CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2
The increasing demand for renewable energy solutions has driven
innovations in power electronics, particularly in the development of
inverters for solar energy systems. Solar-powered inverters convert direct
current (DC) generated by photovoltaic (PV) panels into alternating
current (AC) suitable for household and industrial use. Traditional inverters
often operate at low frequencies, which can result in bulky transformers
and reduced efficiency. High-frequency inverters, on the other hand,
utilize advanced switching techniques and compact transformers to
achieve higher efficiency, reduced size, and lower cost (Ogunjuyigbe et
al., 2016).
In many developing countries, unreliable grid power supply necessitates
the use of alternative energy sources such as solar power. A 12V, 2KVA,
220V high-frequency solar-powered inverter represents a practical solution
for small-scale applications, capable of powering essential appliances like
lights, fans, and small electronics. The use of a 12V input aligns with
common battery storage systems, while the 2KVA capacity and 220V
output cater to standard household voltage requirements in many regions
(Rashid, 2011).
This project focuses on designing and constructing a high-frequency
inverter that leverages solar energy, incorporating modern power
electronics principles to ensure efficiency and reliability. The shift toward
high-frequency designs reflects advancements in semiconductor
technology and the need for sustainable energy solutions in a world facing
climate change and energy crises.
1.3 Statement of the Problem
1.4
Despite the abundance of solar energy, its effective utilization remains a
challenge due to inefficiencies in power conversion systems. Conventional
low-frequency inverters suffer from large size, high cost, and energy
losses, making them less ideal for portable or cost-sensitive applications.
Additionally, many existing solar inverters lack the ability to deliver
consistent power output under varying load conditions, leading to reduced
reliability (Kjaer et al., 2005).
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The primary aim of this project is to design and construct a 12V, 2KVA,
220V high-frequency solar-powered inverter. The specific objectives are as
follows:
To design a high-frequency inverter circuit capable of converting 12V DC
to 220V AC with a power rating of 2KVA.
To integrate a solar power input and battery storage system for
sustainable operation.
To construct and test the inverter for efficiency, reliability, and load-
handling capacity.
To evaluate the performance of the inverter under different operating
conditions.
1.5 Scope of the Study
1.6
This project focuses on the design and construction of a high-frequency
solar-powered inverter with the following specifications: an input voltage
of 12V DC, an output capacity of 2KVA, and an output voltage of 220V AC.
The inverter will utilize high-frequency switching techniques, incorporating
components such as MOSFETs, a high-frequency transformer, and a
microcontroller for pulse-width modulation (PWM) control. The study
includes the integration of a solar panel and battery system but does not
cover the design of these components. Testing will be limited to laboratory
conditions with resistive and inductive loads typical of household
appliances.
1.5 Significance of the Study
The successful completion of this project will contribute to the
advancement of renewable energy technologies by providing an efficient
and affordable power conversion solution. The high-frequency design
reduces the size and cost of the inverter, making it suitable for rural
electrification and off-grid applications. This study will also serve as a
reference for students, researchers, and engineers interested in power
electronics and solar energy systems. By promoting sustainable energy
use, the project aligns with global efforts to mitigate climate change and
improve energy access (International Renewable Energy Agency [IRENA],
2019).
