Is an Allosteric Enzyme a Part of an Enzyme or a Type of Enzyme?
ﺋﺎﯾﺎ ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤێﮑﯽ ﺋەﻟﯚﺳﺘێﺮﯾﮏ ﺑەﺷێﮑە ﻟە ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤێﮏ ﯾﺎن ﺟﯚرێﮑە ﻟە ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻢ؟
An allosteric enzyme is a type of enzyme. .ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤێﮑﯽ ﺋەﻟﯚﺳﺘﯿﺮﯾﮏ ﺟﯚرێﮑە ﻟە ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻢ
It is not a part of an enzyme. Instead, it is a special kind of enzyme that can be controlled by small molecules binding to it. . ﺑەڵﮑﻮ ﺟﯚرێﮑﯽ ﺗﺎﯾﺒەﺗە ﻟە ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﮐە دەﺗﻮاﻧﺮێﺖ ﺑە ﻣﯚﻟﯿﮑﻮﻟە ﺑﭽﻮوﮐەﮐﺎن ﮐە ﭘێﯿەوە دەﺑەﺳﺘﺮێﺘەوە ﮐﯚﻧﺘڕۆڵ ﺑﮑﺮێﺖ.ﺑەﺷێﮏ ﻧﯿﯿە ﻟە ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤێﮏ
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How is an Allosteric Enzyme Different from a Normal Enzyme? ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤێﮑﯽ ﺋەﻟﯚﺳﺘێﺮﯾﮏ ﭼﯚن ﺟﯿﺎوازە ﻟە ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤێﮑﯽ ﺋﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ؟
1. Normal Enzymes ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤە ﺋﺎﺳﺎﯾﯿەﮐﺎن.1
• Only have one site where the substrate binds (active site). .(ﺗەﻧﮭﺎ ﯾەک ﺷﻮێﻦ ھەﺑێﺖ ﮐە ژێﺮﺧﺎﻧەﮐە ﺗێﯿﺪا ﺑەﺳﺘﺮاوەﺗەوە )ﺷﻮێﻨﯽ ﭼﺎﻻک
• Work at a steady rate depending on the amount of substrate. .• ﺑە ڕێﮋەﯾەﮐﯽ ﺟێﮕﯿﺮ ﮐﺎر ﺑﮑە ﺑەﭘێﯽ ﺑڕی ژێﺮﺧﺎﻧەﮐە
• Example: A light switch—when you flip it on, it works at one brightness level. . ﻟە ﯾەک ﺋﺎﺳﺘﯽ ڕووﻧﺎﮐﯿﺪا ﮐﺎردەﮐﺎت، ﮐﺎﺗێﮏ دەﯾﮕێڕﯾﺘەوە- ﺳﻮﯾﭽﯽ ڕووﻧﺎﮐﯽ:ﻧﻤﻮوﻧە
2. Allosteric Enzymes (Special Type of Enzyme) ( ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤەﮐﺎﻧﯽ ﺋەﻟﯚﺳﺘێﺮﯾﮏ )ﺟﯚری ﺗﺎﯾﺒەﺗﯽ ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻢ.2
• Have two sites: .١ :• دوو ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ھەﺑێﺖ
1. Active site → Where the substrate binds to do the reaction. . ﺷﻮێﻨﯽ ﭼﺎﻻک → ﮐە ژێﺮﺧﺎﻧەﮐە ﺑەﺳﺘﺮاوەﺗەوە ﺑﯚ ﺋەﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪاﻧﯽ ﮐﺎرﻟێﮑەﮐە.1
2. Allosteric site → A second site where another molecule binds to change how the enzyme works (either make it faster or slower). .( ﺷﻮێﻨﯽ ﺋﺎﻟﯚﺳﺘێﺮﯾﮏ → ﺷﻮێﻨﯽ دووەم ﮐە ﻣﯚﻟﯿﮑﻮﻟێﮑﯽ ﺗﺮ ﺑەﺳﺘﺮاوەﺗەوە ﺑﯚ ﮔﯚڕﯾﻨﯽ ﭼﯚﻧﯿەﺗﯽ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻧﯽ ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤەﮐە )ﯾﺎن ﺧێﺮاﺗﺮ ﯾﺎن ﺧﺎوﺗﺮ دەﮐﺎت.2
• Example: A fan with a remote control—you can change the speed (increase or decrease it). .( دەﺗﻮاﻧﯿﺖ ﺧێﺮاﯾﯿەﮐەی ﺑﮕﯚڕﯾﺖ )زﯾﺎد ﯾﺎن ﮐەﻣﯽ ﺑﮑەﯾﺘەوە- ﭘﺎﻧﮑەﯾەک ﮐە ﮐﯚﻧﺘﺮۆڵﯽ دووری ھەﯾە:ﻧﻤﻮوﻧە
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How Does the Allosteric Site Work? ﺳﺎﯾﺘﯽ ﺋەﻟﯚﺳﺘێﺮﯾﮏ ﭼﯚن ﮐﺎردەﮐﺎت؟
.(ﺋەﮔەر ﭼﺎﻻﮐﮑەرێﮏ ﺑەﺳﺘﺮاوەﺗەوە → ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤەﮐە ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮ ﮐﺎردەﮐﺎت )ﮐﺎرداﻧەوەی ﺧێﺮاﺗﺮ
• If an activator binds → The enzyme works better (faster reaction).
.ﺋەﮔەر ڕێﮕﺮﯾﮑەرێﮏ ﺑەﺳﺘﺮاوەﺗەوە → ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤەﮐە ﺧﺎو دەﺑێﺘەوە ﯾﺎن دەوﺳﺘێﺖ
• If an inhibitor binds → The enzyme slows down or stops.
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ڕﯾﻤﯚﺗێﮑﯽ ﺗەﻟەﻓﺰﯾﯚن:ﻧﻤﻮوﻧەی ژﯾﺎﻧﯽ ڕاﺳﺘەﻗﯿﻨە
Real-Life Example: A TV Remote .• ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤێﮑﯽ ﺋﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ وەﮐﻮ ﺗەﻟەﻓﺰﯾﯚﻧێﮑﯽ ﺑﻨەڕەﺗﯽ واﯾە ﮐە ﻟەﮐﺎﺗﯽ ﻓﺸﺎردان ﻟەﺳەر دوﮔﻤەﯾەک داﮔﯿﺮﺳﺎوە
• A normal enzyme is like a basic TV that turns on when you press a button. . ﯾﺎن ﺑﯿﮑﻮژێﻨﯿﺘەوە ﺑەﺑێ ﺋەوەی دەﺳﺖ ﻟە ﺧﻮدی ﺗەﻟەﻓﺰﯾﯚﻧەﮐە ﺑﺪەﯾﺖ، ڕووﻧﺎﮐﯽ ڕێﮑﺒﺨەﯾﺖ، دەﺗﻮاﻧﯿﺖ دەﻧﮓ-• ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤێﮑﯽ ﺋەﻟﯚﺳﺘﯿﺮﯾﮏ وەک ﺗەﻟەﻓﺰﯾﯚﻧێﮑﯽ زﯾﺮەک واﯾە ﮐە ڕﯾﻤﯚﺗێﮑﯽ ھەﯾە
• An allosteric enzyme is like a smart TV with a remote—you can adjust volume, brightness, or turn it off without touching the TV itself.
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ﭘﻮﺧﺘەی ﮐﯚﺗﺎﯾﯽ
Final Summary
.ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤە ﺋەﻟﯚﺳﺘێﺮﯾﮑەﮐﺎن ﺟﯚرێﮑە ﻟە ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻧەک ﺑەﺷێﮏ ﻟە ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤێﮏ
Allosteric enzymes are a type of enzyme, not a part of an enzyme.
They have an extra site (allosteric site) that allows them to be turned ON or OFF. . ﺑﮑﺮێﻦOFF ﯾﺎنON ( ﮐە ڕێﮕەﯾﺎن ﭘێﺪەداتallosteric ﺳﺎﯾﺘێﮑﯽ زﯾﺎدەﯾﺎن ھەﯾە )ﺳﺎﯾﺘﯽ
This helps the body control reactions quickly without completely destroying the enzyme. .ﺋەﻣەش ﯾﺎرﻣەﺗﯽ ﺟەﺳﺘە دەدات ﺑە ﺧێﺮاﯾﯽ ﮐﺎرداﻧەوەﮐﺎن ﮐﯚﻧﺘڕۆڵ ﺑﮑﺎت ﺑەﺑێ ﺋەوەی ﺋەﻧﺰﯾﻤەﮐە ﺑە ﺗەواوی ﻟەﻧﺎو ﺑﺒﺎت
normal enzyme
in
Allosteric effectors (modifiers) bind to the allosteric site and affect the catalytic site by
changing the enzyme’s shape.
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• Activators → Increase enzyme activity (make the catalytic site more efficient).
• Inhibitors → Decrease enzyme activity (make the catalytic site less efficient or inactive).
another
senshi Hyperbolic
curve
sigmoidal
curve
https://youtu.be/IbRa_SlzFCA?si=XBbLwOR2UdE-WGm7
https://chatgpt.com/share/67e28c17-5140-8001-904d-603f959471a0
