum DC, Papaver orientale, Papaver bracteatum and Papaver rhoeas, which includes the seeds, straws,
branches, leaves or any part thereof, or substances derived therefrom, even for floral, decorative and
culinary purposes.

(aa) PDEA. - Refers to the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency under Section 82, Article IX of this Act.

(bb) Person. - Any entity, natural or juridical, including among others, a corporation, partnership, trust or
estate, joint stock company, association, syndicate, joint venture or other unincorporated organization or
group capable of acquiring rights or entering into obligations.

(cc) Planting of Evidence. - The willful act by any person of maliciously and surreptitiously inserting,
placing, adding or attaching directly or indirectly, through any overt or covert act, whatever quantity of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical in the person, house, effects or in the
immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose of implicating, incriminating or imputing the
commission of any violation of this Act.
Example: PCpl. Abo issued a warrant of arrest to Mr. Lao, a suspected drug pusher. To strengthen the case
against Mr. Lao, upon the suspects arrest PCpl. Abo covertly placed a sachet of shabu in Mr. Lao pocket.

(dd) Practitioner. - Any person who is a licensed physician, dentist, chemist, medical technologist, nurse,
midwife, veterinarian or pharmacist in the Philippines.

(ee) Protector/Coddler. - Any person who knowingly and willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided
for in this Act and uses his/her influence, power or position in shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating
the escape of any person he/she knows, or has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects, has violated
the provisions of this Act in order to prevent the arrest, prosecution and conviction of the violator.
Example:
June is a known drug dealer in his Barangay and has a standing warrant of arrest, despite the effort
of law enforcers to arrest him, he is yet to be caught this is due to May the Barangay captain who covers for
June and misleads the police officer of the location of June.

(ff) Pusher. - Any person who sells, trades, administers, dispenses, delivers or gives away to another, on
any terms whatsoever, or distributes, dispatches in transit or transports dangerous drugs or who acts as a
broker in any of such transactions, in violation of this Act.

(gg) School. - Any educational institution, private or public, undertaking educational operation for
pupils/students pursuing certain studies at defined levels, receiving instructions from teachers, usually
located in a building or a group of buildings in a particular physical or cyber site.

(hh) Screening Test. - A rapid test performed to establish potential/presumptive positive result.
General Drug Tests.
Example:
Pedro and his team of PDEA agent conducted an anti-drug operation, they have identified several
individuals who have is suspected to be meth addicts prior from arresting them they conducted they watch
for visible meth symptoms which includes; Dilated pupils, Rapid eye movement, Twitching, Outbursts or
mood swings.

(ii) Sell. - Any act of giving away any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical
whether for money or any other consideration.

9
 (jj) Trading. - Transactions involving the illegal trafficking of dangerous drugs and/or controlled
precursors and essential chemicals using electronic devices such as, but not limited to, text messages, email,
mobile or landlines, two-way radios, internet, instant messengers and chat rooms or acting as a broker in
any of such transactions whether for money or any other consideration in violation of this Act.

(kk) Use. - Any act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly, of consuming, either by chewing,
smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing, drinking or otherwise introducing into the physiological system of
the body, and of the dangerous drugs.

===========================================================================

Part 5
DURATION OF PENALTIES
&
Introduction to Penalties
Name Type Entire length
Death Capital Not applied; commuted to reclusion perpetua.
Reclusión Perpetua 20 years and 1 day to 40 years

Reclusión Temporal Afflictive 12 years and one day to 20 years

Prisión Mayor 6 years and one day to 12 years

Prisión Correccional 6 months and one day to 6 years

Correctional
1 month and 1 day to
Arresto Mayor
6 months
Arresto Menor Light 1 day to 30 days

Note:

RA # 7959, otherwise called the Death Penalty Law approved in January 2, 1994.
RA # 8177 (The Lethal Injection Law) was enacted, the execution of death penalty was changed from electrocuti
on to lethal
injection.
RA # 9346, also known as An Act Prohibiting the Imposition of the Death Penalty in the Philippines.

Introduction to Penalties (Only a summary, does not cover section 11 Art. 2 of RA9165) and Legal
Circumstances and Indicators.

Term used for Financial Penalty

Imprisonment in Years Other Notes
Imprisonment (Range)
Death due to the use of dangerous
Death Life Imprisonment 1 to 15 Million drugs in a den/dive/resort

Aggravating Circumstances

1 Involving a mentally deranged

2 18 years old and below

The violation took place 100 meter

3 radius from school/ residential/
500 Thousand to business/ church
Life Imprisonment Life Imprisonment
10 Million
4 Using diplomatic passport

5 Use of public place/domain

Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs

6 and/or Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals

10
 Culture/cultivate of plants as
7 sources of dangerous drugs
Importation and exportation of
8 dangerous drugs
Clandestine laboratory has booby
traps or is located in a 100 meter
9 radius in residential, business,
church or school premise

10 Financier

1 Protector or Coddler
12 yrs and 1 day to 20 100 Thousand to
Reclusión Temporal Controlled precursor and
years 500 Thousand 2 essential chemical
Instrument, Apparatus and other
Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs
1 and/or Controlled Precursors and
6 years and 1 day to 10 Thousand to Essential Chemicals
Prisión Mayor
12 years 50 Thousand
Equipment
2 (Lesser Violations)

===========================================================================
Part 6
ARTICLE II
Unlawful Acts and Penalties

Section 4. Importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. -
.The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00)
to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law,
shall import or bring into the Philippines any dangerous drug, regardless of the quantity and purity involved,
including any and all species of opium poppy or any part thereof or substances derived therefrom even for
floral, decorative and culinary purposes.
The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and
a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall import any
controlled precursor and essential chemical.
The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized under this Act, shall import or bring into the Philippines any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical through the use of a diplomatic passport, diplomatic facilities or any other
means involving his/her official status intended to facilitate the unlawful entry of the same. In addition, the
diplomatic passport shall be confiscated and canceled.
The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon any person, who
organizes, manages or acts as a "financier" of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.
The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years of imprisonment and a fine
ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00)
shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a "protector/coddler" of any violator of the provisions under
this Section.

Section 5. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and Transportation of

Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. - The penalty of life
imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million
pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall sell, trade,
administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another, distribute dispatch in transit or transport any dangerous
drug, including any and all species of opium poppy regardless of the quantity and purity involved, or shall
act as a broker in any of such transactions.
The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and
a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall sell, trade,
administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another, distribute, dispatch in transit or transport any controlled
precursor and essential chemical, or shall act as a broker in such transactions.
If the sale, trading, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution or transportation of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical transpires within one hundred (100)
meters from the school, the maximum penalty shall be imposed in every case.

11
 For drug pushers who use minors or mentally incapacitated individuals as runners, couriers and
messengers, or in any other capacity directly connected to the dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors
and essential chemical trade, the maximum penalty shall be imposed in every case.
If the victim of the offense is a minor or a mentally incapacitated individual, or should a dangerous
drug and/or a controlled precursor and essential chemical involved in any offense herein provided be the
proximate cause of death of a victim thereof, the maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be
imposed.
The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon any person who
organizes, manages or acts as a "financier" of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.
The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years of imprisonment and a fine
ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00)
shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a "protector/coddler" of any violator of the provisions under
this Section.

Section 6. Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort. - The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine
ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person or group of persons who shall maintain a den, dive or resort where any dangerous
drug is used or sold in any form.
The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and
a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person or group of persons who shall maintain a den, dive, or
resort where any controlled precursor and essential chemical is used or sold in any form.
The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed in every case where any
dangerous drug is administered, delivered or sold to a minor who is allowed to use the same in such a place.
Should any dangerous drug be the proximate cause of the death of a person using the same in such den,
dive or resort, the penalty of death and a fine ranging from One million (P1,000,000.00) to Fifteen million
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed on the maintainer, owner and/or operator.
If such den, dive or resort is owned by a third person, the same shall be confiscated and escheated in
favor of the government: Provided, That the criminal complaint shall specifically allege that such place is
intentionally used in the furtherance of the crime: Provided, further, That the prosecution shall prove such
intent on the part of the owner to use the property for such purpose: Provided, finally, That the owner shall
be included as an accused in the criminal complaint.
The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon any person who
organizes, manages or acts as a "financier" of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.
The penalty twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years of imprisonment and a fine ranging
from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person, who acts as a "protector/coddler" of any violator of the provisions under this
Section.

Section 7. Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or Resort. - The penalty of imprisonment ranging from
twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon:
(a) Any employee of a den, dive or resort, who is aware of the nature of the place as such; and
(b) Any person who, not being included in the provisions of the next preceding, paragraph, is aware of the
nature of the place as such and shall knowingly visit the same

Section 8. Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. -
The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to
Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law,
shall engage in the manufacture of any dangerous drug.
The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and
a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall manufacture any
controlled precursor and essential chemical.
The presence of any controlled precursor and essential chemical or laboratory equipment in the
clandestine laboratory is a prima facie proof of manufacture of any dangerous drug. It shall be considered
an aggravating circumstance if the clandestine laboratory is undertaken or established under the following
circumstances:
(a) Any phase of the manufacturing process was conducted in the presence or with the help of minor/s:
(b) Any phase or manufacturing process was established or undertaken within one hundred (100)
meters of a residential, business, church or school premises;
(c) Any clandestine laboratory was secured or protected with booby traps;
(d) Any clandestine laboratory was concealed with legitimate business operations; or
(e) Any employment of a practitioner, chemical engineer, public official or foreigner.
The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon any person, who
organizes, manages or acts as a "financier" of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.
The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years of imprisonment and a fine
ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00)

12
 shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a "protector/coddler" of any violator of the provisions under
this Section.

Section 9. Illegal Chemical Diversion of Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. - The penalty
of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging
from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall illegally divert any controlled precursor and
essential chemical.

Section 10. Manufacture or Delivery of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus, and Other

Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. - The
penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine
ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00)
shall be imposed upon any person who shall deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with
intent to deliver equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs, knowing, or
under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate,
grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack,
store, contain or conceal any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical in violation
of this Act.
The penalty of imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and one (1) day to four (4) years and a fine
ranging from Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) shall be imposed if it
will be used to inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a dangerous drug in
violation of this Act.
The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon any person, who uses a
minor or a mentally incapacitated individual to deliver such equipment, instrument, apparatus and other
paraphernalia for dangerous drugs.

Section 11. Possession of Dangerous Drugs. - The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine
ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall possess any dangerous drug in the
following quantities, regardless of the degree of purity thereof:
(1) 10 grams or more of opium;
(2) 10 grams or more of morphine;
(3) 10 grams or more of heroin;
(4) 10 grams or more of cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride;
(5) 50 grams or more of methamphetamine hydrochloride or "shabu";
(6) 10 grams or more of marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil;
(7) 500 grams or more of marijuana; and
(8) 10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to,
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDA) or "ecstasy", paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA),
trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD), gamma hydroxyamphetamine (GHB),
and those similarly designed or newly introduced drugs and their derivatives, without having any
therapeutic value or if the quantity possessed is far beyond therapeutic requirements, as determined and
promulgated by the Board in accordance to Section 93, Article XI of this Act.
Otherwise, if the quantity involved is less than the foregoing quantities, the penalties shall be
graduated as follows:

PENALTY OFFENSE
Life imprisonment and a fine ranging from Php. Methamphetamine hydrochloride or "shabu" is ten 10 grams or more
400,000.00 to Php. 500,000.00 but less than 50 grams.
5 grams or more but less than 10 grams of opium, morphine, heroin,
Imprisonment of 20 years and 1 day to life impr cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana resin or marijuana resin
isonment and a fine ranging from Php. 400,000. oil, methamphetamine hydrochloride or "shabu", or other dangerous
00 to Php. 500,000.00 drugs.
300 grams or more but less than 500 grams of marijuana.
less than 5 grams of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine hy
Imprisonment of 12 years and 1 day to 20 years drochloride, marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil, methamphetami
and a fine ranging from Php. 300,000.00 to Php. ne hydrochloride or "shabu", or other dangerous drug.
400,000.00
less than 300 grams of marijuana.

Section 12. Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other Paraphernalia for
Dangerous Drugs. - The penalty of imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and one (1) day to four (4)
years and a fine ranging from Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) shall
be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall possess or have under his/her control
any equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia fit or intended for smoking, consuming,
administering, injecting, ingesting, or introducing any dangerous drug into the body: Provided, That in the
case of medical practitioners and various professionals who are required to carry such equipment,

13
instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia in the practice of their profession, the Board shall prescribe
the necessary implementing guidelines thereof.
The possession of such equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia fit or intended for
any of the purposes enumerated in the preceding paragraph shall be prima facie evidence that the possessor
has smoked, consumed, administered to himself/herself, injected, ingested or used a dangerous drug and
shall be presumed to have violated Section 15 of this Act.

Section 13. Possession of Dangerous Drugs During Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings. - Any
person found possessing any dangerous drug during a party, or at a social gathering or meeting, or in the
proximate company of at least two (2) persons, shall suffer the maximum penalties provided for in Section
11 of this Act, regardless of the quantity and purity of such dangerous drugs.

Section 14. Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other Paraphernalia for
Dangerous Drugs During Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings. - The maximum penalty provided for
in Section 12 of this Act shall be imposed upon any person, who shall possess or have under his/her control
any equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia fit or intended for smoking, consuming,
administering, injecting, ingesting, or introducing any dangerous drug into the body, during parties, social
gatherings or meetings, or in the proximate company of at least two (2) persons.

Section 15. Use of Dangerous Drugs. - A person apprehended or arrested, who is found to be positive for
use of any dangerous drug, after a confirmatory test, shall be imposed a penalty of a minimum of six (6)
months rehabilitation in a government center for the first offense, subject to the provisions of Article VIII
of this Act. If apprehended using any dangerous drug for the second time, he/she shall suffer the penalty of
imprisonment ranging from six (6) years and one (1) day to twelve (12) years and a fine ranging from Fifty
thousand pesos (P50,000.00) to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00): Provided, That this Section
shall not be applicable where the person tested is also found to have in his/her possession such quantity of
any dangerous drug provided for under Section 11 of this Act, in which case the provisions stated therein
shall apply.

Section 16. Cultivation or Culture of Plants Classified as Dangerous Drugs or are Sources Thereof. -
The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who shall plant,
cultivate or culture marijuana, opium poppy or any other plant regardless of quantity, which is or may
hereafter be classified as a dangerous drug or as a source from which any dangerous drug may be
manufactured or derived: Provided, That in the case of medical laboratories and medical research centers
which cultivate or culture marijuana, opium poppy and other plants, or materials of such dangerous drugs
for medical experiments and research purposes, or for the creation of new types of medicine, the Board
shall prescribe the necessary implementing guidelines for the proper cultivation, culture, handling,
experimentation and disposal of such plants and materials.
The land or portions thereof and/or greenhouses on which any of said plants is cultivated or cultured
shall be confiscated and escheated in favor of the State, unless the owner thereof can prove lack of
knowledge of such cultivation or culture despite the exercise of due diligence on his/her part. If the land
involved is part of the public domain, the maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be
imposed upon the offender.
The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon any person, who
organizes, manages or acts as a "financier" of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.
The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years of imprisonment and a fine
ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00)
shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a "protector/coddler" of any violator of the provisions under
this Section.

Section 17. Maintenance and Keeping of Original Records of Transactions on Dangerous Drugs
and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. - The penalty of imprisonment ranging from one
(1) year and one (1) day to six (6) years and a fine ranging from Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty
thousand pesos (P50,000.00) shall be imposed upon any practitioner, manufacturer, wholesaler, importer,
distributor, dealer or retailer who violates or fails to comply with the maintenance and keeping of the
original records of transactions on any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical
in accordance with Section 40 of this Act.
An additional penalty shall be imposed through the revocation of the license to practice his/her
profession, in case of a practitioner, or of the business, in case of a manufacturer, seller, importer,
distributor, dealer or retailer.

Section 18. Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Drugs. - The penalty of imprisonment ranging from
twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) and the additional penalty of the revocation
of his/her license to practice shall be imposed upon the practitioner, who shall prescribe any dangerous
drug to any person whose physical or physiological condition does not require the use or in the dosage
prescribed therein, as determined by the Board in consultation with recognized competent experts who are

14
authorized representatives of professional organizations of practitioners, particularly those who are
involved in the care of persons with severe pain.

Section 19. Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs. - The penalty of life imprisonment to death and
a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00)
shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall make or issue a prescription or any
other writing purporting to be a prescription for any dangerous drug.

Section 20. Confiscation and Forfeiture of the Proceeds or Instruments of the Unlawful Act,
Including the Properties or Proceeds Derived from the Illegal Trafficking of Dangerous Drugs and/or
Precursors and Essential Chemicals. - Every penalty imposed for the unlawful importation, sale, trading,
administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution, transportation or manufacture of any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical, the cultivation or culture of plants which are sources of
dangerous drugs, and the possession of any equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia for
dangerous drugs including other laboratory equipment, shall carry with it the confiscation and forfeiture, in
favor of the government, of all the proceeds and properties derived from the unlawful act, including, but
not limited to, money and other assets obtained thereby, and the instruments or tools with which the
particular unlawful act was committed, unless they are the property of a third person not liable for the
unlawful act, but those which are not of lawful commerce shall be ordered destroyed without delay
pursuant to the provisions of Section 21 of this Act.
After conviction in the Regional Trial Court in the appropriate criminal case filed, the Court shall
immediately schedule a hearing for the confiscation and forfeiture of all the proceeds of the offense and all
the assets and properties of the accused either owned or held by him or in the name of some other persons if
the same shall be found to be manifestly out of proportion to his/her lawful income: Provided, however,
That if the forfeited property is a vehicle, the same shall be auctioned off not later than five (5) days upon
order of confiscation or forfeiture.
During the pendency of the case in the Regional Trial Court, no property, or income derived therefrom,
which may be confiscated and forfeited, shall be disposed, alienated or transferred and the same shall be
in custodia legis and no bond shall be admitted for the release of the same.
The proceeds of any sale or disposition of any property confiscated or forfeited under this Section
shall be used to pay all proper expenses incurred in the proceedings for the confiscation, forfeiture, custody
and maintenance of the property pending disposition, as well as expenses for publication and court costs.
The proceeds in excess of the above expenses shall accrue to the Board to be used in its campaign against
illegal drugs.

Section 21. Custody and Disposition of Confiscated, Seized, and/or Surrendered Dangerous Drugs,
Plant Sources of Dangerous Drugs, Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals,
Instruments/Paraphernalia and/or Laboratory Equipment. - The PDEA shall take charge and have
custody of all dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential
chemicals, as well as instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment so confiscated, seized and/or
surrendered, for proper disposition in the following manner:

(1) The apprehending team having initial custody and control of the drugs shall, immediately after
seizure and confiscation, physically inventory and photograph the same in the presence of the accused or
the person/s from whom such items were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her representative or counsel, a
representative from the media and the Department of Justice (DOJ), and any elected public official who
shall be required to sign the copies of the inventory and be given a copy thereof;
(2) Within twenty-four (24) hours upon confiscation/seizure of dangerous drugs, plant sources of
dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals, as well as instruments/paraphernalia and/or
laboratory equipment, the same shall be submitted to the PDEA Forensic Laboratory for a qualitative and
quantitative examination;
(3) A certification of the forensic laboratory examination results, which shall be done under oath by
the forensic laboratory examiner, shall be issued within twenty-four (24) hours after the receipt of the
subject item/s: Provided, That when the volume of the dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs,
and controlled precursors and essential chemicals does not allow the completion of testing within the time
frame, a partial laboratory examination report shall be provisionally issued stating therein the quantities of
dangerous drugs still to be examined by the forensic laboratory: Provided, however, That a final
certification shall be issued on the completed forensic laboratory examination on the same within the next
twenty-four (24) hours;
(4) After the filing of the criminal case, the Court shall, within seventy-two (72) hours, conduct an
ocular inspection of the confiscated, seized and/or surrendered dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous
drugs, and controlled precursors and essential chemicals, including the instruments/paraphernalia and/or
laboratory equipment, and through the PDEA shall within twenty-four (24) hours thereafter proceed with
the destruction or burning of the same, in the presence of the accused or the person/s from whom such
items were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her representative or counsel, a representative from the media
and the DOJ, civil society groups and any elected public official. The Board shall draw up the guidelines on
the manner of proper disposition and destruction of such item/s which shall be borne by the
offender: Provided, That those item/s of lawful commerce, as determined by the Board, shall be donated,

15
used or recycled for legitimate purposes: Provided, further, That a representative sample, duly weighed and
recorded is retained;
(5) The Board shall then issue a sworn certification as to the fact of destruction or burning of the
subject item/s which, together with the representative sample/s in the custody of the PDEA, shall be
submitted to the court having jurisdiction over the case. In all instances, the representative sample/s shall be
kept to a minimum quantity as determined by the Board;
(6) The alleged offender or his/her representative or counsel shall be allowed to personally observe all
of the above proceedings and his/her presence shall not constitute an admission of guilt. In case the said
offender or accused refuses or fails to appoint a representative after due notice in writing to the accused or
his/her counsel within seventy-two (72) hours before the actual burning or destruction of the evidence in
question, the Secretary of Justice shall appoint a member of the public attorney's office to represent the
former;
(7) After the promulgation and judgment in the criminal case wherein the representative sample/s was
presented as evidence in court, the trial prosecutor shall inform the Board of the final termination of the
case and, in turn, shall request the court for leave to turn over the said representative sample/s to the PDEA
for proper disposition and destruction within twenty-four (24) hours from receipt of the same;

Section 22. Grant of Compensation, Reward and Award. - The Board shall recommend to the
concerned government agency the grant of compensation, reward and award to any person providing
information and to law enforcers participating in the operation, which results in the successful confiscation,
seizure or surrender of dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs, and controlled precursors and
essential chemicals.

Section 23. Plea-Bargaining Provision. - Any person charged under any provision of this Act regardless
of the imposable penalty shall not be allowed to avail of the provision on plea-bargaining.

Section 24. Non-Applicability of the Probation Law for Drug Traffickers and Pushers. - Any person
convicted for drug trafficking or pushing under this Act, regardless of the penalty imposed by the Court,
cannot avail of the privilege granted by the Probation Law or Presidential Decree No. 968, as amended.

Section 25. Qualifying Aggravating Circumstances in the Commission of a Crime by an Offender

Under the Influence of Dangerous Drugs. - Notwithstanding the provisions of any law to the contrary, a
positive finding for the use of dangerous drugs shall be a qualifying aggravating circumstance in the
commission of a crime by an offender, and the application of the penalty provided for in the Revised Penal
Code shall be applicable.

Section 26. Attempt or Conspiracy. - Any attempt or conspiracy to commit the following unlawful acts
shall be penalized by the same penalty prescribed for the commission of the same as provided under this
Act:

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 (a) Importation of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical;
(b) Sale, trading, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution and transportation of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical;
(c) Maintenance of a den, dive or resort where any dangerous drug is used in any form;
(d) Manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical; and
(e) Cultivation or culture of plants which are sources of dangerous drugs.

Section 27. Criminal Liability of a Public Officer or Employee for Misappropriation, Misapplication
or Failure to Account for the Confiscated, Seized and/or Surrendered Dangerous Drugs, Plant
Sources of Dangerous Drugs, Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals,
Instruments/Paraphernalia and/or Laboratory Equipment Including the Proceeds or Properties
Obtained from the Unlawful Act Committed. - The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine
ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00), in
addition to absolute perpetual disqualification from any public office, shall be imposed upon any public
officer or employee who misappropriates, misapplies or fails to account for confiscated, seized or
surrendered dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential
chemicals, instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment including the proceeds or properties
obtained from the unlawful acts as provided for in this Act.
Any elective local or national official found to have benefited from the proceeds of the trafficking of
dangerous drugs as prescribed in this Act, or have received any financial or material contributions or
donations from natural or juridical persons found guilty of trafficking dangerous drugs as prescribed in this
Act, shall be removed from office and perpetually disqualified from holding any elective or appointive
positions in the government, its divisions, subdivisions, and intermediaries, including government-owned
or –controlled corporations.

Section 28. Criminal Liability of Government Officials and Employees. - The maximum penalties of
the unlawful acts provided for in this Act shall be imposed, in addition to absolute perpetual
disqualification from any public office, if those found guilty of such unlawful acts are government officials
and employees.

Section 29. Criminal Liability for Planting of Evidence. - Any person who is found guilty of "planting"
any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical, regardless of quantity and purity,
shall suffer the penalty of death.

Section 30. Criminal Liability of Officers of Partnerships, Corporations, Associations or Other

Juridical Entities. - In case any violation of this Act is committed by a partnership, corporation,
association or any juridical entity, the partner, president, director, manager, trustee, estate administrator, or
officer who consents to or knowingly tolerates such violation shall be held criminally liable as a co-
principal.
The penalty provided for the offense under this Act shall be imposed upon the partner, president,
director, manager, trustee, estate administrator, or officer who knowingly authorizes, tolerates or consents
to the use of a vehicle, vessel, aircraft, equipment or other facility, as an instrument in the importation, sale,
trading, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution, transportation or manufacture of dangerous
drugs, or chemical diversion, if such vehicle, vessel, aircraft, equipment or other instrument is owned by or
under the control or supervision of the partnership, corporation, association or juridical entity to which they
are affiliated.

Section 31. Additional Penalty if Offender is an Alien. - In addition to the penalties prescribed in the
unlawful act committed, any alien who violates such provisions of this Act shall, after service of sentence,
be deported immediately without further proceedings, unless the penalty is death.

Section 32. Liability to a Person Violating Any Regulation Issued by the Board. - The penalty of
imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and one (1) day to four (4) years and a fine ranging from Ten
thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person found
violating any regulation duly issued by the Board pursuant to this Act, in addition to the administrative
sanctions imposed by the Board.

Section 33. Immunity from Prosecution and Punishment. - Notwithstanding the provisions of Section
17, Rule 119 of the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure and the provisions of Republic Act No. 6981 or
the Witness Protection, Security and Benefit Act of 1991, any person who has violated Sections 7, 11, 12,
14, 15, and 19, Article II of this Act, who voluntarily gives information about any violation of Sections 4, 5,
6, 8, 10, 13, and 16, Article II of this Act as well as any violation of the offenses mentioned if committed
by a drug syndicate, or any information leading to the whereabouts, identities and arrest of all or any of the
members thereof; and who willingly testifies against such persons as described above, shall be exempted
from prosecution or punishment for the offense with reference to which his/her information of testimony
were given, and may plead or prove the giving of such information and testimony in bar of such
prosecution: Provided, That the following conditions concur:
(1) The information and testimony are necessary for the conviction of the persons described above;

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(2) Such information and testimony are not yet in the possession of the State;
(3) Such information and testimony can be corroborated on its material points;
(4) The informant or witness has not been previously convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude,
except when there is no other direct evidence available for the State other than the information and
testimony of said informant or witness; and
(5) The informant or witness shall strictly and faithfully comply without delay, any condition or
undertaking, reduced into writing, lawfully imposed by the State as further consideration for the grant of
immunity from prosecution and punishment.
Provided, further, That this immunity may be enjoyed by such informant or witness who does not
appear to be most guilty for the offense with reference to which his/her information or testimony were
given: Provided, finally, That there is no direct evidence available for the State except for the information
and testimony of the said informant or witness.

Section 34. Termination of the Grant of Immunity. - The immunity granted to the informant or witness,
as prescribed in Section 33 of this Act, shall not attach should it turn out subsequently that the information
and/or testimony is false, malicious or made only for the purpose of harassing, molesting or in any way
prejudicing the persons described in the preceding Section against whom such information or testimony is
directed against. In such case, the informant or witness shall be subject to prosecution and the enjoyment of
all rights and benefits previously accorded him under this Act or any other law, decree or order shall be
deemed terminated.
In case an informant or witness under this Act fails or refuses to testify without just cause, and when
lawfully obliged to do so, or should he/she violate any condition accompanying such immunity as provided
above, his/her immunity shall be removed and he/she shall likewise be subject to contempt and/or criminal
prosecution, as the case may be, and the enjoyment of all rights and benefits previously accorded him under
this Act or in any other law, decree or order shall be deemed terminated.
In case the informant or witness referred to under this Act falls under the applicability of this Section
hereof, such individual cannot avail of the provisions under Article VIII of this Act.

Section 35. Accessory Penalties. - A person convicted under this Act shall be disqualified to exercise
his/her civil rights such as but not limited to, the rights of parental authority or guardianship, either as to the
person or property of any ward, the rights to dispose of such property by any act or any conveyance inter
vivos, and political rights such as but not limited to, the right to vote and be voted for. Such rights shall also
be suspended during the pendency of an appeal from such conviction.

===========================================================================
Part 7
Drug Traffic Route

THE 2ND MAJOR DRUG TRAFFIC ROUTE

a. Golden Triangle b. Drugs that originates from the Golden Crescent

Burma/Myanmar
- Iran
- Afghanistan
- Pakistan
Laos Thailand - India

===========================================================================
Part 8
Vice

VICE

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 - Is a practice, behavior, or habit generally considered immoral, sinful, criminal, rude, taboo, depraved,
or degrading in the
associated society.
- In more minor usage, vice can refer to a fault, a negative character trait, a defect, an infirmity, or a
bad or unhealthy habit (such as an addiction to smoking).
- In this sense, the word “vice” comes from the Latin word “vitium”, meaning "failing or defect".

A. ALCOHOL
- Is one of the oldest intoxicants known to man starting from the early era of civilization.
- In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is
bound to a saturated carbon atom.
- The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), the predominant
alcohol in alcoholic
beverages.

ALCOHOLISM
- An addiction to the consumption of alcoholic liquor or the mental illness and compulsive behavior
resulting from alcohol
dependency.
- Also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in
problems.

DRUNKARD
- A person who is habitually drunk/takes or uses any intoxicating alcoholic liquor

There are two kinds of alcohol:

1. Methyl alcohol
□ Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha, methyl hydrate, or wood
spirits.
□ Methanol is a nondrinking type of alcohol used for industrial and automotive purposes.
2. Ethyl alcohol
□ Ethyl alcohol, also called ethanol, grain alcohol, or alcohol, a member of a class of organic
compounds that are given the general name alcohols;
□ Ethyl alcohol is an important industrial chemical; it is used as a solvent, in the synthesis of other
organic chemicals, and as an
additive to automotive gasoline (forming a mixture known as a gasohol).
□ Ethyl alcohol is also the intoxicating ingredient of many alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and
distilled spirits.

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
Availability
The Philippine government prohibits the selling of alcoholic beverages to minors. The availability of
such may also be affected
by special pronouncements from different agencies such as the temporary banning due to election period.

1. Beer
Brief History
This is one of the oldest beverages in the world. Historically, this was regulated in the Code of
Hammurabi. In the ancient
world, a goddess of beer known as Ninkasi, was worshiped in songs and prayers wherein the recipe
for beer forms part of a
hymn.
Modern Times
In the modern day, beer is served in varying temperatures and containers such as casks, kegs
(draught), bottles, and cans.
Common modern beers have 4% to 6% alcohol. There are, however, some breweries that create beer
from 0.5 to 20% alcohol. In
rare occasions, brewers create strong beers that reach to 40% and beyond.
Impact on the Market
In comparison to other alcoholic beverages, beer is still the top-selling product in the Philippines
due to its accessibility and euphoric effects. It is not as strong as those under spirits or hard liquor,
therefore the gradual effects of beer as its nature reflects, provides for its market.

2. Rum (alternatively spelled RHUM is the Philippines)

Brief History
The origin of rum is very hard to determine since it has existed in the records of China, Southeast
Asia, and Iran for
thousands of years. The primary ingredient is sugar cane, with its byproduct molasses. The actual

19
 fermentation was recorded in
the Carabean area in the 17th century.
Modern Times
This alcoholic drink is often called “whisky” by people in the Philippines, specifically those in
the provincial areas of
Visayas. This was due to its indifference to beer and nearly similar effects to whiskey.
Impact on the Market
This product is largely preferred by the majority of Filipinos defined as living in poverty due to
its low cost and high effects of euphoria in small amounts in comparison to beer and wine.

3. Gin
Brief History
Unlike other alcoholic beverages, gin started out as a herbal medicine that turned out to be an
alcoholic beverage to to its
tendency to produce euphoric effects. This was created in the middle ages. Despite being one of the potent
spirits (a liquid from juices which has undergone fermentation which was then forwarded to distillation),
this was used to remove bacteria in wounds and battle infections. This is either gargled or drank for such
purpose.
Modern Times
This alcoholic beverage is commonly mixed with tonic or soda water in most countries except in
the Philippines. In the
local setting, this is rarely drank without any form or chaser in forms of juices or carbonated drinks.
Most people prefer drinking this cold in Asia; specifically in forms of cocktails.
Impact on the Market
Recent times have shown that the marketability of gin in the early 2000s had a much larger
decrease in the present years,
technically due to the advertising methods of other liquors, specifically beers and brandy. The product,
however, still appeals to
those who prefer a much lighter drink in comparison to other hard drinks.

4. Vodka
Brief history
This potent beverage is mainly composed of ethanol and water. It has nearly the same properties
with gin in terms of its
claim to medical effects in battling bacteria. Historically, this is made from fermented potatoes or
grains. This alcoholic drink
was used since the 8th century.
Modern Times
Modern forms of this drink often include flavors of fruits to appeal to the younger generations,
specifically females. It must be noted, however, that vodka as a drink is very masculine if taken
without any other substance that changes its color, retaining
its potency. It must be noted that modern vodka has a minimum 40% alcohol content.
Impact on the Market
Vodka is a struggling product in Asia as it has various competitors in the market; it is also often
mistaken for gin which is a spirit.

5. Wine
Brief history
This has existed since 7000BC, wherein the first known use was in China. Contrary to most
belief that wine was made to
intoxicate people, there are many colorful literature and practical uses of wine. Such ranges from
rituals to various forms of
celebrations; and it is also used in cuisines world wide.
Modern Times
Common identification of wine is the fruit juice of grapes. Contrary to this, in the modern times,
this is largely made from
other fruit juices wherein such juices mix with yeast, transforming sugars to ethanol and carbon.
Impact on the Market
This product is a staple part of diet in most of western Europe. In the local setting, wine is
commonly seen in known
common occasions. Its market values lies on its used as part of rituals and social events.

6. Brandy
Brief history
This beverage is a spirit, produced through distilling wine. This is due to the curiosity of people
in search of a much potent
form of liquor with negated after effects. This was first created in the 15th century wherein its primary
discovery was due to an

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 accident of storing wine in casks.
Modern Times
This item is drank usually during damp or wet seasons. In Asia, this could be seen with ice or
served in glass specifically
made for brandy.
Impact on the Market
Next to rum and beer, this product is very popular due to its published claim of negating possible
headaches due to over
drinking.

7. Whiskey
Brief history
This is a type of distilled alcoholic drink alcoholic drink made from fermented grain mash.
Various grains are used wherein this product is aged in barrels or casks. This was discovered in
Babylonia (present day Iraq) during the 2nd millennium.
Modern Times
This is very popular among places where the temperature is lower than normal room temperature;
referred to as cold areas.
Impact on the Market
Due to its nature of being difficult to consume under normal circumstances, this product is very
masculine in nature. This is described as a means to define the hard effects of alcohol as a vice.

B. Prostitution
- is an act or practice of a woman who engages or habitually indulged in sexual intercourse for
money or profit.Prostitution is the act or practice of providing sexual services to another person in return
for payment.

Types of Prostitutes
1. Call Girls. These are the part-time prostitutes. They have their own legitimate work or profession
but work as prostitutes to
supplement their income.
2. Hustler. They are the professional type of prostitutes; they maybe bar or tavern pick-up girls or
street walker.
3. Door Knocker.This is the occasional or selective type of prostitutes; they are usually newcomers in
the business.
4. Factory Girls.They are the real professional type of prostitutes. They work in regular houses of
prostitution or brothels.

C. Gambling
- is a game or scheme wherein the result of which depends wholly or chiefly upon chance or
hazard.Gambling is the wagering of money or material value, referred to as "the stakes," on an event with
the primary intent of winning additional money or material
goods.

Types of Illegal Gambling in The Philippines

- games turn from legal to illegal when the wagers no longer transpire between players and a legally
licensed and regulated operator but rather when bets become a peer-to-peer game where the “house” takes a
rake of the profit which thus makes it illegal. The following games are deemed illegal in the peer to peer
betting environment :
1. Cockfighting 7. Black jack
2. Jueteng 8. Lucky nine
3. Jai alai game fixing 9. Mahjong
4. Numbers games 10. Domino
5. Bingo 11. Basketball
6. Cara y cruz 12. Boxing

===========================================================================
Part 9
DEFINITION OF TERMS

□ DRUG ADDICTIONS - a state of periodic or chronic (continuous) intoxication (drunk) detrimental

to individual and to the
society produced by the repeated consumption of drugs. (WHO)
□ CHEMICALS - is any substance taken into the body, which alters the way, the mind and the
bodywork. (Manwong, 2004)
□ CHEMICAL ABUSE - is an instance when the use of a chemical has produced a negative or harmful
consequence.

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□ TREATMENT - Is a medical service rendered to a client for the effective management of hit total
conditions related to drug
abuse. It deals with the physiological without abusing drugs.
□ DRUG ADDICTIONS - a state of periodic or chronic (continuous) intoxication (drunk) detrimental
to individual and to the
society produced by the repeated consumption of drugs. (WHO)
□ POLYDRUG ABUSE - many people who abuse on drug tend to take all sorts of drugs. Some play
chemical “Russian roulettes” by taking everything including unidentified pills.
□ DRUG EXPERIMENTER - one who illegally, wrongfully, or improperly uses any narcotics
substances, marijuana or
dangerous drugs as define not more than a few times for reasons or curiosity, peer pressure or other
similar reasons.

□ TOLERANCE - it is the increasing dosage of drugs to maintain the same effect.

□ WITHDRAWAL PERIOD - from the point of habituation or drug dependence up to the time a drug
dependent is totally or
gradually deprived of the drug.
□ HERBAL DRUGS - are plant substances that have drug effects and whose use is not generally
regulated by law. These
substances generally require little processing after the plants are gathered. Although they may be
processed or sold commercially, it is possible for the consumer to prepare the drug for use if it can be
grown locally.
□ OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS - are commercially produced drugs that may be purchased legally
without prescription.
These drugs are also known as propriety drugs. They are safe and effective when you follow the
directions on the label and as
directed by the health care professionals.
□ PRESCRIPTION DRUGS - are commercially produced drugs that can be legally sold or dispensed
only by a physician or on
physician’s order. They are like over-the-counter drugs for they are manufactured by pharmaceutical
companies, but they differ, because the decision to use drugs is vested in a physician, not in the user.
□ BUY BUST OPERATIONS - is a form of entrapment employed by law enforcement officers as an
effective way of apprehending a criminal in the act of the commission of the offense. Entrapment has
received judicial sanction as long as it is carried out with due regard to constitutional and legal
safeguards.
□ INTOXICATION - it is a physiological state occurring when an organism has a high level
of ethanol in its bloodstream, or when ethanol otherwise causes the physiological effect known as
drunkenness.

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