MCQ:-

Unit 1: Software Basics

1. What is software?
o A) A single program
o B) A combination of programs, tools, and guides
o C) Only executable code
o D) Hardware components

Answer: B) A combination of programs, tools, and guides

2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of software?

o A) Software does not wear out
o B) Software is custom-built
o C) Software is manufactured like hardware
o D) Software is engineered

Answer: C) Software is manufactured like hardware

3. Which type of software directly interacts with computer hardware?

o A) System Software
o B) Business Software
o C) Web-based Software
o D) AI Software

Answer: A) System Software

4. Microsoft Word is an example of:

o A) Embedded software
o B) System software
o C) Business software
o D) Real-time software

Answer: C) Business software

5. Which type of software controls physical devices such as brakes in a car?

o A) AI Software
o B) Embedded Software
o C) Business Software
o D) Web-based Software

Answer: B) Embedded Software

6. What is the main difference between a program and software?

o A) A program is standalone, while software includes documentation and tools
o B) A program requires hardware, while software does not
o C) A program is complex, while software is simple
o D) A program cannot be executed, while software can

Answer: A) A program is standalone, while software includes documentation and tools

7. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of software?

 o A) It does not wear out
o B) It is developed, not manufactured
o C) It is always error-free
o D) It is usually custom-built

Answer: C) It is always error-free

8. Why does software not wear out like hardware?

o A) It is stored digitally and doesn’t degrade
o B) It is constantly replaced by new versions
o C) It has a self-repairing mechanism
o D) It is only used for a short time

Answer: A) It is stored digitally and doesn’t degrade

9. Which of the following is an example of system software?

o A) Microsoft Word
o B) Windows OS
o C) Google Chrome
o D) Adobe Photoshop

Answer: B) Windows OS

10. Real-time software is used for:

o A) Playing games
o B) Controlling critical processes instantly
o C) Writing documents
o D) Designing websites

Answer: B) Controlling critical processes instantly

11. Which type of software includes intelligent behavior such as decision-making?

o A) Embedded software
o B) System software
o C) AI software
o D) Business software

Answer: C) AI software

12. Embedded software is stored in:

o A) External storage devices
o B) RAM
o C) Read-only memory (ROM)
o D) Hard drives

Answer: C) Read-only memory (ROM)

13. Which of the following best describes web-based software?

o A) Installed locally
o B) Runs on a network/server
o C) Requires no internet connection
o D) Developed using machine language

Answer: B) Runs on a network/server

14. Which of the following is an example of personal computer software?

o A) SQL Server
 o B) Windows Firewall
o C) Adobe Photoshop
o D) Arduino Firmware

Answer: C) Adobe Photoshop

15. Software engineering is a:

 A) Trial-and-error method
 B) Systematic approach to software development
 C) Manufacturing process
 D) One-time activity

Answer: B) Systematic approach to software development

Unit 2: Software Development Models

1. Which software development model follows a strict linear approach?

o A) Agile Model
o B) Waterfall Model
o C) Spiral Model
o D) Prototyping Model

Answer: B) Waterfall Model

2. In which phase of the Waterfall Model is the software design documented?

o A) Coding
o B) Design
o C) Testing
o D) Support

Answer: B) Design

3. The Prototyping Model is useful when:

o A) Requirements are unclear
o B) The project is very small
o C) No customer involvement is needed
o D) All requirements are fixed

Answer: A) Requirements are unclear

4. The Spiral Model is best suited for:

o A) Small projects with clear requirements
o B) High-risk projects requiring frequent updates
o C) Static and unchanging projects
o D) Single-user applications

Answer: B) High-risk projects requiring frequent updates

5. The Waterfall Model is also known as:

 A) Agile Model
 B) Classic Life Cycle Model
 C) Prototyping Model
 D) Iterative Model
Answer: B) Classic Life Cycle Model

6. Which phase of the Waterfall Model involves converting design into code?

 A) Design
 B) Testing
 C) Coding
 D) Requirement Analysis

Answer: C) Coding

7. The biggest disadvantage of the Waterfall Model is:

 A) It is too flexible
 B) It does not allow feedback between phases
 C) It is not structured
 D) It is expensive

Answer: B) It does not allow feedback between phases

8. The Prototyping Model is useful when:

 A) Requirements are well-defined

 B) Requirements are unclear
 C) The project is simple
 D) Testing is not required

Answer: B) Requirements are unclear

9. The Spiral Model is mainly used for:

 A) Simple projects
 B) High-risk projects
 C) Small applications
 D) Pre-built software

Answer: B) High-risk projects

10. Which development model combines Waterfall and Prototyping?

 A) V-Model
 B) Spiral Model
 C) Agile Model
 D) RAD Model

Answer: B) Spiral Model

11. What is the main goal of the Agile Model?

 A) Deliver software quickly with frequent updates

 B) Follow a strict, linear approach
 C) Reduce customer involvement
 D) Eliminate testing

Answer: A) Deliver software quickly with frequent updates

 12. What is a key feature of the Incremental Model?

 A) Develop software in one phase

 B) Software is delivered in small parts
 C) No customer feedback is required
 D) All parts are delivered at once

Answer: B) Software is delivered in small parts

13. Which model ensures early defect detection?

 A) Waterfall Model
 B) V-Model
 C) Spiral Model
 D) Big Bang Model

Answer: B) V-Model

Unit 3: Requirement Gathering

1. Which of the following is NOT a requirement-gathering technique?

 A) FAST (Facilitated Application Specification Technique)

 B) QFD (Quality Function Deployment)
 C) Compilation Testing
 D) Interviews

Answer: C) Compilation Testing

2. What is the purpose of Quality Function Deployment (QFD)?

 A) To create a working prototype quickly

 B) To translate customer needs into technical requirements
 C) To debug software efficiently
 D) To improve system testing

Answer: B) To translate customer needs into technical requirements

3. Which requirement type is usually NOT explicitly stated by customers but is expected?

 A) Normal Requirements
 B) Expected Requirements
 C) Exciting Requirements
 D) Functional Requirements

Answer: B) Expected Requirements

4. The RAD (Rapid Application Development) Model is mainly focused on:

 A) Speed and quick prototype delivery

 B) Strict documentation
 C) High-budget projects
  D) Minimizing user involvement

Answer: A) Speed and quick prototype delivery

5. Which technique involves brainstorming sessions with customers?

 A) FAST (Facilitated Application Specification Technique)

 B) Debugging
 C) Software Deployment
 D) Code Optimization

Answer: A) FAST (Facilitated Application Specification Technique)

6. The first step in requirement gathering is:

 A) Writing code
 B) Identifying customer needs
 C) Testing software
 D) Deploying software

Answer: B) Identifying customer needs

7. What does QFD (Quality Function Deployment) focus on?

 A) Translating customer needs into technical requirements

 B) Reducing software cost
 C) Fixing errors in the software
 D) Software security

Answer: A) Translating customer needs into technical requirements

8. Normal requirements in software are:

 A) Unexpected features
 B) Implicit and not stated
 C) Fundamental needs of the software
 D) Optional features

Answer: C) Fundamental needs of the software

9. Which type of requirement is typically hidden but expected by users?

 A) Exciting Requirements
 B) Expected Requirements
 C) Normal Requirements
 D) External Requirements

Answer: B) Expected Requirements

10. Which of the following is not a requirement gathering technique?

 A) Surveys
 B) Interviews
 C) Guesswork
 D) Observation
Answer: C) Guesswork

11. An SRS (Software Requirement Specification) document is created at the end of:

 A) Coding
 B) Requirement Analysis
 C) Testing
 D) Deployment

Answer: B) Requirement Analysis

12. What is the most important characteristic of SRS?

 A) Completeness
 B) Complexity
 C) Length
 D) Cost

Answer: A) Completeness

13. Which phase converts requirements into a software design?

 A) Implementation
 B) Design
 C) Coding
 D) Testing

Answer: B) Design

14. Which document contains technical details of requirements?

 A) Test Case Document

 B) Software Requirement Specification (SRS)
 C) User Manual
 D) Project Proposal

Answer: B) Software Requirement Specification (SRS)

Unit 4: Modular Design & UML

1. Which of the following best defines software modularity?

 A) Creating large monolithic software

 B) Dividing software into small, independent modules
 C) Writing code without documentation
 D) Avoiding software reuse

Answer: B) Dividing software into small, independent modules

2. Which of the following represents a weak type of module coupling?

 A) Data Coupling
 B) Content Coupling
 C) Common Coupling
  D) Control Coupling

Answer: A) Data Coupling

3. A UML Use Case Diagram represents:

 A) The structure of a database

 B) The static organization of a system
 C) Interactions between actors and a system
 D) The detailed code execution

Answer: C) Interactions between actors and a system

4. What type of relationship in a UML diagram indicates inheritance?

 A) Association
 B) Aggregation
 C) Generalization
 D) Composition

Answer: C) Generalization

5. What is the main goal of modular design in software?

 A) To increase software complexity

 B) To divide software into smaller, manageable parts
 C) To write long, single-file programs
 D) To remove debugging steps

Answer: B) To divide software into smaller, manageable parts

6. Which of the following best describes functional independence?

 A) Modules are highly dependent on each other

 B) Modules perform a single, specific task with minimal dependencies
 C) Software is written as one large unit
 D) Modules have strong interconnections

Answer: B) Modules perform a single, specific task with minimal dependencies

7. Which characteristic should a well-designed module have?

 A) High cohesion, low coupling

 B) Low cohesion, high coupling
 C) Strong dependencies between modules
 D) No modular separation

Answer: A) High cohesion, low coupling

8. Which of the following is the weakest form of cohesion?

 A) Sequential Cohesion
 B) Logical Cohesion
 C) Coincidental Cohesion
 D) Communicational Cohesion
Answer: C) Coincidental Cohesion

9. Which type of coupling is the most desirable?

 A) Data Coupling
 B) Content Coupling
 C) Common Coupling
 D) Control Coupling

Answer: A) Data Coupling

10. Which diagram in UML shows the static structure of a system?

 A) Sequence Diagram
 B) Class Diagram
 C) Use Case Diagram
 D) Activity Diagram

Answer: B) Class Diagram

11. In UML, what does a use case diagram represent?

 A) The internal code structure

 B) The dynamic behavior of a system
 C) Interactions between users (actors) and system functionalities
 D) Data flow in a database

Answer: C) Interactions between users (actors) and system functionalities

12. Which of the following UML relationships represents inheritance?

 A) Association
 B) Aggregation
 C) Generalization
 D) Composition

Answer: C) Generalization

13. What does a system boundary in a use case diagram indicate?

 A) The connection between hardware and software

 B) The limits of functionalities inside the system
 C) The number of classes in a system
 D) The interaction between multiple databases

Answer: B) The limits of functionalities inside the system

14. Which UML diagram is best suited for modeling database structures?

 A) Class Diagram
 B) Use Case Diagram
 C) Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
 D) Activity Diagram

Answer: C) Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Unit 5: Software Testing

1. The primary goal of software testing is to:

 A) Prove that the software is error-free

 B) Detect and reduce defects
 C) Ensure software runs faster
 D) Improve software design

Answer: B) Detect and reduce defects

2. White-box testing primarily focuses on:

 A) The functionality of the software

 B) The internal structure and logic of the code
 C) User experience
 D) Performance testing

Answer: B) The internal structure and logic of the code

3. In software testing, "Regression Testing" means:

 A) Testing the entire software from scratch

 B) Checking if new code changes break existing functionality
 C) Testing software security
 D) Ensuring software meets legal regulations

Answer: B) Checking if new code changes break existing functionality

4. Beta testing is performed by:

 A) Developers before release

 B) Users in a real environment
 C) The testing team only
 D) The software project manager

Answer: B) Users in a real environment

5. What is the primary purpose of software testing?

 A) To remove all errors from the software

 B) To ensure software matches requirements and is defect-free
 C) To speed up development
 D) To add more features

Answer: B) To ensure software matches requirements and is defect-free

6. Which of the following is NOT a principle of software testing?

 A) Testing can prove software is completely error-free

 B) Exhaustive testing is not possible
 C) Early testing reduces cost
 D) Testing is context-dependent
Answer: A) Testing can prove software is completely error-free

7. Which type of testing focuses on testing software functionality without knowing its internal structure?

 A) White-box testing
 B) Black-box testing
 C) Unit testing
 D) Integration testing

Answer: B) Black-box testing

8. Which testing technique involves testing different input values by dividing them into equivalent groups?

 A) Boundary Value Analysis

 B) Equivalence Class Partitioning
 C) State-based testing
 D) Regression Testing

Answer: B) Equivalence Class Partitioning

9. What is the main goal of regression testing?

 A) To test software after every update to check for new errors

 B) To test software speed and performance
 C) To test user acceptance
 D) To analyze coding styles

Answer: A) To test software after every update to check for new errors

10. Which level of testing is conducted at the very beginning of software development?

 A) System Testing
 B) Unit Testing
 C) Integration Testing
 D) Acceptance Testing

Answer: B) Unit Testing

11. What is the primary focus of system testing?

 A) Testing individual components

 B) Checking if the entire system meets requirements
 C) Debugging code errors
 D) Fixing minor UI bugs

Answer: B) Checking if the entire system meets requirements

12. What is Beta Testing?

 A) Testing done by the development team before release

 B) Testing done by real users in a real environment
 C) Automated testing done in a lab
 D) Unit testing of individual components

Answer: B) Testing done by real users in a real environment

 13. Which of the following best describes the "Pesticide Paradox" in testing?

 A) Running the same tests repeatedly may not find new defects
 B) More testing always improves software quality
 C) Bugs disappear automatically over time
 D) Only complex software needs testing

Answer: A) Running the same tests repeatedly may not find new defects

14. Which testing method examines software performance under high user loads?

 A) Stress Testing
 B) Security Testing
 C) Alpha Testing
 D) Boundary Testing

Answer: A) Stress Testing