1.

​ The + thứ duy nhất

eg. The sun, the moon not the venus or the mars
2.​ The + country that have many states, continents
eg. The US, The UK, The Phillipines not The Vietnam
3.​ The + sông, núi số nhiều
eg. The Atlantic Ocean
4.​ The + instruments
eg. The piano, the guitar not the + subject
5.​ The + ADJ: một nhóm người
The poor: những ng giàu, the rich, the disabled
6.​ The + họ: chỉ một dòng tộc
7.​ The + buổi: the morning
II. Articles (Mạo từ)
Cách dùng A/an
- Dùng trước danh từ đếm được ở số ít.
- Dùng a khi danh từ bắt đầu bằng phụ âm.
- Dùng an khi danh từ bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm. (nguyên âm a, o, i, e, u)
- Dùng a hay an ta căn cứ vào cách phát như: a union, an uncle, an hour, ...
· ​ Lưu ý sử dụng a/an để nói về người, vật, nghề nghiệp.
E.g: He’s a teacher. He works as a teacher.
· ​ Khi mô tả về tóc: hair
Danh từ hair luôn ở dạng số ít và không có mạo từ đứng trước.
E.g: She has a long nose. He’s got dark hair.
Không dùng a/an trong các trường hợp: Với danh từ không đếm được, với sở hữu,
sau kind of, sort of: rice/ my book/ kind of tree.
Cách dùng The
“The” được dùng trước danh từ số ít và danh từ số nhiều khi danh từ đó đã được
xác định.
E.g: The dog that bit me ran away.
​ I was happy to see the policeman who saved my cat.
​ I saw the elephant at the zoo.
Lưu ý: trong những trường hợp sau ta dùng One mà không dùng a/an
- Trong sự so sánh đối chiếu với “another” hay “other” (s).
E.g: One boy wants to play football, but the others want to play volleyball.
​ (Một cậu thì thích chơi bóng đá nhưng những cậu khác lại thích chơi bóng rổ.)
- Dùng One day với nghĩa: một ngày nào đó.
E.g: One day I’ll meet her again.
​ (Một ngày nào đó mình sẽ gặp lại cô ấy.)
- Dùng với hundred và thousand khi ta muốn thông báo một con số chính xác.
E.g: How many are there? About a hundred? Exactly one hundred and three.
​ (Có bao nhiêu? Khoảng một trăm phải không? Chính xác là một trăm linh ba.)
- Ta dùng only one và just one.
E.g: We have got plenty of sausages, but only one egg.
​ (Chúng ta có rất nhiều xúc xích nhưng chỉ còn một quả trứng.)

II. Choose the correct answers A, B, C, or D to finish the sentences.

1. If you press the button, what ____________?
A. would happen​ B. happens​ C. will happen ​ D. happen
2. If I ____________ time, I ____________ you with planting that tree.
A. had - helped​ B. will have – will help​
C. have – will help D. have – don’t help
3. We can reuse things like____________.
A. envelopes ​B. plastic bottles ​ C. cloth bags ​D. glasses
4. People throw away millions of____________ every year.
 A. old car tires ​ B. drink cans ​
C. old newspapers ​ D. household wastes
5. Will you____________ please?
A. open the garbage can ​ B. hang the clothes ​
C. empty the dustbin ​ ​ D. collect the bottles
6. Billions of____________ are thrown away every year all over the world.
A. cans ​ B. bottles ​ C. cups ​ D. glasses
7. Things like____________ can be reused.
A. plastic bags ​ B. fabrics ​ C. paper toys ​ D. envelopes
8. We can recycle old clothes and make them into____________.
A. compost ​ B. leather ​ C. shopping bags ​ D. jogging shoes
9. If you go out with your friends tonight, I ____________ the film on TV.
A. watch​ B. watched​ C. am watching ​ D. will watch
10. If she ____________, we will miss the bus.
A. not hurries ​ B. doesn’t hurry​
C. won’t hurry ​ D. don’t hurry
11. I __________ to London if I don’t get a cheap flight.
A. will drive​B. won’t drive ​ C. drive ​ D. don’t drive
12. Don't throw that old____________ away. We can decorate it to make a flower
vase.
A. can ​ B. glass ​ C. bottle ​ D. paper
13. I think you should____________ to save water.
A. have a bath ​ B. go swimming ​ C. heat water ​ D. have a shower
14. We should____________ to prevent pollution.
A. use reusable bags ​ B. plant more trees ​
C. turn off the lights​ D. save electricity
15. We will buy____________ for our class
A. water bottles ​ B. recycling bins ​
C. energy-saving lights ​ D. refillable pencils
16. If we plant more trees in the schoolyard, the school will become a ____________
place.
A. darker​ B. dirtier​ C. greener​ D. more polluted
17. If we all use ____________ bags, we will help the environment.
 A. new​ B. cheap​ C. reusable​ D. reduced
18. Plastics, glasses and chemicals underground are harmful ____________ plants and
animals.
A. to​ B. of​ C. in​ D. at
19. These three Rs ____________ reduce, reuse, and recycle.
A. stand up​ B. stand for​ C. ask for​ D. means
20. Because plastic bags are very hard to ____________, they will cause pollution.
A. dissolve​ B. wrap​ C. tear​D. collect
21. If there is a rubbish bin in every class, the classroom will become ____________.
A. harmful​ B. dirtier​ C. cleaner​ D. lighter
22. If people ____________ public transport, there will be less pollution.
A. use​B. will use​ C. can use​ D. used
23. If I pass this exam, I ____________ to the university next summer.
A. went​ B. have gone​C. will go​ D. goes
24. We will be late unless we ____________ now.
A. leave​ B. don’t leave​ C. had left​ D. have left
25. You will get a good seat if you ____________ first.
A. came​ B. come​ C. have come​D. will come
26. What can we do ____________ air pollution?
A. reduce​ B. to reduce​ C. reducing​ D. to reducing
27. If people turn off all electric appliances in one hour all over the world, they can
save lots of ____________.
A. electric​ B. electrical​ C. electrician​D. electricity
28. Don’t throw rubbish ____________ the river because you will make it dirty.
A. into​ B. up​ C. at​ D. of
29. If you have old clothes, will you give them to those ___________?
A. needs​ B. to need​ C. in need​ D. for needing
30. Please collect all recyclable materials, and take them to the ____________ factory.
A. recycle​ B. recycled​ C. recycling​ D. recyclable
31. Your school is so green with lots of trees!
A. That's a good idea. ​
B. Congratulations!
C. There are many trees here. ​
 D. Thank you. We're planting some more flowers.
32. If you don't do exercise, you won't be healthy.
​ A. I don't want to ​ B. I'm OK
C. Thank you. I'll exercise more. ​ D. That's fine.
33. Wow! Your new bike is so cute.
A. I don't know ​ B. How about riding a bike?
C. Yes. My uncle gave me yesterday. ​ D. We can cycle to school
34. Don't eat much sweet food. It harms your teeth.
A. I see. Thank you ​ B. I'm going to the dentist.
C. I love sweets ​D. How about going to the
dentist?
35. What a lovely hat!
A. What is that? ​B. Thanks. I made it myself.
C. I don't know. ​D. Where is my bag?
III. Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined words in each of
the following questions.
1. We should not throw trash onto the river.
A. waste material​ B. garbage​ C. rubbish​ D. All are correct
2. Turn off the tap when we brush teeth and wash the dishes.
A. switch off​ B. turn on​ C. switch on​ D. start
3. We must keep our streets clean.
A. dirty​ B. fresh​ C. polluted​ D. unclean
4. If you reduce waste paper and empty bottles, you will save the environment.
A. ruin​ B. destroy​ C. protect​ D. damage
5. If we use public transportation, we will reduce air pollution .
A. decrease ​ B. increase ​ C. upgrade​ D. raise
IV. Choose the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined words in each
of the following questions.
1. If you work hard, we’ll make this beach a clean place again.
A. beautiful​ B. tidy ​ C. polluted​ D. clear
2. You should use public buses instead of motorbikes to reduce air pollution.
A. increase​ B. decrease​ C. minimize​ D. make less
3. Polluted water is harmful to people’s health and kills fish.
 A. useful​ B. unsafe​ C. bad​ D. dangerous
4. Everyone should protect our environment.
A. conserve​ B. save​ C. destroy​ D. take care of
5. We should try our best to keep our environment unpolluted.
A. clean​ B. safe​ C. fresh​ D. polluted