SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO ĐỀ ÔN TẬP SỐ 5

BẮC NINH KỲ THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT NĂM 2025

¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Môn: Tiếng Anh
Thời gian làm bài: 50 phút
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
* Giáo viên ra đề: Nguyễn Thị Thuý + Trần Hồng Thuỳ
Đơn vị công tác: THPT Quế Võ Số 2
* Giáo viên thẩm định:
Đơn vị công tác: THPT Lý Thường Kiệt
Read the following advertisement about a new travel platform and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the

numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

VITALTRACK PRO: YOUR PERSONAL WELLNESS COMPANION

Struggling to maintain (1)_______ in today’s fast-paced world? Meet VitalTrack Pro, the innovative(2)________that revolutionizes your approach to wellness!

Our compremhensive health monitoring system, (3)_______recognition from medical professionals worldwide, tracks everything from heart rate patterns to sleep quality. The

advanced sensors respond_(4)_____subtle changes in your body’s rhythms, providing real-time health insights.

Users can easily __(5)____priority to their health goals through our intuitive dashboard. Our AI-powered analytics interpret your health data, offering personalized

recommendations and early warnings signals for potential health concerns.

Ready to take control of you well-being?Consider __(6)______VitalTrack Pro today and experience the future of personalized wellness monitoring!

Question 1. A. balance B. balancing C. balanced D.balanceable

Question 2. A. digital system wellness B. digital wellness system

C. system digital wellness D. wellness system digital

Question 3. A.gained B. which is gained C. gaining D. gains

Question 4. A. to B. for C. at D. by

Question 5. A. make B. give C. take D. put

Question 6. A. purchasing B. to purchase C. purchased D.to purchasing

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

EXPLORE CULTURAL DIVERSITY

Culture is the heart of every society, reflecting traditions, values, and creativity. By understanding different cultures, we enrich our perspectives and build connections with (7)

_____________. Whether through art, language, or celebrations, culture (8) ____________ our identities and offers a window into the lives of others.

Why Embrace Cultural Diversity?

Celebrate Differences: Every culture has unique traditions, from festivals and dances to foods and clothing.(9) ____________ experiencing these, we gain a deeper appreciation

of our global community.

Language as a Key: Learning even a few words in another language can open (10) ____________ to new friendships and understanding.

Art & Music: Cultural (11) ____________ in music, paintings, and performances are windows into a community's history and values.

Get Involved!

Attend local cultural festivals.

Try traditional cuisines from around the world.

(12) ____________ art and films from different countries.

Celebrating culture brings us closer together.

Question 7: A. others B. another C. other D. the other

Question 8: A. creates B. forms C. establishes D. shapes

Question 9: A. In view of B. On behalf of C. In case of D. By means of

Question 10: A. gates B. doors C. windows D. curtains

Question 11: A. compression B. depression C. expressions D. impressions

Question 12: A. Engage with B. Share with C. Commit to D. Contribute to

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following

questions from 13 to 17

Question 13.

a. Tom: Good morning, Alice! Did you sleep well?

b. Alice: Yes, thank you. How about you?

c. Alice: Good morning, Tom!

A. a – b – c B. c – b – a C. b – c – a D. c – a – b

Question 14.

a. Jack: Morning, Emily! It was good, thanks. I went hiking with some friends. How about you?

b. Emily: Good morning, Jack! How was your weekend?

c. Emily: Sounds fun! I had a relaxing weekend at home. Hey, have you seen the agenda?

d. Emily: Alright, thanks. Oh, and don’t forget, we have that client presentation at 2 PM.

e. Jack: Not yet. Let me check my email.

A. a – b – c – d – e B. c – b – a – e – d C. b – a – c – e – d D. b – c – a – d – e

Question 15.

Dear Emily,

a. If you ever get the chance to visit Italy, you should go! I’d love for us to travel together someday.

b. I loved the food, especially the pizza in Naples!

c. I hope you're doing well! I just got back from an amazing trip to Italy and had to tell you about it.

d. The locals were so welcoming, and learning a few Italian phrases helped.

e. The views at the Amalfi Coast were breathtaking, and I explored beautiful cities like Venice and Rome.

Take care,

Sarah

A. c-a-e-d-b B. a-e-d-c-b C. a-c-d-e-b D. c-e-d-b-a

Question 16.

a. Educated women can both take care of their children and fulfil their job requirements.

b. In conclusion, there should be no sex discrimination in our society nowadays.

c. The number of women who become highly educated labourers is increasing.

d. Their incomes are higher and higher. Why has the situation changed lately?

e. Girls who stay at school longer can build their good backgrounds.

A. d – e – b – a – c B. c – d – e – a –b C. b – a – e – c – d D. c – d – e – b – a

Question 17.

a. Additionally, choosing eco-friendly products and supporting renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power, contributes to a greener planet.

b. Planting trees helps reduce carbon dioxide levels and improves air quality.

c. Simple actions like reducing plastic use, recycling, and conserving water can make a significant difference.

d. It’s important for individuals, businesses, and governments to work together to preserve natural resources, reduce pollution, and combat climate change for future generations.

e. Protecting the environment is crucial for ensuring a healthy and sustainable future.

[Adapted from World Wildlife Fund and United Nations Environment Programme materials]

A. e-c-b-a-d B. e-a-c-d-b C. e-c-a-b-d D. d-e-a-c-b

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered bla

nks from 18 to 22.

The future of electric vehicles (EVs) is promising, as technological advancements and environmental concerns (18) __________. As governments worldwide implement

stricter emissions regulations and offer incentives for EV adoption, manufacturers are investing heavily in research and development. (19) __________, resulting in longer

ranges and faster charging times. For instance, new solid-state batteries have the potential to enhance energy density and safety, making EVs more practical for everyday use.
 Additionally, the rise of autonomous driving technology is set to revolutionize the way we interact with vehicles. Many electric models are now equipped with advanced

driver-assistance systems (20) __________. Furthermore, the integration of smart technology allows for seamless connectivity, enabling drivers to monitor their vehicle's

performance and locate charging stations through mobile apps.

As charging infrastructure continues to expand, (21) __________, the convenience of owning an EV is increasing. This transition to electric vehicles not only promises a

reduction in carbon emissions but also fosters a cleaner, healthier environment. Overall, (22) __________ and sustainable transportation.

Question 18: A. driving the automotive industry toward a sustainable transformation

B. drive the automotive industry toward a sustainable transformation

C. that drive the automotive industry toward a sustainable transformation

D. from which drive the automotive industry toward a sustainable transformation

Question 19: A. This focus has led to significant improvements in battery technology

B. Having led to significant improvements in battery technology

C. This focus of significant improvements in battery technology

D. Significant improvements have led to this focus on battery technology

Question 20: A. whose not only enhance safety but also pave the way for fully autonomous driving

B. which not only enhance safety but also pave the way for fully autonomous driving

C. who not only enhance safety but also pave the way for fully autonomous driving

D. whose not only enhance safety but also pave the way for fully autonomous driving

Question 21: A. more public charging stations are being installed

B. with more public charging stations being installed

C. more public charging stations being installed

D. with more public charging stations installing

Question 22: A. the future of electric vehicles holds immense potential for innovation

B. immense potential for innovation holds the future of electric vehicles

C. electric vehicles for innovation hold immense potential for the future

D. the future for innovation holds immense potential of electric vehicles

Read the following passage about urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best answer to each of the following

question from 23 to 30.

Urbanization refers to the process through which cities grow and expand as more people move from rural to urban areas. This phenomenon is driven by various factors,

including economic opportunities, educational facilities, and healthcare services, which often attract individuals seeking better living standards. As cities become more

populated, they undergo significant transformations in infrastructure, including housing, transportation, and public services.

The rise in urban populations can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. On the positive side, urbanization can stimulate economic development, innovation, and

cultural exchange. It often brings improvements in living standards and provides better access to services and amenities. However, rapid urban growth can also strain existing

infrastructure, leading to issues such as overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate public services. These challenges can impact the quality of life in urban areas and require careful

planning and management.

Effective urban planning is crucial to mitigating the negative effects of urbanization. This includes creating sustainable infrastructure, managing resources efficiently,

and ensuring equitable access to services for all residents. By addressing these challenges, cities can harness the benefits of urbanization while improving the overall quality of

urban life.

[Adapted from United Nations. "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision." United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019]

Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor driving urbanization?

A. Economic opportunities B. Healthcare services

C. Climate change D. Educational facilities

Question 24: The word stimulate in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

A. encourage B. promote C. hinder D. accelerate

Question 25: The word they in paragraph 1 refers to ______.

A. rural areas B. cities C. economic opportunities D. suburban

Question 26: The word mitigating in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.

A. worsening B. addressing C. preventing D. reducing

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A. Good urban planning is essential to address urbanization’s adverse effects.

B. Proper urban planning can help reduce the negative impacts of urban growth.

C. Mitigating urbanization’s drawbacks requires effective urban planning.

D. Managing urbanization’s negative consequences relies on strategic urban planning.

Question 28: According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. Urbanization always improves living standards.

B. Rapid urbanization can lead to overcrowding and pollution.

C. Economic development is rarely associated with urbanization.

D. Urban growth only brings negative outcomes.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention the benefits of urbanization?

A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

Question 30: In which passage does the author mention that durable infrastructure helps manage the impacts of urbanization?

A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

Read the following passage about sperm whales and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best answer to each of the following

question from 31 to 40.

[I] Sperm whales are fascinating creatures. [II] They possess the biggest brain of any species, six times larger than a human’s, which scientists believe may have evolved to

support intelligent, rational behavior. [III] They’re also highly social and capable of making decisions as a group. [IV] But there’s also a lot we don’t know about them,

including what they may be saying to one another when communicating with a system of short clicks, known as codas.

Now, new research published in Nature Communications today suggests that sperm whales’ communication is actually much more expressive and complicated than was

previously thought. A team of researchers led by Pratyusha Sharma at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) working with Project CETI, a nonprofit

focused on using AI to understand whales, used statistical models to analyze whale codas and managed to identify a structure to their language that’s similar to features of human

language. Their findings represent a tool future researchers could use to decipher not just the structure but the actual meaning of whale sounds.

For the study, the researchers examined recordings of 8,719 codas from around 60 whales collected by the Dominica Sperm Whale Project between 2005 and 2018, using

a mix of AI algorithms for pattern recognition and classification. The AI then turned the clicks within the coda data into a new kind of data visualization called an exchange plot,

revealing that some codas featured extra clicks. These extra clicks, combined with variations in the duration of their calls, appeared in interactions between multiple whales,

which they say suggests that codas can carry more information and possess a more complicated internal structure than we had previously believed.

The team’s next step is to build language models of whale calls and to examine how those calls relate to different behaviors. They also plan to work on a more universal

system that could be used across species, says Sharma. Taking a communication system we know nothing about, working out how it encodes and transmits information,

and slowly beginning to understand what’s being communicated could have many purposes beyond whales. “I think we’re just starting to understand some of these

things,” she says. “We’re very much at the beginning, but we are slowly making our way through.”

(Adapted from technologyreview.com)

Question 31. Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?

They demonstrate a high level of sociability and are capable of collective decision – making.

A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]

Question 32: What do we learn about sperm whales in paragraph 1?

A. They are one of the most interesting creatures for humans to study.

B. Their brains are more advanced than human brains by six times.

C. The size of their brains is the reason why they are highly social.

D. They have the ability to make decisions together rather than alone.
Question 33: According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a tool or method used by researchers to study whale communication?

A. AI algorithms for pattern recognition B. Statistical models

C. Recordings of codas D. Behavioral experiments with whales

Question 34: The word “decipher” in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by ___________.

A. decode B. resolve C. detect D. reveal

Question 35: The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to __________.

A. researchers B. algorithms C. clicks D. interactions

Question 36: Which of the following is TRUE about the study discussed in this passage?

A. The study involved over 10,000 recordings of codas from various species of whales.

B. The research found that whale communication is simpler than previously thought.

C. AI algorithms were used to analyze whale codas and uncover patterns.

D. The study concluded that codas cannot carry more information than was once believed.

Question 37: The word “universal” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. general B. conventional C. prevalent D. ordinary

Question 38. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Studying whale communication will provide insights useful for understanding other communication systems.

B. Once we decode whale communication, we will fully understand how they transmit information.

C. Understanding whale communication systems has limited applications outside marine biology.

D. Whale communication can only be understood through long – term study without further application.

Question 39: Which of the following can most likely be inferred from the passage?

A. Sperm whales are much more intelligent than what people commonly think.

B. Project CETI is using the most advanced AI in order to achieve their end goal.

C. Codas with extra clicks are the most structurally similar to human language.

D. We have yet to fully grasp the complexity of the sperm whale language system.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

A. Sperm whales are known for their large brains and complex group behavior, though their communication remains largely mysterious.

B. Researchers have fully decoded the structure and meaning of whale codas using advanced AI technology.

C. A recent study suggests that sperm whale communication may be more complex than previously thought, and researchers are beginning to unravel its structure and meaning

with the help of AI.

D. The study found that whale communication is not related to their behavior, but rather to random environmental factors.

KEY

Read the following advertisement about a new travel platform and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the

numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

VITALTRACK PRO: YOUR PERSONAL WELLNESS COMPANION

Struggling to maintain (1)_______ in today’s fast-paced world? Meet VitalTrack Pro, the innovative(2)________that revolutionizes your approach to wellness!

Our compremhensive health monitoring system, (3)_______recognition from medical professionals worldwide, tracks everything from heart rate patterns to sleep quality. The

advanced sensors respond_(4)_____subtle changes in your body’s rhythms, providing real-time health insights.
Users can easily __(5)____priority to their health goals through our intuitive dashboard. Our AI-powered analytics interpret your health data, offering personalized

recommendations and early warnings signals for potential health concerns.

Ready to take control of you well-being?Consider __(6)______VitalTrack Pro today and experience the future of personalized wellness monitoring!

Question 1. A. balance B. balancing C. balanced D.balanceable

Question 2. A. digital system wellness B. digital wellness system

C. system digital wellness D. wellness system digital

Question 3. A.gained B. which is gained C. gaining D. gains

Question 4. A. to B. for C. at D. by

Question 5. A. make B. give C. take D. put

Question 6. A. purchasing B. to purchase C. purchased D.to purchasing

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

EXPLORE CULTURAL DIVERSITY

Culture is the heart of every society, reflecting traditions, values, and creativity. By understanding different cultures, we enrich our perspectives and build connections with (7)

_____________. Whether through art, language, or celebrations, culture (8) ____________ our identities and offers a window into the lives of others.

Why Embrace Cultural Diversity?

Celebrate Differences: Every culture has unique traditions, from festivals and dances to foods and clothing.(9) ____________ experiencing these, we gain a deeper appreciation

of our global community.

Language as a Key: Learning even a few words in another language can open (10) ____________ to new friendships and understanding.

Art & Music: Cultural (11) ____________ in music, paintings, and performances are windows into a community's history and values.

Get Involved!

Attend local cultural festivals.

Try traditional cuisines from around the world.

(12) ____________ art and films from different countries.

Celebrating culture brings us closer together.

Question 7: A. others B. another C. other D. the other

Question 8: A. creates B. forms C. establishes D. shapes

Question 9: A. In view of B. On behalf of C. In case of D. By means of

Question 10: A. gates B. doors C. windows D. curtains

Question 11: A. compression B. depression C. expressions D. impressions

Question 12: A. Engage with B. Share with C. Commit to D. Contribute to

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following

questions from 13 to 17

Question 13.

a. Tom: Good morning, Alice! Did you sleep well?

b. Alice: Yes, thank you. How about you?

c. Alice: Good morning, Tom!

A. a – b – c B. c – b – a C. b – c – a D. c – a – b

Question 14.

a. Jack: Morning, Emily! It was good, thanks. I went hiking with some friends. How about you?

b. Emily: Good morning, Jack! How was your weekend?

c. Emily: Sounds fun! I had a relaxing weekend at home. Hey, have you seen the agenda?

d. Emily: Alright, thanks. Oh, and don’t forget, we have that client presentation at 2 PM.

e. Jack: Not yet. Let me check my email.

A. a – b – c – d – e B. c – b – a – e – d C. b – a – c – e – d D. b – c – a – d – e
Question 15.

Dear Emily,

a. If you ever get the chance to visit Italy, you should go! I’d love for us to travel together someday.

b. I loved the food, especially the pizza in Naples!

c. I hope you're doing well! I just got back from an amazing trip to Italy and had to tell you about it.

d. The locals were so welcoming, and learning a few Italian phrases helped.

e. The views at the Amalfi Coast were breathtaking, and I explored beautiful cities like Venice and Rome.

Take care,

Sarah

A. c-a-e-d-b B. a-e-d-c-b C. a-c-d-e-b D. c-e-d-b-a

Question 16.

a. Educated women can both take care of their children and fulfil their job requirements.

b. In conclusion, there should be no sex discrimination in our society nowadays.

c. The number of women who become highly educated labourers is increasing.

d. Their incomes are higher and higher. Why has the situation changed lately?

e. Girls who stay at school longer can build their good backgrounds.

A. d – e – b – a – c B. c – d – e – a –b C. b – a – e – c – d D. c – d – e – b – a

Question 17.

a. Additionally, choosing eco-friendly products and supporting renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power, contributes to a greener planet.

b. Planting trees helps reduce carbon dioxide levels and improves air quality.

c. Simple actions like reducing plastic use, recycling, and conserving water can make a significant difference.

d. It’s important for individuals, businesses, and governments to work together to preserve natural resources, reduce pollution, and combat climate change for future generations.

e. Protecting the environment is crucial for ensuring a healthy and sustainable future.

[Adapted from World Wildlife Fund and United Nations Environment Programme materials]

A. e-c-b-a-d B. e-a-c-d-b C. e-c-a-b-d D. d-e-a-c-b

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered bla

nks from 18 to 22.

The future of electric vehicles (EVs) is promising, as technological advancements and environmental concerns (18) __________. As governments worldwide implement

stricter emissions regulations and offer incentives for EV adoption, manufacturers are investing heavily in research and development. (19) __________, resulting in longer

ranges and faster charging times. For instance, new solid-state batteries have the potential to enhance energy density and safety, making EVs more practical for everyday use.

Additionally, the rise of autonomous driving technology is set to revolutionize the way we interact with vehicles. Many electric models are now equipped with advanced

driver-assistance systems (20) __________. Furthermore, the integration of smart technology allows for seamless connectivity, enabling drivers to monitor their vehicle's

performance and locate charging stations through mobile apps.

As charging infrastructure continues to expand, (21) __________, the convenience of owning an EV is increasing. This transition to electric vehicles not only promises a

reduction in carbon emissions but also fosters a cleaner, healthier environment. Overall, (22) __________ and sustainable transportation.

Question 18: A. driving the automotive industry toward a sustainable transformation

B. drive the automotive industry toward a sustainable transformation

C. that drive the automotive industry toward a sustainable transformation

D. from which drive the automotive industry toward a sustainable transformation

Question 19: A. This focus has led to significant improvements in battery technology

B. Having led to significant improvements in battery technology

C. This focus of significant improvements in battery technology

D. Significant improvements have led to this focus on battery technology

Question 20: A. whose not only enhance safety but also pave the way for fully autonomous driving
B. which not only enhance safety but also pave the way for fully autonomous driving

C. who not only enhance safety but also pave the way for fully autonomous driving

D. whose not only enhance safety but also pave the way for fully autonomous driving

Question 21: A. more public charging stations are being installed

B. with more public charging stations being installed

C. more public charging stations being installed

D. with more public charging stations installing

Question 22: A. the future of electric vehicles holds immense potential for innovation

B. immense potential for innovation holds the future of electric vehicles

C. electric vehicles for innovation hold immense potential for the future

D. the future for innovation holds immense potential of electric vehicles

Read the following passage about urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best answer to each of the following

question from 23 to 30.

Urbanization refers to the process through which cities grow and expand as more people move from rural to urban areas. This phenomenon is driven by various factors,

including economic opportunities, educational facilities, and healthcare services, which often attract individuals seeking better living standards. As cities become more

populated, they undergo significant transformations in infrastructure, including housing, transportation, and public services.

The rise in urban populations can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. On the positive side, urbanization can stimulate economic development, innovation, and

cultural exchange. It often brings improvements in living standards and provides better access to services and amenities. However, rapid urban growth can also strain existing

infrastructure, leading to issues such as overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate public services. These challenges can impact the quality of life in urban areas and require careful

planning and management.

Effective urban planning is crucial to mitigating the negative effects of urbanization. This includes creating sustainable infrastructure, managing resources efficiently,

and ensuring equitable access to services for all residents. By addressing these challenges, cities can harness the benefits of urbanization while improving the overall quality of

urban life.

[Adapted from United Nations. "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision." United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019]

Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor driving urbanization?

A. Economic opportunities B. Healthcare services

C. Climate change D. Educational facilities

Question 24: The word stimulate in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

A. encourage B. promote C. hinder D. accelerate

Question 25: The word they in paragraph 1 refers to ______.

A. rural areas B. cities C. economic opportunities D. suburban

Question 26: The word mitigating in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.

A. worsening B. addressing C. preventing D. reducing

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A. Good urban planning is essential to address urbanization’s adverse effects.

B. Proper urban planning can help reduce the negative impacts of urban growth.

C. Mitigating urbanization’s drawbacks requires effective urban planning.

D. Managing urbanization’s negative consequences relies on strategic urban planning.

Question 28: According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. Urbanization always improves living standards.

B. Rapid urbanization can lead to overcrowding and pollution.

C. Economic development is rarely associated with urbanization.

D. Urban growth only brings negative outcomes.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention the benefits of urbanization?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

Question 30: In which passage does the author mention that durable infrastructure helps manage the impacts of urbanization?

A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

Read the following passage about sperm whales and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best answer to each of the following

question from 31 to 40.

[I] Sperm whales are fascinating creatures. [II] They possess the biggest brain of any species, six times larger than a human’s, which scientists believe may have evolved to

support intelligent, rational behavior. [III] They’re also highly social and capable of making decisions as a group. [IV] But there’s also a lot we don’t know about them,

including what they may be saying to one another when communicating with a system of short clicks, known as codas.

Now, new research published in Nature Communications today suggests that sperm whales’ communication is actually much more expressive and complicated than was

previously thought. A team of researchers led by Pratyusha Sharma at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) working with Project CETI, a nonprofit

focused on using AI to understand whales, used statistical models to analyze whale codas and managed to identify a structure to their language that’s similar to features of human

language. Their findings represent a tool future researchers could use to decipher not just the structure but the actual meaning of whale sounds.

For the study, the researchers examined recordings of 8,719 codas from around 60 whales collected by the Dominica Sperm Whale Project between 2005 and 2018, using

a mix of AI algorithms for pattern recognition and classification. The AI then turned the clicks within the coda data into a new kind of data visualization called an exchange plot,

revealing that some codas featured extra clicks. These extra clicks, combined with variations in the duration of their calls, appeared in interactions between multiple whales,

which they say suggests that codas can carry more information and possess a more complicated internal structure than we had previously believed.

The team’s next step is to build language models of whale calls and to examine how those calls relate to different behaviors. They also plan to work on a more universal

system that could be used across species, says Sharma. Taking a communication system we know nothing about, working out how it encodes and transmits information,

and slowly beginning to understand what’s being communicated could have many purposes beyond whales. “I think we’re just starting to understand some of these

things,” she says. “We’re very much at the beginning, but we are slowly making our way through.”

(Adapted from technologyreview.com)

Question 31. Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?

They demonstrate a high level of sociability and are capable of collective decision – making.

A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]

Question 32: What do we learn about sperm whales in paragraph 1?

A. They are one of the most interesting creatures for humans to study.

B. Their brains are more advanced than human brains by six times.

C. The size of their brains is the reason why they are highly social.

D. They have the ability to make decisions together rather than alone.

Question 33: According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a tool or method used by researchers to study whale communication?

A. AI algorithms for pattern recognition B. Statistical models

C. Recordings of codas D. Behavioral experiments with whales

Question 34: The word “decipher” in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by ___________.

A. decode B. resolve C. detect D. reveal

Question 35: The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to __________.

A. researchers B. algorithms C. clicks D. interactions

Question 36: Which of the following is TRUE about the study discussed in this passage?

A. The study involved over 10,000 recordings of codas from various species of whales.

B. The research found that whale communication is simpler than previously thought.

C. AI algorithms were used to analyze whale codas and uncover patterns.

D. The study concluded that codas cannot carry more information than was once believed.

Question 37: The word “universal” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. general B. conventional C. prevalent D. ordinary

Question 38. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Studying whale communication will provide insights useful for understanding other communication systems.

B. Once we decode whale communication, we will fully understand how they transmit information.

C. Understanding whale communication systems has limited applications outside marine biology.

D. Whale communication can only be understood through long – term study without further application.

Question 39: Which of the following can most likely be inferred from the passage?

A. Sperm whales are much more intelligent than what people commonly think.

B. Project CETI is using the most advanced AI in order to achieve their end goal.

C. Codas with extra clicks are the most structurally similar to human language.

D. We have yet to fully grasp the complexity of the sperm whale language system.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

A. Sperm whales are known for their large brains and complex group behavior, though their communication remains largely mysterious.

B. Researchers have fully decoded the structure and meaning of whale codas using advanced AI technology.

C. A recent study suggests that sperm whale communication may be more complex than previously thought, and researchers are beginning to unravel its structure and meaning

with the help of AI.

D. The study found that whale communication is not related to their behavior, but rather to random environmental factors.