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The document outlines the different levels of vehicle automation, ranging from Level 2 (Partial Automation) where the driver must monitor the vehicle, to Level 5 (Full Automation) which requires no human involvement. Level 3 (Conditional Automation) allows the driver to take their eyes off the road but requires readiness to intervene, while Level 4 (High Automation) can handle emergencies without driver attention. Additionally, it mentions the use of radar and camera technology in vehicles, such as Tesla models, for detecting moving objects but notes limitations in detecting stationary ones.

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anjalidn2001
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7 views1 page

Tesla1 6

The document outlines the different levels of vehicle automation, ranging from Level 2 (Partial Automation) where the driver must monitor the vehicle, to Level 5 (Full Automation) which requires no human involvement. Level 3 (Conditional Automation) allows the driver to take their eyes off the road but requires readiness to intervene, while Level 4 (High Automation) can handle emergencies without driver attention. Additionally, it mentions the use of radar and camera technology in vehicles, such as Tesla models, for detecting moving objects but notes limitations in detecting stationary ones.

Uploaded by

anjalidn2001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEVEL 2: PARTIAL AUTOMATION

In partial automation, the vehicle has control of the vehicle in terms of steering,
acceleration/deceleration and braking but the driver must monitor the driving and should
be ready to take control at any time in case the automated systems are unable to perform
[7]. Level 2 automated cars are available in market and include two or more combined
automated functions. Example- Tesla Autopilot and Cadillac (General Motors) Super
Cruise systems both qualify as level 2.

LEVEL 3: CONDITIONAL AUTOMATION


In limiting self-driving, the vehicle is in full control and alerts the driver to retake control
in situations which require driver assistance. The driver can take his „eyes off‟ the road
and should take control when the system needs[8]. Vehicles with level 3 automation
usually use RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging) technology for sensing their
surroundings. Tesla autopilot system, General Motors super cruise technology and Audi
A8 have level 3 automation.

LEVEL 4: HIGH AUTOMATION


Vehicles in this level are capable of handling immediate response like emergency
braking. Driver attention is not required and need not be in the driver seat. But driver can
take control in unusual environment conditions. Google car prototypes fall under this
category.

LEVEL 5: FULL AUTOMATION


No human involvement is required. The vehicle will not allow the passenger to take
control of the operations. Robotic taxi will fall under this category.

Mechanisms Used
1. Radar and Camera Combination:
The front bumpers of Tesla Model S and Model X have radars behind them, with a range
of several hundred meters, that can detect cars and moving objects from a substantial
distance. However, unfortunately, the radar is unable to detect lanes or motionless
objects like stationary humans.

Figure 2 : Vehicle and Pedestrian Detection

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