O10.3.24.10.

NGT
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (40 points)
I. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5 points)
Choose the best option to complete the following sentences.
1. As a rule, newcomers ________ a party at the end of the first month of their stay.
A. was held B. hold C. have held D. will hold
2. It is the recommendation of many psychologists ________ to associate words and
remember names.
A. that a learner uses mental images B. that a learner use mental images
C. that a learner must use mental images D. mental images are used
3. ________, methane can be used as a fuel.
A. It is produced by the fermentation of organic matter
B. Produced by the fermentation of organic matter
C. The production by the fermentation of organic matter
D. The fermentation of organic matter
4. ________be needed, the water basin would need to be dammed.
A. Hydroelectric power should B. When hydroelectric power
C. Hydroelectric power D. Should hydroelectric
power
5. A college is a public institution ________ the higher education of young men and
women. .
A. devoting B. which devotes C. to devote to D. devoted to
6. I need to find an apartment before I can move. ________ I can find one in the next
week or so, I will move to Chicago the first of next month.
A. Even if B. Provided that C. Only if D. If only
7. Since they aren’t answering their phone, they ________.
A. need have left B. can have left C. must have left D. should have left
8. The place was decorated with great care and looked as if it ________ vandalised.
A. has never been B. never were C. had never been D. would never be
9. ________ is an interesting colour combination.
A. That I look for in a painting B. I look for in a painting
C. What I look for in a painting D. It is what I look for in a painting
10. Solar heat penetrates more deeply into water than ________.
A. it is penetrating into soil B. does it into soil
C. it does into soil D. that it does into soil
II. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5 points)
Choose the best option to complete the following sentences.
11. Could you possibly_______me at the next committee meeting?
A. stand in for B. make up for C. fall back on
D. keep in with
12. They _______ a big fortune when they were young, so they didn’t have to work hard.
A. came into B. came up C. came across D. came round
13. If you would like to wait a moment, sir, I will just________ your file on the computer
screen.
A. pull down B. call up C. bring in D. pick up
14. We intend to _______with the old system as soon as we have developed a better one.
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 A. do away B. do up C. do in D. do down
15. All building work must be carried out _______ safety regulations.
A. with reference to B. with obedience to C. in compliance with D. on behalf of
16. When both parents went to prison, social workers took the children _______ care.
A. with B. for C. into D. to
17. The new manager's name is familiar _______ most of us.
A. as B. from C. to D. with
18. I’m very tired . Joan invited me to dinner at her house , but I don’t _______up to it . I
shall go to bed early.
A. look B. think C. feel D. come
19. Stringent measures were________ so that the government could balance its budget.
A. brought in B. call on C. let through D. looked up to
20. More homeowners with shaky credit are ________ on their mortgage payments,
especially in such states as Ohio, Alabama, where job losses have struck the local
economies.
A. standing by B. setting up C. catching on D. falling behind

III. VOCABULARY (10 points)

Choose the best option to complete the following sentences.
21. Italian TV has _______ a young composer to write an opera for the TV’s thirtieth
anniversary.
A. appointed B. commissioned C. consulted D. ordered
22. Mother dolphins ________ reduce their sleeping hours for one week after giving birth
in order to focus on rearing their newborn calfs.
A. previously B. currently C. profoundly D. dramatically
23. Sally discovered that her home had been ________ by burglars
A. annihilated B. exterminated C. ransacked D. eliminated
24. Although ________ to some people, the impacts of unhealthy lifestyles are for real.
A. dismissive B. imperceptible C. irrational
D. irrefutable
25. Female firefighters are sometimes the _________ of laughter and anger from the
coworkers and local people.
A. patients B. actors C. pilots
D. victims
26. After feeling off________ for days, Tom finally went to see his doctor.
A. food B. color C. fitness D. balance
27. It was found that he lacked the ________ to pursue a difficult task to the very end.
A. persuasion B. obligation C. engagement D. commitment
28. The ________ for the next conference hasn’t been announced yet, but it’s likely to be
somewhere in France.
A. set B. asset C. venue D. board
29. Can I ________ your brains for a moment? I can’t do this crossword by myself.
A. have B. pick C. mind D. use
30. Their research into the causes of cancer promises to break the new _________ in the
field and possibly lead to a cure.
A. earth B. ground C. soil D. land

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31. You just sit in the office. You can afford to pay someone else to do all the
___________work.
A. donkey B. dog C. horse D. cattle
32. One way to let off ________ after a stressful day is to take some vigorous exercise.
A. cloud B. tension C. steam D. sweat
33. The meeting was held immediately so that the medical staff could_________ their
view freely.
A. divulge B.vent C. utter D. air
34. A new computer has been produced, which will _________ all previous models
A. overdo B. supersede C. excel D. overwhelm
35. I've searched ________ for that old photo album, but I can't find it anywhere.
A. high and low B. in and out C. straight and narrow D. thick and thin
36. It is now _________ that vitamin C plays a crucial role in the manufacture of collagen
within the skin.
A. kind-hearted B. hand-made C. well-established D. thought-provoking
37. From time to time he _________ himself to a weekend in a five star hotel.
A. indulges B. treats C. benefits D. craves
38. As she walked through the halls of her old school, Mary became _________,
remembering her old teachers and friends.
A. prolific B. nostalgic C. cautious D. ambitious
39. . It is public knowledge that new magazines often use free gifts or other ________ to
get people to buy them.
A. gimmicks B. snares C. plots D. scams
40. IT can be viewed as a reinforcement of existing power structures rather than a/an
________ scythe.
A. unprophetic B. reticent C. apocalyptic D. nugatory
IV. GUIDED CLOZE (10 points)
For questions 41 – 50, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best
fits each gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
After a four-decade-long career, Tri has not lost his passion for (41) ______ antique radios
and cassette players to retain the (42)______ memory of vintage sounds. The repair shop
of 67-year-old technician Tri catches the eye of passers-by with its old-school (43) ____
that has been kept from the early post-war years.
Tri learned the trade of radio repair from his brother and has kept the heritage alive in his
shop for the past 40 years.
In recent years, the shop has seen a significant (44) ______ in its customer base, leaving
only a few loyal visitors. Because of the slowdown, Tri has had to (45) ______ working as
a ‘xe om’ motorbike taxi driver as a side job to support his family.
“Yet, I still want to keep the shop running to cure the ‘disease’ for them [the radios] and
let the old sounds have their own world,” Tri said.
He stores a (46) ______ of vintage pieces and gadgets from the past century in the mere
two-square-meter area of his kiosk. The technician has acquired (47) ______ experience in
repairing virtually every product line (48) ______ of radios and cassette players. No matter
how much time or effort it takes, he never fails to figure out the issue and find the right
spare parts to fix his customers' devices.
According to Tri, there are two options for repairing a radio, depending on the condition of
the device: recovery or replacement. In the shop, there have been instances of antique,
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seemingly can-not-be-(49) ______ devices that were brought back to (50) ______ thanks
to Tri's diligence. Tri said the avid collectors as well as the people who fix radio devices
find it too hard to give up the antique equipment for new tech pieces. [...]
41. A. reassuring B. reusing C. rejuvenating D. reselling
42. A. loathsome B. execrated C. hostile D. treasured
43. A. signature B. signings C. assignment D. signage
44. A. downswing B. disparity C. incandescence D. non-aggression
45. A. salt away B. put by C. blotte out D. usher in
46. A. shortage B. dearth C. many D. plethora
47. A. hands-down B. onhand C. hands-on D. hands-free
48. A. over the counter B. on the back C. in the realm D. at the coalface
49. A. salvaged B. retrieved C. relinquished D. ditched
50. A. society B. life C. day D. heart
V. READING COMPREHENSION (10 points)
For questions 51-60, read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of
the following questions.
The Vanishing Tourist
One day, there will be no more tourists. There will be adventurers, fieldwork assistants,
volunteers and, of course, travellers. There might still be those who quietly slip away to
foreign lands for nothing more than pure pleasure, but it will be a secretive and frowned
upon pursuit. No one will want to own up to being on of those. It might even be illegal .
Already tourists are discouraged from entering certain areas, and new names are being
added to the list of territories where we should fear to tread. The charitable organisation
Tourism Concern identifies seven countries as having areas that have been adversely
affected by tourism. Tourists only wreak havoc. Tourists only destroy the natural
environment. Tourists only emasculate local cultures. Tourists bring nothing with them
but their money. They must be stopped at any price.
Yet less than 40 years ago, tourism was encouraged as an unquestionable good. With the
arrival of the package holiday and charter flights, tourism could at last be enjoyed by the
masses. By the 1980s, tourism was the largest and fastest-growing industry in the world
and, by the end of the decade, 20 million Britons a year went abroad on holiday.
It won’t be easy to wipe out this massive, ever growing tribe. Today there are more than
700m ‘tourist arrivals’ each year. The World Tourism Organisation forecasts that, by
2020, there will be 1.56 billion tourists travelling at any one time. The challenge to
forcibly curtail more than a billion tourists from going where they want to go is so
immense as to be impossible. You cannot make so many economically empowered people
stop doing something they want to do unless you argue that it is of such extreme damage
to the welfare of the world that only the truly malicious, utterly selfish and totally
irresponsible would ever consider doing it. This is clearly absurd; whatever benefits or
otherwise may accrue from tourism, it is not, despite what a tiny minority say, evil. It can
cause harm. It can be morally neutral. And it can, occasionally, be a force for great good.
So the tourist is being attacked by more subtle methods: by being re-branded in the hope
we won’t recognise it as the unattractive entity it once was. The word ‘tourist’ is being
removed from anything that was once called a holiday in the pamphlet that was once
called a holiday brochure. Of course, adventurers, fieldwork assistants, volunteers and
travellers don’t go on holidays. Un-tourists (as I will call them) go on things called
‘cultural experiences’, ‘expeditions’, ‘projects’, ‘mini-ventures’ and, most tellingly,
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‘missions’. A Coral Cay Conservation Expedition flyer says: ‘The mission of any Coral
Cay Conservation Volunteer is to help sustain livelihoods and alleviate poverty.’
The word mission is apposite. While this re-branding is supposed to present a progressive,
modernistic approach to travel, in fact it is firmly rooted in the Victorian experience. Like
Victorian travellers, the modern day un-tourist insists that the main motive behind their
adventure is to help others. Whereas the mass tourist and the area they visit are condemned
as anti-ethical and at loggerheads, the ethos of the un-tourist and the needs of the area they
wander into are presumed to be in tune with each other. Environmental charity
Earthwatch, which organises holidays for ‘volunteers’, assures that they will provide ‘life-
changing’ opportunities for you and the environment ... See the world and give it a future.’
Un-tourists are very concerned about holding the moral high ground. Afraid of being
tainted by association, they avoid identifiably tourist structures, such as hotels. They prefer
to stay in a tent, a cabin, local-style houses such as yurts, thatched huts or, a typical
example, ‘a traditional Malay wooden stilt house’.These, they believe, are somehow more
in keeping with something they call local culture. Local culture is very important to the
un-tourist, whereas the mass tourist is believed to both shun and obliterate it.
Un-tourism relies upon exclusivity; it is all about preventing other people travelling in
order that you might legitimise your own travels. Pretending you are not doing something
that you actually are – going on holiday – is at the heart of the un-tourist endeavour. Every
aspect of the experience has to be disguised. Gone are the glossy brochures. Instead, the
expeditions, projects and adventures are advertised in publications more likely to resemble
magazines with a concern in ecological or cultural issues. The price is usually well hidden,
as if there is a reluctance to admit that this is, in essence, a commercial transaction. There
is something unedifying about having to pay to do good.

51. What does the passage suggest about tourists in the future?
A. They will try to minimize risks of being recognized as tourists.
B. They will assume various responsibilities and fulfill them.
C. They will travel stealthily and follow fixed modes of behaviour.
D. They will eschew tourism as a way of entertaining themselves.
52. In the second paragraph, what said about tourism is closest to a method of
A. self-correcting B. fault-finding C. castigating D. acclaiming
53. The second paragraph is most probably to disprove
A. tourists’ disregard for local cultures. B. tourism’s benefits to indigenous people.
C. the value of tourism. D. the toll tourists leave on visited areas.
54. The word “emasculate” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. fortify B. vitiate C. homogenize D. reverberate
55. A reason cited by the author for the hardships in stopping tourism is that
A. tourists are not awakened to the lack of morality in their pursuits.
B. financial freedom gives people the right to do things at their pleasure.
C. advocates of stopping tourism are less affluent than mass tourists.
D. arguments against it are unanswerable.
56. What does the writer suggest about tourism?
A. Up to the moment of writing, tourism had always been promoted.
B. It involves nefarious people travelling to quench their insatiable thirst forknowledge.
C. Its benefits have intrigued adventurers and laypersons alike.
D. Tourists may have recourse to so-called purposes to disguise their true motives.
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57. Which phrase in the sixth paragraph best reflects the nature of the relationship between
un-tourists and local areas?
A. at loggerheads
B. presumed to be in tune
C. rooted in the Victorian experience
D. supposed to present a progressive, modernistic approach
58. The writer demonstrates a point that un-tourists:
A. are aesthetically attracted by environmentally-friendly types of accommodation
while travelling.
B. attach adequate importance to the development and preservation of local cultures.
C. have an inclination to believe that what they do when travelling has beneficial
effects.
D. represent a positive trend which correlates with the new approach to halting tourism.
59. It can be implied that efforts made by un-tourists are fundamentally aimed at
A. masking their primary purposes for travelling.
B. demotivizing other people with regard to travelling.
C. masquerading as well-meaning travellers.
D. promoting local cultures in places they visit.
60. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a method used by un-tourists to achieve
their goals?
A. associating travel with purposes different from pure pleasure.
B. publicizing their missions in magazines.
C. concealing the prices involved in their travels.
D. shunning places recognizable as accommodation for tourists.
B. WRITTEN TEST (60 points)
I. READING (20 points)
Part 1. CLOZE TEST (10 points)
Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE
WORD for each space.
Writing is a medium of (1) ________ that most people use daily, and perhaps even take
for granted. Yet, without a shadow of a (2) ________, it has been one of the key elements
in the development of society. Writing systems and the invention of books have meant that
knowledge can be passed (3)________ reality through the generations.
Much evidence suggests that (4) ________ was in the Middle East that systems of writing
were initially developed, and these were born out of practical necessity. As individuals
grouped together in cities, this (5) ________ rise to more frequent trading of goods, but
keeping a running order of these goods was an (6)_______ battle, especially since they
were often communally stored.
(7)_______ the face of these difficulties, a better method of controlling and accounting
(8)_______ stock was developed, and this was the very first system of writing. It initially
took the form of pictures drawn in clay tablets to represent a particular commodity, with
lines corresponding to the number of items a person had. In time, these drawings gave (9)
________ to symbols, which were more efficient for the writer, and then to more detailed
forms of written record. This is when writing evolved to more than just lists of nouns, and
started to (10)_______ the shape of the fully formed sentences we see today.

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Part 2: In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 11-
17, read the passage and choose from the paragraphs A-F the one which fits each gap.
There is ONE extra paragraph which you do not need to use. (7 points)
Happy as your genes allow
The true key to happiness, says researcher David Lykken, lies in our genes. To many of us,
this notion might seem absurd. Humans seem to be on an emotional roller coaster, the ups
and downs of which often appear to be determined by fate. We feel good when we win an
award or make a new friend; bad when we have to face one of life‘s inevitable setbacks.

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Lykken‘s interest in happiness was sparked by his earliest research into its possible
determinants. Scientists have tried for years to identify a link between contentment and
marital status, socioeconomic position, professional success and other factors. Yet they
invariably come up empty-handed. “I was intrigued by the way that things like beauty,
wealth and status never seemed to make much difference,” says Lykken, a semi-retired
professor at the university of Minnesota.

12

As part of the comprehensive research on the siblings, Lykken had asked his subjects a
range of questions about how happy they felt. He decided to revisit those studies to see if
he could establish a genetic connection. The results, says Lykken, were surprising. He
found a very high correlation between happiness and genes as revealed by the similarities
in the twins‘ responses to questions, irrespective of whether they had been raised together
or apart.

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Nine years on, therefore, he decided to ask the same subjects the same questions. The
evidence Lykken found suggested that their contentment was 90 per cent genetic. Both
twins‘ previous responses and those made almost a decade later enabled the answers of the
other twin to be predicted with a high level of accuracy. Lykken‘s first reaction was to
label the pursuit of happiness as a futile exercise.

14

In his own life, Lykken concentrates on completing small tasks that give him a great deal
of satisfaction. “I have just spent the morning writing, which is something I like and that I
am pretty good at”, he says. “This afternoon, I‘ll bake some loaves of bread, because I
need that for my morning toast. I just discovered that American Psychological Association
wants to give me an award, and that makes me feel good, but maybe not as good as that
daily baking.”

15

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The demeanour of those we live with is another vital factor. Teenagers with happy parents
tend to be happy themselves. It is not until they leave home that they find their own set
point. Likewise, a husband or wife‘s inner contentment has a large bearing on that of their
spouse. Marrying an upbeat person is probably the best mood enhancer around.

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In the science fiction work Brave New World, for example, people who took “happy pills”
were incapable of seeing life as it truly was. Fans of Woody Allen, the perpetually
depressed actor and film maker, will remember the scene in the film Annie Hall in which
he asks a strolling couple why they are so happy. “Because we are so shallow and
mindless,” they reply.

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Lykken is skeptical. “Even if you can speak their language, they might not have the same
psychological vocabulary for expressing how they feel at any given moment,” he says.
Lykken refuses to believe that there is any correlation between the state of the society‘s
technical or intellectual development and personal happiness. In fact, he argues that good
humour is probably favoured by evolution. “The gloomiest probably don‘t do very well in
the romance stakes,” he theories. “So, as a human race, we‘re probably getting slightly
happier over time.”

The missing paragraphs:

A “Then I began to ask myself whether those findings may have been influenced by how
people were feeling on a certain day – if they had just cut themselves, for example, or
had trouble finding a parking space,” he says.

B Lykken also advocates control of anger as another regular way of boosting happiness
questions. “People would rather feel anger than feel scared,” he says. “When we are
angry we feel strong, but in the long run, I believe it‘s more harmful to happiness than
anything else.”

C The surest way to do this, Lykken believes, is to lose sight of our purpose in life. We
describe the case of a Californian firefighter - the patient of a friend – who recently
retired from the service and quickly became depressed. His mood picked up when he
discovered that many windows in the neighbourhood needed to have things fixed round
the house.

D Some philosophers question whether humans should actually be seeking such happiness
including arrangements in the first place. Joy is sometimes associated with ignorance,
they argue, causing happy people to “see the world through rose-tinted glasses”.

E According to Lykken, however, each person possesses a “happiness set point” – the
level of contentment to which we return after the impact of such specific events is
absorbed. While humans teeter wildly around that point during their lives, experiencing
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 moments of extreme elation or depression, in the long run they gravitate back to their
pre-set happiness level.

F “I said at the time that trying to be happier might be the same as trying to be taller,” he
recalls, but he no longer views his research in that light. While the individual‘s sense of
well- being might be 90 per cent predetermined, people still have substantial leeway to
control their emotions. Lykken believes humans can – and should – aim to achieve
happiness slightly above their pre-set level.

G In the late 1990s, the psychologist realized that he might be able to shed some further
light on the subject. “That was a happy moment,” he jokes. Over a long period of time,
Lykken had been following the progress of 300 pairs of identical twins. Identical twins
help scientists differentiate between the effects of the environment and heredity.
Because twins‘ genetic make- up is the same, small differences between them argue in
favour of heredity. Large divergences point to the environment as the greater
determining factor.

H Some people would rule out even this possibility, insisting that happiness is inconsistent
with modern times. Contemporary lives are so stressful, they say, that joy becomes
elusive. Primitive tribes are better off. We should feel nostalgic for “simpler” times
when we felt content with so much less.

Part 3.
Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
The steam car
The successes and failures of the Doble brothers and their steam cars
A When primitive automobiles first began to appear in the 1800s, their engines were
based on steam power. Steam had already enjoyed a long and successful career in the
railways, so it was only natural that the technology evolved into a miniaturized version
which was separate from the trains. But these early cars inherited steam’s weaknesses
along with its strengths. The boilers had to be lit by hand, and they required about
twenty minutes to build up pressure before they could be driven. Furthermore, their
water reservoirs only lasted for about thirty miles before needing replenishment.
Despite such shortcomings, these newly designed self-propelled carriages offered
quick transportation, and by the early 1900s it was not uncommon to see such
machines shuttling wealthy citizens around town.
B But the glory days of steam cars were few. A new technology called the Internal
Combustion Engine soon appeared, which offered the ability to drive down the road
just moments after starting up. At first, these noisy gasoline cars were unpopular
because they were more complicated to operate and they had difficult hand-crank
starters, which were known to break arms when the engines backfired. But in 1912
General Motors introduced the electric starter, and over the following few years steam
power was gradually phased out.
C Even as the market was declining, four brothers made one last effort to rekindle the
technology. Between 1906 and 1909, while still attending high school, Abner Doble
and his three brothers built their first steam car in their parents’ basement. It comprised
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 parts taken from a wrecked early steam car but reconfigured to drive an engine of their
own design. Though it did not run well, the Doble brothers went on to build a second
and third prototype in the following years. Though the Doble boys’ third prototype,
nicknamed the Model B, still lacked the convenience of an internal combustion engine,
it drew the attention of automobile trade magazines due to its numerous improvements
over previous steam cars. The Model B proved to be superior to gasoline automobiles
in many ways. Its high-pressure steam drove the engine pistons in virtual silence, in
contrast to clattering gas engines which emitted the aroma of burned hydrocarbons.
Perhaps most impressively, the Model B was amazingly swift. It could accelerate from
zero to sixty miles per hour in just fifteen seconds, a feat described as ‘remarkable
acceleration’ by Automobile magazine in 1914.
D The following year Abner Doble drove the Model B from Massachusetts to Detroit in
order to seek investment in his automobile design, which he used to open the General
Engineering Company. He and his brothers immediately began working on the Model
C, which was intended to expand upon the innovations of the Model B. The brothers
added features such as a key-based ignition in the cabin, eliminating the need for the
operator to manually ignite the boiler. With these enhancements, the Dobles’ new car
company promised a steam vehicle which would provide all of the convenience of a
gasoline car, but with much greater speed, much simpler driving controls, and a
virtually silent powerplant. By the following April, the General Engineering Company
had received 5,390 deposits for Doble Detroits, which were scheduled for delivery in
early 1918.
E Later that year Abner Doble delivered unhappy news to those eagerly awaiting the
delivery of their modem new cars. Those buyers who received the handful of
completed cars complained that the vehicles were sluggish and erratic, sometimes
going in reverse when they should go forward. The new engine design, though
innovative, was still plagued with serious glitches.
F The brothers made one final attempt to produce a viable steam automobile. In early
1924, the Doble brothers shipped a Model E to New York City to be road-tested by the
Automobile Club of America. After sitting overnight in freezing temperatures, the car
was pushed out into the road and left to sit for over an hour in the frosty morning air.
At the turn of the key, the boiler lit and reached its operating pressure inside of forty
seconds. As they drove the test vehicle further, they found that its evenly distributed
weight lent it surprisingly good handling, even though it was so heavy. As the new
Doble steamer was further developed and tested, its maximum speed was pushed to
over a hundred miles per hour, and it achieved about fifteen miles per gallon of
kerosene with negligible emissions.
G Sadly, the Dobles’ brilliant steam car never was a financial success. Priced at around
$18,000 in 1924, it was popular only among the very wealthy. Plus, it is said that no
two Model Es were quite the same, because Abner Doble tinkered endlessly with the
design. By the time the company folded in 1931, fewer than fifty of the amazing
Model E steam cars had been produced. For his whole career, until his death in 1961,
Abner Doble remained adamant that steam-powered automobiles were at least equal to
gasoline cars, if not superior. Given the evidence, he may have been right. Many of the
Model E Dobles which have survived are still in good working condition, some having
been driven over half a million miles with only normal maintenance. Astonishingly, an
unmodified Doble Model E runs clean enough to pass the emissions laws in California
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 today, and they are pretty strict. It is true that the technology poses some difficult
problems, but you cannot help but wonder how efficient a steam car might be with the
benefit of modem materials and computers. Under the current pressure to improve
automotive performance and reduce emissions, it is not unthinkable that the steam car
may rise again.
Questions 18-24
Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 18-24 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i A period in cold conditions before the technology is
assessed
ii Marketing issues lead to failure
iii Good and bad aspects of steam technology are passed
on
iv A possible solution to the issues of today
v Further improvements lead to commercial orders
vi Positive publicity at last for this quiet, clean, fast vehicle
vii A disappointing outcome for customers
viii A better option than the steam car arises
18 Paragraph A
19 Paragraph B
20 Paragraph C
21 Paragraph D
22 Paragraph E
23 Paragraph F
24 Paragraph G

Questions 21-23
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 21-23 on your answer sheet.
25. What point does the writer make about the steam car in Paragraph B?
A. Its success was short-lived.
B. Not enough cars were made.
C. Car companies found them hard to sell.
D. People found them hard to drive.
26. When building their first steam car, the Doble brothers
A. constructed all the parts themselves.
B. made written notes at each stage of the construction.
C. needed several attempts to achieve a competitive model.
D. sought the advice of experienced people in the car industry.
27. In order to produce the Model C, the Doble brothers
A. moved production to a different city.
B. raised financial capital.
C. employed an additional worker.
D. abandoned their earlier designs.
Questions 25-27
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Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ANDIOR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.

The Model E
The Model E was road-tested in 1924 by the Automobile Club of America. They found
it easy to drive, despite its weight, and it impressed the spectators. A later version of the
Model E raised its 28………………, while keeping its emissions extremely low.
The steam car was too expensive for many people and its design was constantly being
altered. Under 29……………… cars were produced before the company went out of
business. However, even today, there are Model Es on the road in the US. They are
straightforward to maintain, and they satisfy California’s 30……………… emissions
laws. Perhaps today’s technology and materials would help us revive the steam car.

II. WORD FORMATION (20 points)

Part 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses. (10
points)
1. Lettering is a simple form of ______________ learned in early stages of life. (PEN)
2. During court, the reporter took ______________ notes using abbreviations so that she
could type as quickly as the attorneys talked. (HAND)
3. Thousands of patients' lives have been made ________________ better by the
application of cloning genes. (MEASURE)
4. When we arrived at the hotel, we were amazed at the ______________ hospitality of
the staff. (COMPARE)
5. She looked in on the baby _______________ to check that it was all right. (PERIOD)
6. The educational program we are launching is to _________________ teenage girls in
rural areas. (POWER)
7. A list of _________________ events for the autumn is being prepared. (COME)
8. Cigarettes, coffee and alcohol and other __________________ are known to have an
adverse influence upon human health. (ADDICT)
9. ____________ is an economic theory which states that a progressively greater level of
consumption is beneficial to the consumers. (CONSUME)
10. Every man talking with Katie likes her. She is very nice and ________________.
(LADY)
Part 2: Complete the passage with the appropriate forms from the words given in the
box.

design execute enhance drama

out
demand orientate company acquire
sleep

Power napping is an effective and under-used tool. It is a quick, intense sleep which
(11)________
improve alertness. These naps are especially useful for those whose sleep is constrained by
a (12)________ schedule: for example, mothers of small children or traveling business

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(13) ________. However, the conditions must be right and practice is required for
maximum effect.

Power naps should be short, between ten and twenty-five minutes, to prevent (14)
________ on awakening. Some people believe it is impossible to fall asleep in such a short
time, but (15)________ of the habit is simply a question of practice.At the (16) ________,
it is more important to relax for a while than actually fall asleep.

Power napping is not a good idea if you find it difficult to wake up at the (17) ________
time to have problems sleeping at night after a power nap in the day. The kind of dozing
that can (18) ________ a sensation of overwhelming (19) ________ is not a true power
nap, but a desperate attempt to compensate for a poor sleep routine. However, with
practice, you will find that power naps can lead to a welcome (20) ________ of your
performance when you need it most.

III. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 PTS)

Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in
meaning to the sentence printed before it.
1. I wasn’t surprised when they refused to pay me.
As I _________________________________
2. The police’s prejudice against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files.
The fact that __________________________________________
3. Whatever the methods used to obtain the result, drugs were definitely not involved.
There was no question
___________________________________________________________
4. Do you think Sally will be able to come to us for Christmas?
Is there any________________________________________?
5. The students’ rebellious behaviors should have been severely punishment.
The students deserved __________________________

Rewrite the following sentences, using the given words without changing the original
meaning; do not change these words.
6. Her new novel has earned great write-ups from critics everywhere. (RAVED)
Critics from far_____________________________
7.Tina advised starting the project over again from the beginning to ensure perfection.
(SCRATCH)
It was on_____________________________________
8. Passengers should get on the train quickly as soon as it stops. (STANDSTILL)
The instant _________________________________________
9. That he never pays attention to my pay rise request is extremely irksome. (EAR)
What extremely _________________________________________
10. Jake hates it when reporters try to find out information about his personal life.
(PRYING)
Jake doesn’t take _________________________________________
------------------ HẾT ------------------

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