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The document outlines an experiment on the identification of various blocks in the 8086 microprocessor, focusing on the functions of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and the flag register format. It details the ALU's capabilities in arithmetic, logical, comparison, and bitwise operations, as well as its role in memory addressing and flag updates. Additionally, it includes a flag register format and descriptions of each flag's function in the 8086 architecture.

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21 views4 pages

Mic 1

The document outlines an experiment on the identification of various blocks in the 8086 microprocessor, focusing on the functions of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and the flag register format. It details the ALU's capabilities in arithmetic, logical, comparison, and bitwise operations, as well as its role in memory addressing and flag updates. Additionally, it includes a flag register format and descriptions of each flag's function in the 8086 architecture.

Uploaded by

blood23151
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Subject: Microprocessor Programming Subject Code:313302


Semester:4th Semester Course: COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Laboratory No: L003 Name of Subject Teacher: ANJALI
GHARAT
Name of Student: Yuvraj yadav Roll Id:23203A0036

Experiment No: 1
Title of Identification of various blocks in 8086 microprocessor
Experiment

Practical Related

1. State the functions of ALU.


Functions of the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit):
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a critical component of a computer's CPU
responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations.
1. Arithmetic Operations:
 Performs basic mathematical calculations such as:
o Addition (ADD)
o Subtraction (SUB)
o Multiplication (MUL)
o Division (DIV)
 Supports increment (INC) and decrement (DEC) operations.
2. Logical Operations:
 Performs bitwise operations, including:
o AND (AND)
o OR (OR)
o XOR (Exclusive OR) (XOR)
o NOT (Complement) (NOT)
 Used for decision-making processes in a program.
3. Comparison Operations:
 Compares two values and sets flags based on conditions:
o Equal to (CMP)
o Greater than
o Less than
o Zero flag (ZF), Carry flag (CF), Overflow flag (OF) help in decision making.
4. Bitwise Shift and Rotate Operations:
 Shift Left (SHL) and Shift Right (SHR): Move bits left or right.
 Rotate Left (ROL) and Rotate Right (ROR): Circular bit rotation.
5. Boolean Logic Operations:
 Used in control systems and decision-making.
 Involves combinations of logical gates for condition evaluation.
6. Address Calculation:
 Helps in memory addressing for instruction execution.
 Used in array indexing, pointer arithmetic, and memory allocation.
7. Flag Register Updates:
 ALU updates flags (Zero Flag, Carry Flag, Parity Flag, etc.), which affect
conditional operations and branching.
2. Draw flag register format of 8086.
Flag format of 8086 is :

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
x x x x OF DF IF TF SF ZF x AF x PF x CF

Bit Position Flag Name


0 CF Carry Flag Set if there is a
carry/borrow in
arithmetic
operations.
2 PF Parity Flag Set if the number
of 1s in the result is
even.
4 AF Auxiliary Carry Set if there is a
Flag carry from lower
nibble (used in
BCD operations).
6 ZF Zero Flag Set if the result of
an operation is
zero.
7 SF Sign Flag Set if the result is
negative (MSB is
1).

8 TF Trap Flag Used for


debugging;
enables single-step
execution.

9 IF Interrupt Enables/disables
Flag external interrupts
(1 = Enable, 0 =
Disable).

10 DF Direction Used in string


Flag operations (1 =
Decrement, 0 =
Increment).

11 OF Overflow Set if an arithmetic


Flag operation results in
an overflow.

Draw the functional block diagram of 8086 microprocessor

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